Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

General
Chemistry 2
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Redox Reaction in The Different Parts
of the Cell

MELC: Identify the reaction occurring in the

different parts of the cell.
STEM_GC11AB-IVf-g-172

Define reduction potential, oxidation potential

and cell potential.
STEM_GC11AB-IVf-g-176

Prepared by:

Rafael A. Domingo
Teacher II
Talugtog Solsona National High School
General Chemistry 2
Share-A-Resource Program
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Redox Reaction in the Different Parts of the Cell
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rafael A. Domingo
Editor: Sherwin Jay P. Palaspas, Marissa G. Areola
Reviewers: Rajah Adib G. Reyes, Jerry G. Tabrilla
Urcino C. Pascua
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz EdD, CESO V
Joye D. Madalipay EdD
Santiago L. Baoec EdD
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Jerry G. Tabrilla EdD
Ursino C. Pascua
Division Design & Layout Artist: Jann Mark P. Sinang

Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________________________

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: ilocosnorte@deped.gov.ph
 12

General Chemistry 2
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Redox Reaction in the Different Parts
of the Cell
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.

This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest
in using them.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you in your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the different redox reactions occurring in the different parts of the cell. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is focused on Redox Reaction in the Different Parts of the Cell.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the reaction occurring in the different parts of the cell; and
2. define reduction potential, oxidation potential and cell potential

What I Know

This part of the module is a pre-assessment activity that allows your teacher to
determine your strengths, weaknesses, knowledge and skills about redox reaction.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper and submit a copy of it to your subject teacher.

1. Reduction happens at the ______.

a. anode b. cathode c. salt bridge d. voltmeter

2. Oxidation happens at the ______.

a. anode b. cathode c. salt bridge d. voltmeter

3. Which species is oxidized in the following reaction?

Ag+(aq) + Cu(s)  2Ag(s) + Cu +2

a. Ag b. Ag+ c. Cu d. Cu2+

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4. Metal A is more reactive than metal B. Which statement is CORRECT?

a. Electrons flow in the external circuit from A to B

b. Positive ions flow through salt bridge from A to B
c. Positive ions flow in external circuit from B to A.
d. Electrons flow through salt bridge from B to A

5. Below shows a cell diagram for voltaic cell. Which of the following is FALSE?

a. Electrons flow from anode to cathode

b. Oxidation happens in anode
c. Copper undergo reduction to form copper ions
d. Zinc undergo oxidation to form Zinc ions

6. Galvanic cell converts

a. Chemical energy into electrical energy
b. Electrical energy into chemical energy
c. a metal from its elemental form to combined form
d. Electrolyte into individual ions

7. Voltaic cell is made by connecting two half-cells below. Which statement is

CORRECT?

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 a. Mn is oxidized and voltage is 1.06 V
b. Pb is oxidized and voltage is 1.06 V
c. Mn is oxidized and voltage is 1.32 V
d. Pb is oxidized and voltage is 1.32 V

8. Which represents reduction process occurring in standard hydrogen electrode?

a. H2(g) → 2H+(aq) + 2e–

b. H+(aq) + OH–(aq) → H2O(l)
c. 2H+(aq) + 2e– → H2(g)
d. O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e

9. Which statement best describes how a salt bridge maintains electrical neutrality
in the half-cells of an electrochemical cell?
a. It prevents the migration of electrons.
b. It prevents the reaction from occurring spontaneously.
c. It permits the migration of ions.
d. It allows for the reaction from occurring spontaneously.

10.Electrochemical cell can be referred to as

a. Galvanic cell c. Both a and b
b. Voltaic cell d. None of the above

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 Lesson
Redox in Battery Cells
1
This lesson describes battery cells, or voltaic cells (also called galvanic cells).
These are kinds of electrochemical cell. An electrochemical cell is a system consisting
of electrodes that dip into an electrolyte and in which a chemical reaction either uses
or generates an electric current. A voltaic, or galvanic, cell is an electrochemical cell
in which a spontaneous reaction generates an electric current. An electrolytic cell is
an electrochemical cell in which an external energy source drives an otherwise
nonspontaneous reaction. In the next sections, we will discuss the basic principles
behind voltaic cells and then explore some of their commercial uses.

What’s In

Balance this reaction

MnO−4 + I− ⟶ I2 + Mn2+
Identify the following.
a. Oxidizing Agent
b. Reducing Agent
c. Half-reactions that undergo oxidation and reduction

What is New
Directions: Proceed with this URL to understand How Batteries Work “An Animated
Guide to the Science of Batteries”

https://www.saveonenergy.com/how-batteries-work/

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 What is It
A. Construction of Voltaic or Battery Cell

A voltaic cell consists of two half-cells that are electrically connected. Each
half-cell is the portion of an electrochemical cell in which a half-reaction takes place.
A simple half-cell can be made from a metal strip that dips into a solution of its metal
ion. An example is the zinc–zinc ion half-cell (often called simply a zinc electrode),
which consists of a zinc metal strip dipping into a solution of a zinc salt. Another
simple half-cell consists of a copper metal strip dipping into a solution of a copper
salt (copper electrode). In a voltaic cell, two half-cells are connected in such a way
that electrons flow from one metal electrode to another through an external circuit,
and ions flow from one half-cell to another through an internal cell connection.

Figure 1.1 illustrates an atomic view of a voltaic cell consisting of a zinc

electrode and a copper electrode.
As long as there is an external circuit, electrons can flow through it from one
electrode to another. Because zinc tends to lose electrons more readily than copper,
zinc atoms on the surface of the zinc electrode lose electrons to produce zinc ions.
These electrons flow through the external circuit to the copper electrode, where they
react with the copper ions in that half-cell to deposit copper metal atoms. The net
result is that zinc metal reacts with copper ions to produce zinc ions and copper
metal, and an electric current flow through the external circuit. The two half-cells
must be connected internally to allow ions to flow between them. As zinc ions
continue to be produced, the zinc ion solution begins to build up a positive charge.

Figure 1.1 atomic view of a voltaic cell in the half-cell on the left, a zinc metal atom loses two electrons. These flow
through the zinc electrode to the external circuit, then to the copper electrode in the half-cell on the right. Negative
charge on the copper electrode (from the electrons) attracts a copper ion, which reacts with the electrons on the
electrode to form a copper metal atom. The internal connection, discussed later in the text, allows ions to flow
between the two half-cells; it is required to maintain charge balance.

5
 Similarly, as copper ions plate out as copper metal, the solution builds up a
negative charge. The half-cell reactions will stop unless positive ions can move from
the zinc half-cell to the copper half-cell, and negative ions from the copper half-cell
can move to the zinc half-cell. It is necessary that these ion flows occur without
mixing of the zinc ion and copper ion solutions. If copper ion were to come in contact
with the zinc metal, for example, direct reaction would occur without an electric
current being generated. The voltage would drop, and the battery would run down
quickly. Figure 1.2a shows the two half-cells of a voltaic cell connected by a salt
bridge. A salt bridge is a tube of an electrolyte in a gel that is connected to the two
half-cells of a voltaic cell; the salt bridge allows the flow of ions but prevents the
mixing of the different solutions that would allow direct reaction of the cell reactants.
In Figure 1.2b, the half-cells are connected externally so that an electric current flow.
Figure 1.2c shows an actual setup of the zinc–copper cell.

The two half-cell reactions, as noted earlier, are

Zn(s)  Zn2+(aq) + 2e- (oxidation half-reaction)

Cu2+(aq) + 2e-  Cu(s) (reduction half-reaction)

Figure 1.2 A zinc–copper voltaic cell

6
 The first half-reaction, in which a species loses electrons, is the oxidation half
reaction. The electrode at which oxidation occurs is called the anode. The
second half-reaction, in which a species gains electrons, is the reduction half-
reaction. The electrode at which reduction occurs is called the cathode. These
definitions of anode and cathode hold for all electrochemical cells, including
electrolytic cells.

To simplify cell descriptions, a short hand electrochemical notation or cell

diagram is often used. The cell is abbreviated as

Zn/Zn+(aq)//Cu2+(aq)/Cu

In this cell notation,

 Oxidation at the anode is written to the left.

 Reduction at the cathode is written at the right.
 A single vertical line (/) indicates a phase boundary, such as that between a
solid electrode and an aqueous solution.
 A double vertical line (//) indicates a salt bridge or other means of separating
the half cells.

Note that the sum of the two half-reactions

Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq)  Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)

is the net reaction that occurs in the voltaic cell; it is called the cell reaction. Once
you know which electrode is the anode and which is the cathode, you can determine
the direction of electron flow in the external portion of the circuit. Electrons are given
up by the anode (from the oxidation half-reaction) and thus flow from it, whereas
electrons are used up by the cathode (by the reduction half-reaction) and so flow into
this electrode. The anode in a voltaic cell has a negative sign, because electrons flow
from it. The cathode in a voltaic cell has a positive sign. Look again at Figure 19.3b
and note the labeling of the electrodes as anode and cathode; also note the direction
of electron flow in the external circuit and the signs of the electrodes. Note to the
migration of ions in the solutions. The following example further illustrates these
points about a voltaic cell.

What’s More
Directions: Write the cell reactions for the given cell diagram. Identify and write the
half reaction that occurs in the anode and in the cathode

a. Cu(s)/Cu2+(aq)// Fe2+(aq)/Fe(s)
b. Ag(s)/Ag+(aq)// Mg2+/ Mg(s)
c. Cd/Cd+2(aq) // Sb+3 / Sb(s)

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 What I have Learned

Do what is required!

If you were to construct a wet cell and decided to replace the salt bridge with a piece
of copper wire, would the cell produce a sustainable current? Explain your answer.
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What I Can Do

Direction: Read the given problem below and do what is required in each letter to
identify the reaction occurring in the different parts of the cell.

A voltaic cell is constructed from a half-cell in which a cadmium rod dips into a
solution of cadmium nitrate, Cd (NO3)2, and another half-cell in which a silver rod
dips into a solution of silver nitrate, AgNO3. The two half-cells are connected by a
salt bridge. Silver ion is reduced during operation of the voltaic cell.

a. Draw a sketch of the cell.

b. Label the anode and cathode, showing the corresponding half reactions at
these electrodes.
c. Indicate the electron flow in the external circuit (with a lightbulb), the signs of
the electrodes, and the direction of cation migration in the half-cells.

8
 Cell Potential, Oxidation
Lesson
Potential and Reduction
2
Potential

What’s In

Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on the space provided.

In an electrochemical cell, the _______________ may either produce or require

electrical energy. _______________ takes place at the anode while ______________ takes
place in the cathode. A _____________ is an electrochemical cell where the chemical
energy from a spontaneous redox reaction is converted to electrical energy.

Electrode _____________ describe the processes at the electrodes. A

_____________ connects the two half cells and maintain the electrical neutrality of the
cell.

What is New
Electrical engineers design and develop equipment and apparatus for the
transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The circuitry they develop may be
used to run appliances, automobiles, or large scale industrial and commercial
processes. Electrical engineers are also involved in the installation and maintenance
of these electrical devices.

Electronic engineers, on the other hand design and develop electronic

equipment and devices that involve decision making abilities or logic circuit such as
the motherboard in a computer. The circuits are used in automation, computer and
communications systems such as cellphones, television, radar and other
telecommunication devices. Both fields involve using electricity and electrical and
electronic components to run devices and machines. The design and development of
all these materials employ the principles of electricity, electromagnetism and
electrochemistry.

9
 What is It

Standard Reduction Potential

Reduction potential is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to be

reduced or to gain electrons while oxidation potential is the tendency of a chemical
species to be oxidized or to give electrons. Inorder to compare the potential of one
half-cell with another, it is necessary to measure all potentials under standard
conditions. This is due to the fact that several factors affect cell potential such as the
nature of reaction in each half-cell, concentration of reactants and products in
solution, pressure of gaseous substances and temperature. Hence, measurement is
done under these standard conditions:
 Solids and liquids are present in their standard states.
 Solution concentration is 1 M
 Temperature is 25 ℃ or 298 𝐾
 Pressure is 1 atm or 1 bar

A cell potential measured under these conditions is called standard cell

potential. Standard reduction potential, denoted E°red, is the reduction potential
measured at standard conditions, and the unit is volt., V. The superscript ° indicates
standard conditions. For the same chemical species, the standard reduction
potential has the same magnitude as the standard oxidation potential, but opposite
in sign. For example, the standard reduction potential at 25° for the reaction
Zn+2(aq, 1 M) + 2e- → Zn(s) E°reduction = -0.762 V

To obtain the standar oxidation potential, consider the reverse reaction and
change the sign.
Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq, 1M) + 2e- E°oxidation = + 0.762 V

Therefore ;
E°oxidation = - E°reduction
The cell potential is the difference between two electrodes potentials. The
potential difference between the two electrodes of a galvanic cell provides the driving
force that pushes the electrons through the external circuit. Since E° cell is measured
in volts, it may also be called cell voltage or cell emf/electromotive force. Note,
however that cell voltage has a magnitude but no sign.

The cell potential, E° cell is given by the standard reduction potential of the
cathode reaction, E°red (cathode) minus the standard reduction potential at the
anode, E°red (anode).

10
 E° cell = E°reduction(cathode) - E°reduction(anode)

Or it can be obtained by using the equation;

E° cell = E°reduction(cathode) + E°oxidation(anode)

What’s More

Identification. Identify the word/s being described in each item. Write your
answer in the space provided.
______________ 1. It is obtained by subtracting from the cathode half reaction the
anode half reaction.
______________ 2. It is the cell potential measured when the concentration of each
ion in the solution is 1 M and the pressure of all gases in the reaction is 1 atm.
______________ 3. It is the potential difference of the anode from the cathode.
______________ 4. It is the measure of the tendency of a chemical species to be
reduced or to gain electrons.
______________ 5. A hypothetical reaction that shows only the oxidation or reduction
reaction.

What I have Learned

Two of the emerging technologies in reducing automobile emission are electric

cars and hydrogen fuel cars. Both work by converting chemical energy to electrical
energy then to mechanical energy. However, electric cars require charging stations,
while hydrogen fuel cars require refilling stations. Which technology do you think is
better?
Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of electric cars and hydrogen
fuel cars.

Advantages Disadvantages

Electric Cars

Hydrogen Fuel Cars

11
 What I Can Do

Explain the concept behind maintenance-free battery.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery. Choose the
letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper and
submit a copy of it to your subject teacher.

1. What do you call the electrode where oxidation takes place?

a. Salt bridge c. Contacting medium
b. Cathode d. Anode

2. This is the potential difference between anode and cathode

a. Electromotive cell c. Electromotive force
b. Cell voltage d. SHE

3. It is the sum of the standard potential oxidation potential and the standard
reduction potential.
a. Standard oxidation potential c. Standard reduction potential
b. Standard electromotive force d. Standard hydrogen electrode

4. What is the overall cell reaction of a galvanic cell with the following half reactions?
Oxidation half reaction: 2I- → I2 + 2e-
Reduction half reaction: Cl2 + 2e- → 2Cl-
a. Cl2 + I2 → 2Cl- + 2I- c. I2 + 2Cl- → 2I- + Cl2
b. 2Cl + 2I- → Cl2 + I2 d. 2I- + Cl2 → I2 + 2Cl-

5. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a galvanic cell?

a. Oxidation occurs at the anode.
b. Electrons are gained at the cathode.
c. Electrons flow from the cathode to the anode.
d. A salt bridge maintain the neutrality of the cell.

12
6.Reactions in voltaic cells are
a. spontaneous, redox reactions
b. non-spontaneous, redox reactions
c. spontaneous, non-redox reactions
d. non-spontaneous, non-redox reactions

7. In which direction does electricity flow in a voltaic cell (battery)?

a. Electrons flow from the cathode to the anode
b. Electrons flow from left to right
c. Electrons flow from anode to cathode
d. Electrons flow from right to left

8.Which of the following is TRUE about cell potential?

a. It is the sum of the oxidation and reduction potentials
b. It is the average of the oxidation and reduction potentials.
c. It is the reduction potential multiplied by the oxidation potential.
d. It is the difference between the reduction and oxidation potentials.

9. This is the conducting medium where cations and anions move from one electrode
to the other electrode.
a. Salt Bridge c. Contacting medium
b. Cathode d. Anode

10.Metal A is more reactive than metal B. Which statement is CORRECT?

a. Electrons flow in the external circuit from A to B

b. Positive ions flow through salt bridge from A to B
c. Positive ions flow in external circuit from B to A.
d. Electrons flow through salt bridge from B to A

13
 Additional Activities

ELEVATE ME! Make an essay on how Lithium-Ion Battery revolutionizes our daily
living.

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 15
What’s More
1. Cell reaction
2. Standard cell
potential What I Know
3. Cell potential
4. Reduction potential 1. b
5. Half reaction Assessment 2. a
3. c
1. d 4. a
What’s In 2. c 5. c
6. a
3. b
1. Redox reaction 7. a
4. d 8. a
2. Oxidation 5. c
3. Reduction 9. c
6. a 10.c
4. Galvanic cell 7. c
5. Half Reaction 8. a
6. Salt bridge 9. a
10. a
Answer Key
References
Ayson, M.F. and R.S. De Borja. 2016. General Chemistry 2 Textbook for Senior High
School Department of Education

Bayquen, Aristea V. and Peña, Gardee T.(2016). General Chemistry 2. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Ebbing, & Gammon. (2017). General Chemistry. Boston, USA: Cegage Learning.

Government Publication
 Science and Technology Worktext for Grade 10, K to 12 Edition.

Online
 http://ths.sps.lane.edu/chemweb/unit4/problems/phasedia/index.htm
 http://www.columbia.edu/itc/chemistry/environmental/lectures/week2.pdf
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/phase-diagram-for-
water/
 https://www.rcboe.org/cms/lib/GA01903614/Centricity/Domain/1951/He
ating%20and%20Cooling%20Curves%20new.pdf

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