When engine speed reduces with decreasing load, selective catalyst reduction is kept operational

achieving

substantial reductions in NOx emissions

Which of the following means the combination of electronics and hydraulics to create a more
versatile brake system?

electrohydraulic braking system

Which of the following is a disadvantage of Dellner electrohydraulic braking system?

it has extra components and software to control them which add small level of complexity

STREAMLINE is to demonstrate radically new propulsion concepts delivering an increase in efficiency of at

least 15% over current state-of-the-art. The concepts will be designed for maximisation of energy
conversion combined with low levels of cavitation, noise and vibration. STREAMLINE will also investigate
methods to fully optimize current state-of-the-art systems including conventional screw propeller
systems, pods and waterjets. The key here is exploitation of new Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
methods to pursue improvements without dramatic vessel configuration changes. Furthermore,
STREAMLINE is to develop advanced CFD tools and methods to optimize the hydrodynamic performance
of the new propulsion concepts, particularly by analysis of integrated hull and propulsor.

Which of the following means any vehicle propulsion system that includes two or more sources
of propulsion in one design, usually which can be used either together or alternately?

Hybrid

BlueDrive PlusC connects the ship to shore with

a flexible frequency of 50/60 Hz

Complete the sentences with the correct verb form.

Digitalization breathing (breathe) a new life into the marine industry. The Efficiency Improvement Award
was awarded (award) to MAN Diesel & Turbo, for its 45/60CR four-stroke engine, launched in September
2017. For the Innovation Award, the judges were looking (look) for an original and novel development
relevant to any aspect of marine technology. Thordon Bearings took home the award for its SeaThigor
shaft seal, which was launched (launch) in January 2017. It incorporates (incorporate) a pneumatically-
activated inflatable element to stop water ingress along the shaft, allowing for the repair of the main seal
while at sea. 
True / False / Doesn’t say.

1. The gate rudder and the traditional rudder have the same arrangement. False
2. Wärtsilä expects that installation of gate rudders will bring a lot of benefits. True
3. Wärtsilä said the partnership will speed up deploying gate rudder systems across all vessel
classes. True
4. The maneuverability of coastal vessels became better after installation of new technology.  True
5. The gate rudder can be implemented into the propulsion system of all vessels. False

Which of the following is a disadvantage of nuclear propulsion?

There is a relatively small number of nuclear propulsion experts at all levels and this will cause
competition with land-based installations.

Which of the following is a modification of the combined diesel-electric and gas propulsion system

for ships which eliminates the need for clutches and reduces or eliminates the need for gearboxes by
using electrical transmission rather than mechanical transmission?

fully electric

Which of the following is an advantage of biofuel?

Biofuels are able to provide high thermal efficiency with low combustion noise ???

Which of the following is NOT about hybrid propulsion advantages?

uncertainty of future fuel costs

An essential part of the BlueDrive PlusC propulsion system is

variable-speed generator sets

Which of the following is a disadvantage of battery-based propulsion?

The battery pack requires replacement when it reaches its life as determined by the total number of
charge/discharge cycles.

Match the halves

General arrangement can be made more suitable for the shipyard’s construction process, and more
efficient ships design and increased payload can be achived.

Enhanced operation support with remote condition analysis of Azipod propulsion unit resulting in better
availability and better efficiency.
ABB’s Integrated Operations solutions bring the shipping industry into the connected age helping ship
owners and operators to optimize operations, reduse maintenance and simplify ship design.

Due to the inherent characteristics of the electric propulsion and the gearless Azipod thruster design,
noise and vibration management it easy.

The Azipod propulsion unit can be installed in the vessel at a very late stage just before ship launching.

Delegates gathered to show appreciation to the businesses and individuals representing innovation
around the industry as the Marine Propulsion Awards closed the first day of the Sulphur Cap 2020
Conference in Amsterdam. President of marine business at Rolls-Royce Mikael Makinen took home the
Industry Leader Award and acknowledged the juxtaposition with his youthful counterpart by calling for
the industry to embrace change and work harder to attract young talent.

1. What type of propulsion was in TOTE’s ships before upgrading? Steam

2. How many engines were installed on new ship? Four
3. What was the first problem in new ship’s design? All of the mentioned
4. How was the problem solved? Variable-speed reversible motors were installed
5. Which of the benefit of diesel-electric system is NOT mentioned in the text? The moderation of
engine room high

Optimized operation places less strain on engines, which pays dividends in

reduced maintenance and longer engine life

Which of the following  means system where multiple diesel engines, each driving an electric generator,
produce the electric power that energizes the electric motors connected to the propellers as well as other
electrical loads on the ship?

diesel-electric

Which of the following means rudder of traditional design?

Conventional

As generators do not need synchronizing with BlueDrive PlusC, the start-up process is simplified and

standby-start time is reduced

Which of the following is a system that is designed to, by the use of water, wash the exhaust gases from
main, auxiliary and boilers to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2)?

Scrubber

Which of the following means the removal of fuel from a vessel that was meant to be used for sailing?
de-bunkering

1. The elevated level of ship emissions in most cases is considered to be a sign of EGCS malfunction.
True
2. An EGCS manufacturer takes over the responsibility in case of the malfunction of the latter and
shall be contacted immediately after its evidence for further instructions. True
3. The EGCS manual shall include the information on how to identify and remedy the malfunction.
True
4. The Record Book with the date and time of the malfunction as well as remedial actions taken shall
be forwarded instantly to the manufacturer. True
5. In case if the EGCS malfunction hasn’t been eliminated within 60 minutes time, the ship has to
change over to compliant fuel.  True

For all ships which are to use an EGC unit, in part or in total, in order to comply with the requirements of
regulations of MARPOL Annex VI there should be:

an SECP for the ship, approved by the Administration

Which of the following means to combine or associate so that the separate constituents or the line of
demarcation cannot be distinguished?

Blending

The main type of “bunker” oil for ships is heavy fuel oil, derived as a residue from crude oil distillation.
Crude oil contains Sulphur which, following combustion in the engine, ends up in ship emissions. In the
atmosphere, SOx can lead to acid rain, which can harm crops, forests and aquatic species, and contributes
to the acidification of the oceans. Limiting SOx emissions from ships will improve air quality and protects
the environment.
IMO regulations to reduce Sulphur oxides (SOx) emissions from ships first came into force in 2005, under
Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (known as the
MARPOL Convention). Since then, the limits on Sulphur oxides have been progressively
tightened. From 1 January 2020, the limit for Sulphur in fuel oil used on board ships
operating outside designated emission control areas is reduced to 0.50% m/m (mass by
mass). This will significantly reduce the amount of Sulphur oxides emanating from ships and
should have major health and environmental benefits for the world, particularly for
populations living close to ports and coasts.

1. Limiting (limit) Sulphur oxides emissions from ships reduces air pollution and results
in a cleaner environment.
2. Reducing SOx also reduces particulate matter, tiny harmful particles which form when
fuel is burnt (burn).
3. A study on the human health impacts of SOx emissions from ships, submitted to
IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in 2016 by Finland,
estimated that by not reducing the SOx limit for ships from 2020, the air pollution
from ships would countribute (contribute) to more than 570,000 additional
premature deaths worldwide between 2020-2025. 
 4. A reduction in the limit for Sulphur in fuel oil used on board ships will have tangible
health benefits, particularly for populations living (live) close to ports and major
shipping routes.
5. Ships can reduce air pollutants by being (be) even more energy efficient, so they
burn less fuel and therefore their emissions are lower.

What are the technical challenges associated with use of distillate fuels with FAME (Fatty
Acid Methyl Ester) content?
potential oxidation of biodiesel, its biodegradable nature, adverse implications, limitations
in storage life, it also needs to be tested for stability
Any EGCS malfunction that lasts more than one hour or repetitive malfunctions should be
reported 
And in accordance with regulation 10 of MARPOL ……

For each EGC unit, the ETM-A (EGC System Technical Manual "Scheme A") should contain a
verification procedure for use 
At surveys as regulated and ….

The EGC unit should be subject to survey on installation and at initial, annual/intermediate
and renewals surveys by the Administration
to the flag and port State……

Each EGC unit should be supplied

with an ETM-A…

The ETM-A (EGC System Technical Manual "Scheme A") should be approved by the
Administration and retained on board 
The ship onto with the EGC unit…

Which party is responsible for the fuel stability and what is it?
the fuel shall be stable and homogeneous at delivery and it is the responsibility of the fuel
oil blenders and suppliers to ensure this

What is considered to be a major challenge with distillate fuels?

low viscosity

When the EGC system is operated in ports, harbors, or estuaries

the wash water monitoring and recording should be continuous and the values monitored
and recorded should include pH, PAH, turbidity and temperature

The OMM for each EGCS unit should, as a minimum, include:

all the relevant information about the sensors to be used in evaluating EGC system
performance and wash water monitoring, their service, maintenance and calibration
requirements ????

Residues generated by the EGC unit should

be delivered ashore to adequate reception facilities

Which procedure is highly recommended when using a residual fuel tank for storing new
compliant fuels for post-2020?
tank cleaning

Which of the following means the installation onboard ships of state-of-the-art or

innovative components or systems and could in principle be driven by the need to meet
new regulatory standards or by the ship owner interest to upgrade to higher operational
standards?
Retrofitting

Which of the following means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard
or law?
Compliance

Each ship fitted with an EGC unit should record

the storage and disposal of wash water residues in an EGC log, including the date, time and
location of such storage and disposal

What may happen if there is a sudden change in exhaust gas flow rate?
All mentioned
Which party shall specify EGCS typical operating conditions?
Applicable regulations
What is the way to identify EGCS performance malfunction following on from parameters
interrelation?
if one of the parameters’ deviation has not changed other parameters’ indications and they remain at the
normal levels, that might identify instrumentation malfunction 
Why is there the necessity of the data recording when malfunction occurs?
to confirm that all other relevant data as recorded for the performance of the EGCS are showing values
different from those before the malfunction occurred 

What is the role of the ship operator after malfunction evidence is obvious?
perform recording of monitoring equipment malfunctioning; Sulphur content of different fuel oils used and
parameters indicating compliant operation 

What are catalytic fines and why are they considered to be dangerous?
a by-product of refining and consist of small particles of metal; unless they are reduced by
purification, cat fines will become embedded in engine parts and cause serious and rapid
engine damage

Sustainability in shipping development is of critical importance to environmental protection and human

health. Globally, emissions from shipping activities are regulated by IMO, whose aims incorporate
environment protection through reducing pollution caused by ships. For the purpose of emission
abatement from shipping industry, IMO combined with some other regional bodies have taken active
actions on different issues. One of them is establishing emission control areas (ECAs), which was first
proposed in Annex VI of the 1997 MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships) protocol. Nowadays, the globally recognized ECAs include four main parts—i.e., Baltic Sea area,
the North Sea area, the North American area, and the Unites States Caribbean Sea area—which became
effective since 1 January, 2015. In detail, IMO is pursuing control of marine emissions by two
approaches: a) vigorous controls inside ECAs; b) global limits for sulfur and NOx emission limits, by
impending global cap in sulfur content demands all the vessels use fuel with sulfur content less than 0.5%
from 1 January 2020. Meanwhile, China also has issued local SECA policies for ships since 1 January
2016. However, Chinese SECA policy is incongruent with the other existing SECAs in standard and
range, i.e., with a 0.5% Sulfur content limit and 12 nm from the coastal baseline for regulatory areas.

Which of the following means a human element that enables personnel to sincerely and
equally communicate with others without violating the right of others? 
experience
Which of the following means “controllability”?
integrating people with equipment, systems and interfaces

Recent analyses of marine casualties indicated that many of the fundamental elements of
Bridge Resource Management (BRM) and Engine-room Resource Management (ERM) were
not being practiced. In addition, it was also clearly evident that a lack of communication was
a prominent factor in marine casualties. In this context, IMO reached a conclusion that it was
imperative to include the non-technical skills such as BRM and ERM in the STCW Code as
requirements for deck and engineer officers in order to prevent maritime incidents. With
regard to resources, personnel means human resources allocated for safe navigation and
are required to have competency to manage and utilize other personnel as well as
appropriate qualification in performing tasks. In addition, personnel are required to be well
versed in the functions of equipment and to have capability to utilize information from the
equipment and to confirm the functions are being demonstrated. Equipment as resource
means all installations to maintain safe navigation and they should be fully functional.
Information resource means information comes from external, personnel, running and
maintenance records, drawings, instruction manuals and equipment. There are two types of
information from the equipment, which are the information that automatically comes from
equipment like a monitoring system and the information  detected by personnel using their
five senses.

Which approach is considered to be an option in order to avoid non-compatibility issues

and to enable faster switching procedure?
All mentioned above

What may be the possible consequence of switching from HFO to MGO taking into account
difference un temperature of fuel delivered to fuel injection pumps?
Viscosity values below..

Why is it of a high importance to monitor the pressure variations across mixing tank, filters
and strainers?
To detected potential clogging…

Which procedure shall be carried out prior to fuel switching takes place?
Fuel system assessment…

What are the required steps to be taken in order to ensure lubricant compatibility?
To carry out …

Which of the following refers to the temperature below which wax forms a cloudy
appearance? The presence of solidified waxes thickens the fuel and can clog fuel filters and
injectors in engines.
cloud point

1. The ships operating in Arctic Waters require certain structural reinforcements

enabling them to prevent damage when encountering ice. True
2. The Arctic Ocean remains an inaccessible part of the earth, however, the tendency of
increased level of scientific researches is being done constantly. False
3. The development of new sailing routes is essentially important for the global trade
allowing ships to cut off the distance and duration of transportation of cargo True
4. Ballast water treatment plant installation is considered to be the most efficient way
to eliminate migration risks of aquatic invasive species. True
5. The number of ships passing through the Suez Canal is twice higher than the one of
those traversing the Arctic Ocean. False
Which of the following defines a measure of the ability of two or more fuels to be
commingled without evidence of material separation, resulting in the formation of multiple
phases, e.g. flocculation or separation of asphaltenes?
Compatibility

Which of the following means low-Sulphur fuel oil (LSFO)?

DM fuel grades DMA, DMX and DMZ, and DF fuel grades DFA and DFZ, as specified in ISO
8217:2017, Table 1. More specifically, clear and bright in appearance, notwithstanding the
use of dyes, and containing no residual fuel material

The two polar areas Arctic (North Pole region) and Antarctic (South Pole region), because of
their relative isolation and harsh climate, are as affected (affect) by human activities as the
rest of the world.  In recent years, merchant, cruise and offshore vessels have been
operating (operate) in the polar areas more and more.  The safety part of the code has
design, construction, equipment, operational, training, search and rescue requirements
related to the potential hazards of operating (operate) in polar regions, including ice,
remoteness and severe and rapidly changing weather conditions. A ship’s ice class is used
(use) to determine its polar ship category. The Polar Code contains specific requirements for
a ship intended (intend) to operate in low air temperature.

Which of the following, when exceeding, may cause corrosion of metal surfaces and limits
for this property are specified in ISO 8217:2017 for both distillate and residual fuels? 
acid number 

What may be possible consequence of complacency occurrence? improved communication with

another crew, gradually increased fitness to work 

Which of the following may be considered to be the major contributory cause of

complacency development? all mentioned above
Which of the following may be considered to be the best interpretation of “personal
attitude suppression”? when your creativity, inventiveness is hampered and the person, who
suppresses your personal attitude, pays nil attention to your thoughts, ideas and suggestions

Which of the following examples represents “complacency” most? They became morbidly self-
satisfied that they are at the top of their tree, because they have a certain belief that they are the best or
good enough in their field of work.

What are the advantages of the notion of complacency occurrence? None

Which of the following means a property of a fuel, which is defined in terms of its potential
to change condition during storage and use?
Stability
What does ship of Category A mean?
a ship designed for operation in polar waters in at least
medium first-year ice, which may include old ice inclusions

Which of the following means a fuel parameter, used to ensure that fuels remain pumpable
at low temperatures and to guide fuel storage temperatures? 
pour point

Different physical characteristics of 0.50%-Sulphur fuels endanger proper operation of

machinery systems and functionality of the latter. False
Valve guttering may occur due to formation of excessive ash deposits. Doesn’t say
The wax deposition in the areas adjoining the bore, the bore face, the tubing string and the
pump is the result of the cooling effect, which occurs when the oil flows from the high-
pressure reservoir into the wellbore to the surface. . Doesn’t say
When switching between different fuel types, thorough consideration shall be taken in
terms of required injection temperature. True
ME operation is expected to be improved by running on 0.50%-Sulphur fuels due to its
higher viscosity level. False

Do purchase fuels with similar 

viscosities and never with dissimilar, if they are non-available at the bunker, contact and proceed to a
different bunker instead. 

Do not mix fuels with greatly dissimilar viscosity, densities, MCR or pour point;
different characteristics may provide an early indication of possible incompatibility. 

Do try to avoid mixing bunker fuels: if possible,

receive new fuels into empty tanks. 

Do not mix a residual fuel oil 

with MDO or MGO. 

Do carry out the spot test first on the proposed mixture if you arrive in port Відповідь
without an empty tank to load into; if that fails, 5
take advice and/or confirm with the TSP test to confirm whether there are potential issues if products are
mixed. 

What is MARPOL Annex IV about?

Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (entered into force 27 September 2003)
Which of the following, when exceeding, may cause accelerated abrasive wear of fuel
pumps, injectors, piston rings and cylinder liners?
catalyst fines

What was found to be the fuel for fire occurrence? hydraulic oil
What was found to be the reason of leakage? failed filter bolts
What was the consequence of abnormal vibration to the pump flange? cracked flange
Where the securing screws together with brackets were found to be intact? on electric motor
What was found to be worn in the attachment flange of the pulsation damper? bolt clearance holes 

Make sure the snap-on couplings are secured by means of On-rigs.

If possible use the portable pump to transfer the cargo to another cargo tank
as required to be in place and in good working condition.

Lower the portable pump into the cargo tank by means of a sling and never by the hoses.

Never hook up the portable pump to the main system without using a flow control valve for speed control
of the portable pump.

The pump to be placed by closing the flow control valve. 

Which of the following words means a safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a
system? relief valve
Framo commenced the idea of an individual submerged hydraulically driven pump for each
tank to improve cargo-handling performance. True
Framo cargo solutions made cargo and tank cleaning operations longer letting crew
members to gain more experience while bunkering. False
In most cases, there is no pump room onboard chemical and product tankers. True
Framo submerged cargo pump can be started or stopped both manually and automatically.
True
Cargo segregation is one of those benefits that cannot be overestimated, because meeting
legal requirements in certain emission zones is of high importance. True

Which of the following words means the main driving component of any hydraulic system,
capable of generating a huge amount of power to drive almost any hydraulic ram? power
unit
Which of the following words means a certain peculiarity of an oil reservoir for avoiding
mixture of oil after performing work with the one inside of the tank? Hole
When you are ordered to examine hydraulic pump that means to check for proper working
condition including filling status of liquid
The engine room has various machineries, and its parameters have to be controlled
precisely to run the ship safely. Earlier, labor on board ship was so huge, that each crew
would have specific jobs to perform. However, with the advent of hydraulic automated
control systems, the labor and workloads have dropped for a great extent and the whole
ship is now manned  with just thirteen to fifteen people. The automated control system may
include precise opening and closing of valves and maintaining pneumatic air pressure. The
application of hydraulic oil pressure and remote operation of respective valves control the
flow of hydraulic oil and perform the required operation. For more exact results, feedback
systems have also been incorporated.

When there is a high level of hydraulic oil foaming that means air entrained system 
When there is pressure reduction in the system that means all mentioned
Which of the following words means a pump designed to lift water from some level below
the pump suction without having to fill the suction piping with liquid? self-cleaning
Which of the following is a sign of solid contaminants in a hydraulic pump? pitted gears
When the relief valve is faulty the result of that can be excessive pressure
What is the disadvantage of using hydraulic hoses in a hydraulic system? wears out more
quickly than tubing 

The relief valve relieves excessive oil pressure back into the reservoir tank, thus is maintain
(maintain) safety of the system. The hydraulic oil under pressure is pumped pump) through
very small pipelines to various valve units. The valve units are  usually of electro-hydraulic
type, operated operate) by solenoid activation and returned to original position by spring
force. Each unit of the valve is activated (activate) by the signal from the solenoid. The
pressure is lost in is performed (perform) the required work of either lifting, rotating etc.

Today Framo cargo pumps handle all types of liquid cargo, switching easily between them.
A tank first filled with petroleum might next be filled with acid – or perhaps with olive oil or
drinking water. The pumps discharge, drain and clean the tanks quickly and thoroughly,
making it possible to take on new cargo without contamination or delay. The Framo
submerged cargo pump is the heart of the system. More than a half-century after it was
introduced, it is still a unique solution – used by nearly all vessels in the world that handle
liquid cargo. It has the ability to pump any type of liquid cargo, no matter how sensitive or
viscous. It is a vertical single-stage centrifugal pump powered  by a hydraulic motor for safe
and efficient operation. Almost all of cargo pumps are made in stainless steel and designed
with a smooth and easy-to-clean surface, featuring a limited number of flanges for a
superior ability to pump any liquid. The cargo pump has a built-in hydraulic motor
connected to the impeller by a short independent shaft. Motor, shaft and bearings are
lubricated and cooled by the hydraulic driving oil.

When installing hydraulic components you should follow the installation technics that: are
required for each component
When refilling hydraulic oil it is essential: follow manufacture’s requirements
What is the most important requirement before working on a hydraulic system? understand
the system’s operation
When you are ordered to conduct a routine inspection of hydraulic system that means to
make all necessary marking or calibration
Which of the following words means a substance or object capable of being decomposed
by bacteria or other living organisms and thereby avoiding pollution? Biodegradable
When the ship is in roadstead, that means the watch in engine room is carried out in stand-
by mode
What is fatigue commonly associated with?  Tiredness
What did MLC come into force? August 2013
What Title of MLC contains standards for rest hours? Title 2
What is the maximum hours of work in any 24-hour period? 14 hours
What is the minimum hours of rest in any 7-day period? 77 hours
What is MLC? Maritime Labour Convention
What is MLC Title 2 about? Employment conditions
All persons who are assigned duty as officer in charge of a watch or as a rating forming part
of a watch shall be provided a minimum of 10 hours of rest in  any 24-hour period. The
minimum period of ten hours may be reduced to not less than 6 consecutive hours
provided that any such reduction shall not extend beyond two days and not less than 70
hours of rest are provided each seven day period. The 'officer in charge of the engineering
watch' is the chief engineer officer's representative who is responsible for the inspection,
operation and testing, as required, of all machinery and equipment under the responsibility
of the engineering watch.
When you are ordered to conduct medical examination of crewmember for mental
symptoms of fatigue, that means you should try to find out if crewmember suffers from
poor judgement of distance, speed, time, reduced attention
Which of the following means the senior engineer officer responsible for the mechanical
propulsion and the operation and maintenance of the mechanical and electrical installations
of the ship? Chief Engineer Officer 
“On a ship, the human element can provide a weather eye for difficulties ahead, a calm,
unruffled response to situations as they develop and those indefinable qualities known as
good seamanship: or it can be frail, lacking in competence, ability and concentration . People
remain a basic component with all their strengths and weaknesses which can both cause a
disaster or prevent it. Our task as members of the Marine Industry is to sort out the issues
and to build on the strengths and correct the weaknesses.” The conclusion of many
industries, including the maritime industry, shows that human performance can result in
safe and reliable operations. With the combined activities of organizations such as the IMO,
Flag States, Port Authorities, and Class societies, the challenges of the job on the mariner
are being asknowleged , and a trend towards working together to overcome difficulties is
shown. This, united with the continued professionalism of mariner, will result in a far safer
marine expiriance.
Fatigue is a specific illness. False
People suffering with fatigue feel healthy and full of energy. False
Both physical and mental fatigue are the first signs that the body is under unhealthy stress.
True
The main medicine to fight fatigue is sleep. True
 If tiredness becomes an ongoing problem seafarer should go to the psychologist.  True
Which of the following words means to choose someone officially to do a particular job?  to
designate
When you are not satisfied with the working conditions on the vessel, that means you have
the right to complain to the consul of your country in the nearest port
What is MLC about? Guidlines on the basic elements of a shipboard occupational health
and safety programme
Which of the following means instruction or prescribed procedure in force permanently or
until changed or canceled? specific training

The chief engineer officer shall, in consultation with the master, determine in advance the
needs of the intended voyage, taking (take) into consideration the requirements for fuel,
water, lubricants, chemicals, expendable and other spare parts, tools, supplies and any other
requirements. Administrations shall require that watch schedules be posted where they are
(be) easily accessible. The relieving officer of the engineering watch shall ensure that the
members of the relieving engineering watch are apparently fully capable of performing
(perform) their duties effectively. The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall not
hand over the watch to the relieving officer if there is reason to believe that the latter is
obviously not capable of carrying out (carry out) the watchkeeping duties effectively. Prior
to taking (take) over the engineering watch, relieving officers shall satisfy themselves
regarding logbook completion.
When the machinery spaces are in the periodic unmanned condition, that means the
designated duty officer shall be immediately available and on call to attend the machinery
spaces
What of the factor is resulted in sleep disorder? Insomnia
When the machinery spaces are in the manned condition, that means the watchkeeping
officer shall always be present in machinery spaces
What are the cases not to hand over watch even if your time is out? Reliving officer is
obviously not capable of carrying out the watch keeping duties
Which of the following means a condition capable of leading to emergency if certain
instructions and precautions are not taken?  adverse condition
Never sign a contract that blinds you to any conditions that you are not familiar with
Always ensure that the contract clearly states the basic wages payable and make sure that the
basic working hours are clearly defined

Don’t sign a contract that allows for alterations to be made to the contractual period at the sole
discretion of the shipowner.

Make sure that the contract clearly states how many days paid leave per month you will get.
Don’t start work on a ship without having a written contract 
Which of the following adverse conditions requires permanent air or steam pressure to be
always available for sound signals? restricted visibility
What is IMO Tier III NOx emission standard? applies only for new marine diesel engines over
130 kW installed in ships which keel laying date is 1st January 2016 or later, when operating
inside designated ECA.
The scrubbers ensure that the 0.1% fuel Sulphur content emission regulations can be met
The full propulsion system with Wärtsilä’s closed loop scrubber systems lowers operating
costs, while redusing (reduce) the vessel’s environmental footprint by allowing the owners
to use high Sulphur fuels in ECA zones and still meet Sulphur emissions restrictions.
Having the largest installed base of any marine scrubber supplier and a dedicated test
laboratory, has enabled Wärtsilä optimizing (optimize) their products to be reliable, easy to
operate and easy to install.
The hybrid approach enables operation in closed loop mode when required, for instance
whilst in port and during maneuvering using NaOH as a buffer, but the system can only be
operated in zero discharge mode for a limited period, but when at sea the switch can be
made to open loop using (use) only seawater.
Wärtsilä can develop tailored retrofit turnkey solutions in close cooperation with the
customer - from the very first enquiry - until the system is successfully delivered (deliver)
and the project complete.

There are two main types of wet scrubber technologies . The first wet scrubber technology,
referred to as seawater scrubbing, is an open-loop design which uses seawater to scrub the
exhaust before discharging the washwater back to the sea following treatment. In a
seawater scrubber, the exhaust gases are brought into contact with seawater, either through
spraying seawater into the exhaust stream or routing the exhaust gases through a water
bath.
The second wet scrubber technology is a closed-loop system. Freshwater is used as
washwater, and caustic soda is injected into the washwater to neutralize the sulfur in the
exhaust. A small portion of the washwater is bled off and treated to remove suspended
solids. The suspended solids are held as sludge and disposed of shoreside as with the open
loop design. The treated bleed-off washwater can be discharged at open sea or held
onboard for disposal shoreside. Additional freshwater is added to the system as needed.

Which of the following means a very effective waste heat recovery system designed for a
ship? exhaust gas boiler
What is MARPOL Annex VI about? addresses air pollution from ocean-going ships
Which of the following means a product of fuel oil combustion which is considered to be
extremely harmful to the environment and its content in the fuel can be reduced by means
of scrubber systems? SOx

What does ECA mean? Emission Control Area designated under regulation 13 of MARPOL
Annex VI

The main advantage of closed loop scrubber system is: that the scrubber works with the
same efficiency independently of where the vessel is operating

What is OLSS? This system utilizes the natural alkalinity in seawater for scrubbing, and does
not need caustic soda. 

Also, OMM shall include details on how the monitoring systems are to be surveyed.

For ships intending to use an EGCS in part or in full to comply with Regulation 14 of Ответ
MARPOL Annex VI, a SOx Emissions Compliance Plan (SECP) 2
must be approved on behalf of the Administration and is required to detail the method of compliance for
all fuel oil combustion machinery installed on board.

An approved Onboard Monitoring Manual (OMM) is also to be retained on board the vessel
for each installed EGCS.

The OMM should be approved by the flag State of the vessel and is to include data on the
sensors used in the EGCS emissions and washwater monitoring system, including service, maintenance
and calibration.

OMM must also contain other information and data  needed to properly operate and maintain the
monitoring systems. 

MPA of Singapore is intended to limit open loop scrubber washwater discharge. False

IMO strongly supports MPA of Singarope and switches its attention from emission
reduction to zero mode discharge. True

Singapore MPA is strongly concerned about harmful substances content in washwater.  True

Ships equipped with open loop scrubbers are required to use compliant fuel when calling at
Singapore. False

Scrubber residues reception facilities are to be provided in ports for additional charge. True

How much of scrubbing water is discharged overboard? Little or no

What is the name of chemical additive used to control the water alkalinity? Sodium hydroxide

What is the main difference between closed and open loop scrubber systems?  wash water
recirculation in CLSS

Which system requires lesser wash water flow to reach same efficiency?  CLSS

Which sailing areas are most suitable for CLSS? All …

Which of the following means a system for NOx emission reduction via a reducing agent
and a catalyst?  SCR
Which of the following means using less energy to provide the same level of energy, which
is also a method to reduce GHE? energy efficiency

Which of the following means diesel engine capable of running on both gaseous and liquid
fuels? dual-fuel engine

What is HERCULES? Project aimed to improve engine efficiency in combustion with ultra-
low emissions for ships.

The second option ship owners have to achieve SOx regulatory compliance is: to retrofit
new machinery that permits operation on low Sulphur alternative fuel

Shipping is a global industry and the harmful emissions created from shipping fleets affect
many regions worldwide. As a consequence, the marine industry will in the coming years
face tougher legislation on emissions around the world. These rules and regulations will
force the marine industry to make difficult choices, however the benefits are a much cleaner
air, resulting in a greener future for us all. The rules range from the International Maritime
Organization’s MARPOL Annex VI regulation 4 as detailed in resolution MEPC 184(59) to the
European Union Directives 2005/33/ EC and 1999/32/EC. Some areas may also be faced with
national or local rules. Business as usual is no longer an option. To comply with incoming
rules, ship owners must switch to costly low Sulphur fuel, or choose abatement technology.
The 2020 deadline for meeting 0.1% Sulphur levels in Emission Control Areas (ECA) is fast
approaching, and the marine industry needs to choose a path on how to achieve
compliance.

The first option ship owners have to achieve SOx regulatory compliance is: to use low
Sulphur marine fuel in existing machinery

According to IMO, the maximum allowed Sulphur content in fuel used by ships operating in
SECA/ECA in Jan 1st 2020 shall be: 0.1 % Sulphur content

The third option ship owners have to achieve SOx regulatory compliance is: to install sludge
tanks all over the vessel

What do IMO Tier III emission standards require? require progressive reduction in SOx
emissions from ships, with the global sulfur cap reduced initially to 3.50%

To prevent air pollution from ships, regulations covering pollutants such as nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) specified under the 1997 International Maritime Organization
(IMO)/MARPOL Convention came into force in 2005 (Tier 1 regulations). These regulations
were followed in 2011 by the Tier 2 regulations (a 15 to 22% reduction on Tier 1), with Tier
3 (an 80% reduction on Tier 1) to come into force for certain maritime regions starting from
2016. Similarly, to reduce greenhouse gasses (GHGs), the energy efficiency design index
(EEDI) for CO2 emissions were introduced from 2013. This requires a 10% reduction in
CO2 emissions by 2015 and a 20% reduction by 2020. The growing demand to reduce
engine emissions in recent years has led to interest in engines fueled by natural gas, which
can significantly reduce nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, particulate matter and carbon
dioxide. This has led to recognition of the potential for marine engines fueled by natural
gas to help reduce marine environmental problems.

The DF technology enables the engine to be operated on: NG, PG, LSFO or HFO

To monitor that no gas leakage occurs,  gas sensors have to be installed in the engine room.

MDO fuel feed pumps, filters and equipment for pilot fuel feed system have to be added to the
engine room auxiliary equipment.

The required gas pressure before the gas admission valves varies with the engine load and
to accurately control the gas pressure  before the gas admission valves, a gas pressure regulating
valve is required.

Shaft power meters are not mandatory on board conventional liquid fuel burning vessels
and may or may not be installed. In case a shaft power meter is already installed,  it can most
likely provide the necessary engine load feedback signal required for DF engines operating in gas mode.

The required gas pressure before the gas admission valves varies with the engine load and
to accurately control the gas pressure before the gas admission valves, a gas pressure
regulating valve is required. 

Which of the following means an operating mode of diesel engine, when the engine works
according to the Diesel process where the diesel fuel is fed to cylinders at the end of
compression stroke?  diesel mode

What do GI and LGI with MAN ME stand for? gas injection and liquid gas injection

DF ME, when running in diesel mode, works according to: Diesel’s process where the diesel
fuel is fed to cylinders at the end of compression stroke

ME-LGIP engine designed for LNG running has been introduced recently. TRUE

The engine’s ‘ME-’ prefix indicates that the new engine benefits from well-proven electronic
controls that also encompass the fuel being injected by the so-called Fuel Booster Injection
Valve. False

ME-LGIP is considered to be one of the most environmentally-friendly engines ever

manufactured. True

LPG is quite easy to get and handle which makes it even more advantageous comparing to
other gaseous fuels. True

Methanol and LPG carriers have already operated at sea for many years and many more LPG
tankers are currently being built as the global LPG infrastructure grows.  True

Which of the following means an operating mode of diesel engine, when the engine runs on
both gas and diesel? gas mode

Which of the following means a technique for Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission reduction,
used in a reciprocating internal combustion engine, which involves diluting the intake air
with recirculated exhaust gases? SCR

What does CRS in ME mean? common rail system

What do IMO Tier II emission standards require? require approximately 20% emission
reduction from the Tier I NOx emission level

The most important merit of fuel conversion to natural gas is that it is effective for reducing
(reduce) all exhaust emissions at once.

 To make effective use of the natural gas produced (produce) by oil rigs as a byproduct of
oil extraction, this led to the burning of the gas in diesel engines by mixing it with the intake
air.

Many different types of dual-fuel engines have been developed since World War II, many of
which have been either diesel-ignited gas engines that use liquid fuel to ignite the gas fuel,
or mixed combustion engines in which LNG tanker boil-off gas or the byproduct natural gas
from oil extraction is used (use) together with another fuel.

Safety and redundancy requirements specified specify) in ship classifications technical

guidelines must be satisfied if natural gas engines are to be used on ships.

Switchable dual-fuel engines were first developed develop) in the late 1990s as four-stroke
engines, while practical two-stroke dual-fuel engines did not appear until 2010.

What do IMO Tier III emission standards apply to? marine diesel engines installed on new
ships constructed on or after 1st January 2016

What does economic benefit of dual-fuel operation include?  extended running hours, low-cost
installation, spark plugs removal

What does environmental benefit of dual-fuel operation include? NOx, CO2 reduction

What does technical benefit of dual-fuel operation include? extended engine retrofit time, no
core engine modifications

Which feature can be integrated for measuring the supply of different fuels and calculating
the fuels consumption? flow metering system

What enables combined systems display in one location? operator interface 

When running in gas mode, in order to ignite the air-gas mixture, a small amount of liquid
fuel is injected: by a separate pilot fuel system

Which of the following means a subdivision of a material into its smallest particles, such as
fuels reduced to a fine spray mist by diesel engine injectors? Pumping

Because intake air is used for scavenging in a two-stroke engine, it is not allowed to mix the
gas fuel with the intake air. Instead, the gas fuel is injected into the compressed air in the
same way as diesel fuel, and then ignition is achieved by injecting fuel via the micro-pilot
fuel injector. Because this results in diffusion combustion , as with diesel fuel, it can reduce
CO2 emissions by 20% or more, with a low level of unburned gas and CO emission and
without knocking. However, the level of NOx emissions is high due to the same reason.
In order to pressurize gas fuel injected into the compressed air up to 30 MPa, natural gas
that has been pressurized in liquid form is vaporized and then injected into the cylinder.
And because there is no risk of knocking, the switch between diesel fuel and gas fuel can be
performed comparatively easily and quickly. One proposal for improving the level of NOx
emissions for two-stroke dual-fuel engines is to use a low-pressure gas fuel injection engine
that can operate with a lean pre-mixed fuel mixture despite being a two-stroke engine. This
involves using a fuel injection timing control method that enables  the time delay of pre-
mixing of gas fuel and air during the intake stroke that prevents the fuel-air mixture from
coming into direct contact with the exhaust gas.

To comply with IMO Tier II and III emission standards, MAN 35/44DF  requires no: exhaust
gas after-treatment system

DF ME, when running in gas mode, works according to: Otto’s process where the lean air
fuel mixture is fed to cylinders during the suction stroke

Which of the following means an operating mode of diesel engine, when the engine works
according to the Otto process where the lean air fuel mixture is fed to cylinders during the
suction stroke? gas mode

What is of the following defines “competence without negligence” best? when a competent
crew member was not at fault, but nevertheless the damage or loss occurred

Which of the following means “occupational health and safety”? the effect of work, the
working environment and living conditions on the health, safety and well-being of the
person

Which of the following means a competence to act proactively in various situations and to
precisely determine the existence of risks, the possibility of environmental pollution, illegal
situations and the likelihood of incidents? situational awareness

Which of the following means “manning”? number of people required for the safe operation
and security of the ship and for the protection of the marine environment in both normal
and emergency situations

Which of the following requirements means a skill necessary to achieve joint tasks and
requires situational awareness and the competence to lead, understanding how to influence
and motivate other personnel?  Leadership

Which of the following means “maintainability”? operational maintenance tasks to be rapid,

safe and effective to allow equipment and systems to achieve a specified level of
performance

In June 2010, the proposed amendment to the STCW Convention and the Code was
adopted at the diplomatic conference convened in Manila. This amendment includes many
amendments to the Convention to meet the contemporary technologies and to eliminate
ambiguity of the provisions. And as one of the amendments, a requirement of knowledge
on Engine-room resource management (ERM) has been newly introduced into the
competence table for engineer officers at the operational level. This requirement, as a
knowledge, understanding and proficiency for competence “Maintain a safe engineering
watch”, requires engineer officers to acquire the knowledge of ERM and to practice ERM. In
practicing ERM, it’s vital to develop consciousness based on its concept and comprehension
of the components constructing ERM. Furthermore, since ERM cannot be practiced if it is
only understood by specialized personnel, it is essential for all personnel to share common
perceptions about its necessity, understanding ERM equally and appropriately. From this
aspect, it is also necessary for the engineer officers at the management level to review ERM
at this time as it becomes a mandatory requirement, taking into account that the
competence of “Use leadership and managerial skills” as an essential element of ERM has
been introduced into the competence table of the function of “Controlling the operation of
the ship and care for person on board at the management level.

Which of the following defines “general incompetence” best? total, complete incompetence
and unsuitability of the crew member for the assigned role, not least for a particular task or
duty

Which of the following requirements includes forms of order, response, provision of

information and report according to the scenes of ship’s operation?  communication 

Which of the following requirements indicates that personnel being assigned tasks upon
his/her position and is appropriately allocated in order to maintain safe navigation?
allocation and assignment

Which of the following defines “competence” best? is a blend of technical skills and
sufficient mastery of the social structures which inevitably embrace all human activity

Management of resources includes personnel management, equipment management and

information management and personnel management means that personnel are
appropriately arranged (arrange) based on their qualifications, their experience and their
certifications

Equipment management is to manage (manage) the operation and maintenance of

machinery, and running and maintenance records. 

Information management is to manage (manage) records of information, sharing of

information and appropriate understanding and response to information.

It’s said that full practice of ERM is essential to ensure the ship’s safe navigation especially in
such a situation of entering/leaving ports where operational condition is continuously
changing

Consideration of team experience is also supported (support) by communication and shares

common competence with leadership.

What is MARPOL Annex I about? Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil (entered
into force 2 October 1983)

The ships operating in Arctic Waters require certain structural reinforcements enabling them
to prevent damage when encountering ice. True
The Arctic Ocean remains an inaccessible part of the earth, however, the tendency of
increased level of scientific researches is being done constantly. False

The development of new sailing routes is essentially important for the global trade allowing
ships to cut off the distance and duration of transportation of cargo. True

Ballast water treatment plant installation is considered to be the most efficient way to
eliminate migration risks of aquatic invasive species. True

The number of ships passing through the Suez Canal is twice higher than the one of those
traversing the Arctic Ocean. False

Which of the following means the notation assigned to the ship by the Administration or by
an organization recognized by the Administration showing that the ship has been designed
for navigation in sea-ice conditions? ice class 

What are “working liquids”? any substances that are pollutants used for the operation of the
ship’s machinery

Which of the following means a ventilated environment that will protect against
hypothermia?  habitable environment

What is MARPOL Annex VI about? Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (entered into force
19 May 2005)

The two polar areas Arctic (North Pole region) and Antarctic (South Pole region), because of
their relative isolation and harsh climate, are as affected affect) by human activities as the
rest of the world. 

In recent years, merchant, cruise and offshore vessels have been operating (operate) in the
polar areas more and more. 

The safety part of the code has design, construction, equipment, operational, training,
search and rescue requirements related to the potential hazards of operating (operate) in
polar regions, including ice, remoteness and severe and rapidly changing weather
conditions.

A ship’s ice class is used use) to determine its polar ship category.

The Polar Code contains specific requirements for a ship intended (intend) to operate in low
air temperature.

What does “escorted operation” mean? any operation in which a ship’s movement is
facilitated through the intervention of an escort

What does ship of Category A mean? a ship designed for operation in polar waters in at
leastmedium first-year ice, which may include old ice inclusions

What was the successful transit of Christophe de Margerie due to? optimal weather and ice
conditions

Why is the Arctic region considered to be a hostile environment? weather and ice conditions
What is the possible result of open water increase in the High North? Sea lanes blockage

What are the common navigation challenges during summer season? all mentioned

How many potential Arctic shipping routes have been identified by The IMO Polar Code
Advisory? 5

The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (the Polar Code) is a new code
adopted by the IMO. The Code acknowledges that polar waters may impose additional
demands on ships beyond those normally encountered. It provides a mandatory framework
for ships operating in polar waters. The main requirements are related to safety, protection
of the environment, and seafarer competence, and it is implemented on amendments to
SOLAS, MARPOL and the STCW. Part I safety requirements and Part I manning and training
requirements apply to ships certified in accordance with SOLAS and which operate in polar
waters. Part II environmental protection requirements apply to ships that must comply with
MARPOL and which operate in polar waters. For non-SOLAS ships that are required to hold
a MARPOL certificate (such as fishing vessels), only the Part II environmental protection
requirements of the Polar Code apply.

Which of the following means a statutory document issued by

the Administration to certify that the ship complies with the
regulations of the safety related part of the Polar Code?  Polar ship Certificate

What is MARPOL Annex II about? Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid
Substances in Bulk (entered into force 2 October 1983)
The PWOM should establish the means by which decisions as to whether ice conditions exceed
by exposure to low temperatures, and the measures to be adopted to avoid malfunction.

The PWOM should provide guidance on maintaining and monitoring any systems and equipment that are
required
to be kept active in order to ensure functionality; e.g. by trace heating or continuous working fluid
circulation.

The PWOM should provide guidance on how to prevent or mitigate icing by operational means, how to
monitor and assess ice accretion,
to be kept active in order to ensure functionality; e.g. by trace heating or continuous working fluid
circulation

The PWOM should list all ship systems susceptible to damage or loss of functionality
information on identifying relevant Rescue Coordination Centres for any intended routes, and should
require that contact information and procedures be verified and updated as required as part of any
voyage plan.

The PWOM should provide information on the ice conditions in which the ship
can be expected to make continuous progress. 

The safety measures of the Code are in Part I-A, which is divided into 12 chapters issues
topics such as a mandatory polar certification and ship survey; the requirement for a polar
water operational manual including information and procedures for operating in cold
weather and ice conditions; ship structural environment for operating in low air
temperatures and ice strengthened for operation in ice; ship subdivision and stability; water
and weathertight integrity; machinery installations to function in conditions of ice and snow;
fire safety and protection which is functional in icy conditions; lifesaving appliance and
arrangements for escape, evacuation from the ship and survival off the ship; navigational
safety considerations; communication equipment for ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore and
survival craft and rescue boat communications; voyage planning; and manning and training
specific to polar waters. In addition to the mandatory provisions of these chapters, Part I-B
of the Code includes additional requirements on the subject matter of these safety
chapters.

What is MARPOL Annex V about? Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (entered

into force 31 December 1988)

What does “icebreaker” mean? any ship whose operational profile may include escort or ice
management functions, whose powering and dimensions allow it to undertake aggressive
operations in ice-covered waters

Which of the following is required by the Polar Code in order to establish procedures
and operational limitations? functional requirement

Due to the low viscosity of MGO, extra care needs to be taken with regard to the tightness
of  shutoff valves. Furthermore, the boiler fuel supply pumps should be MGO-ready (taking
into account the reduced lubrication capabilities of the MGO). Note: In the case of more
recently built LNG ships (ordered after 2010), the precautions recommended above for
boilers will likely have been taken into consideration. The main issue with very-low-Sulphur
HFO and ultra-low-Sulphur HFO is the variability/lack of uniformity between different fuels
on the market. It is not known how fuels from different suppliers (or bunkering ports) will
react with each other. This variability may also result in boiler combustion that is not optimal
for all fuels, hence care will need to be taken to ensure that fouling of the boilers is not
excessive. If the fuel leads to excessive fouling , the burner/combustion settings will need to
be adjusted as a temporary measure until there is an opportunity to shut down the boiler to
clean the burner swirler and associated burner fittings in the furnace. Consultation with
specialized experts should be considered for assistance when making these adjustments.
When these fuels are used in combination with MGO, it is recommended that consideration
be given to the use of separate day tanks and the continuation of the fuel changeover
procedures, with the ideal solution being the use of separate fuel lines to the burners for
MGO and other fuels. For blended fuels in particular, it is extremely important to study the
BDN and Fuel Analysis Report carefully. The original equipment manufacturers should
always be contacted if there is any question as to whether the fuels will cause problems for
the burners/boilers.

Which of the following means marine diesel oil (MDO)? DM fuel grade DMB, and DF fuel
grade DFB, as specified in ISO 8217:2017, Table 1. May contain traces of residual fuel
elements
Which of the following means ultra-low-Sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO)? fuel oils including RM and
DM fuels with a maximum Sulphur content of 0.10%

MARPOL Annex VI is subject to ongoing change, and has seen progressive reductions in
NOx, Sox and particulate matter (PM) globally.
The 2008 amendments to MARPOL Annex VI included an agreement to reduce the Sulphur
limit outside ECAs, with an initial reduction from the existing limit of 4.50% to 3.50% max.
from 1 January 2012, and then from 3.50% to 0.50%, effective 1 January 2020, subject to a
fuel oil availability review to be completed no later than 2018.
The review of fuel oil availability, designed to inform the decision to be taken by the Parties
to MARPOL Annex VI, was completed in 2016 and submitted for consideration at the 70th
session of the MEPC (October 2016). The review concluded that enough compliant fuel oil
would be available, and the IMO decided that the 0.50% Sulphur limit in fuel oil would
become effective on 1 January 2020.
The corresponding fuel Sulphur limits applicable in ECAs had previously been reduced from
1.00% to 0.10% on 1 January 2015, and the documented experiences with this changeover
may be useful in preparing for the 1 January 2020 change to max. 0.50%-Sulphur fuels.
Which of the following means high-Sulphur fuel oil (HSFO)? fuel oil with a Sulphur content
exceeding 0.50%
Which of the following fuel properties, when exceeding the manufacturer’s specifications at
the injectors may lead to poor combustion, deposit formation and energy loss? Viscosity
Which of the following means a fuel parameter, used to ensure that fuels remain pumpable
at low temperatures and to guide fuel storage temperatures?  pour point
Which of the following refers to the temperature below which wax forms a cloudy
appearance? The presence of solidified waxes thickens the fuel and can clog fuel filters and
injectors in engines. cloud point