Creative Writing: Quarter 1 - Module 1: Imagery, Diction and Figures of Speech

12
Creative Writing
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Imagery, Diction
and Figures of Speech
Grade 12-Creative Writing

Competency: Use imagery, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences to evoke
meaningful responses from readers (HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Ia-b-4)
Creative Writing – Grade 12
English Learning Kit
Imagery, Diction and Figures of Speech
First Edition, 2020
Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Western Visayas
Duran St., Iloilo City
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to be utilized by DepEd Region VI - Western Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

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without written permission from the Department of Education - Region VI.
Development Team of English Learning Kit
Writers: Ismael, Jr. B. Sibag Marjorie M. Edang
Illustrators: Armand Glenn S. Lapor Mark T. Dasa

John Bermudo Joven Velasco
Layout Artists: Armand Glenn S. Lapor Ricky T. Salabe

Jun Victor F. Bactan Agustin T. Estoque
Leopoldo P. Quiñon Jr.
Division Quality Assurance Team:

Lilibeth E. Larupay Ruby Therese P. Almencion
Armand Glenn S. Lapor Agustin T. Estoque
Rita M. Bertomo Reyjean C. Porras
Leopoldo P. Quiñon Jr., Ismael, Jr. B. Sibag
Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma Dr. Josilyn S. Solana

Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga Donald T. Genine
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Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr. Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque
Dr. Azucena T. Falales Ruben S. Libutaque
Lilibeth E. Larupay Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion

Introductory Message
Welcome to Grade 12 Creative Writing.
The English Learning Kit is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Department of Education Western Visayas writers, illustrators, layout artists,
reviewers, editors, and Quality Assurance Team from the Region VI. This is
developed to guide you dear learning facilitators in helping our learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum.
The English Learning Kit aims to guide our learners in accomplishing

activities at their own pace and time. This also aims to assist learners in developing
and achieving the lifelong learning skills while considering their needs and situations.
For the learning facilitator:
The English Learning Kit is developed to address the current needs of the
learner to continue learning in the comforts of their homes or learning centers. As the
learning facilitator, make sure that you give them clear instructions on how to study
and accomplish the given activities in the material. Learner’s progress must be
monitored.
For the learner:
The English Learning Kit is developed to help you, dear learner, in your
needs to continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material aims
to primarily provide you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent
learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand to follow the
instructions given.

Imagery, Diction, and Figures of Speech
BEGIN
This century demands you to

acquire skills and one of these is
Creativity. This higher order thinking
skill is developed in different forms. In
this specialized subject, you will hone
your creativity through writing, thus the
name of the subject.
Your being creative in writing is
an art. The use of imagery, diction and
figures of speech is necessary in
making your work a creative one.
Imagery, diction, and figures of speech
make your work more interesting
without sacrificing the clarity of
message you want to convey. More
importantly, effective use of the three
will help you evoke meaningful
responses from the readers.
Enjoy learning as you translate
and savor the beauty of our world
through writing!
TARGET
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

a. define imagery, diction and figure of speech;
b. identify sample imagery, levels of diction and types of figures of speech;
c. analyze sample text; and
d. write a paragraph about one’s experiences considering imagery, proper
diction and figures of speech.
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Competency: Use imagery, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences to
evoke meaningful responses from readers (HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Ia-b-4)
TRY THIS
Activity 1: PRIOR KNOWLEDGE CHECK
Directions: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write your answers in your
Creative Writing notebook.
1. What imagery is used in the line below?

The night was black as ever, but bright stars lit up the sky in beautiful and
varied constellations.
A. auditory B. olfactory C. tactile D. visual
2. What figure of speech is used in the phrase as tall as a mountain?
A. irony B. metaphor C. paradox D. simile
3. What figure of speech is the phrase old news?
A. consonance B. irony C. oxymoron D. paradox
4. Sweetness and bitterness are examples of what type of imagery?

A. auditory B. gustatory C. tactile D. visual
5. What do you call the style of speaking or writing which is determined by the
choice of words by a speaker or a writer?
A. diction B. formal language C. stylistics D. word choice
6. Which is of the following is a synecdoche?
A. Wheels – referring to a car
B. It is just a scratch – referring to a large dent
C. It is sometimes dry and sandy - referring to the driest desert in the world
D. The weather is a little cooler today - referring to sub-zero temperatures
7. Which of the following is true about figures of speech?

A. They help a text become complicated. C. They confuse one’s imagination.
B. They add color to the text. D. They decrease interest of the text.
8. What figure of speech refers to imaginative comparison of two unlike objects

belonging to different classes?
A. assonance B. irony C. metaphor D. simile
9. What type of imagery is present in this sentence, “Silence was broken by the
peal of piano keys as the students practice for the ASEAN presentation.”?
A. auditory B. gustatory C. olfactory D. visual
10. What level of language uses words which are common to everyday speech?
A. colloquial B. formal C. informal D. slang
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DO THIS
Activity 2: SHOW ME
Directions: Describe the following using either words and phrases. Write your
answers in your CW notebook.
1. Your best friend

2. Your favorite food
3. Your favorite music
4. Your favorite perfume
5. Your feeling when you are playing your favorite sports
Activity 3: CONTEXT, PLEASE?
Directions: Look at the illustrations below. Imagine that you are the one talking.
Write the line/s you are going to say about the given situation in your
Creative Writing notebook.
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________
You are talking to your best You are informing your teacher
friend about the person you that you will take a scholarship
admire. exam the next day.
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Activity 4: SKETCH TIME!
Directions: Draw one of the following phrases in your Creative Writing notebook.
1. Wind whispering your ears
2. Stars smiling at you
3. Chicken-hearted fellow
4. Woman as beautiful as a fairy
5. Man with a fist of rock
EXPLORE
E
Amazing! You are done with the
series of warm up activities. You have
started to ignite your creative mind. Now,
let us continue by answering the questions
below in your Creative Writing notebook:
Activity 5: PROCESS LIKE A PRO

Directions: Answer the following questions in your CW Activity notebook.
A. Refer to Activity 2. Show Me

1. How do you feel describing those things?
2. What you use in describing those things?
3. Were you able to convey images of these things in someone’s mind while
describing? How?
B. Refer to Activity 3. Context, Please?

1. What kind of words did you use in each situation?
2. What did you consider in responding in the situations?
3. Which of the situations uses formal or less formal language? Explain.
C. Refer to Activity 4. Sketch Time!

1. What did you draw? Describe it.
2. Why did you present the idea conveyed in the phase that way?
3. What have you noticed about the phrases in the in the DO THIS part?
4. Are these phrases to be taken literally? Why?
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KEEP THIS IN MIND
Great! Because you have successfully

done the previous activities, you are now
directed to our discussion. Enjoy reading the
concepts about Imagery, Diction and Figures
of Speech.
Writing creatively would mean activating the minds and imagination of the
readers effectively. One can tell that a literary piece like poem, essay, or a story is
effective when it is made to evoke meaningful responses and ideas from readers.
These responses or ideas can be best expressed using imagery, figurative
languages, and proper diction. These three are very essential for one to convey his
or her feelings and ideas creatively.
What is an Imagery?
Imagery is a descriptive language used to appeal to reader’s senses: touch,

smell, taste, sound, and sight. This language makes the work interesting.
The following are the types of imagery:
1. Visual Imagery – appeals to your sense of sight.
Ex: The crimson fruit glistening on the tree delights me.
2. Auditory Imagery – appeals to your sense of hearing.
Ex: The melodious chirping of birds awakens me every morning.
3. Olfactory Imagery. This appeals to your sense of smell.
Ex: The sweet scent of sampaguita on her newly washed fabrics made
the ambience more calming.
4. Gustatory Imagery appeals to your sense of taste.
Ex: The sweet and sour flavor of Chef Merly’s chicken satisfied our craving
taste buds.
5. Tactile Imagery appeals to your sense of touch.
Ex: The warmth of the sun that caresses her skin made her feel a little
more alive than ever.
Among many tools of writers, few are as important as imagery- words and
phrases that re-create sensory experiences for the reader. Although Shakespeare
often addresses philosophical themes in his sonnets, he breathes life into his ideas
by evoking sights, sounds, smell, and textures.
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Activity 6: IMAGE’S MESSAGE
Directions: Read the following sonnet and look for language that appeals to your
senses. Use the table below to identify the ideas or emotions that are
conveyed through these images as used in the poem. Write your
answers in your Creative Writing notebook.
Sonnet 18
by William Shakespeare
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometimes declines,
By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st.
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Words/ Phrases that appeal to senses Idea or Emotion Conveyed
Rough winds Summer weather is not always fine.
After analyzing the poem, answer the following questions in your Creative
Writing notebook.
1. According to the speaker, what makes the subject of the poem immortal in
lines 13-14?
2. What is generally described in the poem?
3. What images does Shakespeare use to illustrate why summer is less

temperate, or moderate, than the subject of the poem?
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Activity 7: IMAGINATION AT WORK
Directions: Imagine you are in the place as shown in the photo below. Write one
sentence for each type of imagery about your possible experience.
Sunset by Breadjet S. Ang
1.Visual Imagery - ____________________________________________ .
2. Auditory Imagery - ____________________________________________ .

3. Olfactory Imagery - ____________________________________________ .
4. Gustatory Imagery - ____________________________________________ .
5. Tactile Imagery - ____________________________________________ .

DICTION
What is Diction?
Anon (2018) defined diction as a style of speaking or writing which is
determined by the choice of words. What makes a text a good one or a bad one is
the choice of words used by the author. Thus, diction separates a good writing from
a bad writing.1
Proper diction depends on several factors. Firstly, the word must be correct
and accurate. Secondly, words should be appropriate to the context in which they
are used. Lastly, the choice of words should be such that the listener or reader
understands easily.
One reason why a communication process becomes successful or not is
because of diction. Proper diction is important so readers and listeners could get the
message across. On the other hand, the wrong choice of words can easily confuse
listeners or readers or divert them with what you intend to mean. This eventually
1
anon. ―Diction - Examples and Definition of Diction.‖ Literary Devices, 11 Jan. 2018,
literarydevices.net/diction/.
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results in misinterpretation of the message intended to be conveyed and generally in
miscommunication.
Anon (ND) wrote Four Types of Diction2:
1. Formal diction. This uses words in formal situations such as press conferences
and presentations.
2. Informal diction. This uses words and conversation such as writing or talking to
friends.
For you to understand how formal and informal diction affects the message,
consider the examples below:
Formal: Hello, young man. It is nice to see you. How are you today?
Informal: Hey, kid. Nice to meet ya. What's up?
In the first example, the speaker uses longer words such as "pleasure" and
"acquaintance" as well as longer sentences. By contrast, the informal speaker uses
words like "kid", slang like "ya" and very short sentences. Though both examples
convey the same information, they do so with different levels of formality.
Formal: The man spoke to his father in a low voice so others could not hear.
Informal: That guy told his dad secrets on the down low.
Formal: Would you care to explain the reason behind your decision to leave
the gathering early?
Informal: Why'd you leave the party so soon?
Formal: His terrible temper would not endear him to many if he refuses to
control her outbursts.
Informal: If he doesn't stop biting people's heads off, he'll lose all her pals.
3. Colloquial diction. This uses words common in everyday speech which may be
different in different regions or communities.
A. Words:
Anon (2015) also emphasized on regional differences: One famous colloquial
difference in the United States is the way a someone refers to a carbonated
beverage. There are regional borders that separate the usage of the words ―soda‖,
―pop‖, ―soft drink‖, and ―Coke‖ (used as a generic term and not just to refer to the
brand). 3
2
―Diction Example,‖ accessed September 21, 2020, https://examples.yourdictionary.com/diction-
examples.html.
3
―Colloquialism,‖ accessed September 21, 2020, http://www.literarydevices.com/colloquialism/.
8
1. Contractions: Words such as ―ain’t‖ and ―gonna‖ are examples of
colloquialism. These are not widely used in English
speaking countries.
2. Profanity: Some words are considered profane in some dialects of
English where they are not at all bad in other dialects. A
good example is the word ―bloody‖ which is a common
adjective in American English; but in British English it means
curse.
B. Phrases:
Old as the hills
Eat my dust
C. Aphorisms:
I was not born yesterday.
To see is to believe
4. Slang diction. This is the use of words that are newly coined, or even
impolite. Also, it is a language peculiar to a group of people.
Anon (ND) stated that one of the characteristics of slang is that it changes
through time. Here are the examples of modern slang terms 4:
A. Bae: A term of endearment, meaning "before anyone else," used between

romantic partner that can also be used between close friends
Ex: "Bae, you always be my number one."
B. Basic: A put-down describing someone or something that's very common

or a conformist.
Ex: "Those game techniques are so basic. Playing ML is not
thrilling without those.
C. Coin: Another way to refer to money.

Ex: "She's earned a lot of coin by just selling online."
D. Epic: If somewhat was "epic," it was highly enjoyable.

Ex: "His latest movie was epic."
E. Fierce: Usually attributed to Beyoncé, "fierce" signifies a strong,

independent person.
Ex: "I love him to death. He’s so fierce!"
F. Lit: If something is "lit," it means it's super cool or "on fire."
4
―30 Examples of Slang Words,‖ accessed September 21, 2020,
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/20-examples-of-slang-language.html.
9
Ex: "The Senior High ball was so lit."
G. Low key: If someone or something is "low key," it means it's being

done under the radar or they don't want anyone to know.
Ex: "I low key love KPOP, but don't tell anyone!"
H. On point: Outstanding, perfectly executed.

Ex: "Her ideas are on point. She’s so brilliant."
I. Woke: Slang for "awakened," as in being highly aware of social injustices.

Ex: "If you're so woke, why did you just let it happen?"
J. YOLO: An acronym for "you only live once," encouraging people to

seize the day.
Ex: "Live each day like it is your last. YOLO!
Common Errors in Diction and Usage
Allen (2010) stated that diction also includes both vocabulary (individual
words) and syntax (the order or arrangement of words. It is then important to know
the different words which are commonly mistaken in usage. This can be a guide for
one to have an enriched and grammatically correct well-written pieces.5
Rico-Lopez et al. (ND) enumerated some words which are often misused:6
1. Acquire, obtain, procure. We acquire something that is retained more or

less permanently. Anything enjoyed temporarily is
obtained or procured.
Ex: Khian acquired his assets through business.

Is it easy obtain a loan in times of pandemic?
We need to procure materials for building construction.
2. Adapt, adept, adopt. To adapt is ―to change or adjust in order to deal with a
new condition or to make more suitable.‖ Adept means
―good at something‖; handy; skillful. To adopt is ―to take
or use one’s own: to endorse.‖
Ex: The transferee adapts to his new environment easily.

Jed Madela is adept in singing.
5
Janet Allen. Holt McDOUGAL. Literature (British Literature) (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company,
2010), R109.
6
Merna Rico-Lopez, Study &Thinking Skills in English (M. Malones Printing Press), 394-412.
10
The researcher adopted the instrument of Howard Gardner in Multiple
Intelligence test.
3. Advice, advise. Advice is a noun; advise is a verb. In business

correspondence jargon advise is often misused to express
some shading of ―inform‖.
Ex: I followed her advice to enroll in a public school.

He advised me to enroll in public school.
4. Affect, effect. Affect (v.) means ―to have an influence on, to effect a change.‖
Effect, as a noun means ―result‖; as a verb, it means ―to bring
about, accomplish, and produce‖.
Ex: COVID-19 pandemic affects people’s lives worldwide.

Being positive in times of pandemic has an effect in one’s life. (used as
noun)
5. All ready, already. All ready means ―all set, all prepared‖; already, means
―previously or by the designated time.‖
Ex: All activities for this year’s gathering were all ready few weeks before the
schedule of the event.
The president has already approved the date of opening of classes.
6. Almost, nearly. These two adverbs suggest different meanings. Use

almost to suggest the ending of an act, nearly for its beginning.
Ex: We have almost finished everything when the rain came.

The driver nearly hit the fence.
7. Also, too. Do not use also or too in a negative sentence. Instead, use either.
Ex: Jane has not delivered the piece well also (or too). (wrong)
Jane has not delivered the piece well either.
8. Among, between. Use among for more than two, between for two.
Ex: Among the provinces in Panay, Iloilo has the highest number of business
establishments.
Between the two brothers, Frits is smarter.
9. Anticipate, expect. Anticipate is stronger than expect or foresee. It means ―to

take beforehand, to forestall, or to get ahead of.‖ The
second meaning of anticipate is ―to look forward to,‖
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usually implying approval or enjoyment. Use expect to
mean a simple expectation.
Ex: They anticipated to rain.

She expected her classmate to greet her.
10. Ashamed, shy, embarrassed. It is improper to use ―ashamed of‖ in the

meaning of ―shy.‖ Use ashamed of, not
ashamed from.
Ex. She is shy of (or embarrassed of) her friend. (correct)
She is ashamed of her friend. (wrong)
He is now ashamed of his action. (correct)
11. Assure, ensure, insure. To assure is to guarantee or to state something

confidently to convince somebody that you are saying
the truth, or something will happen or to provide for a
certainty. Ensure implies a more impersonal process
of cause and effect. To insure means to guard against
possibility, such as risk or loss, usually by paying
money to an insurance company.
Ex. Our graduates are assured of getting a degree upon graduation.

To ensure success, you need to be diligent and patient.
Stop worrying; have your college education insured.
12. Beside, besides. Beside means ―alongside of‖; it can also mean ―other than‖
or ―aside from.‖ Besides means ―in addition to‖ or
―moreover‖.
Ex. Ishmael posed beside his newly-built apartment.

Your idea is beside the point.
I realize that I need something besides intelligence in order to succeed.
13. Cite, site, quote. Cite, a verb, means ―to mention.‖ Site, a noun, means
―location.‖ Use quote only when the exact language of the
source is given.
Ex. Atty. Marcoleta cited many examples to prove his argument.

The site of the new SM Mall looks small.
Did you quote the mayor’s inaugural speech?
14. Complement, compliment. A complement ―completes or brings to
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perfection.‖ It also means ―the full amount.‖ Use it
as a noun or a verb. Compliment (v. or n.) means
―praise.‖
Ex. Eggs and ham complement each other. (used as verb)
I do appreciate sincere compliments. (noun)
15. Cope with, cope up. Cope is an intransitive verb used with with. In formal
writing, one does not ―cope,‖ one ―copes with‖ something
or somebody. Cope up is incorrect.
Ex. I knew Jessie would cope with the situation.

The teacher made a way for students to cope with the online mode of
classes.
16. Emigrant, immigrant. Emigrants are individuals going out the country, and
immigrants are individuals coming into it.
Ex. Filipino emigrants help a lot in improving our economy.

Filipino immigrants in the States are hardworking.
17. Former, latter. Former means ―the first of two‖. Latter means ―the second
of two‖.
Ex. Jayvee and John Frances were student journalists. The former was
qualified for NSPC.
Jayvie and Jomel are the only remaining cartoonists in the school. The
latter is the older.
18. Imply, infer. To imply means to suggest or to hint something without

stating it directly. To infer means to draw a conclusion.
Ex. The teacher implied that the she is going to give an exam tomorrow.
The students inferred that the teacher will give the exam.
19. Oral, verbal. Oral means ―uttered by the mouth or spoken; verbal means in
words either spoken or written.
Ex. She told the story orally.

The president will inform the officers about the intervention verbally. She
will either announce it during Flag Ceremony or she will send a memo.
20. Repress, suppress. To repress means to prevent from being expressed.

To suppress means to put an end to something that is
already in existence.
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Ex. The journalists were repressed during Martial Law.
The pandemic was hard to suppress.
Activity 8: MODIFIED WORD SEARCH

Directions: Using the grid of letters below, look for the words in the box, four across
and six down. Write your answers in your CW Activity notebook.
G H I J L M T Q R S Z L P
C G F C D I C T I O N D K
S D I O T I O N C N S X Z
Z V E L M S N E Y U W R A
E T R L Q A T G X C N M W
A B C O F O R M A L N D V
E S E Q C G A Q M G D S Y
W G S U M A C R Y I W R S
D G K I D B T N A W B U R
T E W A E T I E P E R S W
B G P L F W O J H P O L Q
D A H Q U I N F O R M A L
N K K U G H Y P R W A N S
K B E G P D P Q I A N G F
Y L L V L O W R S D C Y H
R P D L E B L U M W E R D
U D R S A E A I P R P M W
ACROSS:
1. described as choice of words, often separates good writing from
poor writing
2. a type of diction used in classrooms and formal conferences
3. use informal words like talking to friends
4. informal term for ―young man‖
DOWN:
1. a modern slang usually attributed to Beyoncé which signifies a strong
independent person
2. uses words common in everyday speech which may be different in other
regions or cultural groups
3. doesn’t, aren’t and don’t are examples of _______________.
4.―You’re driving me up the wall.‖ is an example of ________________.
5. use of words that are newly coined
6. a combination of ―brother‖ and ―romance‖
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Activity 9: A-DICTION
Directions: Based on our lesson about diction, answer the following questions.
Write your responses in your CW notebook.
A. In children’s books Dr. Zeuss’ Green Eggs and Ham, he wrote
Do you like green eggs and ham?

I do not like them Sam-I-am. I do not like green eggs and ham.
Does the author consider the target audience in this couplet? Why or why not?
B. Considering diction, is the paragraph below a good one? Why?
Cherish your visions, cherish your ideals. Cherish the music that stirs in
your heart, the beauty that forms in your mind, the loveliness that drapes
your purest thoughts, for all of them will grow delightful conditions, all
heavenly environment; these, if you but remain true to them, your world
will at last be built.
-Excerpt from Visions and Ideals
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE/ FIGURE OF SPEECH

Sebranek (1996) stated that a figure of speech is a phrase or word having
different meanings than its literal meanings. It conveys meaning by identifying or
comparing one thing to another which has connotation. 7
The following are the examples of Figures of Speech:
FIGURES OF SPEECH DEFINITION EXAMPLE/S
Personification This occurs when writers How soon hath Time, the
give human traits to subtle thief of youth
inanimate objects.
Metaphor An expression that makes a My hasting days fly on with
comparison between two full career,
seemingly unlike things. But my late spring no bud or
blossom show’th
The Lord is my shepherd; I

shall not want.
Simile A figure of speech that uses She walks in beauty, like the
the word like or as to make a night
comparison Of cloudless climes and starry
between two unlike things skies;
-George Gordon, Lord Byron
7
Patrick Sebranek, Writers INC: A Student Handbook for Writing & Learning, (Great Source
Education Group Inc., 2006), 420–422.
15
Hyperbole An expression that greatly My vegetable love should
exaggerates facts and ideas grow
for humorous effect or for Vaster than empires and more
emphasis slow
-Andrew Marvell
Paradox A statement that seems That fire which all things
contradictory in ordinary melts, should harden ice:
experience but reveals the And ice which is congealed
hidden truth with senseless cold
-Sonnet 30,
Edmund Spencer
Allusion An indirect reference to a For thine is the Kingdom
person, place, event of a Between the conception
literary work with which the And the creating
author believes the reader Between the emotion
will be familiar
And the response
Falls the shadow
Synecdoche Occurs when a part is Wheels-car
represented by whole or Hired hands- workers
conversely
Oxymoron Two contradictory terms Peace force
used together Sweet sorrow
Metonymy The use of linked term to Pen stands for the written
stand in for an object or word.
concept Sword for military aggression
Pun The manipulation of words Whoever hath her wish, thou
that have more than one hast thy Will,
meaning, brings humor to the And Will to boot, and Will in
expression overplus
-Sonnet 135 by William
Shakespeare
Irony A contrast between the You are so beautiful. (when in
situation and what is reality, fact she is not beautiful).
a difference between the
surface meaning of
something that is said and
the underlying meaning
Activity 10: BOX-GAROO!

Direction: Fill out the boxes based on the codes presented below.
A-1 H-8 O-15 U-21

B-2 I-9 P-16 V-22
C-3 J-10 Q-17 W-23
D-4 K-11 R-18 X-24
16
E-5 L-12 S-19 Y-25
F-6 M-13 T-20 Z-26
G-7 N-14
1. An expression that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things.

13 5 20 1 16 8 15 18
2. A statement made emphatic by overstatement

8 25 16 5 18 2 15 12 5
3. An indirect reference to a person, place, event of a literary work with which the
author believes the reader will be familiar.
1 12 12 21 19 9 15 14
4. A figure of speech which combines two seemingly, contradictory words for sharp
emphasis or effect.
15 24 25 13 15 18 15 14
5. This consists of a play on the various meanings of a word.

16 21 14
6. It is a direct address to some inanimate thing or some abstract idea as if it were

living or present.
1 16 15 19 20 18 15 16 8 5
7. It is an attribution of personal nature, intelligence or character to inanimate objects

or abstract notions
16 5 18 19 15 14 9 6 9 3 1 20 9 15 14
8. This appears when two unlike things are explicitly compared. It is introduced by
words such as like, so, as etc.
19 9 13 9 12 5
9. A statement that seems contradictory in ordinary experience but actually reveals

the hidden truth.
16 1 18 1 4 15 24
10. This occurs when a part is represented by whole or conversely.

19 25 14 5 3 4 15 3 8 5
17
11. It is meant for a change of name. It is a substitute of the thing names for the thing
meant.
13 5 20 15 14 25 13 25
12. A contrast between the situation and what is reality. This can be a difference
between the surface meaning of something that is said and the underlying
meaning.
9 18 15 14 25
Activity 11: WRITE ME

Directions: Write sentences with figures of speech using the following words.
Answer in your CW notebook.
1. Rice fields - simile
2. Music - metaphor
3. Meriam Santiago - synecdoche
4. Mary Magdalene - allusion
5. Wind - personification
SUM UP
Congratulations! You have

accomplished a lot of activities and read
much about topics for Creative Writing. This
time, maybe you could say that learning
about Imagery, Diction and Figures of
Speech is a delightful task. Now, let us
recap important things you have learned.
Creative writing is a delightful task. It can help both teachers and learners to
experience things through words. It is therefore very important to learn about the
basic knowledge on the use of imagery, figurative languages and proper diction. This
would help in conveying clearer ideas to the readers and listeners. In this way,
interaction and communication would be more productive and effective.
Imagery is an author’s use of vivid and descriptive language to make a
literary text more colorful and appealing. This can be possible through using sensory
images to trigger and to deepen the reader’s understanding of a work. There are five
major types of imagery. (1) Visual imagery refers to graphics, visual scenes,
pictures, or the sense of sight. (2) Auditory imagery pertains to sounds, noise, music,
18
or sense of hearing. (3) Olfactory imagery refers to the sense of smell, odors,
aromas or scents. (4) Gustatory imagery pertains to the sense of taste and flavors.
(5) Tactile imagery refers to physical texture or sense of touch.
Diction can be determined by the choice of words of a speaker or writer. A
writer should see to it that the words he will use should be right and accurate,
appropriate to the context where they are used, and should be easily understood by
the listeners or readers. This has four major types. (1) Formal diction uses words
that are used in schools, press conferences and formal presentations. (2) Informal
diction is used when talking or writing to friends. (3) Colloquial uses words common
in everyday speech which may be different from other regions. (4) Slang diction is
the use of words that are newly coined. This is the language of peculiar group.
Figurative Language or figures of speech are essential ingredients in
writing. These are indirect and connotative language expressions. Some of the
figures of speech include:
 Simile  Allusion
`  Metaphor  Synecdoche
 Personification  Oxymoron
 Metonymy  Pun
 Hyperbole  Irony
 Paradox  apostrophe
APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
Activity 12: THINK FIRST

Directions: Answer the questions below in your CW activity notebook. Your responses
will help you come up with an effective output in the next activity.
1. How does imagery help your work more engaging?
2. How does proper diction able to evoke meaningful responses of your readers?
3. How will you effectively use figures of speech in your paragraph that could
help tickle your readers imagination and responses?
Activity 13: WRITE THE RIGHT WAY

Directions: Choose a topic below and write a paragraph about it. Apply what you
have learned in this chapter. You may use your experiences in
accomplishing this task. Do this in your notebook.
1. Your family
2. Your Journey as a Student
19
3. Your Dream Job
4. Technology
5. Online games
Paragraph Writing Rubrics

Category 4 3 2 1
The writer includes The writer The writer Includes no detail
details that appeal to includes details includes details that appeal to the
at least three of the that appeal to two that appeal to senses.
five senses that help senses. only one of the
Sensory readers draw picture five senses.
Details in their mind.
Writer uses vivid Writer uses vivid Writer uses Writer uses limited
words and phrases words and words that vocabulary in
which are accurately phrases which communicate presenting events
Word chosen and properly are accurately clearly but and the level of
Choice placed not forced in chosen but writing lacks language use
the sentence. occasionally variety. needs to be fitted
properly placed to the target
not forced in the readers.
sentence.
Writer effectively Writer uses one Writer tried to Writer did not use
uses figures of figure of speech use figure of figure of speech.
Figurative speech in his work. to describe the speech but not
Language subject. in an effective
way.
There are no errors There are errors There are errors There are many
in grammar, spelling, but these errors that confuse serious errors in
Mechanics capitalization or did not confuse or readers of the mechanics.
punctuation. distract readers. message of the
text.
REFLECT
Great job! You have accomplished all

the tasks in this lesson. After you have
greatly shown improvement, it is now time for
you to reflect on what you have learned.
20
Activity 14: THINK, RETHINK AND UNTHINK!
Directions: Accomplish the infographic. Write your answers in your CW notebook.
What have you learned, relearned and unlearned so far?
I LEARNED …
I HAVE RELEARNED…
I HAVE UNLEARNED…
21
LEARN MORE
Activity 15: EVALUATE ME

Directions: Evaluate the text using the following scoresheet. Your remarks should
be based on the question, Was the author able to evoke meaningful
response from you as a reader? Why and Why not?
Do this task in your CW Activity notebook.
Fortune on Wheels
They said the more, the merrier, but can you survive the hardship you can
get being a father of seven children and a good husband to a wife who has
illness when you are just a pedicab driver?
My father who is as hardworking as a carabao is the one who did
everything for our family who lived in a small nipa hut beside a wide rice field
together. All day long he worked as a pedicab driver, driving and finding
passengers with an unpredictable weather condition in order to gain income to
supply our family’s needs and in the evening. He provided us food to eat and
divided his income to our miscellaneous fees at school. He needs to work hard.
All of us were sent to school.
He once said that if he would be given a chance to have a better job, he
would go for it even though it means no resting. Sometimes he wants to give up
and blame God for all the bad things that happened to him but every time he
sees us burning midnight candle, he got inspired and all those negative vibes of
him are being washed away.
But who knows that being a pedicab driver can bring us to school and
success? Because of his hard work he has now children with flying colors. His
eldest child is now a professional teacher and the second is a registered nurse.
He also has a policeman and one of his children is taking up Marine Engineering.
He is so proud of us for the returned gifts we gave him. He humbly said that he
was so blessed of his children that they studied hard and helped each other in
order to lift us from poverty.
Originally written by a Creative Writing Learner
22
SCORESHEET
Title of the Text: ____________________________________________
Category Score
Sensory Details
Word Choice
Figurative Language
REMARKS:
Total Score:
Scoring
Sensory Details - 5pts
Word Choice - 5pts
Figurative Language - 5pts
Sensory Details
5 –The text includes excellent number of descriptors in the different sensory
details—gustatory, tactile, auditory, visual, and olfactory.
4 – The text includes details to at least three descriptors of the five senses.
3 – The text includes details to at least only a few descriptors of the five senses.
2 – The text includes details to only one the five senses.
1 – The text includes no details to any of the five senses.
Word Choice
5 – The text has precise, vivid and interesting word choices.
4 – The text has fairly precise interesting and used somewhat varied word choices
3 – The text has limited number of appropriate word choice.
2 –The text has vague word choices, wording is repetitive.
1 – The text has no descriptive word.
23
Figurative Language
5 - Figurative language is used appropriately in the entire text which enhances
the reading experiences.
4 - Figurative language is used often which enhances the understanding of the text
3 - There is minimal use of figurative language in the text.
2 - Figurative language is barely used in the text and does not add to the
effectiveness of the text.
1 - Figurative language is not or incorrectly used in the text.
ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
Activity 16: YOU CAN DO THIS!

Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct answer in
your CW notebook.
1. What figure of speech is used in the sentence below?

The wind is whispering in my ears.
A. climax B. metonymy C. personification D. synecdoche
2. Which of the following observes proper diction?

A. She already sang, dances, and acts.
B. She advised us to prepare for the exam.
C. I come, I saw, I conquered - Julius Caesar
D. Being positive in times of crisis could effect one’s decision.
3. What figure of speech plays with words?

A. climax B. hyperbole C. oxymoron D. pun
4. What literary device mainly appeals to the senses?

A. diction B. imagery C. symbol D. theme
5. What is associated to the sense of smell?

6. Which is of the following is a synecdoche?

A. Wheels – referring to a car
B. It is just a scratch - referring to a large dent.
C. It is sometimes dry and sandy - referring to the driest desert in the world
D. The weather is a little cooler today - referring to sub-zero temperatures
24
7. What figure of speech is used in the sentence below?
“I have a million of things to do.”
A. hyperbole B. metonymy C. overstatement D. synecdoche

8. What imagery is present in this sentence?
The scent of hibiscus wafting through the air
reminds her of an amazing experience in Guimaras.
9. Which of the following is a hyperbole?
A. The star smiles at me.

B. Everybody knows that.
C. He is the Adonis of his section.
D. The Titanic was said to be unsinkable.
10. What level of language uses words that are suited in formal setting such as
business meeting and conferences?
A. colloquial B. formal C. informal diction D. slang
GLOSSARY
Allusion - an indirect reference to a person, place, event of a literary

piece which is familiar to both author and reader
Aphorism - concise statement of a principle
Apostrophe - direct address to some inanimate thing or some abstract idea as if the
person is alive or present.
Diction - is determined by the choice of words of a speaker or writer. This helps see
to it that the words used are right and accurate, appropriate to the context and
easily understood by the listeners or readers.
Figures of Speech - are indirect and connotative language expressions. This is

used to convey meaning or to heighten an effect often by comparing or
identifying a thing with another object.
Hyperbole - an expression that greatly exaggerates facts and ideas

for humorous effect or for emphasis
25
Imagery - are mental pictures. This is the author’s use of vivid and descriptive
language that helps make a literary text more colorful and interesting. This
done by using sensory images that trigger deepen a reader’s understanding
and appreciation of a work.
Irony - a contrast between the situation and what reality is.
Metaphor - an expression that compares two unlike things
Metonymy- the use of linked term to stand in for an object or concept
Oxymoron -two contradictory terms used together

Paradox - a statement that seems contradictory in ordinary experience but reveals
the hidden truth
Personification - giving life to inanimate objects

Pun - a manipulation of words that have one more meaning which brings humor to
the expression
Simile - a figure of speech that uses the word like, as to make comparison between
two unlike things
Synecdoche - a figure of speech that a part being represented by a whole or vice versa
ANSWER KEY
ACTIVITY 1
1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A
6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
26
ACTIVITY 8
G H I J L M T Q R S Z L P
C G F C D I C T I O N D K
S D I O T I O N C N S X Z
Z V E L M S N E Y U W R A
E T R L Q A T G X C N M W
A B C O F O R M A L N D V
E S E Q C G A Q M G D S Y
W G S U M A C R Y I W R S
D G
K I D B T N A W B U R
T E W A E T I E P E R S W
B G P L F W O J H P O L Q
D A H Q U I N F O R M A L
N K K U G H Y P R W A N S
K B E G P D P Q I A N G F
Y L L V L O W R S D C Y H
R P D L E B L U M W E R D
U D R S A E A I P R P M W
ACROSS DOWN
1. diction 1. fierce
2. formal 2. colloquial
3. informal 3. contraction
4. kid 4. aphorism
5. slang
6. bromance
ACTIVITY 9.A. Yes, the author considered the target readers who are the children.
The words the author used are suited to the level of the children.
B. Yes, words are properly used and chosen.
ACTIVITY 10
1. metaphor 7. personification
2. hyperbole 8. simile
3. allusion 9. paradox
4. oxymoron 10. synecdoche
5. pun 11. metonymy
6. apostrophe 12. irony
ACTIVITY 16
1. C 6. A
2. B 7. A
3. D 8. C
4. B 9. B
5. C 10. B
27
REFERENCES
―Colloquialism.‖ Accessed September 21, 2020.

www.literarydevices.com/colloquialism/.
―Diction.‖ Accessed September 21, 2020. https://literarydevices.net/diction/.
―Diction Examples.‖ Accessed September 21, 2020.

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/diction-examples.html.
―Slang Language.‖ Accessed September 21, 2020.

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/20-examples-of-slang-language.html.
Allen, Janet. Holt McDOUGAL Literature (British Literature). Houghton Mifflin

Harcourt Company, 2010.
Rico-Lopez, M. Study &Thinking Skills in English. Malones Printing Press.

.
Sebranek, Patrick. Writers INC: A Student Handbook for Writing & Learning. D.C.
Heath and Company, 1996
28

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12

Grade 12-Creative Writing

Published in the Philippines

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

Development Team of English Learning Kit

Writers: Ismael, Jr. B. Sibag Marjorie M. Edang

Illustrators: Armand Glenn S. Lapor Mark T. Dasa

Layout Artists: Armand Glenn S. Lapor Ricky T. Salabe

Division Quality Assurance Team:

Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma Dr. Josilyn S. Solana

Grade 12-Creative Writing

Welcome to Grade 12 Creative Writing.

The English Learning Kit is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

The English Learning Kit aims to guide our learners in accomplishing

For the learning facilitator:

For the learner:

Grade 12-Creative Writing

This century demands you to

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

Activity 1: PRIOR KNOWLEDGE CHECK

1. What imagery is used in the line below?

4. Sweetness and bitterness are examples of what type of imagery?

7. Which of the following is true about figures of speech?

8. What figure of speech refers to imaginative comparison of two unlike objects

1. Your best friend

Activity 3: CONTEXT, PLEASE?

1. Wind whispering your ears

2. Stars smiling at you

4. Woman as beautiful as a fairy

5. Man with a fist of rock

Activity 5: PROCESS LIKE A PRO

A. Refer to Activity 2. Show Me

B. Refer to Activity 3. Context, Please?

C. Refer to Activity 4. Sketch Time!

Great! Because you have successfully

Imagery is a descriptive language used to appeal to reader’s senses: touch,

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Words/ Phrases that appeal to senses Idea or Emotion Conveyed

Rough winds Summer weather is not always fine.

3. What images does Shakespeare use to illustrate why summer is less

Sunset by Breadjet S. Ang

1.Visual Imagery - ____________________________________________ .

2. Auditory Imagery - ____________________________________________ .

5. Tactile Imagery - ____________________________________________ .

Anon (ND) wrote Four Types of Diction2:

A. Bae: A term of endearment, meaning "before anyone else," used between

B. Basic: A put-down describing someone or something that's very common

C. Coin: Another way to refer to money.

D. Epic: If somewhat was "epic," it was highly enjoyable.

E. Fierce: Usually attributed to Beyoncé, "fierce" signifies a strong,

F. Lit: If something is "lit," it means it's super cool or "on fire."

G. Low key: If someone or something is "low key," it means it's being

H. On point: Outstanding, perfectly executed.

I. Woke: Slang for "awakened," as in being highly aware of social injustices.

J. YOLO: An acronym for "you only live once," encouraging people to

Common Errors in Diction and Usage

1. Acquire, obtain, procure. We acquire something that is retained more or

Ex: Khian acquired his assets through business.

Ex: The transferee adapts to his new environment easily.