Drives: Electric Motor

Drives
The systems which control the motion of the electrical machines, are
known as electrical drives. A typical drive system is assembled with
a electric motor and a sophisticated control system that controls the
rotation of the motor shaft.
Classification of Electrical
Drives
Electrical Drives are classified into two types based on supply namely AC drives &
DC drives.
Electrical Drives are classified into two types based on running speed namely
Constant speed drives & changeable speed drives.
Electrical Drives are classified into two types based on a number of motors
namely Single motor drives & multi-motor drives.
Electrical Drives are classified into two types based on control parameter namely
stable torque drives & stable power drives.
Advantages of Electrical Drives
• Enough overload capacity without loss of life of machine.
• Four quadrant operation.
• Modifiable torque-speed characteristics.
• No requirement of warming up period.
• Higher efficiency.
• Easy control.
• Clean operation, no pollution.
• Wide range of speed control
Disadvantages of Electrical Drive
•It can cause noise pollution.

•The initial cost of the system is high.
•It has a poor dynamic response.
• The output power obtained from the drive is low.
• During the breakdown of conductors or short circuit, the system may get damaged
due to which several problems occur.
Applications
• The main application of this drive is electric traction which means
transportation of materials from one location to another location. The
different types of electric tractions mainly include electric trains,
buses, trolleys, trams, and solar-powered vehicles inbuilt with
battery.
• Electrical drives are extensively used in the huge number of
domestic as well as industrial applications which includes motors,
transportation systems, factories, textile mills, pumps, fans, robots,
etc.
• These are used as main movers for petrol or diesel engines, turbines
like gas otherwise steam, motors like hydraulic & electric.
Block Diagram
Power Source
The power source offers the necessary energy for the system. And both
the converter and the motor interfaces by the power source to provide
changeable voltage, frequency and current to the motor.
The power modulator regulates the output power of the source. It
controls the power from the source to the motor in such a manner that
motor transmits the speed-torque characteristic required by the load.
During the transient operations like starting, braking and speed

reversing the excessive current drawn from the source. This excessive
current drawn from the source may overload it or may cause a voltage
drop. Hence the power modulator restricts the source and motor
current.
The power modulator converts the energy according to the requirement

of the motor e.g. if the source is DC and an induction motor is used then
power modulator convert DC into AC.
It also selects the mode of operation of the motor, i.e., motoring or

braking.
Motor
The electric motor intended for the specific application can
be chosen by believing various features such as price,
reaching the level of power & performance necessary by the
load throughout the stable state as well as active operations.
Load
The mechanical load can be decided by the environment of the industrial

process & the power source can be decided by an available source at the
place.
Control Unit
The control unit is mainly used to control the power modulator, and this
modulator can operate at power levels as well as small voltage. And it also
works the power modulator as preferred. This unit produces the rules for the
safety of the motor as well as power modulator. The i/p control signal
regulates the drive’s working point from i/p toward the control unit.
Sensing Unit
The sensing unit in the block diagram is used to sense the particular drive
factor such as speed, motor current. This unit is mainly used for the
operation of closed loop otherwise protection.

Drives: Electric Motor

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Drives

•It can cause noise pollution.

During the transient operations like starting, braking and speed

The power modulator converts the energy according to the requirement

It also selects the mode of operation of the motor, i.e., motoring or

The mechanical load can be decided by the environment of the industrial

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