Merican Ational Tandard: ANSI/ASSE Z117.1-2009 Safety Requirements For Confined Spaces
Merican Ational Tandard: ANSI/ASSE Z117.1-2009 Safety Requirements For Confined Spaces
Merican Ational Tandard: ANSI/ASSE Z117.1-2009 Safety Requirements For Confined Spaces
1-2009
ANSI/ASSE Z117.1-2009
Safety Requirements
for Confined Spaces
ANSI/ASSE Z117.1-2009
A S
S E
The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed
to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI
accredited Z117 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the
correctness or completeness of this material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication
of this standard, ASSE or the Z117 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these
recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property.
ANSI®
ANSI Z117.1 – 2009
Safety Requirements
for Confined Spaces
Secretariat
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will
in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard.
Moreover, no persons shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation
of an American National Standard in the name of the American National
Standards Institute.
This standard was developed by an American National Standards Committee, national in scope,
functioning under the procedures of the American National Standards Institute with the American Society
of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as Secretariat. This standard provides minimum safety requirements to be
followed while entering, exiting and working in confined spaces at normal atmospheric pressure.
It is intended that the procedures and performance requirements detailed herein will be adopted by every
employer whose operations fall within the scope and purpose of the standard.
Neither the standards committee, nor the secretariat, feel that this standard is perfect or in its ultimate
form. It is recognized that new developments are to be expected, and that revisions of the standard will
be necessary as the art progresses and further experience is gained. It is felt, however, that uniform
requirements are very much needed and that the standard in its present form provides for the minimum
performance requirements necessary in developing and implementing a comprehensive confined space
program for the protection of personnel.
In 1993 OSHA estimated that 238,000 establishments had permit required confined spaces. These
establishments employed approximately 1.6 million workers, including contractors, who entered 4.8
million permit-required confined spaces annually. OSHA further estimated that 63 fatalities and 13,000
lost workdays and non-lost workday cases involving confined spaces entry occurred annually.
OSHA and NIOSH data during the period 1980-1993 indicates atmospheric conditions were the leading
cause of death associated with confined space entry. The data indicates that oxygen deficiency,
hydrogen sulfide, methane, and inert gases ranked as the leading specific atmospheric hazardous
conditions. Engulfment was found to be second in terms of occurrence. Mechanical asphyxiation from
loose materials such as grain, agricultural products, sand, cement, and gravel was dominant. Evidence
suggests that the cause of death associated with confined space entry has not changed appreciably
during recent years.
During revision of the 2003 version of the standard, the Z117 ASC reviewed current data and information
addressing confined space incidents. A review of 200 confined space fatality cases from the Federal
OSHA database occurring between 1993 and 2004 confirms that the distribution of causes has not
changed to any significant degree. Approximately 65% of incidents with fatalities involved atmospheric
contamination. Engulfment accounted for less than 10% of the identified causes.
It should be understood that the fatality cases in this sampling do not represent all U.S. confined space
incidents resulting in fatalities. The mining, agriculture, and maritime sectors as well as various states with
their own primary jurisdiction for safety and health enforcement are likely to be the source of many more
cases not discussed within the Foreword of the Z117.1 Standard. Upon review of this data, much remains
to be done, particularly in regards to verification of atmospheres for entrants prior to and during confined
space activity.
The Z117 Committee acknowledges the critical role of design in influencing the safe entry of confined
spaces. The failure to incorporate safety during the design process and overlooked design deficiencies
can often increase the risk for entrants: examples are (1) means of entry (portals, hatchways, etc.) which
are too small, improperly located, or that complicate/inhibit escape; (2) spaces which are convoluted,
unnecessarily obstructed, or hazardously configured; (3) internal clearances which are too tight for safe
passage; (4) space penetration distances which are excessive without alternative means of access or
escape; (5) absence of appropriate devices to isolate all energy sources from the space; (6) no provision
for vessel mechanisms/devices to prevent loose materials from bridging, compacting, etc. (7) lack of
features that would enhance space ventilation effectiveness; (8) structural weaknesses in walls, floors,
ceilings, or pipes containing gases, liquids, or steam, or which increase hazard risk to entrants while
working or coming in contact with stated structures in confined spaces; (9) absence of anchor points for
retrieval devices.
The standard does not attempt to address these issues. It is believed they are best dealt with by the
purchaser, employer, or owner during a project's design, acquisition, or construction. However, it is
recommended that designers, manufacturers, and users make confined space design issues a priority
when new or modified machinery, equipment, processes or facilities are contemplated.
For existing confined spaces, which have recognized design deficiencies, it should be the responsibility of
those authorizing entry to either:
• develop and implement specific safe entry procedures for each confined space, or
• dismantle, open, remove, etc. the equipment/process rather than enter if the risk is deemed
unacceptable.
The Z117 Committee solicits public input that may suggest revisions to the Standard. Such input should
be sent to the Secretariat, American Society of Safety Engineers, 1800 East Oakton Street, Des Plaines,
IL 60018-2187.
This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Standards
Committee on Confined Spaces Z117. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply
that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved that standard, the Z117
Committee had the following members:
1. General................................................................................................ 10
1.1 Scope.......................................................................................... 10
1.2 Exceptions .................................................................................. 10
1.3 Purpose ...................................................................................... 10
1.4 Application .................................................................................. 10
2. Definitions............................................................................................ 10
3. Identification and Evaluation................................................................ 15
3.1 Confined Space Survey .............................................................. 15
3.2 Hazard Identification ................................................................... 15
3.3 Hazard Evaluation ...................................................................... 16
3.4 Confined Space Classification .................................................... 17
3.5 Hazard Re-Evaluation................................................................. 18
3.6 Written Program.......................................................................... 18
4. Non-Permit Confined Spaces (NPCS)................................................. 18
4.1 Controls ...................................................................................... 18
4.2 Training....................................................................................... 19
4.3 Re-Evaluation ............................................................................. 19
4.4 Atmospheric Testing ................................................................... 19
5. Permit Required Confined Spaces (PRCS) ......................................... 19
5.1 Entry Permits .............................................................................. 19
5.2 Permit Implementation................................................................ 20
5.3 Duration of Permits ..................................................................... 20
5.4 Revoking Permits........................................................................ 20
5.5 Changing Work Conditions ......................................................... 21
6. Atmospheric Testing............................................................................ 21
6.1 General Criteria .......................................................................... 21
6.2 Testing Considerations ............................................................... 23
6.3 Acceptable Limits........................................................................ 24
7. Entry Team .......................................................................................... 25
7.1 Attendant .................................................................................... 25
7.2 Entrant ........................................................................................ 26
7.3 Attendant(s)/Entrant(s) Communication ..................................... 27
7.4 Entry Supervisor/Leader ............................................................. 27
8. Isolation and Lockout/Tagout .............................................................. 28
8.1 General ....................................................................................... 28
8.2 Isolation ...................................................................................... 28
8.3 Lockout/Tagout ........................................................................... 30
9. Ventilation............................................................................................ 30
9.1 Requirements ............................................................................. 30
10. Cleaning/Decontamination .................................................................. 31
11. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)................................................. 32
11.1 General ....................................................................................... 32
11.2 Selection ..................................................................................... 32
11.3 Inspection ................................................................................... 34
12. Auxiliary Equipment............................................................................. 35
12.1 Entry and Exit ............................................................................. 35
12.2 Retrieval Equipment ................................................................... 35
12.3 Fall Prevention............................................................................ 35
12.4 Electrical Equipment ................................................................... 36
13. Warning Signs and Symbols ............................................................... 36
13.1 Identification................................................................................ 36
14. Emergency Response, Evacuation, and Rescue ................................ 36
14.1 Emergency Response Plan ........................................................ 36
14.2 Atmospheric Monitoring .............................................................. 38
14.3 Respiratory Protection Equipment .............................................. 38
14.4 Rescue Equipment Inspection ..................................................... 38
15. Training................................................................................................ 38
15.1 General Requirements................................................................ 38
15.2 Training for Atmospheric Monitoring Personnel.......................... 39
15.3 Training for Attendants ............................................................... 40
15.4 Training for Emergency Response Personnel ............................ 40
15.5 Verification of Training ................................................................ 41
16. Medical Suitability................................................................................ 42
17. Contractors .......................................................................................... 42
17.1 Hazard Appraisal ........................................................................ 42
17.2 Identification of Rescue Responder............................................ 43
17.3 Permit System ............................................................................ 43
17.4 Coordination ............................................................................... 44
17.5 Ongoing Dialogue ....................................................................... 44
Appendices:
The left column, designated "Standard Requirements," is confined solely to these requirements. The right
column, designated "Explanatory Information," contains only information that is intended to clarify the
standard. This column is not a part of the standard.
Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in either column, unless they are of such a nature as to
be vital safety requirements, equal in weight to other requirements, or guides to assist in compliance with
the standard.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope. This standard provides E1.1 The scope of this standard does
minimum safety requirements to be followed not address confined space design issues.
while entering, exiting and working in Please see the Foreword of this standard for
confined spaces at normal atmospheric additional general information addressing
pressure. confined space design.
2. DEFINITIONS
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2.5 Double Block and Bleed. A E2.5 Bleed means that pressure will
method used to isolate a confined space vent and not build against the secondary
from a line, duct or pipe by physically valve while material coming out the bleeder
closing two main valves on a piping system, will indicate leakage past the primary block
and opening a "vented-to-atmosphere" valve valve and the need for remedial action.
between them.
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2.12 Hazard. A condition or changing E2.12 Examples are materials that cause
set of circumstances that presents a oxygen deficiency/enrichment, flammability,
potential for injury, illness, death, or property toxicity, corrosivity, stored product, chemical
damage. The potential or inherent and mechanical energy.
characteristics of an activity, condition, or
circumstance, which can produce adverse
or harmful consequences.
2.15 Hot Work. Work that produces E2.15 Hot work may include such things
arcs, sparks, flames, heat, or other sources as electric arc and gas welding, chipping,
of ignition. flaming, grinding, gas cutting, brazing,
soldering, etc. (Appendix D of ANSI/AWS
Z49.1 lists more than 90 welding and allied
processes that qualify as hot work). Hot
work activities may produce contaminants or
toxic materials.
2.17 LEL/LFL and UEL/UFL. Abbre- E2.17 The NFPA publication, Fire
viation for lower explosive limit/lower Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials,
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3.2.1 The past and current uses of the E3.2.1 Review MSDS(s) to determine
confined space which may adversely affect compatibility of current and previous
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3.2.2 The physical characteristics, E3.2.2 The means of entry and exit, and
configuration, and location of the confined the hazards posed by adjacent spaces and
space. operations should be reviewed.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
3.3.7 Impact on the need for emergency E3.3.7 Physical conditions that could
response. hinder emergency rescue may include:
manway or manhole size, scaffolding or
pipe structures, or other obstructions. These
special needs should be addressed in
assessment for emergency response.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
3.6 Written Program. If the employer E3.6 The written entry program should
determines that employees will enter include how the key items of this standard
confined spaces, the employer shall develop will be implemented and who is responsible
and implement a written confined space for their execution. Since employers are
entry program. The program shall contain a ultimately responsible for implementation of
requirement for a periodic written per- this standard, management should use the
formance assessment of the requirements method identified for correcting deficiencies
of this standard. An established method, identified during the performance
with action steps and assigned assessments as a fundamental tool for
responsibility, shall be specified for enforcing the requirements of this standard.
correcting deficiencies identified by the Frequency of performance assessment
performance assessment. should be governed by the identified need
for improvement.
3.6.1 The written program shall include a E3.6.1 Procedures that are intended to
requirement to develop specific entry assist in the evaluation of the space are not
procedures for permit required confined a substitute for pre-entry evaluation.
spaces identified during the survey.
Procedures shall identify known hazards as
well as the actions required to eliminate or
control those hazards. Where spaces are
identical with respect to hazards and
required control actions a single procedure
to cover these like spaces is acceptable.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
4.2 Training. Initial and follow-up E4.2 For more information about
training shall be conducted as needed to general training issues, refer to ANSI/ASSE
maintain competence in entry procedures Z490.1, Accepted Practices in Safety,
and precautions. Health, and Environmental Training.
4.3.1 Any change of conditions in the E4.3.1 Any change in conditions such as,
space which introduces new hazards to the but not limited to, atmospheric conditions
space, shall require an immediate re- while in the space may trigger evacuation or
evaluation of the space before entry. removal of personnel and re-evaluation of
the space.
4.4 Atmospheric Testing. A qualified E4.4 If atmospheric test results are not
person shall determine whether atmospheric within acceptable limits, this should indicate
testing is required. If testing indicates that the engineering controls are not
atmospheric levels are not within acceptable adequate or the potential for generation of
limits the entry shall not proceed. hazards is not as minimal as was initially
determined. Consequently, the confined
space would no longer be an NPCS.
5.1 Entry Permits. A permit shall be E5.1 The intent of the permit system is
established for all PRCS entries. This to provide a systematic review for hazards,
document shall include: communicate this information to all those
involved and provide an approval process
for confined space entry.
5.1.1 The date of entry, the location of E5.1.1 Under certain conditions, it may be
entry, the names or identification of entrants necessary to document the entry and exiting
and type of work which will be conducted in of personnel and/or termination of entry.
the confined space.
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5.1.7 A duration for the permit. E5.1.7 The duration of the permit should
not exceed the time needed to complete the
assigned work or one work shift, whichever
is less. A system can be established to
allow an original permit to be amended in
order to keep the permit current with entry
team members and their activities.
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6. ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
a) Oxygen
b) Flammability/combustibility
c) Toxicity
6.1.2 Initial testing of the atmospheric E6.1.2 Testing with the ventilation off
conditions shall be completed with the would closely represent the ambient
ventilation systems shut down. atmosphere inside a confined space in the
event of a ventilation system failure When
doing atmospheric evaluations the tester
needs to consider the characteristics of the
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6.1.3 Further testing shall be conducted E6.1.3 Testing with the ventilation on can
with ventilation turned on to ensure that the reveal problems such as the suction of
contaminants are removed and that the engine exhaust gases into the confined
ventilation system (makeup air, fan, duct) is space or where pneumatically powered
not a source of contamination. blowers or tools may bring contaminated air
or other gases into the confined space.
6.1.4 If the confined space is vacated, E6.1.4 Defining when re-testing may be
the qualified person shall determine the needed should be determined by a qualified
need for atmospheric retesting prior to re- person based on the hazard assessment
entry. described in the original permit.
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6.1.6.1 An instrument maintenance record E6.1.6.1 The record should include date of
shall be maintained. purchase, sensor change schedule,
maintenance/repair, history, data logging,
and battery life.
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6.2.1 Where personnel must enter the E6.2.1 Proper engineering controls, work
confined space to complete atmospheric practices, and personal protective
testing, the space shall be treated as PRCS. equipment (PPE) may be needed to
address the conditions that may be
encountered during testing.
6.3.1.2 Flammability less than or equal to E6.3.1.2 Any level above zero should be
ten percent of the Lower Explosive Limit investigated.
(LEL) or Lower Flammable Limit (LFL).
6.3.1.3 Toxicity less than recognized E6.3.1.3 Any level above zero should be
exposure limits. investigated. To determine if excessive toxic
levels exist, references such as the most
current American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Threshold Limit Values document should be
referenced, Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS), NIOSH, Pocket Guide to Chemical
Hazards, and the AIHA, Workplace
Environmental Exposure Levels (WEEL)
Guide or other pertinent information which
may apply to the toxic material.
Consideration should be given to the use of
continuous monitoring equipment. Appli-
cable exposure limits should not be
exceeded.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
7. ENTRY TEAM
7.1 Attendant.
7.1.1 Location. The attendant shall be E7.1.1 This may be supplemented visually
stationed immediately outside the point of or verbally through remote means such as
entry/exit of the confined space to observe radio, hardwire, video, camera, etc.
the PRCS and be able to communicate with Communication equipment should be safe
the occupants throughout the entry. for the intended use.
7.1.3 Duties. Attendants shall have the E7.1.3 Ensure no additional duties are
following duties: given to the attendant other than observing
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7.1.3.2 Direct entrants to exit the confined E7.1.3.2 Direct entrants to exit the confined
space when any irregularities are observed. space when any of the following is
observed:
7.1.3.3 Initiate evacuation and emergency E7.1.3.3 Attendants should summon the
procedures. rescue team as soon as the attendant
recognizes there may be a problem.
7.2 Entrant.
7.2.1 Duties.
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limitations of equipment for control or any materials for which direct reading
of these hazards. Inspect for instrumentation is not available.
hazards not identified by
atmospheric monitoring during
entry activities.
2) Respond to emergencies,
which includes method(s) for self-
rescue or evacuation.
7.4.1 Duties.
7.4.1.1 The Entry Supervisor/Leader shall: E7.4.1.1(2) An initial external visual inspec-
tion should be conducted where possible,
1) Know the requirements of the prior to entry to look for hazards not
confined space entry program, identified by the atmospheric monitoring.
including proper execution of
duties of entrants, attendants and
rescue personnel.
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8.1 General. All energy sources which E8.1 The objective is the control of any
are potentially hazardous to confined space situation where unexpected energization,
entrants shall be secured, relieved, start-up or release of stored energy would
disconnected and/or restrained before cause injury to workers. Energy sources
personnel are permitted to enter the may include electrical, mechanical,
confined space. hydraulic, pneumatic (air), chemical, ther-
mal, radioactive, and the effects of gravity.
8.2 Isolation. Methods and means E8.2 Before the method(s) of isolation is
shall be selected and used to prevent selected, a qualified person should consider
flammable, toxic, irritating, or oxygen the hazards that may exist or develop to
displacing gases, vapors, and liquids from include temperature, pressure, flammability,
entering the space. All hazardous material, reactivity, corrosiveness or toxicity of
high pressure, high temperature and other material in the piping and reactions that
piping that could be reasonably expected to could occur with cleaning or purging agents,
introduce a hazard shall be isolated by as well as any physical hazards.
utilizing blinding, disconnection, removal, or
double block and bleed as needed to
prevent entry of material(s) and hazardous
contaminant(s).
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8.2.3 In confined spaces where complete E8.2.3 A decision to enter these or other
isolation is not possible, provisions shall be similar spaces should be based upon
made to isolate the space to the extent assessing the potential for hazardous
possible and control all other processes so contaminants being present and either
the entry team is not in danger and an devising a plan for protecting personnel
evaluation conducted according to Section entering the space or suspending entry until
3. If an atmospheric hazard potential exists, adequate hazard control and protection of
continuous monitoring shall be conducted occupants can be assured. Use of methods
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8.2.4 Special precautions shall be taken E8.2.4 Distillation vessels, boilers, cargo
when entering double walled, jacketed, or tanks, adjoining voids on ships and barges,
internally insulated confined spaces that and similar type equipment may contain
may discharge hazardous material through cracks or leaks that may produce a
the vessel's internal wall. hazardous environment inside the confined
space.
8.3.1 Where there is a need to test, E8.3.1 Equipment start-up may pose
position or activate equipment by entanglement, entrapment or engulfment
temporarily removing the lock or tag or both, hazards to occupants inside the space. A
a procedure shall be developed and qualified person should access the hazard
implemented to control hazards to the of temporarily removing the locks/tags.
occupants.
9. VENTILATION
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10. CLEANING/DECONTAMINATION
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10.1 Confined spaces shall be cleaned E10.1 In some instances, the purpose of
and decontaminated of hazardous materials the entry is to clean the confined space. In
as the preferred method of eliminating or these cases, the confined space should be
reducing exposure. Cleaning and decontam- cleaned and decontaminated as much as
ination shall be done to the extent feasible possible before personnel enter. Proper
before entry. PPE and other precautions should be used
to address any hazards, which will remain
after the pre-entry cleaning. Prior to
commencing cleaning and decontamination,
care should be exercised in the selection of
cleaning compounds to ensure their
compatibility with the environment in which
they will be used.
10.2 Entry team members and E10.2 Run off and decontamination
equipment shall be decontaminated and should be disposed of per appropriate
cleaned as necessary during or after the standards.
confined space activity. Any disposable
material or equipment used shall be properly
discarded per appropriate standards. Entry
team members shall be decontaminated per
specific hazard protocol.
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2) Recommended storage
practices.
4) Donning/doffing procedures.
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decontamination procedures.
11.4 Discard contaminated and/or single E11.4 See Section E11.3 above and
use PPE per appropriate standards. reference OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1025, OSHA
29 CFR 1926.1101, and all applicable
federal, state and local regulations.
12.1 Entry and Exit. Each entry and E12.1 This may involve the use of
exit point shall be evaluated to determine ladders. However, if use of a ladder is
the most effective methods and equipment impractical, another means of lowering and
enabling employees to safely enter and exit raising employees should be selected, i.e.,
the confined space. Means for safe entry bosun chairs, winch/hoist devices, etc.
and exit shall be provided and used as Access winches/hoists, bosun chairs,
prescribed by the entry supervisor harness components, scaffolds, etc., should
throughout the duration of the entry. be compatible with the intended use
according to the manufacturer's instructions
and suitable for confined space applications.
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12.4.1 Where there is potential for E12.4.1 This would include protection such
electrical shock, appropriate electrical as ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI),
equipment or systems shall be used. assured grounding systems, double
insulated tools, and/or low voltage systems.
13.1 Identification. All permit required E13.1 Permit required confined spaces
confined space openings that can be such as vessels, tanks, silos, ovens,
entered without the use of tools, special reactors, etc. may be identified by signage
equipment, or key(s) shall have a sign in order to supplement the training of
identifying it as a permit required confined personnel regarding confined space
space. identification and hazards.
13.1.2 The sign shall include the wording E13.1.2 For more information refer to the
"Danger-Permit Required Confined Space". ANSI/NEMA Z535 Standards for safety
signs, symbols, and colors, which
addresses symbols and demographic
language variations.
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15. TRAINING
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15.3.4 The proper use of equipment used E15.3.4 Entry by an attendant for rescue
for communicating with entry and may only be accomplished if the attendant
emergency/rescue personnel. has been trained in rescue procedures, is
properly equipped, and only if the attendant
is relieved by another trained attendant.
15.4.1 The rescue plan and procedures E15.4.1 Emergency response personnel
developed for each type of confined space should simulate actual rescue conditions by
the entry team can encounter. conducting practice drills.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
situation.
15.4.1.1 The rescue team shall achieve E15.4.1.1 Performance based standards
proficiency for each type of confined space such as, but not limited to, NFPA 1006,
they may encounter. NFPA 1670, and NFPA 1983 should be
utilized in determining rescuer proficiency.
15.4.4 Work location and confined space E15.4.4 Rescuers should be able to
configuration to minimize response time. effectively locate the emergency site without
undue delay. Consideration should be given
to notifying onsite emergency rescue
personnel of the location of entries into
PRCSs prior to entry.
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17. CONTRACTORS
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17.1.1 Employers shall evaluate potential E17.1.1 It should be noted that a variety of
contractors to ensure they have appropriate employer/contractor interface scenarios are
qualifications for the full scope of work to be possible. The employer may be on a scene
performed, including a confined space and physically controlling day-to-day
safety program meeting this standard. contractor operation, the contractor may be
working largely independently of employer
oversight, or some other interface may be in
place. The key factor is to ensure
responsibility/authority is clearly delineated
in the project contract to avoid confusion
and/or omission of elements key to safe
confined space entry operations.
17.3 Permit System. Contractors shall E17.3 Contractors may submit a copy of
ensure a permit confined space program is their permit entry program with the
being followed, meeting the requirements of contracting entity, or agree by contract to
this standard. If the confined space is a follow the permit program of the contracting
permit space, entry is allowed only through entity. The contractor and host employer
compliance with a permit space program. may arrange for the contractor employees to
adhere to the host employer's permit space
program or to follow the contractor's
program. If the host employer's program will
be used, the contractor must be informed of
the program's requirements and be given a
copy of the completed permit for retention
and review purposes. Likewise, if the
contractor's program will be used, the
contractor must inform the host employer of
the requirements of the contractor's
program.
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Appendix A
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Appendix B
29 CFR 1915, Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
29 CFR 1915 Subpart B, Confined and Enclosed Spaces and Other Dangerous Atmospheres in
Shipyard Employment
29 CFR 1915.76, Scaffolds, Ladders and Other Working Surfaces: Access to Cargo Spaces and
Confined Spaces
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29 CFR 1926.800, Tunnels and Shafts, Caissons, Cofferdams, and Compressed Air:
Underground Construction
ANSI/NFPA 86C, Standard for Industrial Furnaces Using a Special Processing Atmosphere
ANSI/API 2015, Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks, Planning and Managing
Tank Entry from Decommissioning Through Recommissioning
ANSI/API 2016, Guidelines and Procedures for Entering and Cleaning Petroleum Storage
Tanks
ANSI/ASSE A1264.1, Safety Requirements for Workplace Walking/Working Surfaces and Their
Access; Workplace Floor, Wall and Roof Openings; Stairs and Guardrail Systems
ANSI/ASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through 24
ANSI/AIHA Z9.2, Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust
Ventilation Systems
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection
ANSI/ASSE Z359.0, Definitions and Nomenclature Used for Fall Protection and Fall Arrest
47
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
ANSI/ASSE Z359.1, Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Subsystems and
Components
ANSI/ASSE Z359.3, Safety Requirements for Positioning and Travel Restraint Systems
ANSI/ASSE Z490.1, Accepted Practices for Safety, Health, and Environmental Training
API 2026, Safe Access/Egress Involving Floating Roofs of Storage Tanks in Petroleum Service
API 2217A, Guidelines for Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum Industry
ASTM F1764-97, Standard Guide for Selection of Hardline Communication Systems for
Confined Space Rescue
NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and
Noncombustible Particulate Solids
48
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
NFPA 326, Standard for the Safeguarding of Tanks and Containers for Entry, Cleaning, or
Repair
NFPA 329, Recommended Practice for Handling Releases of Flammable and Combustible
Liquids and Gases
NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
NFPA 560, Standard for the Storage, Handling, and Use of Ethylene Oxide for Sterilization and
Fumigation
NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents
NFPA 1983, Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services
NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism
Incidents
S.I. No. 218, Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Confined Spaces) Regulations, Irish Statutory
Instruments
Statutory Instrument 1997 No. 1713, The Confined Spaces Regulations, United Kingdom Health
and Safety Executive
Safe Work in Confined Spaces: Confined Spaces Regulations: Approved Code of Practice,
Regulations and Guidance, United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive
49
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
Confined Space Entry an AIHA Protocol Guide (Dr. Jensen’s Health Handbook). American
Industrial Hygiene Association, 1995
Chambers, Gary. Confined Space Entry: An AIHA Protocol Guide. American Industrial Hygiene
Association, 2001
Chelton, C.F. (Editor). Manual of Recommended Practice for Combustible Gas Indicators and
Portable Direct-Reading Hydrocarbon Detectors. American Industrial Hygiene Association, 1993
DHHA (NIOSH), Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, 2007
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 80-106, Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Working in
Confined Spaces. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1979.
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 86-110, Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing
Occupational Fatalities in Confined Spaces. National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, 1986
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-103, Worker Deaths in Confined Spaces: A Summary of
NIOSH Surveillance and Investigative Findings. National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, 1994
DiNardi, Salvatore R. (Editor). The Occupational Environment: Its Evaluation, Control, and
Management. American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2003
Finkel, Martin H. Guidelines for Hot Work in Confined Spaces: Recommended Practices for
Industrial Hygienists and Safety Professionals. American Society of Safety Engineers, 2000
Harris, Michael K., Lindsay E. Booher and Stephanie Carter. Field Guidelines for Temporary
Ventilation of Confined Spaces. American Industrial Hygiene Association, 1996
Lack, Richard W. (Editor). The Dictionary of Terms Used in the Safety Profession. American
Society of Safety Engineers, 2001
50
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
Maslansky, Carol J. and Steven P. Maslansky. Air Monitoring Instrumentation: A Manual for
Emergency, Investigatory, and Remedial Responders. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993
McManus, Neil. Safety and Health in Confined Spaces. NorthWest Occupational Health and
Safety, a division of Training by Design, Inc. Lewis Publishers an imprint of CRC Press, 1999
Ness, Shirley A. Air Monitoring for Toxic Exposures an Integrated Approach. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1991
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Certified Equipment List.
Available as an online search at http://www2a.cdc.gov/drds/cel/cel_form_code.asp
Selected Occupational Fatalities Related to Fire and/or Explosion in Confined Work Spaces as
Found in OSHA Fatality/Catastrophe Investigations. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (U.S. DOL/OSHA), 1982
Rekus, John F. Complete Confined Spaces Handbook. Lewis Publishers an imprint of CRC
Press, 1994
Roop, Michael, Thomas Vines and Richard Wright. Confined Space and Structural Rope
Rescue (Lifeline). Mosby, Inc., 1998
Spellman, Frank R. Confined Space Entry: Guide to Compliance. CRC Press, 1998
Spencer, Amy Beasley and Guy R. Colonna. Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials.
National Fire Protection Association, 2001
51
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 – 2009
Appendix C
Examples of
Confined Space Surveys and Permits
Committee Note: These examples are included in the appendices to provide readers with an
example of some survey and permit forms used in business and industry. It is not meant to
constitute in any way that these are the only forms to use, nor does this appendices specify any
specific format or model to follow.
The information and materials contained in this appendix have been developed from
sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers
(ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited Z117 Committee or individual committee
members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness of this
material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication of this appendix
material, ASSE or the Z117 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these
recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property.
52
CONTRACTOR CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
INQUIRY
Special Rules/Requirements:
Emergency Procedures:
YES NO
Does Contractor exhibit confined space entry competence, i.e.
experience in this type of work, written procedures, testing
equipment, etc?
Is Contractor aware of requirements of applicable state/federal
standards?
Does Contractor confirm that assigned employees are trained in
confined space entry procedures?
Is Contractor equipped to handle emergencies/rescue?
Authority Contractor
Title Title
Date Date
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A10 CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION
STANDARDS
ANSI/ASSE A10.3 Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems
ANSI/ASSE A10.4 Personnel Hoists & Employee Elevators on Construction & Demolition Sites
ANSI/ASSE A10.6 Safety & Health Program Requirements for Demolition Operations
ANSI/ASSE A10.7 Safety Requirements for Transportation, Storage, Handling & Use of Commercial
e Explosives & Blasting Agents
ANSI/ASSE A10.10 Safety Requirements for Temporary & Portable Space-Heating Devices
ANSI/ASSE A10.17 Safe Operating Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Construction
ANSI/ASSE A10.18 Safety Requirements for Temporary Floor Holes, Wall Openings, Stairways & Other
Unprotected Edges
ANSI/ASSE A10.19 Safety Requirements for Pile Installation and Extraction Operations
ANSI/ASSE A10.20 Safe Operating Practices for Tile, Terrazzo, & Marble Work
ANSI/ASSE A10.22 Safety Requirements for Rope-Guided & Non-Guided Workers' Hoists
ANSI/ASSE A10.28 Safety Requirements for Work Platforms Suspended from Cranes or Derricks
ANSI/ASSE A10.31 Safety Requirements, Definitions, & Specifications for Digger Derricks
ANSI/ASSE A10.32 Fall Protection Systems for Construction & Demolition Operations
ANSI/ASSE A10.33 Safety & Health Program Requirements for Multi-Employer Projects
ANSI/ASSE A10.38 Basic Elements of an Employer's Program to Provide a Safe & Healthful Work Environment
ANSI/ASSE A10.44 Control of Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout) for Construction & Demolition
o Operations
ANSI/ASSE A10.46 Hearing Loss Prevention for Construction & Demolition Workers
ADDITIONAL STANDARDS
Z359 STANDARDS
ANSI/ASSE Z359.0 Definitions and Nomenclature Used for Fall Protection and Fall Arrest
ANSI/ASSE Z359.1 Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Subsystems and
o Components
ANSI/ASSE Z359.2 Minimum Requirements for a Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program
ANSI/ASSE Z359.3 Safety Requirements for Positioning and Travel Restraint Systems
ANSI/ASSE Z359.4 Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and
b Components
A1264 STANDARDS
A1264.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace Walking/Working Surfaces & Their Access; Workplace Floor, Wall
i & Roof Openings; Stairs & Guardrails Systems
ANSI/ASSE A1264.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace Floor & Wall Openings, Stairs & Railing Systems
ANSI/ASSE A1264.2 Standard for the Provision of Slip Resistance on Walking/Working Surfaces
ANSI/ASSE A1264.3 Technical Report: Using Variable Angle Tribometers (VAT) for Measurement of the Slip
Resistance of Walkway Surfaces
ADDITIONAL STANDARDS
ANSI/PMMI B155.1 Safety Requirements for Packaging Machinery & Packaging-Related Converting Machinery
ANSI/ASSE Z87.1 Occupational & Educational Eye & Face Protection Devices
ANSI/ASSE Z390.1 Accepted Practices for Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Training Programs
ANSI/ASSE Z490.1 Criteria for Accepted Practices in Safety, Health, & Environmental Training
ANSI/ASSE Z590.2 Criteria for Establishing the Scope & Functions of the Professional Safety Position
For a full list of standards and historical standards that ASSE has to offer please visit our website at
www.asse.org or contact customer service at 847.699.2929 or customerservice@asse.org.
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