Lipids Schematic
Lipids Schematic
Lipids Schematic
OBJECTIVE
* Describe the solubility property of animal oil and plant oil in different
solvents and solutions.
MATERIALS NEEDED
Distilled water
Animal oil/fat (ex. From pork fat, or lard)
Plant oil (cooking oil, but please take note if the label states more of
saturated or unsaturated fatty acids) ▪
Acetone
Ethanol or alcohol (70%)
Diluted HCl or muriatic acid (0.1mL HCl + 4mL water)
Medicine dropper (clean with water every after using)
Six (8) small clear glasses or small empty bottle or vials (sort of like your
test tubes)
6. Explain the health risks and benefits of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty
acids and trans fat.
Saturated fat makes up at least 50% of the cell membranes are composed of. They produce
the rigidity and integrity essential for our cells. It plays an important function in our bones'
health. At least 50% of the dietary fats should be saturated if calcium is to be properly
integrated into the skeletal structure. They protect the liver against alcohol and other poisons,
such Tylenol. The immune system improves and have antibacterial capabilities that protect
us from dangerous digestive tract germs. Monounsaturated fat can reduce the cholesterol
level of your LDL (bad). Cholesterol is a soft, waxy material capable of blocking or blocking
arteries (blood vessels). Maintaining your LDL low decreases your risk of heart and stroke.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids Important for nervous function, blood clotting, brain health, and
strength of muscle. The body requires them to work but it doesn't, therefore a person has to
obtain PUFA from his food. It means he needs to work. The membrane fluidity and several
physiological roles, including inflammation, blood clotting, blood pressure control and
cellular signaling, play a vital role. Trans fats are easy to utilize, low-cost and long-lasting.
Trans fats make meals taste and feel pleasant.
The risk of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and trans fat is that first, too much
saturated fat in your diet may increase your blood's 'bad' LDL cholesterol that can increase
the risk of heart disease and stroke. Second, at room temperature, monounsaturated fats are
liquid but solidify when refrigerated. At room temperature, saturated fats and trans fats are
solid. Such fats can raise your risk for cardiovascular disease and other health issues. Third,
polyunsaturated fat are quite unstable. All fats are oxidized at a temperature. Unsteady fats
are oxidizing. Free radicals lead to oxidation. Free radicals cause cell injury in your body that
could occur both internally and outwardly in the forms of compromised organs and quickly
aging skin. Many of these lipids can also become unstable prior to entering your body. Lastly,
trans fats raise the cholesterol of your LDL (bad). They also reduce the cholesterol of your
HDL (good). High LDL and low HDL may cause your arteries to accumulate cholesterol
(blood vessels). This raises your chance of heart and stroke.
Experiment No. 2
Objective:
1. Understand saponification as the process of making
soap.
3. By real observation, red litmus paper will turn blue and blue litmus paper, what do you
think it implies?
Red litmus paper will turn blue if it is exposed or is under basic or alkaline
conditions and solutions. Blue litmus paper will turn red if it is exposed or is under acidic
conditions and solutions.
4. Why is it advised to add common salt while preparing the soap? What is salting out?
Common salt is added to precipitate out all the soap from the aqueous solution.
Adding of common salt to soap solution decreases the solubility of soap due to which all
the soap precipitates out from the solution in the solid form. This process is called salting
out of soap.
7. If the product of saponification is subjected to test for unsaturation, what does high iodine
value indicate in relation to the degree of unsaturation of the lipid?
Iodine value is the number of grams of iodine consumed by every 100g of fat
indicating that a higher iodine value indicates higher degree of lipid unsaturation. For the
process of saponification, it can be observed for the method to have better solubility in
water contrasting its ionic properties if a more saturated concentration is utilized. Thus,
high iodine value in the test equates to higher solubility rate for saponification product.
Chief Squad
BARAQUIL, RUCHIE ANN P.
CABARON, JETHRO
DICHOS, KAYE BRANT
MONTAYRE, MA. KIMBERLY
SEVILLA, BRITZ AERON