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SYLLABUS
Wills and Succession

General Provisions (Arts. 774 – 782)

A. Succession vs Inheritance

B. Elements of Succession
1. A mode of acquisition
2. Transmission of the inheritance
 Of property
Butte v Manuel Uy and Sons, 4 SCRA 526
 Of rights
National Housing Authority v Almeida, 525 SCRA 383
 Of obligations
Estate of Hemady v Luzon Surety, 100 Phil 388
 Transmission through the estate
Limjoco v Estate of Fragante, 80 Phil 776
3. Object of succession
 Future property v future inheritance
Santos v Blas, 1 SCRA 899
De Belen vda de Cabalu v Tabu, 681 SCRA 625
4. Death of the decedent
 Succession inter vivos (Arts. 50, 51 and 52, Family Code)
 Contractual succession (Art. 1331 old Civil Code, Art. 130 new Civil Code, Art. 84,
Family Code)
5. Succession by will and intestate succession

C. Definition of “decedent”, “testator”, “heir”, “devisee” and “legatee”

1. Distinction among “heirs”, “devisees”, and “legatees”
2. Importance of the distinction between devisees/legatees and heir

D. The inheritance of a person (Arts. 776 and 781)

E. Opening of succession (Art. 777)

1. Significance of the time of death
2. Consequences of Art. 777
Bonilla v Barcena, 71 SCRA 491
Salvador v Sta. Maria, 20 SCRA 603
Ramirez v Baltazar, 24 SCRA 918
Puno v Puno Enterprises, Inc., 599 SCRA 585
Reyes v RTC Branch 142, 561 SCRA 593
De Borja v vda, de Borja, 46 SCRA 577
Lee v RTC Branch 85, 423 SCRA 497
Heirs of Sandejas v Lina, 351 SCRA 183
Santos v Lumbao, 519 SCRA 408

F. Different types of Succession

1. Testate
2. Intestate
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3. Mixed
Rodriguez et al., v Borja et al., 17 SCRA 418

TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION

1. Wills in General (Arts. 783 – 795)

A. Characteristics of a Will
B. Testator’s Power of Control over the Estate and its Limitations
 Control over the legitime (Art. 886)
 The reservable property (Art. 891)
 Disposition in favor of the mistress (Nepomuceno v CA, 139 SCRA 206)
 Limitation under a fideicommissary substitution (Art. 863)
 Condition not to marry (Art. 874)
 Disposicion captatoria (Art. 875)
 Disposition in favor of an incapacitated person (Art. 1031)

C. Necessity of Conveyance of Property (Arts. 783 and 838)

Seangio v Reyes, 508 SCRA 177

D. Delegation of Power (Arts. 784, 785, 786 and 1030)

E. Imperfect Testamentary Dispositions (Art. 789

 Types of Defects
 Remedial Measures (Sections 9 and 23, Rule 130, Rules of Court)

F. Rules of Interpretation (Arts. 788, 790 and 791)

De Roma v Court of Appeals, 152 SCRA 205
Dizon-Rivera v Dizon, 33 SCRA 554
Vda. de Villaflor v Juico, 4 SCRA 550

G. Rules of Severability (Art. 792)

Balanay, Jr. v Martinez, 64 SCRA 454

H. Property acquired after making the will (Art. 793)

 Distinguished from Art. 781

I. Grant of Full Interest (Arts. 794 and 869)

 Grant of greater interest (Arts. 929 and 931)

J. Governing Law of Formal Validity (Art. 795)

 As to time of execution of the will
 As to the place of execution of the will
 Governing law of Substantive Validity of a will
Bellis v Bellis, 20 SCRA 358

2. Testamentary Capacity and Intent (Arts. 796 – 804)

A. Testamentary Capacity (Arts. 796, 797 and 798; see also Arts. 37, 38 and 39)
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B. Soundness of the mind (Arts. 799 and 800)

De Guzman v Intestate Estate of Francisco Benitez, 169 SCRA 284
Baltazar v Laxa, 669 SCRA 249

C. Supervening Incapacity (Art. 801)

D. Testamentary Capacity of a Married Woman (Arts. 802 and 803)

3. Forms of Wills (Arts. 804 – 819)

A. Notarial Will (Arts. 804 to 808)

 Purpose of the Formalities
 Written instrument
 Language Requirement
Suroza v Honrado, 110 SCRA 388
Reyes v vda. de Vidal, 2 SCUD 53
 Testator’s signature at the end of the will
Taboada v Rosal, 118 SCRA 195
 Customary signature; facsimile signature
 Testator signing through an agent
Balonan v Abellana, 109 Phil 359
 Attested and subscribed by three credible witnesses
Icasiano v Icasiano, 11 SCRA 422
 Credible v Competent Witnesses
 Test of presence
Nera v Rimando, 18 Phil 450
 Signatures on the left margin
 Pagination Requirement
Lopez v Liboro, 81 Phil 429
 Attestation Clause
 Failure to state the number of pages
Taboada v Rosal, 118 SCRA 195
 Error in indicating the number of pages
Samaniego-Celada v Abena, 556 SCRA 569
Lopez v Lopez, 685 SCRA 209
 Failure to state the number of witnesses
Testate Estate of Alipio Adaba v Abaja, 450 SCRA 264
 Failure to state that the testator signed through an agent
Garcia v Lacuesta, 90 Phil 489
 Attesting Signatures
Cagro v Cagro, 92 Phil 1032
 Fatally Defective Attestation Clause
Azuela v Court of Appeals, 487 SCRA 119
 Conflicting Testimonies of Witnesses
Vda. de Ramos v Court of Appeals, 81 SCRA 393
 Acknowledgment Before a Notary Public
 Definition of acknowledgment
 Role of Notary Public
 Disqualifications of a Notary Public’
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Guerrero v Bihis, 521 SCRA 394

Cruz v Villasor, 54 SCRA 31
 Testator and Witnesses to acknowledge the will
Garcia v Gatchalian, 21 SCRA 1056
 Special Formalities for the Deaf and Deaf-Mutes (Art. 807)
 Special Formalities for the Blind (Art. 808)
Garcia v Vasquez, 32 SCRA 490
Alvarado v Gaviola, 226 SCRA 347
 Doctrine of Liberal Interpretation (Art. 809)
Gil v Murciano, 88 Phil 260
Caneda v Court of Appeals, 222 SCRA 781

B. Holographic Will (Art. 810)

 Testator’s Objective
 Purpose of a holographic will
 Requisites of a Holographic Will
 Entirely handwritten
 Dated by the hand of the testator
Roxas v de Jesus, 134 SCRA 245
Labrador v Court of Appeals, 184 SCRA 170
 Proving the Authenticity of a Holographic Will (Art. 811)
Azaola v Singzon, 109 Phil 102
Codoy v Calugay, 312 SCRA 333
 Dispositions after the Testator’s Signature (Art. 812)
 Undated dispositions (Art. 813)
 Insertions, Cancellations, Erasures and Alterations (Art. 814)
Kalaw v Relova, 132 SCRA 237
Ajero v Court of Appeals, 236 SCRA 488

C. Conflict Rules on Formal Validity of Wills (Arts. 815, 816 and 817)
Vda. de Perez v Tolete, 232 SCRA 722

D. Joint Wills (Arts. 818 and 819)

De la Cerna v Rebaca-Potot, 12 SCRA 576

4. Witnesses to a Will (Arts. 820 – 824)

A. Qualifications of a Witness (Art. 820)

B. Credible v Competent Witness

Gonzales v Court of Appeals, 90 SCRA 187

C. Disqualifications of a Witness (Art. 821)

D. Subsequent Incompetence (Art. 822)

E. Testamentary Dispositions in favor of a Witness (Art. 823)

 Exception to the rule

 The disqualification under Article 1032
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 Creditor as a witness (Art. 824)

 Compulsory heir as a witness

5. Codicils and Incorporation by Reference (Arts. 825 – 827)

A. Definition and Function of a Codicil (Art. 825)

B. Formal Requisites of a Codicil (Art. 826)

C. Requisites of Incorporation by Reference (Art. 827)

6. Revocation of Wills and Testamentary Dispositions (Arts. 828 – 834)

A. Ambulatory nature of a will (Art. 828)

B. Conflict Rules on Revocation (Art. 829)

C. Modes of Revoking a Will (Art. 830)

 By implication of law (Arts. 44 and 63, Family Code)

 By the execution of another will or codicil
Doctrine of Dependent Relative Revocation (Samson v Naval, 41 Phil 383)
 Express, Implied and Conditional Revocation
 Requisites of a Valid Revocation by means of a subsequent will
 Revocation by Means of an Overt Act; Requisites
Testate Estate of Adriana Maloto v Court of Appeals, 158 SCRA 451
 Presumed Revocation
Gago v Mamuyac, 49 Phil 902
 Implied Revocation (Art. 831)
 Inoperative Revoking Will (Art, 832)
 Revocation Based on a False Cause (Art. 833)

D. Effect of Revocation on the Recognition of an Illegitimate Child (Art. 834) (See also Arts.
172 and 175, Family Code)
 Effect of Denial of Probate

7. Republication and Revival of Wills (Arts. 835 – 837)

A. Definition of Republication

B. Forms of Republication

C. Effects of Republication

D. Concept of Revival of Wills

8. Allowance and Disallowance of Wills (Arts. 838 – 839)

A. Necessity of Probate (Art. 838)

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Rodriguez v Rodriguez, 642 SCRA 642

Heirs of Rosendo Lasam v Umengan, 510 SCRA 496

B. Jurisdiction of the Probate Court; Effects of Judgment

Gallanosa v Arcangel, 83 SCRA 676

C. Extrinsic v Intrinsic Validity

Dorotheo v Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 12

D. Issue of Ownership
Pastor v Court of Appeals, 122 SCRA 885
Jimenez v Intermediate Appellate Court, 184 SCRA 367

E. Exception to the Scope of Inquiry

Nepomuceno v Court of Appeals, 139 SCRA 206

F. Types of Probate
 Ante-mortem Probate
 Post-mortem Probate
 Reprobate of a Will

G. Presentment of the will

H. Probate of a Lost Will

Gan v Yap, 104 Phil 509

I. Secondary Evidence of a Lost Will

Rodelas v Aranza, 119 SCRA 16

J. Grounds for the Disallowance of a Will (Art. 839)

 Want of Capacity
 Non-compliance with formalities
 Vice of Consent (See Arts. 1331, 1335, 1337 and 1338)
Baltazar v Laxa, 669 SCRA 249
Pascual v de la Cruz, 28 SCRA 421
Ozaeta v Cuartero, 99 SCRA 1041
Coso v Fernandez Deza, 42 Phil 596
Ortega v Valmonte, 478 SCRA 247

9. Institution of Heirs (Arts. 840 – 856)

A. Concept of Institution (Art. 840)

 Requisites

B. Institution of Heirs not Necessary (Art. 841)

C. Complete Distribution of the Estate not Necessary

D. Freedom to Dispose the Estate (Art. 842)

 Limitations on the Power of the Testator to Dispose his Estate
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E. Designation of Heirs (Arts. 843, 844, and 845)

F. Rule of Equality (Arts. 846 and 848)

Dizon-Rivera v Dizon, 33 SCRA 554

G. Collective Institution (Art. 847)

H. Simultaneous vs. Successive Institution (Art. 849)

I. Institution Based on a False Cause (Art. 850)

Austria v Reyes, 31 SCRA 754

J. Causes of Partial Intestacy (Art. 851)

K. Adjustments of Shares (Arts. 852 and 853)

L. Preterition (Art. 854)

 Statutory Protection of the Legitime (Arts. 854, 906 and 1061)

 Requisites of Preterition
 Total Omission
Aznar v Duncan, 17 SCRA 590
 Omitted Compulsory Heir in the Direct Line
Balanay v Martinez, 64 SCRA 454
Acain v Intermediate Appellate Court, 155 SCRA 100
 Distinction between Preterition and Ineffective Disinheritance
 Effects of Preterition
 Preterition as an Issue of Substantive Validity of the Will
Nuguid v Nuguid, 17 SCRA 449
 Preterition is Governed by the National Law of the Decedent
Cayetano v Leonidas, 129 SCRA 522
 Where Omission is not total (Art. 855)

M. Representation in Testamentary Succession (Art. 856)

10. Substitution of Heirs (Arts. 857 – 870)

A. Definition of “substitution” and its deficiency

B. Objective of Substitution

D. Types of Substitution
 Simple substitution; grounds (Art. 859)
 Brief and Compendious (Art. 860)
 Reciprocal (Art. 861)
 Substitution among Voluntary and Compulsory Heirs
 Fideicommissary (Art. 863)
 Requisites
 Policy on Successive Institutions
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 Distinguished from a testamentary trust (vda. de Mapa v CA, 154 SCRA 294)
 Meaning of one degree apart (Ramirez v Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704)
 Duty to preserve and to transmit (Crisologo v Singson, 4 SCRA 491)
 Limitations (Arts. 864 and 865)
 Acquisition of ownership (Art. 866)
 Prohibited stipulations (Art. 867)
 Nullity of substitution (Art. 868)
 Prohibition to Alienate Property (Art. 870; Rodriguez v CA, 27 SCRA 546)

11. Conditional Testamentary Dispositions and Testamentary Dispositions with a Term (Arts.
871 – 885)

A. Definition of Condition (See Arts. 1179, 1182, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187)

B. Definition of a Term (See Arts. 1193)

C. Exclusion of the Legitime (Art. 872)

D. Different Types of Conditions

 Impossible (Art. 873; see also Art. 1183)

 Effect
 Time of Impossibility
 Condition not to Marry (Art. 874)
 Disposition captatoria (Art. 875)
 Purely Potestative (Art. 876)
 Time of compliance
 Casual and Mixed Conditions (Art. 877)
 Time of fulfillment
 Potestative (Art. 879)
 Negative Potestative; caucion muciana

E. Institution with a Term (Arts. 878 and 885)

 Suspensive Term; effect

 Resolutory Term; effect

F. Disposition of Property Prior to the fulfillment of a Suspensive Condition or Term (Arts.

880, 881 and 885)

G. Modal Institution (Art. 882)

Rabadilla v Court of Appeals, 334 SCRA 522

 Analogous Compliance (Art. 883)

 Prevention Principle

H. Modal and Conditional Institutions Compared

12. Legitime (Arts. 886 – 914)

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A. Definition of Legitime (Art. 886)

 Inclusion into the Institution

B. Compulsory Heirs and their Classification (Art. 887)

 Qualification under Art. 992
 Classification of Illegitimate Children (Art. 165, Family Code)

C. Legitime of Legitimate Children and Legitimate Descendants (Art. 888)

Francisco v Francisco-Alfonso, 354 SCRA 112
 Representation of legitimate descendants
 Exclusion of ascendants (Baritua v CA, 183 SCRA 565)

D. Legitimate Parents and legitimate ascendants (Art. 889)

 Consolidation of legitime to surviving parent (Art. 890)
 Division per stirpes among legitimate ascendants (Art. 890)

E. Reserva Troncal (Art. 891)

 History of the reservas
 Objective of the reserve
 The Origin and the First Transmission of Title
Chua v CFI of Negros Occidental, 78 SCRA 414
 Treatment of Simulated Sales
 The Prepositus and his power to thwart the reserve
 The Reservor and the Second Transmission of Title
Solivio v Court of Appeals, 182 SCRA 119
Lacerna v vda. de Corsino, 1 SCRA 1227
 Transmission of title to the Reservor
 Reservor’s title to the Reservable Property (Edroso v Sablan, 25 Phil 295)
 Reservor as a conditional heir (Sienes v Esparcia, 1 SCRA 750)
 Fulfillment of the double resolutory condition (Florentino v Florentino, 40 Phil 480)
 The Reservees
 Legitimacy is required (Nieva v Alcala, 41 Phil 915)
 Determination of the reservees (de papa v Camacho, 144 SCRA 281)
 Distribution of the reservable property (reserva integral and delayed intestacy)
Padura v Baldovino, 104 Phil 1065
 The right of representation
 Rule of Equal Division
 Accdidental Transfer of Property nor Required (Gonzales v CFI, 104 SCRA 481)
 The Encumbrance on the Reservable Property
Sumaya v Intermediate Appellate Court, 201 SCRA 178
 Reserva Minima and Reserva Maxima
 Extinguishment of the Reserva (Carillo v de Paz, 18 SCRA 467)

F. Legitime of the Surviving Spouse

 Concurring with one or more legitimate children (Art. 892)
 Source of the legitime of the spouse (Art. 892)
 Effect of Divorce (Van Dorn v Romillo, 139 SCRA139)
 Effects of Legal Separation (Art. 63, Family Code)
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 Effects of Marriages Terminated by Judicial Decree (Arts. 40, 41, 42, 43 and 50,
Family Code)
 Concurring with legitimate parents or legitimate ascendants (Art. 893)
 Concurring with illegitimate children (Art. 894)
 Preference of Spouse over Illegitimate Children
 Sufficiency of the Hereditary Estate; reduction of legitime
 Inheriting alone (Art. 900)

G. Illegitimate Children
 Concurring with legitimate parents or legitimate ascendants (Art. 896)
 Concurring with legitimate children and surviving spouse (Art. 897)
 Concurring with legitimate parents or legitimate ascendants and spouse (Art. 899)
 Inheriting alone (Art. 901)
 Right of Representation of Illegitimate Children (Art. 902)
 Discriminatory Effect of Art. 992

H. Illegitimate Parents (Art. 903)

13. Disinheritance (Arts. 915 – 923)

A. Concept and Scope of Disinheritance (Art. 915)

B. Requisites of a Valid Disinheritance (Art. 916)

 Proof of ground for disinheritance (Art. 917)

C. Ineffective Disinheritance; effect (Art. 918)

 Recovery under a void disinheritance

D. Grounds to Disinherit a Child or Descendant (Art. 919)

 Attempt on the Life; scope and exclusions
 Necessity of conviction by final judgment
 Degree of participation (See Arts. 16, 17, 18 and 19, Revised Penal Code)
 False Accusation
 Direct and Indirect Accusation
 Necessity of Definitive Acquittal
 Adultery and Concubinage
 Necessity of Conviction by final judgment
 Fraud or Coercion (See Arts. 1335, 1337 and 1338)
 Necessity of Executing a New Will
 Refusal to Give Support (See Arts. 194, 195, 201 and 202, Family Code)
 Maltreatment of the Testator (Seangio v Reyes, 508 SCRA 117)
 Leading a Disgraceful Life
 Civil Interdiction (See Art. 41, Revised Penal Code)

E. Grounds to Disinherit a Parent or Ascendant (Art. 920)

 Abandonment of Children, concept (See Art. 276 Revised Penal Code)
 Inducing the Child to Live a Corrupt or Immoral Life
 Attempt on their Virtue
 Loss of Parental Authority (See Arts. 229, 230, 231, 232, Family Code)
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 Recovery of Parental Authority; effect

 Attempt of a Parent on the Life of the Other
 Non-necessity of Prior Conviction
 Effect of Reconciliation between the Parents
 Conflict with Paragraph 2 of Art. 920

F. Grounds to Disinherit a Spouse

 Giving Cause for Legal Separation (See Art. 55, Family Code)
 Effect of Reconciliation (Bugayong v Ginez, 100 Phil 616)

G. Grounds Common to Disinheritance and Incapacity by Reason of Unworthiness

 Obliterating the effect of Disinheritance (Art. 922); Unworthiness (Art. 1033)

H. Representation of the Disinherited Heir (Art. 923)

14. Legacies and Devises (Arts. 924 – 959)

A. Concept of Legacies and Devises (Art. 924)

B. Burden of Legacies and Devises (Art. 925)

C. Individual and Collective Responsibility for Legacies and Devises (Art. 926)

D. Responsibility for the Loss of the thing (Art. 927)

E. Warranty for Generic Legacies and Devises (Art. 928)

 For eviction
 For hidden defects (See Art. 1547)

F. Legacies and Devises as to the Extent of the Ownership of the Testator

 Gift of Property Partly Owned by the Testator (Art. 929)
 Gift of Property Erroneously Believed by the Testator to be his (Art. 930)
 Gift of Property Belonging to Another (Art. 931)
 Limitation on the Obligation to Acquire the Property
 Gift of Property Already Owned by the Legatee or Devisee (Arts. 932 and 933)

G. Legacy of Encumbered Property (Arts. 934 and 946)

H. Legacy of Credit or Remission (Arts. 935, 936 and 937)

 Legacy of Future Credit; Legacy of Remission Involving Future Debts
 Documentation of Assignment of Credit and Remission of Debts
 Transfer of Accessories
 Extinguishment of the Legacy of Credit

I. Legacy to a Creditor (Art. 938)

 Application of the Legacy to the Credit
 Proof of Creditor’s Claim
 Erroneous Order of Payment; Excessive Payment (Art. 939)
 Order to Pay Natural Obligation (See Art. 1423)
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J. Alternative Legacies and Devises (Arts. 940, 941, 942 and 943; see also Arts. 1199 to
1206, inclusive)

K. Legacy for Education and Support (Art. 944)

 Termination of Support

L. Legacy of Pension (Art. 945)

M. Acquisition of Rights to the Legacy or Devise (Art. 947) and to the Fruits (Arts. 948 and
949)

N. Order of Reduction of Legacies and Devices (no compulsory heirs) (Art. 950)

O. Delivery of Legacies and Devises

 Deliver of Accessions and Accessories (Art. 951; see also Art. 440)
 Delivery of Legacy cannot be substituted with payment of its value (Art. 952)
 Request for Delivery (Art. 953)
 Partly Onerous and Partly Gratuitous Legacies/Devises (Arts. 954 and 955)

P. Ineffective Legacies and Devises (Arts. 956 and 957)

Q. Mistake as to the name of the thing (Art. 958)

LEGAL OR INTESTATE SUCCESSION

1. General Provisions (Arts. 960 – 962)

A. Causes of Intestacy (Art. 960)

B. Preference of Testacy over Intestacy (Rodriguez v Borja, 17 SCRA 418)

C. Intestacy Based on the Presumed Will of the Decedent

D. The Rules of Proximity and Equal Division (Art. 962)

De los Santos v de la Cruz, 37 SCRA 555
Bagunu v Piedad, 347 SCRA 571
Heirs of Uriarte v Court of Appeals, 284 SCRA 511
 Exceptions to the Rules of Proximity and Equal Division

2. Relationship (Arts. 963 – 969)

3. Right of Representation (Arts. 970 – 977)

A. Concept of Representation

B. Availability and Scope

C. Basic Principles of Representation

De la Puerta v Court of Appeals, 181 SCRA 861
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Sayson v Court of Appeals, 205 SCRA 321

D. Representation in the Direct Descending Line (Art. 972)

 Representation in the Collateral Line
 Nephews and Nieces Exclude Uncles and Aunts (Abellana-Bacayo v Ferraris-
Borromeo,14 SCRA 986)
 Representation of Illegitimate Brothers and Sisters

E. Capacity of the Representative (Art. 973)

F. Division per stirpes (Art. 974)

G. Nephews and Nieces concurring with Uncles and Aunts (Art. 975)

H. A repudiator may represent but not represented (Art. 976)

I. Representation in Testamentary Succession and Intestacy Compared

4. Order of Intestate Succession

A. Principle of Concurrence of Heirs and the Problem in Partial Intestacy

 Order of Intestate Succession to a Legitimate Child
 Order of Intestate Succession to an Illegitimat Child
 Their Differences

B. Descending Direct Line (Arts. 978 – 984)

 Preference of the Descending Line (Art. 978)
 Successional Rights of the Adopted Child (Art. 979, see also Art. 189, Family Code)
 Children inherit in their own right (Art. 980)
 Right of Representation of Legitimate Descendants (Arts. 981 and 982)
 Legitimate and Illegitimate Children concurring (Art. 983)
 Estate of an Adopted Child (Art. 984; see Art. 190, Family Code)

C. Ascending Direct Line (Arts. 985 – 987)

 Ascendants as secondary intestate heirs (Art. 985)
 Parents as sole intestate heirs (Art. 986)
 Succession of other ascendants (Art. 987)

D. Illegitimate Children (Arts. 988 – 994)

 Illegitimate Children inheriting alone (Art. 988)
 Illegitimate Children as Concurring Intestate Heirs
 Illegitimate Children Exclude Brothers and Sisters (del Prado v Santos, 18 SCRA 68)
 Representation of Illegitimate Children (Arts. 989 and 990)
 Concurring with Legitimate Parents and ascendants (Art. 991)
 The Barrier (Art. 992)
 Cuartico v Cuartico, 52 O.G.1489
 Vda. de Crisologo v Court of Appeals, 137 SCRA 233
 Cacho v Udan, 13 SCRA 693
 Corpus v Corpus, 85 SCRA 567
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 Manuel v Ferrer, 247 SCRA 476

 Leonardo v Court of Appeals, 120 SCRA 980
 Diaz v Intermediate Appellate Court, 150 SCRA 645; 182 SCRA 427
 Suntay III v Cojuangco-Suntay, 621 SCRA 142
 Succession to an Illegitimate Child (Art. 993 and 994)

E. Surviving Spouse (Arts. 995 – 1002)

 Surviving Spouse as a concurring Intestate Heir
 Qualifications to the succession rights of a Surviving Spouse
 Disqualification arising from void and voidable marriages (See Arts. 35, 37, 38, 41. 42,
43, 44, 45, 50, Family Code)
 Disqualification by reason of legal separation (See Arts. 55 and 63, Family Code)
 Non-applicability of Article 900
 Intestate Share and Legitime of the Spouse concurring with one Legitimate Child
Santillon v Miranda, 14 SCRA 563
 Spouse concurring with Grandchildren
 Spouse inherits the right of redemption
Verdad v Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 593

F. Collateral Relatives (Arts. 1003 – 1010)

 Classification of Collateral Relatives
 Successional Rights of Collateral Relatives
 Full-Blood and Half-Blood Relationship
 Right of Representation of Collaterals

G. The State (Arts. 1011 – 1014)

 The State as an Intestate Heir by Default
 Escheat Proceedings (See Section 1, Rule 91, Rules of Court)
 Beneficiary of the Estate
 Reversion of the Estate

5. Provisions Common to Testate and Intestate Succession

A. Right of Accretion (Arts. 1015 – 1023)

 Causes of Vacancy in the Inheritance; Testamentary and Intestate Succession
 Remedies for filling the Vacancy in Testamentary and Intestate Succession
 Definition of the Right of Accretion (Art. 1015)
 Prohibition of Accretion
 Renunciation of Accretion
 Requisites of Accretion
 Concept of “earmarking” (Art. 1017)
 Element of co-ownership
 Accretion in Intestacy (Art. 1018)
 Proportionate Sharing of Accrued Property (Art. 1019)
 Accretion carries with it the Obligations (Art. 1020)
 Accretion among Compulsory Heirs (Art. 1021)
 Intestacy Following a Failure of Accretion in Testamentary Succession (Art. 1022)
 Accretion among Legatees, Devisees and Usufructuaries (Art. 1023)
 15

B. Capacity to Succeed by Will or by Intestacy (Arts. 1024 – 1040)

 Capacity to Suceed, defined
 Absolute and Relative Incapacity
 Incapacity in Testamentary and Intestate Succession
 Existence as basis of capacity; exceptions (Art. 1025; see also Art. 41)
Parish Priest of Victoria v Rigor, 89 SCRA 496
 Dispositions in favor of Juridical Entities; exception granted to certain unincorporated
entities (Art. 1026)

C. Incapacity Arising from Possible Undue Influence (Art. 1032)

 The Priest and Minister of the Gospel; requisites
 When incapacity may not be invoked
 Necessity of Economic Benefit
 Partial Exemption for Compulsory Heirs
 Relatives of the Priest
 Omission of the wife or mistress
 The Guardian
 Basis of Guardianship (See Arts. 38 and 39)
 Legal (Art. 209, Family Code) and Judicial Guardians (Section 1, Rule 93, Rules of
Court) Distinguished
 Meaning of “final accounts”
 The Attesting Witness (See Art. 823)
 Arts. 823 and 1027 distinguished
 The Healthcare Providers
 Continuity of Services
 Extension of the Disqualification
 Time of the Execution of the Will
 Compulsory Heirs are not covered by the disqualification
 Exclusion of payment of debts

D. Incapacity by Reason of Morality or Public Policy (Art. 1028 in relation to Art. 739)

E. Disposition for Pious Works (Art. 1029)

F. Disposition for the Poor in General (Art. 1030)

G. Disposition in Favor of a Disqualified Person (Art. 1031)

H. Incapacity by Reason of Unworthiness (Art. 1032)

 Incapacity as a Form of Penalty
 Causes of Incapacity concurring as Grounds for Disinheritance
 Violations of the Testamentary Privilege
 Condonation of Unworthiness (Art. 1033)
 Effect of Condonation
 Judging the Capacity of an Heir (Art. 1034)
 Representation of the Incapacitated Heir (Art. 1035)
 Acts of the Incapacitated Heir prior to Declaration of Incapacity (Art. 1036)
 Indemnity Rights of an Incapacitated Heir (Art. 1037; See also Arts. 546, 547 and 548)
 Unauthorized Possession of the Property by an Incapacitated Heir (Art. 1038)
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 Capacity is Governed by the National Law of the Decedent (Art. 1039)

 Prescriptive Period for the Declaration of Incapacity and Recovery of Property (Art.
1040)

I. Acceptance and Repudiation of the Inheritance (Arts. 1041 – 1057)

 A free and voluntary act (Art. 1041
 Irrevocability of choice (Art. 1056)
 Effect of Vice of Consent
 Time to accept or to repudiate (Art. 1057)
 Retroactivity; reason therefor (Art. 1042)
 Requisites of Acceptance or Repudiation (Art. 1042)
 Capacity to Accept or Repudiate (Art. 1043)
Guy v Court of Appeals, 502 SCRA 151
 Acceptance in a Representative Capacity (Art. 1044
 Dispositions in favor of the poor in general
 Dispositions in favor of juridical entities (Art. 1045)
 Dispositions in favor of public official establishments (Art. 1046)
 Rule with respect to married women (Art. 1047)
 Rule with respect to deaf and deaf mutes (Art. 1048)
 Types of Acceptance (Arts. 1049 and 1050)
 Form of Repudiation (Art. 1051)
 Right of Creditors to accept a repudiated inheritance (Art. 1052)
Leviste v Court of Appeals, 160 SCRA 581
 Transferability of the right to accept or to repudiate (Art. 1053)
 Repudiation as testate/intestate heir (Art. 1055)

J. Executors and Administrators (Arts. 1058 – 1060)

 See Rules 78 to 85, Rules of Court

K. Collation (Arts. 1061 – 1077)

 An integrated solution
 Objectives
 Preservation of Legitime (See Arts. 750 and 752; Arellano v Pascual, 638 SCRA
826)
 Equalization of shares
 Two concepts of collation
 Notional accounting process (see Art. 1071)
 Physical return of the property (See Art. 1075. See also Arts. 771, 911 and 912)
 Dispensing of collation (Art. 1062)
De Roma v Court of Appeals, 152 SCRA 205
 Spouse never collates (Art. 87, Family Code)
 Donations subject to collation
Vizconde v Court of Appeals, 286 SCRA 217
 Testamentary dispositions not subject to collation (Art. 1063)
 Obligation of grandchildren to collate (Art. 1064)
 Gift to Children not collationable by the parents (Art. 1065)
 Donations to in-laws (Art. 1066)
 Expenses for support not collationable (Arts. 1067 and 1068; see also Arts. 194, 195
and 196, Family Code)
 17

 Other expenses collationable (Art. 1069)

 Collation of wedding gifts (Art. 1070)
 Collation of gifts made by joint donors (Art. 1072)
 Qualitative equality among heirs (Arts. 1073 and 1074)
 Reimbursement obligation in case of physical return of the property (Art. 1076)

L. Partition and Distribution of the Estate

 Partition (Arts. 1078 – 1090)

 Co-ownership among co-heirs (Art. 1078; see also Arts. 484 and 494)
 Definition of partition (Art. 1079)
Quasha v LCN Construction, 563 SCRA 426
 Who may effect a partition (Arts. 1080 and 1081)
 Partition inter vivos
Dimayuga v Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 111
Mang-oy v Court of Appeals, 144 SCRA 33
Chavez v Intermediate Appellate Court, 191 SCRA 211
 Partition in a different form (Art. 1082)
 Right to demand partition (Art. 1083; see also Art. 494)
 Effect of a suspensive condition (Art. 1084)
 Qualitative equality (Art. 1085)
 Partition of an indivisible thing (Art. 1086)
 Reimbursement of costs and benefits (Art. 1087; see also Arts. 485 and 488)
 Right of redemption (Art. 1088; see also Arts. 1619, 1630 and 1623)
Alonzo v Intermediate Appellate Court, 150 SCRA 261

 Effects of Partition (Arts. 1091 – 1096)

 Dissolution of co-ownership (Art. 1091)
 Warranty of title and of hidden defects (Art. 1092)
 Insolvency of an indemnitor (Art. 1093; see also Art. 1217)
 Prescriptive period for the enforcement of warranty (Art. 1094)
 Insolvency of debtor in a legacy of credit (Art. 1095)
 Exclusions to the warranties (Art. 1096)

 Rescission and Nullity of Partition (Arts. 1097 – 1105)

 Annulment of partition (Art. 1097)
 Rescission in contract law (see Arts. 1191, 1381, 1383, 1384, 1385 and 1389)
 Void partition
Bautista v Bautista, 529 SCRA 187
 Partial nullity of partition (Art. 1105)
 Rescission of partition on account of lesion (Art. 1098)
 Limitation is the testator made the partition (Art. 1099)
 Prescriptive period for invoking rescission (Article 1100)
 Option of the heir sued for rescission (Art. 1101)
 Limitation on the right to ask for rescission (Arts. 1102, 1103, 1104)
Non v Court of Appeals, 325 SCRA 652