NAME: LLAPITAN, ABEGAIL V.

SECTION: BPED-1A
GEC 5 TOPIC 6 ACTIVITY 1

1. PREHISTORIC ART
In this history or art, prehistoric art refers to all artwork produced by ancient men before
any preconceived culture and known methods of writing. The term cave art is the painting or
drawing of figures called petrographs to portray aa story or to record known history.
 Cave painting or petrographs involves the application of pigment on the walls, floors
or ceilings or ancient rock dwelling inhabited by prehistoric men.
-it is also referring to an engraved drawing that is etched or done by cutting lines on the
rock surface with a sharp object probably a stone tool.
 Most of the prehistoric cave paintings were figures of animals like bison and reindeer,
horses and tracing of human hands. Human figure was rarely shown and were usually
highly stylized and far less naturalistic than the animal figures.
 An example of this are the cave paintings which were found in 1870 at Altimira Spain by
Don Marcelo and his daughter. These paintings are sometimes called “The Sistine Chapel
of Paleolithic Art”

2. EGYPTIAN AND GREEK

 Egyptian society was based on the concept of harmony known as ma’at which had come
into being at the dawn of creation and sustained the universe. All Egyptian art is based on
perfect balance because it reflects the ideal world of the Gods. The same way these Gods
provided all good gifts for humanity, so the artwork was imagined and created to provide
a use. Egyptian art was always first and foremost functional.
 Early Dynastic Period of Art
- The value of balance, expressed as symmetry, infused Egyptian art from the
earliest times. The rock art from the Predynastic Period establishes this value which is
fully developed and realized in the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt.
 The great pyramid of Giza is defining symbol of Egypt and the last of the ancient Seven
Wonders of the world. It is located on the Giza plateau near the modern city of Cairo and
was built over a twenty-year period during the reign of the king Khufu of the 4 th dynasty.
 When talking about the Greek and Egyptian art, it is the sculpture and architecture that
comes to everyone’s mind. Egyptian art was more oriented towards religion. On the
country, Greek art was much more oriented towards philosophy. Unlike Egyptian art,
Greek art examined the world as it was and explored the various concepts of life.

3. ROMAN MEDIEVAL

 Roman art began around 500 B.C. and ended at the fall of Rome in 1453 A.D. medieval
art covers the production of art and artists in North Africa, Europe and the Middle East.
 Roman Art was developed largely because of the roman empire, during the time Romulus
to emperor particularly in sculpture.
  The Greeks were a great influence in roman sculpture. But Roman portraiture showed the
skills originally of the Romans by portraying their emperors, generals and senators with a
degree of realism unknown to the Greeks.
Medieval Period (950 years)
Medieval art covered almost ten centuries between the sack of Rome and the Early Italian
Renaissance. The church became the main sponsor of architecture and the other types of art during the
medieval era.

 In the beginning of the medieval period, all work of art is commissioned by religious authorities
for churches/monasteries.
 Prominent use of valuable materials such as gold for objects in churches, jewelry, mosaic
backgrounds.
 Art historians generally classify medieval art into the following periods: Early Medieval Art,
Romanesque Art, and Gothic Art.
- Early medieval period was predominantly related to building sacred buildings such as
churches which was the primary structure signifying Christian faith.
- Romanesque architecture style flourished across the western part of Europe with France as the
center of production and innovation.
- Gothic Art, originated in the 12th century with the rebuilding of the Abbey Church in Saint
Denis, France. Gothic Architecture offered revolutionary structural advancement such as ribbed
vaults, and decorative pinnacles all contributing to taller and lighter building design.
4. CHINESE AND JAPANESE
Chinese art is known for its paper and silk paintings made by the brush soaked in black or colored
ink. On the other hand, Japanese art presents itself with a number of varieties, such as sculpture made by
wood and bronze, ancient pottery, ink painting on silk and paper, oil painting, calligraphy etc. throughout
its history, Japanese art has relied heavily on forms and techniques borrowed from China. Rare examples
of wall paintings in the golden hall at Horyu-ji, near Nare were based on Chinese Horyoji sculpture based
on Korean models, reflecting the T’ang style of painting.

5.RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM

 The period in European history, from the 14th to17th century, was considered the link the Middle
Ages and the modern history. The term renaissance is from the same French word, meaning
rebirth or revival. It began as a cultural movement in Italy in the late medieval period and later
spread to the rest of Europe.
 The revival in classical learning characterized by a sharp increase in secular values and increased
interest in learning the classics.
 Renaissance is reflected in humanism. Humanism focused on developing the full potential of
man. This included not only the traditional virtues of love and honor but also virtues such as
judgement, prudence and eloquence.
Early Renaissance
- By 1500, because of the rediscovery of the classical world, the art of painting was radically
changed. The renaissance revived ancient forms and content. The spiritual content of painting
 changed and subject from Roman History and mythology were borrowed. Devotional art
became classically humanized. Classical artistic principles, harmony, proportion, realistic
expression and rational postures were followed.
High Renaissance
- This was the period when classical ideals of humanism were fully implemented in both
painting and sculpture. The preceding early renaissance had been centered on Florence and
paid for by the ruling Medici family while the high renaissance was centered on Rome and
pad by the Pontiff.
Late renaissance or mannerism
- The word mannerism is derived from the Italian Maniera, meaning “style” or “manner”.
Mannerism was a European art style that appeared in the later years of Italian high
renaissance around 1520 to 1560.

6. BAROQUE AND ROCOCO

Baroque Period
 In art, the word baroque was taken from the Portuguese barocco meaning, “irregular pearl or
stone” and originating in Rome.
 Baroque art showed the religious conflicts of the age, the desire of the roman catholic church to
restate itself after the Protestant reformation as annunciated at the council of Trent.
 Baroque defined something that was extravagant or intricate and highly detailed.
 The popularity of the style was due to the catholic church, which was determined at the council of
Trent that the art should convey and express religious ideas and direct emotional involvement in
reply to the protestant reformation.

Rococo Period
 It is determined to as Late Baroque, which is a hybrid word combining rocalle and Barocco. It
was also known as the age of artificially as depicted in artworks showing unreal or artificial
subjects.
 Artists in this period emphasized more attention to detail, ornamentation, and use of bright colors.
 Rococo is focused on secular, light-hearted, asymmetrical design while continuing the baroque
taste for decoratively style.
 Canvasses were decorated with cherubs and myths of love while keeping with the playful trend of
the period.

7. NEOCLASSISM
 Neoclassism was a western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature,
theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical
antiquity. Neoclassicism was born in Rome largely thanks to the writing of Johann
Joachim Winckelmann, at the time of the rediscovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum, but
its popularity spread all over Europe as generation of European art students finished their
Grand tour and returned from the Italy to their home countries with newly rediscovered
Greco-Roman ideals. The main neoclassical movement coincided with the 18 th century
 age of enlightenment, and continued into the earl 19th century, laterally competing with
Romanticism. In Architecture, the style continued throughout the 19 th, 20th and up to the
21st century.

8. ROMANTIC AND REALISM

 Few art movements had as much of an impact on the trajectory of art and painting since
the renaissance era as Romanticism and Realism. These two art periods took place in the
19th century and were heavily influenced by the new and fast-evolving world that had
been transformed by the industrial revolution. Romanticism embraced the idea that man
at his best when he was closer to nature. The farther humans got from nature and the
closer they drew towards their man-made industrial centers, the more depressed and
melancholier they would become. Artists from the romanticism era used nature as a
symbol of good while the industrialized world was representative of man’s fewer
desirable characteristics.
 Realism emerged from the romanticism movement as a means for artists to embrace the
truth about the world around them instead of pushing a belief system that would become
more fantastical as the movement went on. Realism offered the opportunity for artists to
paint their subjects and scenery without the pressure of embellishing it with their own
emotional connection or lack thereof. Instead, artists were encouraged to capture the
world around them just as it looked in order to show others what the world really looked
like.
 According to many art historians and critics, the era of realism was long overdue and was
very much a breath of fresh air for artists who had long studied many different art
movements and styles. These previous art movements always involved placing great
importance on the need to include the artists own emotions into the subject matter.