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Land Clearing: Production Estimating Piling

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Land Clearing Production Estimating

● Piling

Dia. Range — M1 represents minutes required to pile Solution:


trees from 31-60 cm (1-2 ft) diameter at ground level. T = B+M1N 1+M2N 2+M3N 3+M4N 4+DF
M2 same for trees 61-90 cm (2-3 ft) diameter. = 125+0.4 (35)+0.6 (6)+2.5 (6)+5.0 (2)+[DF=0]
M3 same for trees 91-120 cm (3-4 ft) diameter. = 42.6
M4 same for trees 121-180 cm (4-6 ft) diameter. = 177.6 minutes/hectare (72 min/acre)
For Dia. above 180 cm (6 ft) — The figures in this
● ● ●
column represent for each tractor size the number of
minutes required per 30 cm (1 ft) of diameter to pile trees To find the number of machines required for each
above 180 cm (6 ft) in diameter. Thus, to pile a 240 cm operation, use the formula:
(8 ft) diameter tree would require 8×0.9 or approxi- Hr/hectare (acre) × number of hectares (acres) = number
mately 7.2 minutes with a D8T tractor. of machines needed*
Where the job requires piling of grubbed trees and
*Average machine production for all operation in hr/hectare (acre).
stumps greater than 30 cm (1 ft) in diameter, use the
same basic procedure defined above and then increase To cost estimate each method or phase of operation,
over-all or total time by 25%. use this calculation:
In dense small diameter brush with few or no large
Owning and Operating cost/hr × hr/hectare (acre) ×
trees, or when cutting is vine entangled, reduce the base
number of hectares (acres) = cost
time by 30%.
Because of the many variables that increase or decrease
Example problem: production, these formulas should be considered only
Calculate the windrow piling production of a D7R as guidelines in arriving at a rough production estimate.
Series 2 with Rake in level terrain, no grubbing, and This estimate should be tempered by personal judg-
average mixture of hardwoods and softwoods where ment based on past experience and personal knowledge
the average tree count per hectare (2.47 acres) is: of the area.
Less Sum Dia’s
than Above
30 cm 31-60 cm 61-90 cm 91-120 cm 121-180 cm 180 cm
Diameter (1 ft) (1-2 ft) (2-3 ft) (3-4 ft) (4-6 ft) (6 ft)
Range “B” “N1” “N2” “N3” “N4” “D”
Number
1100 35 6 6 2 0
of Trees

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Work Tools Land Clearing

BLADE RAKES
Tractor Model D6T D7R Series 2
and Dozer 6A 6S 6S LGP 7A 7S 7S LGP
Raking Width m 3.3 2.62 3.3 3.72 3.18 3.66
ft 10'10" 8'6" 10'10" 12'3" 10'5" 12'
Opening at Tooth Tips mm 356 305 310 381 381 381
in 14" 12" 12.22" 15" 15" 15"
Tooth Penetration mm 432 457 406 559 559 559
ft/in 17" 18" 16" 1'10" 1'10" 1'10"
Total Weight kg 718 675 825 1144 1100 1119
lb 1585 1490 1820 2525 2420 2470

RAKES FOR WHEEL LOADERS


910K/
914K/ 950K/ 966K/
910M/ 950M/ 966M/
914M/ 924K/ 930K/ 938K/ 962K/ 972K/
Wheel 918M 926M 930M 938M 962M 972M
Loader Model Loader Loader Loader Loader Loader Loader
and Rake Type Rake Rake Rake Rake Rake Rake
Raking Width mm 2210 2146 2495 2146 2495 2495 2844 2844 3156 27
ft 7'3" 7'0" 8'2" 7'0" 8'2" 8'2" 9'4" 9'4" 10'4"
Tooth Penetration mm 762 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 559
ft 2'6" 1'8" 1'8" 1'8" 1'8" 1'8" 1'8" 1'8" 1'10"
Opening at Tooth Tips mm 318 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 330
in 12.75" 12" 12" 12" 12" 12" 12" 12" 13"
Rake Weight kg 770 1960 1338 1960 1338 1338 2230 1477 2085
lb 1700 4322 2950 4322 2950 2950 4917 3257 4597

RAKES FOR TRACK LOADERS


Track 953D 963D
Loader Model Loader Loader
and Rake Type Rake Rake
Raking Width mm 2845 2388
ft 9'4" 7'10"
Tooth Penetration mm 635 635
ft 2'1" 2'1"
Opening at Tooth Tips mm 298 330
in 11.75" 13"
Rake Weight kg 1450 1450
lb 3200 3200
This listing is not all-inclusive. Contact your Cat dealer for special attachment needs.

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Notes —

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MINING AND EARTHMOVING

CONTENTS ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTION


Elements of Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-1 Production is the hourly rate at which material is
Volume Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-2 moved. Production can be expressed in various units:
Swell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-2
Load Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-2 Metric
Material Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-2 Bank Cubic Meters — BCM — bank m3
Fill Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-3 Loose Cubic Meters — LCM — loose m3
Soil Density Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-3 Compacted Cubic Meters — CCM — compacted m3
Figuring Production On-the-Job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-4 Tonnes
Load Weighing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-4
Time Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-4 English
English Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-4 Bank Cubic Yards — BCY — bank yd3
Metric Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-5 Loose Cubic Yards — LCY — loose yd3
Estimating Production Off-the-Job. . . . . . . . . . . . 28-5 Compacted Cubic Yards — CCY — compacted yd3
Rolling Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-5 Tons
Grade Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-6
For most earthmoving and material handling appli-
Total Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-6
cations, production is calculated by multiplying the quan-
Traction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-6
tity of material (load) moved per cycle by the number
Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-7
of cycles per hour. 28
Job Efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-8
English Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-8 Production = Load/cycle × cycles/hour
Metric Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28-10 The load can be determined by
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-13 1) load weighing with scales
Economic Haul Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-13 2) load estimating based on machine rating
Production Estimating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-14 3) surveyed volume divided by load count
Loading Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-14 4) machine payload measurement system
Fuel Consumption and Productivity. . . . . . . . . . 28-14 Generally, earthmoving and overburden removal for
Formulas and Rules of Thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-15 coal mines are calculated by volume (bank cubic meters
or bank cubic yards). Metal mines and aggregate pro-
INTRODUCTION ducers usually work in weight (tons or tonnes).
This section explains the earthmoving principles used
to determine machine productivity. It shows how to
calculate production on-the-job or estimate production
off-the-job.

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