Quarter 2 – Module 1

(Psychoanalysis)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the Development and
Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it
 Let’s Learn
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you understand
the related concepts and principles in studying Psychoanalysis and the strengths and
weaknesses of it. This will teach you how these concepts of Psychoanalysis help to explain
certain social issues. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define and discuss the basic concepts and principles of Psychoanalysis;
2. compare and contrast the three components of human personality according to Freud;
3. evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Psychoanalysis; and
4. relate the concept of Psychoanalysis and its importance into real life situation.

Let’s Try
Let us use your initial knowledge on the topic to be discussed. Answer the following
questions without browsing the module. Choose the letter of the best answer and write
it on a separate sheet of paper.

https://forms.gle/BNLmjsnC7YLp48mA7

1. Who is known as the founding father of psychoanalysis?

a. Herbert Blumer c. Karl Marx
b. Jean Piaget d. Sigmund Frued
2. What is part of the human mind that functions as the executive branch, the one
executing or performing action and decisions?
a. Id c. Superego
b. Ego d. Defense Mechanism
3. What is the level of awareness that contains those thoughts of which you are
currently aware?
a. Conscious c. Unconscious
b. Preconscious d. Underconscious
4. What is known as the unpleasant feeling associated with unfulfilled, repressed
wishes?
a. Anger c. Pity
b. Guilt d. Selfishness
5. What is an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement, among a group
of people that is the also known as a first mental disorder attributed to women?
a. Hypnosis c. Hysteria
b. Hyper d. Dysmenorrhea

6. What is the part of the human mind which states that human being has
uncontrollable instinctual desires, say things that pertains to violence or sexual
drives, which need to be gratified?
a. Id c. Superego
 b. Ego d. Defense Mechanism
7. What is the level of awareness that stores all the thoughts of which you could
bring into consciousness fairly easily if you wanted to; thoughts that can be easily
recall without special technique?
a. Conscious c. Unconscious
b. Preconscious d. Underconscious
8. What is the theory that is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic
techniques that aims to release repressed emotions and experiences?
a. Feminism c. Marxism
b. Institutionalism d. Psychoanalysis
9. What is a therapeutic technique in which clinicians make suggestions to
individuals who have undergone a procedure designed to relax them and focus
their minds?
a. Hypnosis c. Hysteria
b. Hyper d. Dysmenorrhea
10. What is the moral arm of the personality which also corresponds to one’s
conscience?
a. Id c. Superego
b. Ego d. Defense Mechanism
11. What is the material that we have no immediate access to, and we cannot bring
into consciousness except under certain extreme situations?
a. Conscious c. Unconscious
b. Preconscious d. Underconscious
12. What is known as psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect
a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings?
a. Id c. Superego
b. Ego d. Defense Mechanism
13. What is a psychic tendency which assumes a biological source, an object of
discharge and specific charge?
a. Action c. Guilt
b. Drive d. Plan
14. Which of the following is strength of Psychoanalysis?
a. It offers an in-depth perspective that emphasizes exploring the
origins of psychopathology
b. The theory only provides a piece of the pie—often neglecting
biological, cultural, and social considerations
c. Some of the ideas are outdated in terms of our contemporary world
d. The approach lacks a theory of intervention
15. Which of the following is a weakness of Psychoanalysis?
a. It focus on developmental considerations
b. It focus on relationship particularly by object relations
c. The exclusive focus on the past can lead to "analysis paralysis"
d. The notion of "unconscious" begins to explain behavior that we are
unaware of
 Lesson

9 PSYCHOANALYSIS
Let’s Recall
One of the major social science theories is Symbolic Internationalism. Can you recall
the concepts and terminologies related to Symbolic Internationalism? Read each
question carefully and choose your answer from the box. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

A. Structural Functionalism D. Symbolic Interactionism

B. George Robert Mead E. Self
C. Symbols F. Herbert Blumer

1. It is a micro-level theory that focuses on the relationships among individuals

within a society and on the interpretation
2. He is widely recognized as the father of symbolic interactionism.
3. He believed that symbolic interactionism rests on the three basic principles:
(1) meaning; (2) language; and (3) thought.
4. These are interpreted based on the primary experience of an individual
5. It involves the process where actors reflect on themselves as objects and develops
from social forces and social experience

Let’s Explore
PICTURE ANALYSIS: Check (√) the picture if it describes you as a person, draw a cross
sign (X) if it does not talk about you and draw a question mark (?) if you are not sure.
Answer the process questions afterwards. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

___________________________________

http://www.glengrant.com/int/en/whiskies/18-years/
 ___________________________________
https://www.amazon.com/Legends-Are-Born-Termin-
Kalender-Geschenk-Idee/dp/1688939962

___________________________________
https://www.awardsandgiftsrus.com/br746.html

___________________________________
https://www.dreamstime.com/i-favorite-child-humorous-
hand-written-quote-made-vector-image137911080

PROCESS QUESTIONS:

1. How did you come up with your decision in checking, crossing out or putting a question
mark on the pictures?

2. What helps you in deciding on what to answer?

Let’s Elaborate

PSYCHOANALYSIS
Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic
techniques that have their origin in the work and theories of Sigmund Freud. The core idea at
the center of psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts,
feelings, desires, and memories. This theory is one of those rare intellectual achievements
that had the effect of radically transforming human self-understanding.
The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences,
to make the unconscious conscious. It is only having a therapeutic experience in which the
person can be helped and "cured."
Psychoanalytic theory is a framework for understanding the impact of the
unconscious on thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Sigmund Freud (1856- 1939)
 He has a Jewish background, though avowed atheist.
 He lived in Vienna until Nazi occupation in 1938. He had a medical background
wanted to do “neurophysiologic research”.
 He had a private practice in nervous and brain disorders.
 He is the founding father of psychoanalysis.

THE STRUCTURE OF HUMAN PSYCHE

https://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.html

ID The unconscious self

EGO The conscious and rational self
SUPEREGO The conscience

ID
 It is concerned only with satisfying personal desires.
 The actions taken by the id are based on the Pleasure principle.
 States that human being has uncontrollable instinctual desires, say things that pertains
to violence or sexual drives, which need to be gratified

EGO
 The primary job of the ego is to mediate/ balanced the demands of the Id and the outer
forces of reality.
 Just like in the government, it is the executive branch, the one executing or performing
action and decisions. It is torn between gratifying the tendencies of the id and
censoring them. It meditates between the biological and social needs of the person.

SUPEREGO
 The moral arm of the personality, it corresponds to one’s conscience.
 It is the internalization of societal values and beliefs. It plays a moralizing role for the
individual because it serves as the person’s conscience. It is the last to be formed in
the development of a person and inculcated in his or her personhood.
 The Mental Iceberg Principle

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/416512665509269143/

THE THREE LEVEL OF AWARENESS

CONSCIOUS
 It contains those thoughts of which you are currently aware.

PRECONSCIOUS
 It stores all the thoughts of which you could bring into consciousness fairly easily if
you wanted to; thoughts that can be easily recall without special techniques.

UNCONSCIOUS
 This is the material that we have no immediate access to, and we cannot bring into
consciousness except under certain extreme situations.

OTHER TERMINOLOGIES USED IN STUDYING PSYCHOANALYSIS

HYSTERIA
 Exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement, especially among a group of
people.
 It is the first mental disorder attributed to women
 A behaviour exhibiting overwhelming or unmanageable fear or emotional excess.

HYPNOSIS
 Is a state of human consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral
awareness and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion
 It is a therapeutic technique in which clinicians make suggestions to individuals who
have undergone a procedure designed to relax them and focus their minds.

DEFENSE MECHANISM
 These are psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a person
from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings.

DEATH DRIVE / THANATOS

 A primitive impulse for destruction, decay and death, coexisting with and opposing life
instinct.

DRIVE
 A psychic tendency which assumes a biological source, an object of discharge and
specific charge.
REPRESSION
 The exclusion of distressing memories, thoughts or feelings from the conscious mind.
 It often involves sexual or aggressive urges or painful childhood memories. These
unwanted mental contents are pushed into the unconscious mind.
GUILT
 An unpleasant feeling associated with unfulfilled, repressed wishes.

REALITY PRINCIPLE
 The ability of the mind to assess the reality of the external world, and to act upon it
accordingly, as opposed to acting on the pleasure principle

PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
 The instinctive seeking of pleasure and avoiding of pain in order to satisfy biological
and psychological needs. Specifically, the pleasure principle is the driving force
guiding the id.

STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES OF PSYCHOANALYSIS

STRENGHTS WEAKNESSES

 Offers an in-depth perspective  Psychoanalytic jargon serves to

that emphasizes exploring the confuse rather than clarify
origins of psychopathology concepts.
 it focus on developmental  Some of the ideas are outdated
considerations in terms of our contemporary
 The notion of "repetition world, and it is questioned by
compulsion" transcends theory, some theorists/practitioners
often drawn by several models whether these concepts are
as a central concept. clinically useful.
 The notion of "unconscious"  The approach lacks a theory of
begins to explain behavior that intervention—not enough focus
we are unaware of. on technique.
 It focus on relationship  The exclusive focus on the past
particularly by object relations can lead to "analysis paralysis"
 Self psychology understands  The theory only provides a piece
psychopathology in terms of of the pie—often neglecting
"dysregulation states", which biological, cultural, and social
has been confirmed through considerations
neurobiological literature.  Too many patients (perhaps
 The universality of defense psychotic, borderline) are not
mechanisms and their use considered appropriate for
across theories. psychoanalysis.
 Let’s Dig In
COMPLETE IT. Complete the table by comparing and contrasting the three
components of human personality according to Freud. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN MIND DESCRIPTION

Id
Ego
Superego

Let’s Remember

 Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic

techniques that have their origin in the work and theories of Sigmund Freud.

ID
 It is concerned only with satisfying personal desires.
 The actions taken by the id are based on the Pleasure principle.
 States that human being has uncontrollable instinctual desires, say things that pertains
to violence or sexual drives, which need to be gratified

EGO
 The primary job of the ego is to mediate/ balanced the demands of the Id and the outer
forces of reality.
 Just like in the government, it is the executive branch, the one executing or performing
action and decisions. It is torn between gratifying the tendencies of the id and
censoring them. It meditates between the biological and social needs of the person.

SUPEREGO
 The moral arm of the personality, it corresponds to one’s conscience.
 It is the internalization of societal values and beliefs. It plays a moralizing role for the
individual because it serves as the person’s conscience. It is the last to be formed in
the development of a person and inculcated in his or her personhood.
 Let’s Apply

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS: What are you going to do when faced in the following
situations? Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Your classmate asked you to do cutting classes so that you could play computer games
…
2. You will be alone at home because your parents will go to work and you are asked to stay
at home for your safety. It is a sure thing that you will not be caught if you go out. Will you go
out or not?
3. You went on a birthday party and you are too hungry but your table was not yet called to
line up on a buffet table…

Let’s Evaluate

Let us use your knowledge on the topic that we have discussed. Answer the following
questions without browsing the module. Choose the letter of the best answer and write
it on a separate sheet of paper

https://forms.gle/wzX9M6cfPsvrFqyk6

1. What is a psychic tendency which assumes a biological source, an object of

discharge and specific charge?
a. Action c. Guilt
b. Drive d. Plan
2. What is known as the unpleasant feeling associated with unfulfilled, repressed
wishes?
a. Anger c. Pity
b. Guilt d. Selfishness
3. Who is known as the founding father of psychoanalysis?
a. Herbert Blumer c. Karl Marx
b. Jean Piaget d. Sigmund Frued
4. What is the level of awareness that contains those thoughts of which you are
currently aware?
a. Conscious c. Unconscious
b. Preconscious d. Underconscious
5. What is the theory that is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic
techniques that aims to release repressed emotions and experiences?
a. Feminism c. Marxism
b. Institutionalism d. Psychoanalysis
6-15. Choose the letter that corresponds your answer.

A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego

6. Kathleen was thirsty. Rather than waiting for the server to refill her glass of water,
she reached across the table and drank from Mr. Chuccar's water glass

7. Kevin really wanted to slug Mark for what he had just said. However, Tim knew if
he hit Mark, he would be kicked off from the basketball team, and since he loved
basketball, he unclenched his fists and walked away

8. Jannah knew she could steal the supplies from work, and no one would know
about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take
anything even though she would probably never get caught.

9. Janice really wanted to borrow her mom's necklace, but knew her mom would be
angry if she took it without asking, so she asked her mom if she could wear it.

10. Calvin is hungry, so he did not wait for the other family member and he started
eating

11. Cathrina was thirsty. However, she knew that her server would be back soon to
refill her water glass, so she waited until then to get a drink

12. Alvin had worked hard all season to break the school record in cross-country.
During his last race, he had the opportunity to cut a corner and therefore lower
his time because no officials were watching that part of the course. As much as
he wanted to break the school record; Alvin knew he wouldn't feel good about
himself if he cheated, so he stuck to the course and ran as fast as he could.

13. Elaine was so sweaty after her workout that she wanted to change her clothes
right there by the car. However, she knew the other people around her would not
approve, so she waited until she was in the restroom to change.

14. Rowena could not remember the answer to test question #12, even though she
had studied. Carlo was the smartest kid in the class, and from where Rowena
sat, she could see his answers if she turned her head slightly. When Mrs. Ramos
turned her back, Rowena almost cheated, but her conscience stopped her
because she knew it was wrong. Instead, Rowena took a guess at the answer and
then turned in her paper.

15. In line at the salad bar, Millan was so hungry that she shoved a handful of
croutons in her mouth as she waited for the line to move.
 Let’s Extend

Give certain situations wherein Id, Ego, and Superego are evident in your family or
community. Explain why this situation is considered as Id, Ego or Superego. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Id
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Ego
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Superego
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
References:
Anulencia A.S., et.al. (2017). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences: Teachers Guide.
Haus of Serah Printing and Trading Corp.

Jose, M. D. and Ong, J. (2017). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, Vibal Group,
Inc.,

Tatel Jr., C.P (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, Rex Bookstore, Inc.,

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-psychoanalysis-2795246
https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html
https://www.simplypsychology.org/defense-mechanisms.html
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/416512665509269143/
https://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.html
https://quizlet.com/11348538/strengths-and-weaknessess-of-psychoanalysis-flash-cards/
https://getrevising.co.uk/grids/psychoanalysis_2
https://www.reference.com/world-view/strengths-weaknesses-psychoanalytic-theory-
7e2731eb633f2ca1
http://www.glengrant.com/int/en/whiskies/18-years/

https://www.amazon.com/Legends-Are-Born-Termin-Kalender-Geschenk-
Idee/dp/1688939962

https://www.awardsandgiftsrus.com/br746.html
https://www.dreamstime.com/i-favorite-child-humorous-hand-written-quote-made-vector-
image137911080
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-id-ego-and-superego.html
 Development Team of the Module
Writers: Cathryn Joy C. Ramos
Editors:
Content Evaluator: Adelyne T. Palas
Language Evaluator: Lovely Pamela T. Serran
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Dan Gil M. Loresco
Management Team: Margarito B. Materum OIC-SDS
Dr. George P. Tizon, SDOG Chief
Dr. Ellery G. Quintia, CID Chief
Daisy L. Mataac, Ed.D.
Ferdinand Paggao, EPS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph