The document discusses scientific approaches to studying the self from both physical and social sciences perspectives. Physical sciences focus on factors that make up the human body and environmental influences on development. Social sciences examine institutions, society, and interpersonal relationships. Some disciplines that have contributed to understanding the self are biological sciences, neurophilosophy, psychoneuroimmunology, psychology, psychoanalysis, sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics. Within psychoanalysis, perspectives like behaviorism, social cognitive theory, and humanistic perspectives further shape the scientific study of the self.
The document discusses scientific approaches to studying the self from both physical and social sciences perspectives. Physical sciences focus on factors that make up the human body and environmental influences on development. Social sciences examine institutions, society, and interpersonal relationships. Some disciplines that have contributed to understanding the self are biological sciences, neurophilosophy, psychoneuroimmunology, psychology, psychoanalysis, sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics. Within psychoanalysis, perspectives like behaviorism, social cognitive theory, and humanistic perspectives further shape the scientific study of the self.
The document discusses scientific approaches to studying the self from both physical and social sciences perspectives. Physical sciences focus on factors that make up the human body and environmental influences on development. Social sciences examine institutions, society, and interpersonal relationships. Some disciplines that have contributed to understanding the self are biological sciences, neurophilosophy, psychoneuroimmunology, psychology, psychoanalysis, sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics. Within psychoanalysis, perspectives like behaviorism, social cognitive theory, and humanistic perspectives further shape the scientific study of the self.
The document discusses scientific approaches to studying the self from both physical and social sciences perspectives. Physical sciences focus on factors that make up the human body and environmental influences on development. Social sciences examine institutions, society, and interpersonal relationships. Some disciplines that have contributed to understanding the self are biological sciences, neurophilosophy, psychoneuroimmunology, psychology, psychoanalysis, sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics. Within psychoanalysis, perspectives like behaviorism, social cognitive theory, and humanistic perspectives further shape the scientific study of the self.
Science is defined as "the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment." thus, attempts to explain the self have been made from the perspective of scientific methods. further, scientific approaches to the study of the self of two-fold: physical sciences and social sciences Physical Science Focuses on the factors that make up the human body, the underlying growth and maturational mechanisms of people, and environmental influences that contribute to human development, central focus of which is the Self. Social Science
Are concerned with institutions, society, and
the interpersonal relationships of people living within society Natural and social sciences encompass a number of disciplines that have deliberated on and explained the concet and nature of the self. Biological/Physiological Sciences Neurophilosophy (attributed to Paul and Patricia Churchland) is concerned with the association of the brain and the mind. Psychoneuroimmunology describes the shaping of the self as similar to how the human immune system functions. Social Sciences Psychology
defined as the study of human behavior,
sees the self as a theoretical construct. Psychoanalysis
(proposed by Sigmund Freud) focuses on
the “unconscious” as a core element of the self. Sociology
is the study of the collective behavior of
people within the society and focuses on social problems encountered by individuals. Anthropology is the study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture. Political Science (PolSci) is concerned with the participation of individuals in establishing a government and making political choices. Economics describes and analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. under Psychoanalysis we have the following sciences Behaviorism
maintains that the study of behavior
should be made from an observable and measurable perspective. Social Cognitive Theory
considers behavior as a function of the
environment and internal attributes. Humanistic Perspective draws its assumptions from the observed criticisms of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. It believes that every individual has the ability to reach self- actualization and transcendence, and that each person is inherently good or possesses something that is good.
