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Module 4.1 Method of Consistent Deformation

The document describes the method of consistent deformation (MCD) for analyzing indeterminate structures. MCD uses equilibrium equations and compatibility equations, which equate the deflections of a structure and its primary structure with redundant forces removed. Compatibility equations are developed by calculating deflections due to individual redundant forces and unit loads. MCD is demonstrated on examples of an indeterminate beam, frame, and truss to determine redundant support reactions. The process involves: 1) determining the structure's degree of indeterminacy, 2) drawing the primary structure, 3) calculating deflections, and 4) writing compatibility equations to solve for redundant forces.

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JayLord Mico Pacis
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72 views

Module 4.1 Method of Consistent Deformation

The document describes the method of consistent deformation (MCD) for analyzing indeterminate structures. MCD uses equilibrium equations and compatibility equations, which equate the deflections of a structure and its primary structure with redundant forces removed. Compatibility equations are developed by calculating deflections due to individual redundant forces and unit loads. MCD is demonstrated on examples of an indeterminate beam, frame, and truss to determine redundant support reactions. The process involves: 1) determining the structure's degree of indeterminacy, 2) drawing the primary structure, 3) calculating deflections, and 4) writing compatibility equations to solve for redundant forces.

Uploaded by

JayLord Mico Pacis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title : Method of Consistent Deformation (MCD)

Intended Learning Outcomes :


At the end of this lesson, you should be able to :
1. Analyze a primary structure
2. Write the compatibility equation
3. Calculate the deflections/rotation in the compatibility equations
4. Determine the magnitudes of the redundant forces

Discussions :
A. Definition of Terms :
1. Primary Structure – a structure derived from an indeterminate structure that is stable and
determinate that is usually formed by removing the redundant reactions(redundants).
2. Redundant - A support reaction considered to add to the degree of indeterminacy of the
original structure.
3. Method of Consistent Deformation – A force method of structural analysis that uses
equilibrium equations and compatibility equations to determine the unknown reactions in an
indeterminate structure.

B. Developing the Compatibility Equation


Consider a propped beam loaded with a uniform load as shown below, From inspection, it is
determined that it is indeterminate to the first degree.

Indeterminate to the first degree

Assume that the vertical support reaction (By) is a redundant force, the primary structure can
now be drawn. The deflection ∆B' at the beam end at B can be drawn as shown below.

Primary Structure ,
(Reaction force By chosen as a redundant force)

The vertical support reaction (By) acting alone will create a deflection ∆BBy. The deflection
∆BBy can be read as "the deflection at B due to the force By".

Reaction Force By
acting alone

The Compatibility equation can be written as ,


∆'B + ∆BBy = 0 .
This equation is equal to zero because of the presence of the support reaction which prevents vertical
deflection at end B.
Consider a unit load acting in the same direction as By as shown. The deflection δBBy can be
read as the deflection at B due to a unit vertical load at B.

Unit load acting at B

Using the unit load method, it can be shown that


∆BBy = δBBy ● By .
The compatibility equation can now be written as,
∆'B + δBBy ● By = 0 .
C. Indeterminate Beam Example
Determine the magnitude of all support reactions in the beam shown below. Neglect axial
deformation and the weight of the beam. Assume constant EI.

Solution :
1. Determine the degree of indeterminacy
r = 4,
r – 3 = 1;
Indeterminate to the 1st Degree

2. Draw the Primary Structure


Consider the vertical reaction By as redundant.

3. Draw the redundant force By acting alone.

4. Draw a vertical unit load at B.


5. Determine the magnitudes of ∆'B and δBBy .
1 5 1 5
1. ∆' D=
EI ∫0
Mmdx + ∫0 Mmdx
EI

1 5 3 1 5
1. ∆' B= ∫ ( 16.25x− x 2 )(−0.5x) dx+ ∫0 (18.75x−2 x 2)(−0.5x) dx
EI 0 2 EI
∆'B = -221.354/EI – 234.275/EI
∆'B = -455.729/EI KN-m2
1 5 1 5
1.δ BBy = ∫
EI 0
Mmdx +
EI ∫0
Mmdx

1 5 1 5
1.δ BBy = ∫
EI 0
(0.5x)(0.5x)dx+ ∫ (0.5x)( 0.5x)dx
EI 0
δBBy =20.833 /EI m2

6. Write the Compatibility Equation.


∆'B + ∆BBy = 0
∆'B + δBBy ● By = 0
-455.729/EI + 20.833 /EI ● By = 0
By = 21.875 KN ↑ (as assumed)
7. Determine the Support Reactions.
∑Fx = 0; Ax = 0
∑MA = 0;
3(5)(2.5) + 4(5)(7.5) – By(5) + Cy(10) =0
Cy = 7.8125 KN ↑
∑MC = 0;
3(5)(7.5) + 4(5)(2.5) – By(5) + Ay(10) = 0
Ay = 5.3125 KN ↑
`
Check Equilibrium
∑Fy = 0;
Ay + By + Cy = 3(5) +4(5)
5.3125 + 21.875 + 7.8125 = 35
35 = 35 (ok)

D. Indeterminate Frame Example


Determine the magnitude of all support reactions in the frame shown below. Neglect axial
deformations and the weight of the frame. Assume constant EI.
Solution :
1. Determine the degree of indeterminacy
r = 4,
r – 3 = 1;
Indeterminate to the 1st Degree
2. Draw the Primary Structure
Consider the horizontal reaction Dx as redundant.

3. Draw the redundant force Dx acting alone.

4. Draw a horizontal unit load at D.

5. Determine the magnitudes of ∆'D and δDDx .


1. ∆' D=2
[ 1 4
∫
EI 0
Mmdx +
1 2.5
∫ Mmdx
EI 0 ]
(member AB) (member BE)
the factor “2” is used to take advantage of symmetry

1. ∆' D=2 0+
[1 2.5
EI
∫ 0
x
(12.5x−4x )(4)dx
2
2 ]
∆'D = 729.166/EI KN-m

1.δ DDx =2
EI[
1 4
∫ 0
1 2.5
(1.x)(1.x)dx+ ∫0 (4)(4) dx
EI ]
δDDx = 2 (21.33 + 40) /EI
δDDx = 122.66/EI m2
6. Write the Compatibility Equation.
∆'D + ∆DDx = 0
∆'D + δDDx ● Dx = 0
229.166/EI + 122.66/EI ● Dx = 0
Dx = -1.862 KN
Dx = 1.862 KN ←
7. Determine the Support Reactions.
∑Fx = 0;
Ax + Dx = 0
Ax = 1.862 KN →
∑Fy = 0;
-5 - 4(5) + Ay + By =0
Due to symmetry : Ay = By
2Ay = 25 KN
Ay = 12.5 KN ↑
By = 12.5 KN ↑

E. Indeterminate Truss Example


Determine the magnitude of all support reactions in the truss shown below. Neglect the
weight of the truss. Assume constant AE.

Solution :
1. Determine the degree of indeterminacy
r = 4,
r – 3 = 1;
Indeterminate to the 1st Degree
2. Draw the Primary Structure
Consider the horizontal reaction Dx as redundant.
3. Draw the redundant force Dx acting alone.

4. Draw a horizontal unit load at D.

5. Determine the magnitudes of ∆'D and δDDx .

Member Forces
Member L(m) S' (KN) u S'uL (KN-m) u2L (m)
AB 3 5.625 1/2 8.44 0.75
AC 5 -9.375 5/6 -39.06 3.472
BC 4 7.500 -2/3 -20 1.7778
BD 5 9.375 5/6 39.06 3.472
CD 3 -5.625 1/2 -8.44 0.75
∑ -20 10.2218

S ' uL −20 u 2 L 10.2218


∆' D =∑ = δ DDx =∑ =
AE AE AE AE
6. Write the Compatibility Equation
∆'D + ∆DDx = 0
∆'D + δDDx ● Dx = 0
-20/AE + 10.2218/AE ● Dx = 0
Dx = 1.957 KN →

7. Determine the Support Reactions


∑Fx = 0;
Ax + Dx = 0
Ax = 1.957 KN ←
∑MA = 0;
15(3) - Dy(6) +Dx(4) = 0
45 - Dy(6) + 1.957(4) = 0
Dy = 8.805 KN ↑
∑Fy = 0;
Ay + Dy = 15
Ay + 8.805 = 15
Ay = 6.195 KN ↑

F. Indeterminate to the second degree : Beam Example


Determine the magnitudes of the roller support reactions in the beam shown below. Neglect
axial deformation and the weight of the beam. Assume constant EI.

Solution :
1. Determine the degree of indeterminacy
r = 5,
r – 3 = 2;
Indeterminate to the 2nd Degree

2. Draw the Primary Structure and Calculate the Deflections

Using the Unit Load Method : ∆'B = 2988/EI KN-m2


∆'C = 7320/EI KN-m2
3. Apply a vertical unit load at B and Determine the Deflections.

δBBy = 72/EI m2 (deflection at B due to a vertical unit load at B)


δCBy = 162/EI m2 (deflection at C due to a vertical unit load at B)
Note : The unit load method can be used to determine these values.
The double integration method can also be used to determine these values.

4. Apply a vertical unit load at C and Determine the Deflections.

δBCy = 162/EI m2 (deflection at B due to a vertical unit load at C)


δCCy = 443.66/EI m2 (deflection at C due to a vertical unit load at C)

5. Write the compatibility equations.


∆'B + δBBy ● By + δBCy ● Cy = 0
∆'C + δCBy ● By + δCCy ● Cy = 0
Substitute the calculated values,
2988/EI + 72/EI ● By + 162/EI ● Cy = 0
7320/EI + 162/EI ● By + 443.66/EI ● Cy = 0
Solve simultaneously,
By = -24.518 KN (wrong assumed direction of unit load)
Cy = -7.547 KN (wrong assumed direction of unit load)

By = 24.518 KN ↑ (Answer)
Cy = 7.547 KN ↑ (Answer)
Self Learning Assessment
Use the method of consistent deformation. Neglect the weight of structures

1. Determine all support reactions.


EI is constant.
w = 3 KN/m, L = 5m
Ans. By = 5.625 KN

2. Determine all support reactions.


AE is constant.

Ans. Dy = 5 KN

3. Determine support reactions.


EI is constant.

Ans. Dy = 12 KN

References :
1. Kassimali, A.(2015), Structural Analysis 5th Edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte. Ltd, Taguig City
2. Hsieh, Y(1970), Elementary Theory of Structures, Prentice-Hall, University of Michigan

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