Brick masonry involves laying bricks together using mortar to form a structure. Key terms include:
1) Bricks laid in mortar form a homogeneous mass called brick masonry or brickwork.
2) Bonds like English and Flemish are arrangements of bricks that provide interlocking to strengthen the structure.
3) Proper soaking of bricks and careful laying of bricks in the specified bond pattern are required to construct quality brick masonry.
Brick masonry involves laying bricks together using mortar to form a structure. Key terms include:
1) Bricks laid in mortar form a homogeneous mass called brick masonry or brickwork.
2) Bonds like English and Flemish are arrangements of bricks that provide interlocking to strengthen the structure.
3) Proper soaking of bricks and careful laying of bricks in the specified bond pattern are required to construct quality brick masonry.
Brick masonry involves laying bricks together using mortar to form a structure. Key terms include:
1) Bricks laid in mortar form a homogeneous mass called brick masonry or brickwork.
2) Bonds like English and Flemish are arrangements of bricks that provide interlocking to strengthen the structure.
3) Proper soaking of bricks and careful laying of bricks in the specified bond pattern are required to construct quality brick masonry.
Brick masonry involves laying bricks together using mortar to form a structure. Key terms include:
1) Bricks laid in mortar form a homogeneous mass called brick masonry or brickwork.
2) Bonds like English and Flemish are arrangements of bricks that provide interlocking to strengthen the structure.
3) Proper soaking of bricks and careful laying of bricks in the specified bond pattern are required to construct quality brick masonry.
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Technical terms
Brick Masonry Bricks are laid in mortar in a proper systematic manner, they form a homogeneous mass, which can withstand forces without disintegration. This mass of the structure, so made by the use of bricks is called "Brick Masonry" or simply "Brick work".
1. Brick
An artificial structural element in the form of a rectangular block of clay is
called a “Brick ". Bricks can be manufactured of any required shape and size.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Technical terms
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Technical terms 2. Frog
The depression provided in the face of a brick is called a "Frog“. It gives
bonding for brick courses
3. Positions of Bricks
The position of brick, when laid with its Frog upward in the horizontal plane, is termed as "Brick on bed".
The position of the brick when laid on its side "9 in x 3 in", with frog in the vertical plane is called "Brick on edge".
The position of brick when laid on its side "4 1/2 in x 3 in", with frog in the vertical plane is called " Brick on end". 4 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Technical terms
4. Course
Each horizontal layer of bricks laid in mortar in a brick work is called a "course".
5. Stretcher
Brick, laid with its length horizontal and parallel with the face of the wall is called a "Stretcher" and a course, in which, all the bricks are laid as Stretchers is called a “Stretching course" or "Stretcher course".
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Technical terms
6. Header
A brick laid, so that only its end shows on the face of a wall is called a "Header" and a course, in which all the bricks are laid as headers, is known as "Heading Course" or "Header course".
7. Quoin brick
The brick, which forms the external corner of a wall is known as " Quoin brick".
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Technical terms
7 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Technical terms
8. Bond
Bond is the arrangement of bricks or stones in each course, so as to ensure
the greatest possible interlocking and to avoid the continuity of vertical joints in two successive courses, both on the face and in the body of a wall.
Objectives of Bonds The primary objective of providing a bond is to break the continuity of the vertical joints in the successive courses both in the length and thickness of masonry structure. As a result, the structure will act as a bounded mass and its load will be transmitted uniformly to the foundations.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Technical terms
9. Types of Bonds
1. English Bond 2. Flemish bond
English Bond
The bond, in which headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses, is called "English bond".
Flemish Bond
The bond, in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in the same course, is called "Flemish bond".
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use 10 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use ENGLISH BOND PLAN & SECTION
11 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use 12 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use FLEMISH BOND PLAN & SECTION
13 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry
BRICK WORK The Brick work shall consist of the specified class.
Mortar Brick work shall be done with the specified mortar viz. cement, lime- cement, mixed in the specified proportions. Only freshly prepared shall be used. And this should be as per IS 2250- 1965.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry Laying of Bricks All bricks shall be thoroughly soaked in clean water for at least 4 hours in tank of sufficient size immediately before use. Soakage of bricks shall not be done mud mortar masonry.
The soaked bricks shall be stacked on wooden planks to avoid earth being smeared on them. The best shaped and most uniform colour planks shall be picked out and used for face work.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry
Laying of Bricks
The brick work shall be in prescribed bond and shall follow the type bond junctions, unless specified otherwise. Half bricks or brick shall not be used except where necessary to complete the bond. Closers in such cases shall be cut to the required size and used near the end of the wall only.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry Laying of Bricks The walls shall be taken up truly plump. All courses shall be laid truly horizontal and all vertical joints shall be truly vertical. Vertical joints in alternate courses shall come directly over one another. The bricks shall be thoroughly bedded and flushed with mortar on all faces except those exposed.
Bricks shall be laid with frogs upwards and set home by gentle tapping with handle of the trowel or wooded hammer. 17 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry
Laying of Bricks
No portion of the work shall be left more than 1 meter lower than the other. Where the masonry of one part has to be delayed the work shall be raked back according to bind (and not toothed) at an angle not exceeding 40°.
All iron fixtures, pipes outlets of water etc, shall be built in cement mortar in their correct position as far as possible as the work proceeds.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry
Joints Thickness of joints shall not exceed 6mm in first class brick work and 10mm in second brick work. In case of first class brick work, the thickness of four courses with four horizontal mortar joints shall be kept as 30 cms.
Where plastering or pointing is not required to be done, the joints
shall be struck flush and finished at the time of laying.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry
Curing
Green work shall be protected from the effects of sun, rain etc by suitable covering. All masonry work except masonry in mud mortar shall be kept constantly moist on all the faces for a period of at least seven days.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Lab tests Field tests
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔ⅇ ⅈ𝑛 𝑤𝑡. % age water absorption = X 100 𝑂𝑟ⅈ𝑔ⅈ𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑡.
Water absorption should not be greater than 16 to 24% based on the
brick classification
16% for I class bricks
22% for II class bricks 24% for III class bricks 21
Water & Effluent Treatment IC
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Lab tests • Water Absorption test • Compression test Brick Masonry • Determination of efflorescence – Lab tests • Determination of warpage
Minimum compressive strength
of brick should be 3.5N/mm² or 35 Kg/cm². 22 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Lab tests
Sampling Fifty pieces shall be taken from a lot of 50,000 or part thereof. The sampling shall be done at random during loading or unloading of the bricks or from different parts of the stack.
Reference for testing
Indian Standard IS:3495 (Parts 1 to 4). Methods of tests of burnt clay building bricks. 23 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Lab tests
Water Absorption
After drying a specimen brick in a well ventilated oven at 105°C to 115°C
the brick should be cooled to room temperature and then immersed in clean water for 24 hours.
Average water absorption should not be more than 20% by weight for bricks of class 35 to 125 Kg/sq.cm. Compressive strength.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Lab Tests
Compressive Strength Bricks are required to be immersed in water for 24 hours. The specimen should be removed and the surplus water should be drained out at room temperature. After this, the frog in the brick should be filled with cement mortar 1:3 and brick stored in damp jute for 24 hours followed by immersion in water for 3 days. Thereafter, the specimen brick should be wiped and subjected to compressive strength in flat position at uniform rate of 140 kg/ Sqcm per minute till failure occurs.
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Brick Masonry – Lab tests Efflorescence This is a test for deposit of salts on bricks. A shallow flat bottom dish over 150mm in diameter and 30mm in depth containing sufficient distilled water capable enough to complete saturate the specimen is used.
The end of the bricks are placed in the dish, such that the depth of immersion in water is 25mm. The entire arrangement is placed in a warm well ventilated room until all the water is absorbed by the specimens and the surplus water evaporates.
Again water is added and the bricks are observed for efflorescence after second evaporation and observation are noted as ʽnilʼ, ʽslightʼ, ʽmoderateʼ, 26 ʽheavyʼ or ʽseriousʼ. Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use Water & Effluent Treatment IC 27 Water & Effluent Treatment IC Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
