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    Experiment No. 6 Objective

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Masham
    The document describes an experiment on frequency modulation and demodulation. The objective is to investigate FM and calculate the depth of modulation by varying the modulating voltage. In FM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of the carrier wave is made to vary in proportion to the varying amplitude of the modulating signal. The frequency of the modulated wave increases when the modulating signal amplitude increases, and decreases when it decreases. Spectral components in the modulated wave form depend on the amplitude. The experiment involves deriving mathematical equations for FM, simulating it using MATLAB code, and analyzing the results to determine the depth of modulation by changing the modulating voltage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment No. 6 Objective

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Masham
    30 views6 pages
    The document describes an experiment on frequency modulation and demodulation. The objective is to investigate FM and calculate the depth of modulation by varying the modulating voltage. In FM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of the carrier wave is made to vary in proportion to the varying amplitude of the modulating signal. The frequency of the modulated wave increases when the modulating signal amplitude increases, and decreases when it decreases. Spectral components in the modulated wave form depend on the amplitude. The experiment involves deriving mathematical equations for FM, simulating it using MATLAB code, and analyzing the results to determine the depth of modulation by changing the modulating voltage.

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    Lab#6

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    The document describes an experiment on frequency modulation and demodulation. The objective is to investigate FM and calculate the depth of modulation by varying the modulating voltage. In FM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of the carrier wave is made to vary in proportion to the varying amplitude of the modulating signal. The frequency of the modulated wave increases when the modulating signal amplitude increases, and decreases when it decreases. Spectral components in the modulated wave form depend on the amplitude. The experiment involves deriving mathematical equations for FM, simulating it using MATLAB code, and analyzing the results to determine the depth of modulation by changing the modulating voltage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    30 views6 pages

    Experiment No. 6 Objective

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Masham
    The document describes an experiment on frequency modulation and demodulation. The objective is to investigate FM and calculate the depth of modulation by varying the modulating voltage. In FM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of the carrier wave is made to vary in proportion to the varying amplitude of the modulating signal. The frequency of the modulated wave increases when the modulating signal amplitude increases, and decreases when it decreases. Spectral components in the modulated wave form depend on the amplitude. The experiment involves deriving mathematical equations for FM, simulating it using MATLAB code, and analyzing the results to determine the depth of modulation by changing the modulating voltage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Experiment No.

    Objective: To investigate frequency modulation and demodulation and calculate the depth
    of modulation by varying the modulating voltage.

    Theory:
    The other type of modulation in continuous-wave modulation is Angle
    Modulation. Angle Modulation is the process in which the frequency or the phase of the carrier
    signal varies according to the message signal.
    The standard equation of the angle modulated wave is
    s(t)=Ac Cosθi

    Where,
    Ac is the amplitude of the modulated wave, which is the same as the amplitude of the carrier
    signal and θi(t) is the angle of the modulated wave. Angle modulation is further divided into
    frequency modulation and phase modulation.
     Frequency Modulation is the process of varying the frequency of the carrier signal
    linearly with the message signal.
     Phase Modulation is the process of varying the phase of the carrier signal linearly with
    the message signal.

    In frequency modulation, the frequency rather than the amplitude of the carrier wave is
    made to vary in proportion to the varying amplitude of the modulating signal, as shown
    in following figure:

    The frequency of the modulated wave increases, when the amplitude of the modulating or
    message signal increases. Similarly, the frequency of the modulated wave decreases, when the
    amplitude of the modulating signal decreases. Note that, the frequency of the modulated wave
    remains constant and it is equal to the frequency of the carrier signal, when the amplitude of the
    modulating signal is zero. The frequency modulation is a non-linear modulation process. Each
    spectral component of the base band signal gives rise to one or two spectral components in the
    modulated signal. These components are separated from the carrier by a frequency difference
    equal to the frequency of base band component. Most importantly the nature of the modulators is
    such that the spectral components which produce decently on the carrier frequency and the base
    band frequencies. The spectral components in the modulated wave form depend on the
    amplitude.

    Mathematical Derivation:
    MATLAB Code:
    Simulation Results
    Conclusion

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    Questions:

    1. Why there is less noise in FM s compared to AM?

    2. What is narrow band frequency modulation? Write modulation index for narrow band
    FM.

    3. What is wide band frequency modulation? Write modulation index for wide band FM.
    Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Multan

    Lab Rubrics
    Lab Performance Lab Reports/Assignments Viva Voce
    (0-5) (0-5) (0-5)
    Performance Points Performance Points Performance Points
    Indicator Indicator Indicator
    Subject Presentation Responsiveness to
    Knowledge questions/
    Accuracy

    Data Analysis and Calculation/Coding Depth of Subject


    Interpretation Knowledge

    Ability to conduct Observation/Program


    experiment Result

    Lab Instructor’s Signature_______________ Theory Teacher’s Signature________________

    Dated: Dated:

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