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    Properties of Metalloid

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    A metalloid is an element that has properties between metals and nonmetals. Metalloids can be solid, have a metallic luster, be brittle, and be semi-conductive. They can readily form glasses and alloys with metals. Common metalloids include silicon, boron, arsenic, antimony, and their properties are discussed individually. Properties include tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, microstructure, hardness, and toughness. Glass is also considered a metalloid due to its composition of silica, and its properties are similar to other metalloids.

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    Properties of Metalloid

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    A metalloid is an element that has properties between metals and nonmetals. Metalloids can be solid, have a metallic luster, be brittle, and be semi-conductive. They can readily form glasses and alloys with metals. Common metalloids include silicon, boron, arsenic, antimony, and their properties are discussed individually. Properties include tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, microstructure, hardness, and toughness. Glass is also considered a metalloid due to its composition of silica, and its properties are similar to other metalloids.

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    Metalloid

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    A metalloid is an element that has properties between metals and nonmetals. Metalloids can be solid, have a metallic luster, be brittle, and be semi-conductive. They can readily form glasses and alloys with metals. Common metalloids include silicon, boron, arsenic, antimony, and their properties are discussed individually. Properties include tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, microstructure, hardness, and toughness. Glass is also considered a metalloid due to its composition of silica, and its properties are similar to other metalloids.

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    99 views7 pages

    Properties of Metalloid

    Uploaded by

    Pow dowtow
    A metalloid is an element that has properties between metals and nonmetals. Metalloids can be solid, have a metallic luster, be brittle, and be semi-conductive. They can readily form glasses and alloys with metals. Common metalloids include silicon, boron, arsenic, antimony, and their properties are discussed individually. Properties include tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, microstructure, hardness, and toughness. Glass is also considered a metalloid due to its composition of silica, and its properties are similar to other metalloids.

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    of 7

    Metalloid

    A metalloid is an element that has properties that are intermediate between


    those of metals and nonmetals. Metalloids can also be called semimetals. On the
    periodic table, the elements colored yellow, which generally border the stair-step
    line, are considered to be metalloids.
    Examples:
    Silicon; Boron, Arsenic; Antimony

    Properties of metalloid
     Physical Properties of Metalloids

    State of matter solid


    Luster Metallic luster
    Elasticity Brittle
    Conductivity Semi-conductive. Average
    transmission of heat.

     Chemical properties of metalloids


    Oxidation Readily form glasses
    Alloys Form alloys with metals
    Allotropic Several metallic and non-metallic
    allotropic forms
    Melting Some metalloids contract on
    melting

     Further discuss the properties of metalloid separately.

    SILICON (Si)
    Tensile strength:
    Property Minimum Value (S.I.) Units (Imp.)
    Tensile strength 165 ksi

    Compressive strength:
    property Minimum value (S.I) Maximum value (S.I)
    Compressive strength 3200 3460

    Modulus of elasticity:
    The possible values for Young's modulus range from 130 to 188 GPa, and those
    for Poisson's ratio range from 0.048 to 0.40
    Modulus of Rigidity:
    Modulus of Rigidity - G - (Shear Modulus) is the coefficient of elasticity for a
    shearing force. It is defined as

    the ratio of shear stress to the displacement per unit sample length (shear strain)"
    Modulus of Rigidity can be experimentally determined from the slope of a stress-
    strain curve created during tensile tests conducted on a sample of the material.
    Material Modulus of rigidity G Modulus of rigidity G
    10^6 GPa
    Glass, 96% silicon 2.8 19

    Micro structure of silicon:


    Mechanical properties of silicon microstructures and basic structural properties of
    crystalline silicon are discussed here. At ordinary pressure silicon crystallizes in a
    diamond structure with a basis of two atoms. All the theoretical calculations using
    force-field methods correctly describe bulk silicon in its diamond structure ground
    state, giving a value for the lattice parameter that is close to the value that is
    experimentally observed. Effects of pressure are explained here in detail. At high-
    elastic strains the harmonic approximation becomes insufficient to correctly
    describe the elastic energy.
    Hardness
    Material hardness is the property of the material which enables it to resist plastic
    deformation, usually by penetration or by indentation. The term of hardness is
    also referred to stiffness or temper, or to resistance to bending, scratching,
    abrasion, or cutting etc.
    substance Hardness number
    Silicon (si) 7.0

    Toughness
    toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform
    without fracturing.
    It is found that the lowest fracture toughness value of single crystal silicon was
    0.82 MN/m to the 3/2 in the 111 plane type orientation, although the difference
    in values in the 111, 110, and 100 planes was small.
    Boron:

    PROPERTIES OF BORON:
    Tensile strength:
    Property Minimum Value (S.I.) Units (S.I.)
    Tensile strength 26 MPa

    Compressive strength
    Property Minimum value (S.I) Unit
    (S.I)
    Compressive strength 2583 MPa

    Modulus of elasticity
    Boron fiber manifests a combination of high strength and high elastic
    modulus.Such structures show good mechanical properties (elastic modulus 450
    GPa, fracture strain 3.7%, fracture stress 17 GPa) and can be applied as
    reinforcement of ceramics or in micromechanical systems.
    Modulus of rigidity:
    Property Minimum value (S.I) Unit (S.I)
    Modulus of rigidity 7.8 Gpa

    Micro structure:
    Boron has been added to steels to improve the hardenability1 4,6,9-12) and to
    strengthen grain boundaries. This is because the solute boron concentration in
    the steel is very low,5) and the most of boron segregates on prior austenite grain
    boundaries during cooling6-8~ and lowers the energy of the grain boundaries.
    Hardness:
    Boron Carbide (B4C) is one of the hardest materials known, ranking third behind
    diamond and cubic boron nitride. It is the hardest material produced in tonnage
    quantities.
    Property:
     Hardest
    Toughness
    Boron-treated medium carbon steels are low priced and have a good
    hardenability, sufficient impact absorbed energy"2) and low impact-transition
    temperature 1 after low-temperature tempering.

    Glass
    Glass is made of silica (silicon dioxide or quartz). It is definitely not metal, it's an
    amorphous non metal. So glass is metalloid.
    Properties:
    Tensile strength:
    Glass typically has a tensile strength of 7 mega-pascals (1,000 psi), however
    theoretically it can have a strength of 17 giga-pascals (2,500,000 psi) which is due
    to glass's strong chemical bonds.
    Compressive strength:
    The compressive strength of glass is extremely high: 1000 N/mm2 = 1000 MPa.
    Modulus of elasticity
    Material Tensile Modulus Ultimate Tensile
    (Young's Modulus, Strength - σu - (MPa)
    Modulus of Elasticity) - E
    - (GPa
    Glass 50-90 50 (compression)
    Glass reinforced 17 -
    polyester matrix

    Modulus of rigidity:
    The definition of Modulus of Rigidity: the ratio of shear stress to the displacement
    per unit sample length (shear strain).
    Material Modulus of rigidity Gpa
    Glass 26.2
    Microstructure
    Microstructure, which is too small to be seen with the naked eye, plays an
    important factor in the final property of a material. For ceramics, the
    microstructure is made up of small crystals called grains. In general, the smaller
    the grain size, the stronger and denser is the ceramic material. In the case of a
    glass material, the microstructure is non-crystalline. When these two materials
    are combined (glass-ceramics), the glassy phase usually surrounds small crystals,
    bonding them together.
    Hardness:
    The hardness of a material is rated in Mohs, where talc is rated as 1 Mohs and
    diamond 10 Mohs. Glass ranks around 5.5 to 7 Mohs, but sapphire crystal has a
    hardness of 9 Mohs, making it only slightly less hard than diamond.
    Toughness:
    Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform
    without fracturing. The fracture toughness of the glass is 0.75 MPa m1/2.

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