Design and Simulation of Different Wireless Power Transfer Circuits
Design and Simulation of Different Wireless Power Transfer Circuits
Design and Simulation of Different Wireless Power Transfer Circuits
Abstract— Wireless power transfer (WPT) means, In this paper, four WPT circuits are discussed, among
transmission of electrical energy without any wire (or physical which the first two circuits use inductive coupling for WPT
contact). In this paper, four WPT circuits have been designed [1]-[4]. The last two circuits are not based on inductive
and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and Multisim. The first coupling. They are RF energy harvesting circuits [5]-[10],
& second circuits are based on inductive coupling and they have which can produce usable voltage (1-3 V), using ambient RF
both transmitter and receiver section. But the last two circuits energy.
have only receiver section and they can be used for harvesting
ambient radio frequency (RF) energy. The first two circuits were
simulated using both MATLAB/Simulink & Multisim but the last II. WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER CIRCUITS VIA INDUCTIVE
two circuits were simulated only in Multisim. COUPLING
The first two circuits consist of a transmitter, an air core
Keywords— Wireless power transfer (WPT); electromagnetic inductor and a receiver. The first circuit (Fig. 1) is called Tesla
induction; MATLAB/Simulink & Multisim.
coil (TC) [1]. The receiver coil produces magnetic field
around it. This magnetic field can light florescent bulb, near
I. INTRODUCTION to it (without any connection of wires). The open terminal of
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a well known field of the receiver coil is the high voltage terminal.
research. It is very convenient, where interconnection of wires The second circuit (Fig. 2) has separate transmitter and
is complicated, risky and difficult to manage [1]. It has three receiver and there is no electrical connection between them
major limitations, e.g. a) size (often large size transmitter and [2]-[4].
receiver is required); b) Range (only a few meters) and c)
Efficiency (less efficient than conventional wire based system)
Transmitter Receiver
[2].
Coil Coil
Two methods are mainly used for WPT system, e.g. 300
electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic radiation [2]. The 5
first one is the most common method for WPT. It uses two
coils. One is the transmitter coil and another is the receiver 22K
N2222A
coil. Electrical energy is transferred, from transmitter to
receiver coil by magnetic field. Faraday’s law of induction
states that [1]
dφ
ε = −N ( ) (1) Fig. 1. Circuit diagram of the first circuit.
dt
where ε is the electromagnetic force (EMF), φ is the Transmitter Receiver
30 30
Circuit Circuit
magnetic flux, dt is the change in time in second, N is the
LED
1K 3V
number of turns. The magneto motive force (MMF) depends
on the number of turns (N) and the amount of current (I) flow. N2222A
So, MMF can be expressed as [1]
mmf = N * I (2) Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of the second circuit.
III. RF ENERGY HARVESTING CIRCUITS The second circuit was made by two separate air core coil
The range of RF wave is from 3 KHz to 300 GHz. The (28 SWG copper wire) each having diameter of 8 cm and 30
ambient RF energy can be converted to electrical energy, turns. There was no electrical contact between the primary
which can be used to charge batteries, power small motors and coil and the secondary coil. For testing of wireless
LEDs. There are many circuits for RF to DC conversion but transmission of energy from primary coil to secondary coil, a
here, two common circuits (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) are discussed led was connected to the secondary. When the secondary coil
with simple modification. was brought near to the primary coil, the led was turned on.
When the secondary coil was taken far from the primary, the
D3
led was turned off. The test results of the second circuit are
shown in Table II.
+
Antenna
C1 C3
D1
TABLE II. TEST RESULTS OF THE SECOND CIRCUIT
Load
C4 Input to Distance from Output of Efficiency
C2 D2
Primary Coil Primary to Secondary Coil (%)
_ (V) Secondary (cm) (V)
1:50 3 5 0 0
D4 3 4 0.8 26.67
C1=C2=.22µF, C3=C4=100µF; D1=D2=D3=D3= Schottky Diode, 10BQ015
3 3 1.4 46.67
3 2 1.9 63.33
Fig. 3. Circuit diagram of the third circuit. 3 1 2.2 73.33
3 0 2.4 80
Antenna
.
For inductive coupling WPT the power transfer depends
C1=C2=C3=C4=1µF; on number of turns in the coil. If more winding is used in the
D1=D2=D3=D3= Schottky Diode,
10BQ015
secondary, the florescent bulb/led will be more bright and the
1:50
U1 U2
30 30
+
Ext Trig
_
MMF MMF
R1
1kΩ XMM1
-
_
Q1
B
+
V1 2N2222A
_
-
1.5V
A
+
XSC1
-
540
535
Voltage (V)
530
525
520
515
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (s)
2.9
Voltage (V)
2.8
2.7
2.6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (s)
C1 10BQ015 C2
Q1 .22µF
D3
100µF
_
10BQ015
2N2222A XMM1 XSC1
B
+
R1 XMM1
+
A
_
C3
_
22kΩ
A
100µF
+
+
T1 C4 D4
V1
_
9V 50mV
_
+
FM
450kHz 100Hz
1:50 D2
10BQ015
T1
obtainable for WPT; as a result, the outputs are not fully
50mV FM V1 stable. Besides, high frequency transformer is needed for RF
1:50
450kHz 100Hz
harvesting circuits.
C1 C2
1µF 1µF
D1 D2 D3 D4
VI. CONCLUSION
10BQ015 10BQ015 10BQ015 10BQ015 In this paper, four different WPT circuits were discussed
+
Ext Tr ig
C3 C4
with their simulations. It is observed that the first circuit can
_
1µF 1µF produce very high voltage and can light florescent bulbs
B
+
XSC1 XMM1 receiver circuit and can power any two terminal devices
wirelessly. The efficiency of inductive coupling WPT system
Fig. 14. Multisim simulation of the fourth circuit. is inversely proportional to the distance between the
transmitter and receiver. For more power handling (by
inductive coupling WPT) the number of winding (both in
primary and secondary) should be increased. The last two
circuits are not based on inductive coupling. They are RF
energy harvesting circuits, which can produce usable voltage
(1-3 V), using ambient RF energy. Future research is
necessary to increase the range, efficiency and voltage
stability of the above circuits.
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