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    Methods of Oxygen Administration

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    Menard Tobias Velasco
    This document outlines different methods of oxygen administration including low flow delivery methods using simple face masks or nasal prongs, and high flow delivery methods using ventilators or high flow nasal prong therapy. It notes that all high flow systems require humidification to prevent drying of airways. The two main humidifiers used are the Fisher & Paykel MR850 and the Airvo 2, which have different modes depending on the type of oxygen delivery system and patient needs. Mechanical ventilation applies positive pressure breaths and is dependent on lung compliance and airway resistance.

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    Methods of Oxygen Administration

    Uploaded by

    Menard Tobias Velasco
    52 views3 pages
    This document outlines different methods of oxygen administration including low flow delivery methods using simple face masks or nasal prongs, and high flow delivery methods using ventilators or high flow nasal prong therapy. It notes that all high flow systems require humidification to prevent drying of airways. The two main humidifiers used are the Fisher & Paykel MR850 and the Airvo 2, which have different modes depending on the type of oxygen delivery system and patient needs. Mechanical ventilation applies positive pressure breaths and is dependent on lung compliance and airway resistance.

    Original Title

    METHODS OF OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION

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    This document outlines different methods of oxygen administration including low flow delivery methods using simple face masks or nasal prongs, and high flow delivery methods using ventilators or high flow nasal prong therapy. It notes that all high flow systems require humidification to prevent drying of airways. The two main humidifiers used are the Fisher & Paykel MR850 and the Airvo 2, which have different modes depending on the type of oxygen delivery system and patient needs. Mechanical ventilation applies positive pressure breaths and is dependent on lung compliance and airway resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    52 views3 pages

    Methods of Oxygen Administration

    Uploaded by

    Menard Tobias Velasco
    This document outlines different methods of oxygen administration including low flow delivery methods using simple face masks or nasal prongs, and high flow delivery methods using ventilators or high flow nasal prong therapy. It notes that all high flow systems require humidification to prevent drying of airways. The two main humidifiers used are the Fisher & Paykel MR850 and the Airvo 2, which have different modes depending on the type of oxygen delivery system and patient needs. Mechanical ventilation applies positive pressure breaths and is dependent on lung compliance and airway resistance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    METHODS OF OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION

    1. LOW FLOW DELIVERY METHOD


    Low-flow systems include: 

     Simple face mask  


     Non re-breather face mask (mask with oxygen reservoir bag and one-way
    valves which aims to prevent/reduce room air entrainment) 
     Nasal prongs (low flow) 
     Tracheostomy mask  
     Tracheostomy HME connector 
     Isolette - neonates (usually for use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit only) 
    Note: In most low flow systems the flow is usually titrated (on the oxygen flow
    meter) and recorded in litres per minute (LPM).  Where the Airvo2 is used as an
    oxygen delivery device the flow from this device is independent to the flow of
    oxygen.
    2. HIGH FLOW DELIVERY METHOD
    See also below guidelines for additional information:

     PICU high flow


     Ward based  High Flow Nasal Prong Therapy nursing guideline
    High flow systems include: 

     Ventilators 
     CPAP/BiPaP drivers 
     Face mask or tracheostomy mask used in conjunction with an Airvo2
    Humidifier 
     High Flow Nasal Prong therapy  (HFNP)

     NB: There is separate CPG for HFNP use in the NICU (see NICU
    HFNP CPG)

    3. HUMIDIFICATION
    Oxygen therapy can be delivered using a low flow or high flow system. All high flow
    systems require humidification. The type of humidification device selected will
    depend on the oxygen delivery system in use, and the patient's requirements. The
    humidifier should always be placed at a level below the patient's head. 
    Rationale: 

     Cold, dry air increases heat and fluid loss 


     Medical gases, including air and oxygen, have a drying effect on mucous
    membranes  resulting in airway damage. 
     Secretions can become thick & difficult to clear or cause airway obstruction 
     In some conditions e.g. asthma, the hyperventilation of dry gases can
    compound bronchoconstriction. 
    Indications: 

     Patients with thick copious secretions 


     Non-invasive and invasive ventilation 
     Nasal prong flow rates of greater than 2 LPM (under 2 years of age) or 4 LPM
    (over 2 years of age)
     Nasal prong flow rates of greater than 1 LPM in neonates 
     Facial mask flow rates of greater than 5 LPM 
     Patients with tracheostomy 
    RCH predominantly uses the Fisher & Paykel MR850 Humidifier & AIRVO 2
    Humidifier. Please consult user manuals for any other models in use. 

    4. FISHER AND PAYKEL MR 850 HUMIDIFIER


    Follow instructions in the MR850 User Manual in conjunction with this Guideline
    Has two modes:

    1. Invasive Mode - delivers saturated gas as close to body temperature (37


    degrees, 44mg/L) as possible.
    -  Suitable for patients with bypassed airways:
        -  Invasive Ventilation
        -  Tracheostomy attachment or mask
        -  Nasal Prongs
        -  CPAP in NICU (see NICU CPAP nursing clinical guideline) 
    2. Non-Invasive Mode – delivers gas at a comfortable level of humidity (31-36
    degrees, >10mg/L).
    -  Suitable for patients receiving:
        -  Face mask therapy:
        -  Non-invasive ventilation (CPAP/BIPAP)
        -  Nebuliser mask (with RT308 circuit)

    5. AIRVO 2 HUMIDIFIER
    Follow instructions in the AIRVO 2 User Manual in conjunction with this Guideline. 
    Has two modes: 

    1. Junior Mode – requires Junior Tube and Chamber Kit


    -  Suitable for patients using Optiflow Junior Infant and Paediatric Nasal
    Prongs
    -  Minimum flow rate 2 LPM 
    2. Standard Mode – requires standard Tube and Chamber Kit
    -  Suitable for patients using: 
        -  Optiflow adult nasal prongs 
        -  Nebuliser mask (via Mask Interface Adaptor) 
        -  Tracheostomy mask (via Mask Interface Adaptor) 
        -  Tracheostomy direct connection
    -  Mimimum flow rate 10 LPM

    6. MECHANICAL VENTILATOR
    Mechanical ventilation works by applying a positive pressure breath and is dependent
    on the compliance and resistance of the airway system, which is affected by how
    much pressure must be generated by the ventilator to provide a given tidal volume
    (TV). The TV is the volume of air entering the lung during inhalation

    -Common indications for mechanical ventilation include the following: Bradypnea or


    apnea with respiratory arrest. Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress
    syndrome. Tachypnea (respiratory rate >30 breaths per minute)

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