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    Experimental Setup Result: Discussion Application

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    Mir Hasib Ul Latif
    The experiment aimed to verify Bernoulli's theorem by measuring the total head of water flowing through a venturi tube at different points. The total head was observed to decrease gradually as flow proceeded, with higher pressure heads corresponding to lower velocity heads, supporting Bernoulli's theorem. Graphs of the total head and velocity head vs. tapping position showed deviations from calculated values, likely due to real fluid properties violating ideal assumptions in the theorem.

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    Experimental Setup Result: Discussion Application

    Uploaded by

    Mir Hasib Ul Latif
    33 views1 page
    The experiment aimed to verify Bernoulli's theorem by measuring the total head of water flowing through a venturi tube at different points. The total head was observed to decrease gradually as flow proceeded, with higher pressure heads corresponding to lower velocity heads, supporting Bernoulli's theorem. Graphs of the total head and velocity head vs. tapping position showed deviations from calculated values, likely due to real fluid properties violating ideal assumptions in the theorem.

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    Final1

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    The experiment aimed to verify Bernoulli's theorem by measuring the total head of water flowing through a venturi tube at different points. The total head was observed to decrease gradually as flow proceeded, with higher pressure heads corresponding to lower velocity heads, supporting Bernoulli's theorem. Graphs of the total head and velocity head vs. tapping position showed deviations from calculated values, likely due to real fluid properties violating ideal assumptions in the theorem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views1 page

    Experimental Setup Result: Discussion Application

    Uploaded by

    Mir Hasib Ul Latif
    The experiment aimed to verify Bernoulli's theorem by measuring the total head of water flowing through a venturi tube at different points. The total head was observed to decrease gradually as flow proceeded, with higher pressure heads corresponding to lower velocity heads, supporting Bernoulli's theorem. Graphs of the total head and velocity head vs. tapping position showed deviations from calculated values, likely due to real fluid properties violating ideal assumptions in the theorem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    1002036)

    Abstract
    The main objective of this experiment was to verify the validity of Bernoulli’s theorem. Bernoulli's apparatus is designed to
    demonstrate visually the interchange between pressure head and velocity head as water flows through a tube of variable cross sectional
    area in a horizontal plane. In this experiment the total head of water in six different points were observed and found that the point
    where the pressure head was larger, the velocity head was smaller. Though the summation of the heads did not remain constant, rather
    gradually decreasing as the flow proceeds, but the values were nearly equal.

    Introduction Experimental Setup Result


    Bernoulli's theorem states that for a
    The graph drawn for each
    steady, incompressible and ideal
    observation in each tapping
    fluid flow in isothermal condition the
    position and total head were
    total mechanical energy of the fluid
    analyzed than we can easily
    remains constant, if there is no loss
    compare our result and its
    or addition of energy to the flow
    deviation. The ranges of
    system. So,
    measured head for first, second
    p/γ + v2/ 2g + z = constant
    and third observation at different
    tapping position were 241, 276,
    and 290 respectively and
    Methodology similarly calculated total head
    The apparatus used for this were 240.4-241.8, 258-280, 284-
    experiment consists of a venturi 295.4. The deviation of
    tube, piezometer and pitot tube. measured total head and
    Total head at different tapping calculated total head were shown
    positions was calculated from static clearly in the graphs and the
    head and velocity head and was Graphs reasons behind this deviation
    compared with pitot tube reading. were discussed in discussion
    Total Head Vs Tapping position section.
    300

    290
    Application
    280
    Discussion
    270
    Total Head

    Air flight 260 Observation 1


    Bernoulli’s theorem is applicable
    Observation 2
    250
    Observation 3
    under certain assumptions. They are
    240 • Ideal fluid(Incompressible &
    Sailing Draft Frictionless)
    230
    • No heat transfer from system
    220
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6
    • Work along a steam line
    Tapping position In experimental condition the
    Bernoulli’s
    assumption are not correct
    Theorem Velocity Head VS Tapping Position
    (1st observation)
    Velocity Head VS Tapping Position
     Working fluid (water) was viscid
    (2nd observation)

    Measured Head Calculated Head Measured Head Calculated Head


    &has friction loss
     The system was not adiabatic
    Velocity Head,v2/2g

    20 150
    Velocity Head,v2/2g

    15
    100
     There was some loss due to
    Lift Bunsen 10 contraction
    50
    Burner 5 For these reason our experimental&
    Spray-gun 0 0 theoretical total head were not same
    0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6
    Taping Position
    Taping Position

    Conclusion
    It is demonstrated earlier in the experiment that total heads from experimental & theoretical calculation are nearly equal. So Bernoulli’s
    Theorem is another form of the equation of conservation of energy.

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