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    CONCLUSION

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    Xyrelle Navarro
    Carbohydrates serve important roles in living organisms. They function as energy stores, building blocks of nucleic acids like RNA and DNA, and structural components of cell walls. Carbohydrates are also linked to many proteins and lipids, mediating interactions between cells and their environment. Qualitative tests can identify carbohydrates and distinguish between types based on color reactions. Common tests include Molisch's test, Bial's Orcinol test, and Seliwanoff's test. Carbohydrates provide a primary source of energy for the human body and are made up of sugar units bonded together. Glucose is the main form of stored energy, while starch and glycogen are polymers that also store glucose in plants

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    CONCLUSION

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    Xyrelle Navarro
    2K views1 page
    Carbohydrates serve important roles in living organisms. They function as energy stores, building blocks of nucleic acids like RNA and DNA, and structural components of cell walls. Carbohydrates are also linked to many proteins and lipids, mediating interactions between cells and their environment. Qualitative tests can identify carbohydrates and distinguish between types based on color reactions. Common tests include Molisch's test, Bial's Orcinol test, and Seliwanoff's test. Carbohydrates provide a primary source of energy for the human body and are made up of sugar units bonded together. Glucose is the main form of stored energy, while starch and glycogen are polymers that also store glucose in plants

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    Carbohydrates serve important roles in living organisms. They function as energy stores, building blocks of nucleic acids like RNA and DNA, and structural components of cell walls. Carbohydrates are also linked to many proteins and lipids, mediating interactions between cells and their environment. Qualitative tests can identify carbohydrates and distinguish between types based on color reactions. Common tests include Molisch's test, Bial's Orcinol test, and Seliwanoff's test. Carbohydrates provide a primary source of energy for the human body and are made up of sugar units bonded together. Glucose is the main form of stored energy, while starch and glycogen are polymers that also store glucose in plants

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2K views1 page

    CONCLUSION

    Uploaded by

    Xyrelle Navarro
    Carbohydrates serve important roles in living organisms. They function as energy stores, building blocks of nucleic acids like RNA and DNA, and structural components of cell walls. Carbohydrates are also linked to many proteins and lipids, mediating interactions between cells and their environment. Qualitative tests can identify carbohydrates and distinguish between types based on color reactions. Common tests include Molisch's test, Bial's Orcinol test, and Seliwanoff's test. Carbohydrates provide a primary source of energy for the human body and are made up of sugar units bonded together. Glucose is the main form of stored energy, while starch and glycogen are polymers that also store glucose in plants

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    IV.

    CONCLUSION

    Carbohydrates are aldehyde or ketone compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups. They make up
    most of the organic matter on Earth because of their extensive roles in all forms of life. First,
    carbohydrates serve as energy stores, fuels, and metabolic intermediates. Second, ribose and
    deoxyribose sugars form part of the structural framework of RNA and DNA. Third, polysaccharides are
    structural elements in the cell walls of bacteria and plants. In fact, cellulose, the main constituent of
    plant cell walls, is one of the most abundant organic compounds in the biosphere. Fourth, carbohydrates
    are linked to many proteins and lipids, where they play key roles in mediating interactions among cells
    and interactions between cells and other elements in the cellular environment.

    However, these six tests can be performed for the qualitative analysis of carbohydrates.
    Presence of carbohydrates can be confirmed qualitatively by several tests. Due to the presence of
    different numbers of sugar units specific carbohydrates exhibit typical color reactions that form the basis
    for their identification. The first test which is the Molisch’s test gives positive reaction for all
    carbohydrates and is based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by Sulphuric acid to produce an
    aldehyde, which condenses with two molecules of α-naphthol, resulting in appearance of a purple ring
    at the interface. The Bial’s Orcinol test, on the other hand, distinguished between a pentose and hexose
    and thus contains orcinol in concentrated HCl with a small amount of FeCl3 catalyst and forms a blue-
    green product. The Seliwanoff’s test, on the other hand, is used to distinguish between ketoses
    (contains ketone group) and aldoses (contains aldehyde group) and thus ketoses are more rapidly
    dehydrated than aldoses when heated and forms a red product. The Benedict’s test, on the other hand,
    wherein the copper ions will attract the electrons from the aldehyde or ketone group changing the
    charged copper ions to a neutral metal and the Copper ions are blue in color whereas copper metal is
    orange and thus blue color indicates no change. The Barfoed’s test, on the other hand, is used to
    distinguish between reducing monosaccharides and disaccharides which contains cupric ions in an acidic
    solution and thus shows the presence of a monosaccharide resulting in a red precipitate. Lastly, the
    Phenylhydrazine, is used to identify and differentiate sugars encountered in clinical practice and can also
    be used to identify reducing sugar and if it reacts with the carbonyl group of the sugar, it will result then
    in the formation of phenylhydrazone and the osazone.

    Therefore, carbohydrates are the main energy source for the human body. Chemically,
    carbohydrates are organic molecules in which carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen bond together in the ratio:
    Cx(H2O)y, where x and y are whole numbers that differ depending on the specific carbohydrate to which
    we are referring. Animals (including humans) break down carbohydrates during the process of
    metabolism to release energy. All carbohydrates are made up of units of sugar (also called saccharide
    units). Simple sugars are sweet in taste and are broken down quickly in the body to release energy. Two
    of the most common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Glucose is the primary form of sugar
    stored in the human body for energy. Starch is the principal polysaccharide used by plants to store
    glucose for later use as energy. Glycogen, another polymer of glucose, is the polysaccharide used by
    animals to store energy. Excess glucose is bonded together to form glycogen molecules. Both starch and
    glycogen are polymers of glucose; however, starch is a long, straight chain of glucose units, whereas
    glycogen is a branched chain of glucose units.

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