Training Ebsilon Engl

Training
EBSILON®Professional
Dr. Hans-Peter Wolf

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018
Agenda
● EBSILON®Professional: general ● Power plant modeling: part II

presentation ○ Advanced water/steam cycle
○ Identification methods and tools
● Power plant modeling: part I ○ Excel import/export
○ Topology design
○ Simulation and viewing results ● Combined cycle powerplant modelling:
○ Design and Off-Design ○ gas turbine
calculations ○ heat recovery steam generator
○ Power plant efficiency
○ controllers ● EbsScript
○ parameter studies
○ air and fluegas path
● Component library
AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 2

EBSILON Success Story
<1991 Calculation kernel (Prof.Janicka) 1991 HEW (now Vattenfall)

Graphical User Interface (DOS) 1992 Preussenelektra (now Vattenfall)
1996 Data validation 1993 STEAG
1997 1. Windows-Implementation 1994 Bayernwerk
2000 Re-Design of User Interface 1996 VEAG (now Vattenfall)
EbsScript, Interfaces 1997 RWE
2001 EPOS-Modules 2000 BEWAG (now Vattenfall)
2003 Boiler components 2003 China, India, …
2005 Interface to SRx (online 2004 Spain, Sweden, …
modules)
more than 1000 licenses
more than 60 universities / research
153 components institutes
350 EbsScript-functions more than 60 Online-Systems in more
than 40 power plants

EBSILON Features
EBSILON®Professional is a tool for the creation of simulation models of almost all kinds of
stationary thermal power processes (fossile, nuclear, solarthermal, CCPP, CHP, ORC, Kalina
and refrigeration processes) in full and part load
● User friendliness by intuitive handling (100 % Windows compliant)

● No programming skills required
● Graphical objects for components and pipes (component library)
● Complete observance of physical laws
● No restrictions regarding variety and size of the model
● Easy expandability of existing models
● Design calculation possible
● Complete and partial part load calculation possible
● Extension by self-defined components (Macros) possible
● Large number of fluids considered (water/steam, air, fluegas, coals, oils, gases,
refrigerants, seawater, mixtures, self-defined fluids)
● Fast diagnosis of topology- and specification errors
● Multilingual User Interface (German, English, French, Spanish, Turkish, Chinese)
● different Unit Systems (SI, BTU + other units)

EBSILON Features
Licenses:
● EBSILON®Professional consists of a CD (not licensed)

● and a license (time-limited or unlimited), in form of :
- single workstation dongle (USB or Parallel),
- network dongle
- Keycode
● Additional to the base license extra options can be obtained, e.g.

- EbsScript (programming language similar to Pascal)
- EbsValidate (data validation/reconciliation)
- EbsHTML (Export of model and its results to HTML)
- EbsOptimize („genetic“ optimzation algorithm)
- EbsBoiler (detailed boiler components)
- EbsGTLib (gasturbine library)
- EPOS (additional modules for Online-Systems)

Overview of training objectives
● Global aim: learn about power plant modeling using EBSILON

● Single steps: learn how to
- Build the geometry / topology of the power plant by drag and drop
o Windows „look and feel“
o Tools to put the necessary information into a nice form
o Understand what happens „behind the screen“ when you build the
model
- Make the model run free of errors/warnings
o Learn about the error messages
o Learn about typical pitfalls in modeling
o Learn how to influence the model by the numerous parameters
(specification values or spec. values)
o Learn about design and part load calculation
- Make the results fit operational data, water / steam cycle schemes or any
other data set as good as necessary.
- Learn about methods and tools for component identification, that is
intented to automatically determine the spec. values
- Let EBSILON do a routine work for you by using EbsScript
Training methods
● Learning by Doing
● For the next sessions this will be
- Installation of software if not already done or if difficulties encountered
- Build simple power plant, guided by an online demo
- Experience the model behavior by some simple parameter studies:
○ Error analysis
○ Design and part load calculation
○ Try fixed pressure and sliding pressure operation
- Experience the behavior of important components in case studies
○ Turbine
○ Condenser
○ Preheater
○ Heatexchanger
- Experience the power of control components
○ Calculate steam flow required for given power output
○ Add combustion and simple flue gas path

The most important components
Furnace Cooling tower Valve
Steam generator Feed water tank Splitter
Turbine Compressor Pipe loss
Condenser Heat exchanger Mixer
Generator Motor + Pump

Types of Pipelines
Types of Pipelines (Fluids)

Air
Flue gas
Water (fluid)
Oil
Cooling water
Gas
Heating water
Coal / Ash
Steam
Electrical
High press.Steam
Shaft
Med. press.Steam
Logical
Ref.Val. Low press.Steam
Act.Val.

Exercise
● Create the topology of a simple power cycle (Clausius Rankine cycle)

→ Step1.ebs
Components to be used:
- Steam generator
- Steam turbine
- Generator
- Condenser
- Cooling water pump
- Feed water pump

Exercise
● Specify the values given in the data below
● Data for the main steam:

- T = 540 °C,
- P = 200 bar,
- M = 150 kg/s,
● Data for the condenser:

- P[cond] = 0.1 bar
- T[coolingwater] = 20 °C
● Close the circuit by providing on pin 2 of the turbine

- M = 0 kg/s
→ Step2.ebs
Exercise
● Try to perform a simulation
● Analyze and eliminate errors → Step3.ebs
● Analyze and eliminate warnings → Step4.ebs

Exercise
● Introduce value crosses
● Learn how the layout can be controlled and refined
→ Step5.ebs

Full load / part load
Full load (Design case, Nominal case)

Components operate at design/nominal conditions
● A Design calculation determines the nominal values of the
components.
Part load (Off-Design)

Components calculate using
● Nominal values from design calculation
● And characteristic lines or physical relations for part-load conditions
(Stodola, heat transfer)
Identification (only „local“ to a component)

● A component in identification mode calculates a nominal value from
a value which is specified from outside (e.g. outlet temperature of
heat-exchanger, outlet enthalpy of turbine)
Exercise
● Add value cross to turbine to visualize turbine efficiency
● Perform design calculation with 100% load
● Part load calculation with 100 % (→ profile “offdesign_100”)

(before doing that please activate massflow-dependant charline of
turbine in Design-profile)
● Part load calculation with 50% (→ profile “offdesign_50”)
● Design with 50% (→ profile “design_50”)
● Compare the electrical output for the last two cases.
→ Step6.ebs
Exercise
● Make the turbine to determine the life steam pressure (using

the “law of Stodola”, a.k.a. “law of the ellipses”)
● Which modifications are necessary?
→ Step7.ebs

Full load / part load
The Design case normally is
● Global, i.e. for all components (but can be dependant on the profile)
„light bulb“-button, Model option
But
● Individual components can be „Local off-design“, (can also be dependant
on the profile)
Specification value FMODE (calculation mode)
• GLOBAL
• Local part load (overwrites global setting)
Usually :
root-Profile: full load (design case)
Sub-profiles: part load

Exercise
● Introduce the efficiency meter
● Visualize the process efficiency (gross)
● Add value cross to visualize power produced by the boiler
→ Step8.ebs

Exercise
● Determine the net process efficiency by taking into account the

power plant´s internal consumption
● Add value cross to visualize net power produced
→ Step9.ebs

Exercise
● Perform parameter study with three profiles under part load

conditions
● See how the efficiency changes
● Data:
- Cooling water temperature variation in the three profiles :
• T = 10, 20, 25 °C
● Create a x-y-Diagram, which shows how the cycle efficiencies

(gross + net) depend on the cooling water temperature
(hint: Extras -> Diagrams -> XY-Diagrams)
→ Step10.ebs

Exercise
● Introduce text fields
● Include the gross / net efficiency values and the cooling water
temperature into the text fields
● Display the efficiencies as percent-values using 2 decimal

digits
(hint: use Online-help of text field to find out about syntax)
→ Step11.ebs

Exercise
● Introduce a controller with internal set value (comp. 39).

The controller should correct the feedwater mass flow to
achieve a given generator power.
● Create 3 subprofiles for the scheduled generator powers

150 MW, 120 MW and 90 MW
● Change some specification values of the controller (damping,

controller start, etc.)
● Observe the convergence diagram
→ Step12.ebs

Exercise
● Hide the elements that are not necessary to observe or that

you don’t want to be seen (i.e. controllers, summarizers, logical
lines)
→ Step13.ebs

Exercise
● Insert a simple flue gas part (furnace + fuel inlet + air inlet +
hot flue gas outlet)
● Compute the coal mass flow for the given boiler power output
introducing a controller with external set value (comp.12).
The controller should compare the power requested by the
boiler with the power generated by the furnace.
● Calculate the block net efficiency and the boiler efficiency
→ Step14.ebs

Summary of Basic Training
● Learning by Doing
● Learned how to choose components, connect lines, topology creation
● Learned about the definition of the physical behavior of components: nominal values
by design calculation, part load definition by characteristic curves, structure of
characteristic curves
● Made first experience with error analysis
● Understood the difference between part load and design calculation, learned about
Profiles as a tool to manage calculation datasets.
● Learned the usage of value crosses and text boxes and how to include formula in
text boxes
● Learned about control components: efficiency meter, power summarizer, difference

meter, controller with internal and external set point
● Learned how to improve the model layout

Hotline :
0049 6251 105911
info@ebsilon.com

Advanced Exercise

Exercise
● Create the topology of easy_pp (easy power plant) using demo

example
● Perform calculation in design mode
remark: for succeeding off-design calculations please activate the mass-dependant

efficiency charline in all turbines.
→ Easy_PP_Step1.ebs
● Remove warnings

Exercise
● Create a hs- and Ts-Diagram of the turbine expansion.
● Change the nominal isentropic efficiency of the last stage of

the LP-turbine. Check the h-s-Diagram
● Create a QT-Diagram of the HP-heaters
● Change the upper terminal temperature difference of the

HP-heater to -10 K and create a QT-Diagram.
● Reset the values of the LP-turbine and the HP-heater back to

the original values.

Exercise
● Identify the high pressure turbine using T[ext] = 330 °C

● Identify the low pressure feed water preheater using T2 = 130 °C
● Identify the low pressure after cooler using T4 = 44 °C
● Identify the desuperheater using T4 = 195 °C
● Identification means: determine nominal values (i.e. design values)

and also the part load characteristic by specifying “boundary
conditions”
● Control the identification in “100% part load” profile switching to

the simulation mode

Exercise
● Create subprofiles using EbsScript
● EbsScript is used to automate routine actions. The Pascal

programming language is being used
● Manually create a 100% off-Design profile “Master_partload”.
● In EbsScript vary the feed water mass flow from 200 kg/s to
120 kg/s with step 20 kg/s and create subprofiles of
Master_partload
● Check the results by comparing the subprofiles

Exercise
● Introduce a power output controller. The controller should

control the feedwater massflow to achieve the requested power
● Automate the input of requested power using EbsScript and

inserting a button

Exercise
Excel data export/import:
● Standard Excel Export : predefined layout. Used to document spec.values

of components (select components by flag list or by setting inside
component) to the “Workbook” .
Also possible to import values into the profile from “Workbook”
● User Excel Import : user defined layout . It is mainly used to read profile
specific values into different profiles.
Exercise: Import the temperature values at the turbine extraction E1 for

different profiles (use EbsIdentInputData.xls)
● hint: give meaningful names to components which you use in EbsScript

or which you import from Excel)

Exercise
● Identify the turbine_E1 in design mode and at part load

conditions (using the values which were imported into the
subprofiles by User Excel).
● Fit its mass dependent characteristic line by manually entering

the relative efficiencies (ETAETAN) and the relative massflows
(M1M1N) of the subprofiles into the characteristic line of the
design profile.
● Control the fitting results (check the temperature in the

extraction of turbine_E1) switching to the char. lines mode
● View the hs-diagram of the turbine stages
Exercise
To automate fitting :
● Fit the mass dependent characteristic lines of turbine_E1

using EbsScript
● Control the results of fitting switching to the char. lines mode

(in sub-profiles)

Exercise
● Protect the nominal values of all the components obtained in

design mode by switching the affected components to “Local
off design”
This will protect the nominal values, when you do design
calculations for additional components

Exercise
Polynomial adaption of the turbine efficiency :
● Export the characteristic line for the isentropic efficiency of

Turbine_E1 to Excel.
● Fit a square function to the discrete values of the characteristic

line and create the equation of the polynomial.
● Enter the equation which you have found into Turbine_E1.

Hint: the relative massflow has to be used in the equation.
● Compare the results of the adaption polynomial with the results

of the characteristic line.

Summary of 2nd day
● Identification of main steam/water cycle components: how to match simulation to

given data sets
● First EbsScript program utilized. Introduction to EbsScript as Pascal language
● Use of buttons
● EbsScript usage: working with multiple profiles
● Excel Import/Export. Difference between Standard and User Excel
● GLOBAL/Local off design: how to protect the nominal values in design mode
● EbsIdent usage: improving char. lines by polynomial fitting

Diagrams (Convergence Diagram)
Possible reasons:
- Large pressure drops
no convergence
- Contradicting specifications
- overdeterminations
- controllers not damped
convergence
Possible remedies:
- smaller pressure drops
- remove overdeterminations
- increase controller damping and/or
model relaxation

Diagrams (Controller Convergence)
Improvement of controller and model

convergence by „very high damping“
instead of „no damping“ of controller
150 iteration steps instead of 450 steps

Diagrams (QT-diagram)

Diagrams (hs-diagram)
hs-diagram of steam turbine

Diagrams (Ts-diagram)
Ts-diagram of complete
water-steam cycle

Tools (Fluid Properties)
Water-steam table properties

or air-fluegas properties can
be calculated

Solution method
Variables: pl, hl, ml on all pipes

Equations: components define relations
fk (pl, hl, ml) between the pipes
Circuit Specification
values
Nonlinear System of
equations
Calculated values
Iterative solution of
Matrix
Result pl, hl, ml


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Training

Dr. Hans-Peter Wolf

● EBSILON®Professional: general ● Power plant modeling: part II

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 2

<1991 Calculation kernel (Prof.Janicka) 1991 HEW (now Vattenfall)

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 3

● User friendliness by intuitive handling (100 % Windows compliant)

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 4

● EBSILON®Professional consists of a CD (not licensed)

● Additional to the base license extra options can be obtained, e.g.

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 5

● Global aim: learn about power plant modeling using EBSILON

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 7

Furnace Cooling tower Valve

Steam generator Feed water tank Splitter

Turbine Compressor Pipe loss

Condenser Heat exchanger Mixer

Generator Motor + Pump

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 8

Types of Pipelines (Fluids)

Ref.Val. Low press.Steam

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 9

● Create the topology of a simple power cycle (Clausius Rankine cycle)

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 10

● Specify the values given in the data below

● Data for the main steam:

● Data for the condenser:

● Close the circuit by providing on pin 2 of the turbine

● Try to perform a simulation

● Analyze and eliminate errors → Step3.ebs

● Analyze and eliminate warnings → Step4.ebs

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 12

● Introduce value crosses

● Learn how the layout can be controlled and refined

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 13

Full load (Design case, Nominal case)

Part load (Off-Design)

Identification (only „local“ to a component)

● Add value cross to turbine to visualize turbine efficiency

● Perform design calculation with 100% load

● Part load calculation with 100 % (→ profile “offdesign_100”)

● Part load calculation with 50% (→ profile “offdesign_50”)

● Design with 50% (→ profile “design_50”)

● Compare the electrical output for the last two cases.

● Make the turbine to determine the life steam pressure (using

● Which modifications are necessary?

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 16

The Design case normally is

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 17

● Introduce the efficiency meter

● Visualize the process efficiency (gross)

● Add value cross to visualize power produced by the boiler

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 18

● Determine the net process efficiency by taking into account the

● Add value cross to visualize net power produced

AGH Letniej Szkoły Energetyki 2018 EBSILON Professional Training 19

● Perform parameter study with three profiles under part load

● See how the efficiency changes

● Create a x-y-Diagram, which shows how the cycle efficiencies