Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 10:

Interaction and Interdependence

CO_Q2_ELS SHS
Module 10
Earth and Life Science
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 10: Interaction and Interdependence
First Edition, 2021

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Earth and Life Science
Quarter 2 – Module 10:
Interaction and Interdependence
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The module covers:

● Lesson 1 – Interaction and Interdependence

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Categorize the different biotic potential and environmental resistance (e. g.

diseases, availability of food and predators) that affect population explosion
2. Identify biotic factors and abiotic factors; and
3. Categorize biotic potential and environmental resistance that affect population
growth.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What refers to the rate at which life forms reproduce when they have perfect
conditions that would advance fruitful reproduction?
A. limiting factor
B. biotic potential
C. carrying capacity
D. environmental resistance

2. These factors that can restrain the expansion of a population, for example,
predators, competitors, lack of food and water, diseases and reasonable living
space. Which of the following refers to these factors?
A. biotic potential
B. carrying capacity
C. environmental resistance
D. limiting factor

3. What is the maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can support?

A. biotic potential
B. carrying capacity
C. environmental resistance
D. limiting factor

4. Which of the following is an example of environmental resistance?

A. Predators struggle for a similar prey.
B. Adequate food and water supply for the people
C. The health condition of the organisms is stable
D. Suitable habitat increases the growth of producers.

5. Which of the following is NOT an environmental resistance?

A. competitors
B. diseases
C. predators
D. reproduction

6. Which of the following constitute an ecosystem?

A. Living things
B. Non-living things
C. Living things and non-living things
D. Producers, consumers and predators

7. What would happen if a living organism failed to reproduce?

A. The population confines its growth.
B. There will be increase in population.
C. There will be decrease in population growth.
D. It has no effect on the population of living organism.

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8. Which of the following refers to biotic and abiotic factors that prevent the
persistent development of a population like food, water and space?
A. biotic potential
B. carrying capacity
C. environmental resistance
D. limiting factor

9. Living organisms have the ability to reproduce. Which of the following

conditions will NOT lead to reproduction?
A. Disease
B. Adequate food
C. Suitable habitat
D. No competitors
10. Which of the following examples refers to an abiotic factor for environmental
resistance?
A. Fishes eat algae in ponds.
B. A certain prey has various predators
C. Coronavirus disease killed many people around the world
D. Trees are dependent on sunlight and water in an ecosystem
11. What do you call a group of organisms that are of similar species that live in
a similar zone?
A. Community
B. Ecosystem
C. Habitat
D. Population
12. What BEST portrays an ecosystem?
A. It refers to an interacting group of organisms.
B. It is the integration of plants, animals and microorganisms.
C. Different species of living organisms that interact with each other.
D. The area in which living things interact with one another and with
their environment.

13. Which of the following is NOT a biotic factor?

A. goat
B. coconut trees
C. coronavirus
D. temperature
14. Elmo was bitten by a mosquito. Mosquitoes, tapeworms, hookworms and
leeches are examples of what type of organisms?
A. Parasites
B. Predators
C. Prey
D. Producers

15. Which of the following is an essential factor that determine biotic potential?
A. Competition
B. Diseases
C. Number of offspring
D. Predators

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 Lesson
Interaction and
1 Interdependence
Every living thing relies upon one another and their environment. No living creature
could make due all alone without relying upon different living beings and its
environment. Interaction and interdependence are two important relationships in
nature. Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of these
relationships of interaction and interdependence between living things and their
environment. The area wherein living things associate with each other and with their
environment is known as the ecosystem. Association among species help shape
ecosystem.

What’s In

Activity 1
Look around. What do you see in your environment? List 10 living things and 10
non-living things on the table. Answer the questions below.

Living Things Non–living Things

1. What is the interaction between living things and non-living things?

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

2. How dependent are we on other organisms and the environment?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

Activity 2

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Encircle the words in the grid and fill in the blanks with the correct term.
Niche Parasitism
Competition Commensalism
Predation Mutualism
Symbiosis Habitat
Population Community

G L E I P T R K C E S H A D
I F C O M M U N I T Y E S E
V P O P U L A T I O N S Y L
E H M U T U A L I S M D M E
R D P A R A S I T I S M B Y
P R E D A T O R N S R N I S
L D T E C O L O G Y G C O A
A V I H A B I T A T R H S H
N U T C O N S U M E R S I N
T X I A N I M A L S E T S N
S C O M M E N S A L I S M O
A L N I C H E F R O G A L R
D E C O M P P O S E R D Y M

1. Different types of organisms that interact with one another in a given area form
a _____________________.
2. A group of organisms of similar species that live in a characterized territory area
form a _____________________.
3. The place or type of environment in which an organism or population lives is
called _____________________.
4. The capacity of a life form or the role it plays in the habitat is known as ecological
_____________________.
5. Interaction between two organisms of various species in which at any rate benefits
is called _____________________.
6. _____________________ is a harmonious relationship wherein two life forms benefit.
7. The symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is
unaffected is called _____________________.
8. _____________________ is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits,
while the other is harmed.
9. The feeding of one organism on another is called _____________________. Life forms
that feed on the other living creature are called predators, while prey refers to life
forms eaten by a predator.
10. An environment can't fulfill all the requirements of its individuals so creatures
must battle with each other to survive. This sort of interaction when two species
utilize a similar limited resource is called _____________________.

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 What’s New

The ecosystem comprises of all living and non-living things that interact with each
other in a given territory. Every living piece of an ecosystem, for example, animals,
plants, and other living being are called biotic factors. Living organisms interact in
the ecosystem to obtain food in order to survive. Their interactions can be used to
classify them as to producers, consumers and decomposers. The non-living parts of
an ecosystem are called abiotic factors. Living creatures in a biological system can't
be separated independently from the abiotic or non-living components in their
natural surroundings.

Activity 3
Read the words in the word box. Classify the following component of ecosystem as to
biotic or abiotic factors.

tree cow farmer

dog wind oxygen
temperature grass fish
water CO2 sunlight
bacteria salinity of water chicken
pH of soil flower

Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors

____________________________________ ___________________________________
____________________________________ ___________________________________
____________________________________ ___________________________________
____________________________________ ___________________________________
____________________________________ ___________________________________
____________________________________ ___________________________________
____________________________________ ___________________________________

Refer to the column of biotic factors and classify each as to:

Producers Consumers Decomposers

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 What is It

Biotic Potential and Environmental Resistance

Biotic potential and environmental resistance are the factors that influence the
population growth. Biotic potential is the rate at which life forms reproduce when
they have perfect conditions that would advance effective generation. It is likewise
characterized as capacity of a populace of a species to propagate under perfect
conditions, for example, adequate food and water supply, no diseases, suitable
habitat and no predators. The biotic potential among creatures’ changes from species
to species. The following factors determine biotic potential:
1. numbers of offspring per reproduction
2. chances of survival age of reproduction
3. age at which propagation starts
4. how frequently every individual replicate

Activity 4
Look at the pictures. Tell something about each picture.

A. _____________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

B. _____________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

C. _____________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

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Activity 5
Refer to pictures shown in Activity 4. Answer the following questions.

1. How many offspring does each organism have?

A. _____________________________________
B. _____________________________________
C. _____________________________________

2. At what age does the organism start to have the capacity to reproduce?
A. _____________________________________
B. _____________________________________
C. _____________________________________

3. What will happen if living organisms fail to reproduce?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. How can a population grow?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. How can predators affect the population’s growth?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

6. How does disease affect population growth?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

7. What factors control the increase of population?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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 What’s More

Environmental resistance refers to the factors that can limit the growth of a populace.
It includes predators, competitors, disease, lack of food and water and unsuitable
habitat.
The biotic potential and environmental resistance influence the carrying capacity
which is defined as the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can
support.
Biotic and abiotic factors that prevent the persistent development of a population
like food, water and space are called limiting factors.

Activity 6
Analyze each picture. Categorize as either biotic potential or environmental
resistance. Explain your answer.

1. ___________________________________
Explanation:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

2. ___________________________________
Explanation:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

3. ___________________________________
Explanation:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

4. ___________________________________
Explanation:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

5. ___________________________________
Explanation:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 7
Refer to this illustration in answering questions A, B and C.

A. What are the abiotic factors in the illustration?

1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________
4. _________________________________________

B. What are the biotic factors in the illustration?

1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________
4. _________________________________________
5. _________________________________________
6. _________________________________________

C. Identify the environmental resistance that may affect the population in the
ecosystem.
1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________
4. _________________________________________
5. _________________________________________

D. What is the effect environmental resistance on a population?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

10 CO_Q2_ELS SHS
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 What I Can Do

Activity 8
The year 2020 had been a tough and difficult time for many countries around the
world. What environmental resistance affects the Philippines? What measures will
you do to protect the community?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What biotic relationship occurs in organism where one species is benefited

while the other is harmed?
A. commensalism
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. predation

2. Which of the following is an example of environmental resistance?

A. various predators may compete for a similar prey
B. suitable habitat restrains the growth of producers
C. change in seasons can influence conduct of living beings
D. desert biological systems have restricted life forms because of
outrageous parched conditions

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3. What are the two important relationships in an ecosystem?
A. symbiosis and predation
B. mutualism and parasitism
C. interaction and interdependence
D. biotic potential and environmental resistance

4. Which of the following condition does NOT show abiotic factors in an

ecosystem?
A. cactus growing in hot, dry regions
B. earthworm burrowing for habitation
C. polar bears living in a very cold environment
D. A young woman gave birth to a healthy baby boy

5. The carrying capacity is the maximum number of organisms that an

ecosystem can support. What factors influence the carrying capacity?
I. competition
II. limiting factor
III. biotic potential
IV. environmental resistance
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. III and IV
D. I, II, and IV

6. What factors control the increase in population growth?

I. water
II. disease
III. sunlight
IV. predation
V. competitors
VI. temperature
VII. adequate food
VIII. unsuitable habitat
A. II, IV, V, VII
B. I, III, V, VIII
C. I, III, IV, V
D. II, IV, V, VIII

7. The biotic and abiotic factors that prevent the growth of a population like
food, water and space is called?
A. limiting factor
B. biotic potential
C. carrying capacity
D. environmental resistance

8. Which refers to the symbiotic relationship in which both organisms are

benefited?
A. commensalism
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. predation

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 9. Which of the following essential factors determines biotic potential?
A. diseases
B. lack of food
C. number of offspring
D. lack of suitable habitat

10. What do you call the area in which living things interact with one another
and with their environment?
A. community
B. ecosystem
C. habitat
D. population

11. What is the connection between biotic potential and environmental

resistance?
A. Biotic potential increases the population whereas environmental
resistance confines its growth.
B. Biotic potential increases the population while environmental
resistance decreases its growth.
C. Biotic potential and environmental resistance are the two factors that
increase the population growth.
D. Biotic potential and environmental resistance are the two factors that
limit the population explosion.

12. Which of the accompanying reasons does explain why various life forms have
diverse biotic potentials?
A. Offspring have distinctive survival rates.
B. Life forms have diverse multiplication rates.
C. Different life forms will have diverse reproductive life expectancies.
D. Organisms that abide in a similar situation will have similar
potentials.

13. What is the symbiotic relationship in an ecosystem when one organism

benefits and the other is unaffected?
A. Commensalism
B. Mutualism
C. Parasitism
D. Predation

14. What is the type of interaction when the two species use the same limited
resources and struggle with one another to survive?
A. Competition
B. Mutualism
C. Predation
D. Symbiosis

15. What is the role of predator in the ecosystem?

A. Remove vulnerable prey
B. Increase the number of prey
C. Have no effect in the ecosystem
D. Decrease the number of predator

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 Additional Activities

Cut and paste/ copy and paste or draw pictures of an ecosystem showing
environmental resistance and biotic potential.

Biotic Potential

Environmental Resistance

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 Module 10
CO_Q2_ELS SHS 15
What I Know What's New What's More
1. B Activity 3 Activity 6
2. D Biotic Abiotic 1. Biotic potential
3. B Factor Factor 2. Environmental resistance
4. A trees temperature 3. Environmental resistance
5. D dogs water 4. Environmental resistance
6. C bacteria light 5. Biotic potential
7. C fish Oxygen
8. D cow CO2
9. A grass pH of soil
10. D farmer salinity of
11. D chicken water
12. D
13. D What I Have Learned
Producers Consumers Decomposers
14. A Activity 7
trees dogs bacteria
15. C A. 1. Air/ atmospheric gas
grass fish
(O2/ CO2)
cow
2. light
farmer
3. soil
What's In chicken
4.temperature
Activity 1 *Answers can be B. 1. snake
Answer may vary among interchanged 2. frog
students’ perceptions. 3. deer
4. tiger
Activity 2 5. tree
What is It
Activity 4 6. grass
Answer may vary among C. 1. predator
students’ perceptions. 2. competitor
3. disease
Activity 5 4. lack of food and water
1. A – 1 5. unsuitable habitat
1. Community
B–8 D. Answer may vary among
2. Population
C–2 student
3. Habitat
1. A – 12 y.o. *Answers can be
4. Niche
B – 5 mos. interchanged
5. Symbiosis
6. Mutualism C – 4 mos.
7. Commensalism Assessment
8. Parasitism 3-7. Answer may vary among 1. C
9. Predation student 2. A
10.Competition 3. C
What I Can Do 4. D
Activity 8 5. C
Answer may vary among 6. D
students’ perceptions. 7. A
8. B
9. C
10. B
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. A
Answer Key
References
Bayo-ang, R.B. et al. 2016. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. Quezon
City: Education Resources Corporation
Ramos, J.D. and Anna Cherylle Morales-Ramos. 2006. Exploring life Through
Science BIOLOGY. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Salandanan, G.G., Faltado, R.E., & Merle B. Lopez. 2016. Earth and Life Sciences
for Senior High School. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

16 CO_Q2_ELS SHS
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