User Manual
User Manual
User Manual
RO-MIR-PR-0030
Issue 7.0
31 August 2018
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
MIRO
Experiment User Manual
Prepared by:
Margaret Frerking
Samuel Gulkis
Mark Hofstadter
Lucas Kamp
Timothy Koch
Robert Nowicki
F. Peter Schloerb
Approved by
______________________________________ _______________________
Mark Hofstadter Date
MIRO Principal Investigator
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
ii
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Table of Contents
iii
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
iv
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
v
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
vi
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
vii
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
viii
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
ix
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
List of Tables
Table 1.1-1: The MIRO submillimeter receiver is fixed tuned to observe simultaneously the eight
molecular transitions shown in this table. ............................................................................. 1-2
Table 1.1-2: Relationship to Stated Goals of Rosetta Mission .................................................................. 1-4
Table 1.2-1: MIRO Instrument Performance Characteristics .................................................................... 1-7
Table 1.2-2: IF Frequencies for the Submillimeter-wave Receiver. Mixer numbers refer to numbers
given in Figure 1.2-5 ........................................................................................................... 1-13
Table 2.3-1: Power Supply Interface ......................................................................................................... 2-5
Table 2.5-1: Measured Mass of the MIRO Instrument in Kilograms ...................................................... 2-17
Table 2.5-2: MIRO Power Consumption by Mode.................................................................................. 2-18
Table 2.5-3: Comments on the Power Options Shown in Table 2.5-2 .................................................... 2-19
Table 2.5-4: Default Data Rates Including Overhead .............................................................................. 2-20
Table 2.5-5: Engineering Mode ............................................................................................................... 2-21
Table 2.5-6: MM Continuum Mode......................................................................................................... 2-21
Table 2.5-7: SMM Continuum Mode ...................................................................................................... 2-21
Table 2.5-8: Dual Continuum Mode ........................................................................................................ 2-22
Table 2.5-9: CTS/ SMM Continuum Mode ............................................................................................. 2-23
Table 2.5-9: CTS/ SMM Continuum Mode (continued).......................................................................... 2-24
Table 2.5-9: CTS/ SMM Continuum Mode (continued).......................................................................... 2-25
Table 2.5-10: CTS Dual Continuum Mode .............................................................................................. 2-26
Table 2.5-10: CTS Dual Continuum Mode (continued) .......................................................................... 2-27
Table 2.5-10: CTS Dual Continuum Mode (continued) .......................................................................... 2-28
Table 2.5-11: Asteroid Mode ................................................................................................................... 2-29
Table 2.9-1: Experiment OBDH Interface Channels/Functions .............................................................. 2-30
Table 3.1-1: MIRO Calibration/Observing Needs ..................................................................................... 3-2
Table 3.1-2: Calibration Priorities (1 = highest) ........................................................................................ 3-3
Table 3.3-1: MIRO Failure Modes and Possible Recovery Operations................................................... 3-10
Table 4.1-1: Mode Transition Table .......................................................................................................... 4-2
Table 4.2-1: Initial LO Setting for Specific Molecules.............................................................................. 4-5
Table 9.2-1: Representative Differences between Physical and Antenna Temperatures .......................... 9-6
Table 9.3-1: Band Boundaries Defined by the IFP Narrow-Band Filters. ................................................. 9-8
Table 9.3-2: Performance Monitoring Bands .......................................................................................... 9-10
Table 9.3-3: On-Board Data Compression Bands.................................................................................... 9-10
Table 9.3-4: Bands Used for Spectral Baseline Subtraction in Level 3 Version 3 Products. .................. 9-11
Table 9.4-1: The Eight Molecular Transitions Observed by MIRO ........................................................ 9-13
Table 9.4-2: Frequency Oscillators Internal to MIRO ............................................................................. 9-13
Table 9.4-3: RF (Sky Frequencies) Targeted by MIRO .......................................................................... 9-14
Table 9.4-4: RF (Sky Frequencies) to IF Frequency................................................................................ 9-15
Table 9.4-5: Parameters Relating CTS Channel to Frequency ................................................................ 9-16
Table 9.4-6: Band boundaries, RF and IF Center Frequencies, and Direction Factor for Conversion
Between the IF and RF Frequency ...................................................................................... 9-16
Table 9.5-1: Allocation of Time in a Calibration Sequence. ................................................................... 9-17
x
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Table 9.5-2: Bands Used for Spectral Baseline Subtraction in Level 3 Version 3 Products. .................. 9-22
Table 9.7-1: One-sigma RMS Uncertainty of MIRO Calibrated Continuum Data ................................. 9-29
List of Figures
Figure 1.2-1: MIRO Instrument Block Diagram........................................................................................ 1-8
Figure 1.2-2: Isometric Drawing of the MIRO optical bench. ................................................................... 1-9
Figure 1.2-3: Schematic Diagram of the Millimeter-wave Receiver Front End ...................................... 1-11
Figure 1.2-4: Schematic Diagram of the Submillimeter-wave Receiver Front End. The sub-harmonic
mixer doubles the input LO frequency (shown as 282 GHz) so sky frequencies are
effectively mixed with an LO at 562.813 GHz (see Table 9.4-2 and
Section 6.11.5.2.4.2). ......................................................................................................... 1-12
Figure 1.2-5: Schematic Diagram of the Submillimeter-wave Receiver Intermediate Frequency
Processor ............................................................................................................................ 1-13
Figure 1.2-6: Chirp Transform Spectrometer Configuration ................................................................... 1-15
Figure 2.1-1: Electronics Unit.................................................................................................................... 2-1
Figure 2.1-2: Sensor Unit ........................................................................................................................... 2-2
Figure 2.1-3: Sensor Backend Electronics Unit ......................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2.1-4: Ultra Stable Oscillator .......................................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2.2-1: Calibration Switch Mechanism ............................................................................................ 2-5
Figure 2.3-1: Power Distribution Block Diagram (Electronics Unit) ........................................................ 2-6
Figure 2.3-2: Power Distribution Block Diagram (Sensor Backend Electronics Unit) ............................ 2-7
Figure 2.4-1: MIRO Software Data Flow and Control Diagram ............................................................... 2-9
Figure 2.4-2: MIRO Hardware Data and Control Flow ........................................................................... 2-11
Figure 2.9-1: Telemetry Interface Circuit—Data Output and Sample Input ........................................... 2-32
Figure 2.9-2: Telecommand Interface Circuit—Data Input, Clock Input (combined with TM) and
Sample Input ...................................................................................................................... 2-33
Figure 2.9-3: Broadcast Pulse (TSY) Circuit Interface ............................................................................ 2-34
Figure 6.1-1: Angles associated with Calibration mirror positions ......................................................... 6-67
Figure 7.1-1: T1 Spectrometer (one of four thermistors—T1, T2, T3, T4—on the CTS acoustic
delay line section). ............................................................................................................. 7-10
Figure 7.1-2: T6 Spectrometer (one of two thermistors—T5, T6—on the CTS electronics section).
The temperature in this section of the CTS follows the EU temperature. .......................... 7-10
Figure 9.3-1: IFP narrow-band filter transmission functions and representative spectral lines. ................ 9-8
Figure 9.4-1: The basic elements of the smm heterodyne receiver system.............................................. 9-12
Figure 9.6-1: Apparent offset of the comet nucleus from its expected location in 91 raster maps
made by MIRO during 2015. ............................................................................................. 9-24
Figure 9.9-1: Millimeter (left) and submillimeter (right) beam patterns measured in the lab prior to
launch. Beam patterns are normalized to have a peak value of 1. Note that the beams,
particularly the submm, are not symmetric. This may be due to a small misalignment
of the secondary mirror. ..................................................................................................... 9-33
xi
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Figure 9.9-2: Azimuthally averaged millimeter (top) and submillimeter (bottom) beam patterns. The
green curves labeled “lab” are for the laboratory measurements shown in Fig. 9.9-1. The
black curves labeled “co-pol” are from our Physics-Optics model, and the dashed lines are
empirical fits to different regions of the curves. Details of the empirical fits are given in
the text. Note that the empirical fits do not attempt to match the side-lobes, but only
follow the general trend of the model response. ................................................................ 9-35
xii
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Change Log
xiii
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1 OVERVIEW
1.1 SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES
1.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The investigation, Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO),
addresses the nature of the cometary nucleus, outgassing from the nucleus and
development of the coma as strongly interrelated aspects of cometary physics,
and searches for outgassing activity on asteroids. MIRO is configured both as
a continuum and a very high spectral resolution line receiver. Center-band
operating frequencies are near 188 GHz (1.6 mm) and 562 GHz (0.5 mm).
Spatial resolution of the instrument at 562 GHz is approximately 5 m at a distance
of 2 km from the nucleus; spectral resolution is sufficient to observe individual,
thermally broadened, line shapes at all temperatures down to 10 K or less. Four
key volatile species—H2O, CO, CH3OH, and NH3—and the isotopes—H217O
and H218O—are pre-programmed for observation. These lines are listed in
Table 1.1-1. The primary retrieved products are abundance, velocity, and
temperature of each species, along with their spatial and temporal variability.
This information will be used to infer coma structure and processes, including the
nature of the nucleus/coma interface.
MIRO will sense the subsurface temperature of the nucleus to depths of
several centimeters or more using the continuum channels at millimeter and
submillimeter wavelengths. Model studies will relate these measurements to
electrical and thermal properties of the nucleus and address issues connected to
the sublimation of ices, ice and dust mantle thickness, and the formation of gas
and dust jets. The global nature of these measurements will allow in situ lander
data to be extrapolated globally, while the long duration of the mission will allow
us to follow the time variability of surface temperatures and gas production.
Models of the thermal emission from comets are very crude at this time since they
are only loosely constrained by data. MIRO will offer the first opportunity to
gather subsurface temperature data that can be used to test thermal models.
MIRO is highly complementary to the IR mapping instrument on the orbiter,
having similar spatial resolution but greater depth penetration.
1-1
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-2
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-3
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-4
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-5
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-6
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-7
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-8
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1.2.2.1 Telescope
The parabolic primary mirror has a diameter of 30 cm, providing a diffraction-
limited half-power main beamwidth of about 7.5 arc min at 560 GHz frequency
(0.535 mm wavelength) and about 23.8 arc min at 188 GHz (1.6 mm wavelength).
An offset Cassegrain design is used to minimize volume and provide very low-
level sidelobes. The end-to-end optical system is designed to minimize alignment
sensitivity to the large temperature range the telescope will experience during the
course of the mission. The Cassegrain design also reduces or eliminates multiple
reflections between the receiver input and the secondary mirror, which is a major
problem with on-axis systems.
Sets of beam wave-guiding mirrors bring the signals to the feed horns at the
receiver front ends (RFEs) on the optical bench, with a minimum amount of loss.
The illumination of the primary mirror by millimeter and submillimeter receivers
is a Gaussian pattern with >20 dB edge taper resulting in <30 dB sidelobe levels
for the primary beam patterns.
A significant advantage of the offset Cassegrain design is the absence of aperture
blockage and the resulting improvement in both aperture and beam efficiency.
The efficiency of the telescope is also a function of the mirror surface accuracy.
The surface RMS is 11 m corresponding to less than /48 at 0.535 mm.
Combining the effects of the illumination, surface error, and reflectivity losses,
the telescope has an aperture efficiency of greater than 0.7 and a main beam
efficiency of greater than 0.93 at both frequencies.
The telescope is designed to operate at temperatures between ~100 K at comet
rendezvous to temperatures near ~300 K at perihelion. To maximize performance
1-9
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-10
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
for total integrations longer than 10 seconds helps compensate for systematic
drifts during the integration period.)
1-11
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-12
OVERVIEW
1-13
OVERVIEW
ROSETTAIssue: 7
1-14
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-15
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-16
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
In the comet rendezvous stage of the mission, it is envisaged that MIRO will
initially be turned on in a continuum mode to detect and measure the continuum
emission from the nucleus. During the cometary and targeted mapping phases, a
majority of the viewing will be in the one or two receiver/spectrometer modes to
study outgassing processes, bulk composition, and coma formation. These phases
will provide the highest spatial resolution for studying the nucleus. If limb
sounding is feasible, it would enhance the minimum detectability of species, and
allow greater resolution of the coma.
Following the mapping phase, MIRO plans to operate in the CTS/Dual
Continuum mode. During this phase, both nucleus and coma studies will be
performed.
1-17
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1-18
OVERVIEW
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2 EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
2.1 PHYSICAL UNITS
MIRO consists of four distinct physical units and an interconnecting harness. The
electronics unit configuration is shown in Figure 2.1-1, the sensor unit
configuration is shown in Figure 2.1-2, the sensor backend electronics unit is
shown in Figure 2.1-3, and the ultra stable oscillator is shown in Figure 2.1-4.
The electronics unit consists of four assemblies bolted together into a single unit.
The four assemblies include the spectrometer analog assembly, the spectrometer
digital assembly, the data handling assembly and the command and power
assembly. The electronics unit attaches to the spacecraft payload panel by eight
M5 screws. It is mechanically separated from the sensor backend electronics unit
and can be up to two meters in distance away from it.
The sensor unit includes the following three major assemblies: telescope,
baseplate, and the optical bench. It is mounted on the Rosetta payload (+Z) panel
using the baseplate. The baseplate is a 40525025 mm machined aluminium
panel with structural ribs with a total thickness of 25 mm. It is accommodated by
top-mounting over a slighter smaller cut-out in the spacecraft payload panel. It is
attached to the spacecraft payload panel by 10 M5 screws, making it thermally
coupled to the payload panel, and hence collectively controlled. A 50 mm hole
through the baseplate allows the RF signal from the telescope to pass through the
baseplate to the optical bench.
2-1
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-2
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The ultra-stable oscillator unit is attached to the spacecraft payload panel by four
M4 screws. It is mechanically separate from but connected by harness to the
sensor unit and the electronics unit. The ultra-stable oscillator can be up to two
meters away from the sensor unit and up to two meters away from the electronics
unit.
2-3
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-4
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2.3 ELECTRICAL
2.3.1 POWER INTERFACE
2-5
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-6
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2.4 SOFTWARE
2.4.1 OVERVIEW
The MIRO software architecture is designed to be compliant with the ESA EID-A
while at the same time also fulfilling the science functional requirements. The
EID-A primarily defines the MIRO software interface to the spacecraft. The
Flight Software Requirement Document, RO-MIR-RS-0005 provides a complete
description of the MIRO flight software originally delivered to ESA and executed
in the FM. Subsequent patches to the software are not contained in this document.
The primary data and control flows are shown in Figure 2.4-1. A collection of
chirp transform spectrometer (CTS) data, millimeter continuum data, and
submillimeter continuum data constitute the primary task of the MIRO software.
The MIRO software architecture has been designed to maximize the collected
amount of science data over time. Many different operating submodes have been
defined to reduce the amount of data returned, to allow for operation during
mission phases when other Rosetta instruments are competing for downlink
bandwidth. The collected science data is then packetized as per the EID-A TM
definition and transferred to the Rosetta spacecraft.
2.4.2 COMMANDING
There is no internal sequence machine resident within the MIRO flight software.
It is simply command driven, and takes limited action on its own. All commands
will be issued to the MIRO software via either on-board control procedures
2-7
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-8
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-9
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-10
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-11
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-12
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
There are three sets of 4 bits used to control voltage or bias settings for the mm
and smm receivers. These will be set to an optimum value prior to launch and the
S/W will have the capability to change them in flight. This will be via ground TC.
2-13
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The first eight of these are via bits in the SUCR. The other six are via bits in the
electronics mux register (EMUX).
1. Millimeter continuum (multiple components), two switches
2. Submillimeter continuum (multiple components), two switches
3. Spectral data (multiple components), two switches
4. Pin-Puller power
5. Mirror motor power
6. Ultra Stable Oscillator power
7. CTS
a. +5 Volts
b. +3.3 Volts
c. +5 Volts analog
d. ±12 Volts
8. Hot target power
The spectral data power is needed along with all the CTS power for any CTS
operation. The spectral data power should be powered on after the CTS power.
The USO is only needed for CTS operation, and it is automatically turned on
every time the CTS is powered on. There is also a ground-command to separately
turn the USO on and off. The USO may be turned on well in advance of the CTS
to allow for additional warm-up beyond what is required for just the CTS. HK
telemetry packets will be generated during the warming up process so the warm-
up process can be monitored. The intent is to keep MIRO in the engineering mode
until all the desired warm-up temperatures have been reached. The three sets of
4 voltage bias bits in the SUCR should be set prior to powering the associated
(mm or smm) electronics on. The multiplier power is on all the time so that is not
applicable to the setting of its 4 bits. A very short warm-up time is required for
the mm and smm electronics. Data will be taken from these immediately after
powering on.
Overall power control is via a combination of ground-command and internal
control. Mode switching will cause a pre-defined set of power control actions to
occur prior to entering the new mode. Ground-commands are used primarily to
fine tune such things as IFP power control and SMM multiplier bias. No “sanity
checking” will be performed by the onboard software with respect to processing
the ground TCs. The ground-operations personnel will be responsible for
verifying that the commands sent to the instrument are correct and coherent.
There are eight temperature-set points and three power-level settings within the
CTS. One of the three power settings is an off setting. There will be a new control
for “Pulse Position”. This may need to vary based on the temperature level. The
FM software will process the ground-command for the pulse position to change
the pulse position.
2-14
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-15
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
the read pointer. The software only needs to read from the required memory
location to transfer data out of the FIFO. Polling of the status flags are required as
the FIFO generates no interrupts to the software.
2-16
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-17
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9 and 10, respectively. The negative powers shown in Columns 6 and 7 reflect the
fact that the low noise amplifiers are normally turned on when the smm and mm
receivers are turned on, however they can be powered off thereby reducing the
power. Table 2.5-3 provides additional information about each option.
2-18
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-19
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-20
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-21
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-22
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-23
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-24
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-25
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-26
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-27
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-28
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Data rates do not exceed the rate of output as when the instrument is in CTS/Dual Continuum. See 6.1.2.2.4.3
2-29
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2.9.2 TELEMETRY
MIRO will send telemetry source packets which consist of both Science Packets
and Science Housekeeping Packets. MIRO source packets will conform to the
ESA Packet Telemetry Standard, ref. PSS-04-106, Iss. 1.
2.9.3 TELECOMMAND
MIRO telecommand packet will be consistent with the format as defined in the
ESA Telecommand Standard, ref. PSS-04-107, Iss. 2. Telecommand will provide
the following at a minimum: Instrument commands, memory loads and broadcast
time.
MIRO has no requirement for discrete commands through the RTU.
2-30
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2.9.5 TIMING
S/C time updates will be sent to MIRO along with the TSY pulse for
synchronizing. MIRO will use its internal clock and counters to add to the S/C
time updates. No S/C High Speed Clock is required as long as the period between
S/C updates is less than 1 hour.
2.9.6 MONITORING
The DMS is expected to monitor parameters from the housekeeping packets and
compare values to a stored table to determine anomalies. Results are stored to be
downloaded for further investigation.
2.9.7.1 General
MIRO’s electrical interface will be compatible with the RTI interface specified in
the Spacecraft Data Handling Interface Standard, ref. ES-PSS-47/TTC-B-01,
Iss. 1.
A Standardized Balanced Digital Link (SDBL) will be used to perform the serial
data transmission.
2-31
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2.9.7.2 Telemetry
Refer to Figure 2.9-1 the implementation of Telemetry interface circuits.
2-32
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2.9.7.3 Telecommand
Refer to Figure 2.9-2 for the implementation of the Telecommand interface
circuits. MIRO does not require switch closure or high power on/off commanding.
2-33
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-34
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2.9.7.6 Redundancy
MIRO will provide for redundancy on all signal lines to/from the OBDH. MIRO
will design its interface circuits to prevent a single failure from propagating to its
redundant interface.
MIRO is configured as non-redundant and will OR the main and redundant signal
in such a way as to enable proper operation if either signal is stuck in its high or
low state.
MIRO will provide both a main and redundant signal to the OBDH.
2.9.8.1 Telecommand
MIRO will receive commands sent from the ground or generated within the DMS.
MIRO will be capable of receiving the commands at 131K bits per second MIRO
will support a maximum data volume of 1024 bytes within a 0.2-second period.
2.9.8.2 Telemetry
Data of different types will be collected and are as follows:
1. Housekeeping Data
MIRO science housekeeping packet will contain those channels that will indicate
the instrument’s health, provide data to determine instrument’s operating
temperatures and its operation modes. The MIRO science housekeeping packets
will contain verification of commands received.
2. Science Data
MIRO will provide both the science and science housekeeping to the S/C over a
common interface. The MIRO analogue channels will be converted to
housekeeping channel.
3. Large Data File Transfer
The DMS shall provide storage for data file to be used for MIRO program
changes. Data rate and storage required are defined in EIDB Volume 6. This is
based on MIRO operating out of RAM where initially program would be moved
from EEPROM to RAM but if program is to be changed after launch, the new
program would be uploaded to the DMS and then from the DMS to MIRO.
2-35
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
2-36
EXPERIMENT CONFIGURATION
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
3 EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
3.1 OPERATING PRINCIPLES
MIRO has four (4) major types of operations during the Rosetta Mission:
1. Warm-up of CTS and USO
2. Functional Tests
3. In-Flight Calibration Observations
4. Primary Scientific Observations
3.1.1 INSTRUMENT POWER ON, WARM-UP, AND STABILIZATION
Two parts of the MIRO instrument require a warm-up period to stabilize their
electronics for in spec performance. These are the Chirp Transform Spectrometer
(CTS), an assembly of the Electronics Unit, and the Ultra-Stable Oscillator (USO)
Unit. During this warm-up period, these components require power above their
nominal operating state. To minimize the impact of this additional power need,
the instrument power switches are configured such that most other MIRO
components are off. The warm-up sequence is performed automatically at
instrument turn on and requires about 30 minutes for the CTS and at least 4 hours
for the USO. MIRO may begin operations (acquisition of data) after the CTS
warm-up with the realization that the USO may not be completely stable and
analysis will have higher error bars. Note that spectroscopic data acquired before
the CTS is fully warmed up have a high risk of being completely meaningless.
3-1
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Modes Used
Internal Loads
Spectrometer
Operation Phase
Boresighting
(Ref: EID-B Table 6.3.1-1)
Radiometer
Frequency
Celestial
Mapping
Asteroid
Comet
Beam
Moon
Earth
Limb
Mars
Launch phase H - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Commissioning-1 [1-17] C C C - C - - C C C C C C C
Cruise phase 1 [1-6], H - - - - C - - C C - - - - C
Commissioning-2 [1-17] C C C - C - - C C C C C C C
Earth flyby 1 [1-6], [13-4] C C C - - - - C C C C C - C
Cruise phase 2 H - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mars flyby [1-6], [13-4] - - - C - - - C C C C - - C
Cruise phase 3 H - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Earth flyby 2 [1-6], [13-4] C C C - - - - C C C C C - C
Cruise phase 4-1 H - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Steins flyby [1-6], [13-4] C - - - - S - C C - - - C C
Cruise phase 4-2 H - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Earth flyby 3 [1-6], [13-4] C C C - - - - C C C C C - C
Cruise phase 5 H - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
DSHM Commissioning H - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lutetia flyby [1-6], [13-4] C - - - - S - C C - - - C C
Cruise phase 6 (DSHM) H - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Comet drift phase [1-6], [13-14], [15], [16] C - - - - - S - C - - - - C
Far approach [1-6], [7-12], [13,14], [15], [16] C - - - - - S - C - - - - C
Close approach [1-6], [7-12], [13,14], [15], [16] C - - - - - S - C - - - - -
Transition to global mapping [1-6], [7-12], [13,14], [15], [16] C - - - - - S - C - - - - -
Nucleus map./close enc. [1-6], [7-12], [13,14], [15], [16] C - - - - - S - C - - - - -
Comet low activity phase [1-6], [7-12], [13,14] C - - - - - S - C - - - - -
Comet activity: moderate
[1-6], [7-12] C - - - - - S - C - - - - -
increase
Comet activity: sharp increase [1-6], [7-12] C - - - - - S - C - - - - -
Comet activity: high activity [1-6], [7-12] C - - - - - S - C - - - - -
Near perihel phase [1-6] C - - - - - S - C - - - - -
Extended mission TBD - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Notes:
1. C (calibration) and S (science) refer to primary purpose of the observations;
2. Target sources may either be used for calibration or science; celestial sources include Venus, Jupiter, Mars (at a
distance) and (Galactic) interstellar molecular clouds
3-2
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
3.1.3.1 Radiometric
The principal radiometric calibration opportunity is the close observation of the
Moon during the Earth swing-bys. MIRO continuum maps will be compared to
detailed Moon models in order to perform the calibration.
3.1.3.2 Frequency
Opportunities for frequency calibration of the CTS will occur with nearby
observations of Mars and Earth, in which several known spectral lines will be
observed with high accuracy.
3-3
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Note that this mode is not necessarily limited to use in asteroid encounters. It can
also be of use in any close encounter with a target.
The Asteroid Mode telecommand is described in Section 6.1.2.2 of this User
Manual.
3-4
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
3-5
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
3-6
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
3-7
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
3.2.5 INTERFERENCES
At the present time, no interferences between MIRO and other instruments or
subsystems have been definitely established, although disturbances are
occasionally seen in the data that could be due to interference. It is intended to
continue to monitor the MIRO data during periods of operation for signs of
interference from other instruments or from the spacecraft. No restrictions need to
be placed on the MIRO instrument because of interference from other instruments
or the spacecraft.
3-8
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
powered on or off in these modes only, not in any other mode. It can only be
powered on after it has been powered off without a mode change.
SMM LNA: same as MM LNA, with the substitution of SMM for MM.
CTS Warm-up: this command can only be issued from a non-CTS mode; the
CTS warm-up is automatically switched off by any mode change to a non-
CTS mode, and this is the only way in which it can be turned off.
CTS Heater: this command can only be issued from a CTS mode. Note that
the CTS heater is turned on automatically when any CTS mode is entered, but
the temperature and heating rate are then set to default values.
3. Pointing constraint: the MIRO boresight shall not be closer than 5 degrees
from the Sun.
4. Power constraint: there is a latching current limit (LCL) of 109W / 4A
(Ref. EID-B Section 2.4.1, Table 2.4-1).
5. Thermal constraint: the Optical Bench temperature should not exceed
45 degrees C; if this is exceeded, MIRO should be turned off (see §3.1.6).
6. Interferences (see §3.2.5): No restrictions need to be placed on the MIRO
instrument because of interference from other instruments or the spacecraft.
3-9
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
3-10
EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
4 MODE DESCRIPTIONS
The MIRO instrument has seven major modes based on power: 1) Engineering;
2) Millimeter Continuum; 3) Submillimeter Continuum; 4) Dual Continuum;
5) CTS/Submillimeter-wave Continuum; 6) CTS/Dual Continuum; and
7) Asteroid.
The power levels for each mode are given in Table 2.5-2. The data rates for a
given mode are dependent on the parameters selected. Typical data rates for
modes 1–6 are given in Tables 2.5-5 through 2.5-10. The data rate for Asteroid
Mode is approximately 27 kbits/s. The parameters for each mode are described in
more detail in Flight Software Requirements Document, RO-MIR-RS-0005.
When the MIRO instrument is initially powered on, it will enter Engineering
mode upon receipt of a time update telecommand from the spacecraft.
Engineering mode telemetry will be sent to the spacecraft within one minute
following the time synchronization telecommand.
4-1
MODE DESCRIPTIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
After the graceful software shutdown is complete, any required power state
changes are made. This could result in numerous components either being
powered on or off depending on the current mode and the commanded mode.
The start of each mode, except for engineering only mode, begins with an
instrument calibration. The instrument calibration views the hot target for
30 seconds, the cold target for 30 seconds, and finally the space target for
30 seconds. CTS data collected during calibration is not subtracted based on LO
frequency. Both LO data sets are returned. The continuum summing value in
place when the mode is changed is controls the rate of continuum collection
during the instrument calibration.
When the instrument calibration is complete the nominal processing mode is
begun. The MIRO instrument will remain in nominal processing until it receives a
mode change command or approximately 30 minutes have elapsed. After
30 minutes another instrument calibration is performed. Instrument calibration is
performed with every mode change and every 30 minutes except when running in
engineering only mode.
Engineering TM is generated during all of the MIRO operational modes.
4-2
MODE DESCRIPTIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The engineering TM is also generated during all the other MIRO operational
modes.
4-3
MODE DESCRIPTIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
CTS data collection and the LO frequency switching is coordinated with the
collection of continuum data. When there is no continuum summing applied,
exactly 100 continuum samples are taken during each LO frequency-switch
setting. Upon receipt of the data on the ground it is known at which LO frequency
all of the continuum measurements were made at.
If the CTS has just been powered on, an internal calibration of the CTS is
performed. This consists of loading the 4 CTS sum of square tables with a linear
ramping pattern. A 10,000-cycle integration is then performed and the resulting
data read out. The data is then averaged to yield the midpoint of the table. The
resulting midpoint values for each table are downlinked in telemetry packets for
monitoring over time.
Note: Four CTS bands suffer from instablility due likely to an unstable amplifier;
see CTS anomaly report RO-MIR-TN-2012-001-LWK.
4-4
MODE DESCRIPTIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
10 MHz. At the end a specified time, the MIRO instrument will return to Dual
Continuum mode.
The data rate associated with the Asteroid mode requires a special discussion.
While in Asteroid mode, data is collected at one rate, buffered, and then output at
a different rate depending on the mode the instrument is in. While in Asteroid
mode, around 16 minutes or less, the output data rate is exactly the same as
CTS/dual continuum data rate, which is six packets every collection cycle, which
is nominally every 8 seconds.
Since the data collection rate while in Asteroid mode is approximately six times
faster than the output data rate, the buffered data have not been transferred to the
S/C at the end of Asteroid mode. When Asteroid mode is finished it automatically
switches to Dual Continuum mode, and the packet output rate then changes to the
rate for dual continuum. This is two packets at most per collection cycle. This rate
will continue until a mode change to any other mode, at which point the output
rate will change to whatever rate that mode dictates. Thus, the Asteroid mode is
unique in that its data rate is variable.
4-5
MODE DESCRIPTIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
4-6
MODE DESCRIPTIONS
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
5-1
CONTINGENCY RECOVERY AND FLIGHT CONTROL PROCEDURES/SEQUENCES
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
5-2
CONTINGENCY RECOVERY AND FLIGHT CONTROL PROCEDURES/SEQUENCES
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.1.1.1 Description
There are two calibration loads in the MIRO instrument, one internal to the
Sensor Unit and one mounted externally under the primary mirror of the
telescope. The MIRO instrument is radiometrically calibrated by correlating its
measured response when looking at each of the calibration loads with their
physical temperature. For this calibration to be accurate, the difference in the two
loads’ temperature should be greater than 30°C. The cold load will be at the
temperature of the external environment. This is expected to become quite cold
when the Rosetta spacecraft is far from the Sun. The warm load is at the ambient
temperature inside the spacecraft maintained between −20°C and +50°C. The
purpose of the calibration heater is increase the temperature of the warm (load
should the two loads be within 30°C of each other.
The calibration heater command, when turned on supplies current to a heater on
the warm calibration load. With this current applied the warm load heats up about
30°C above its ambient temperature. When the calibration heater is turned off, the
warm load temperature returns to ambient.
6-1
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.1.1.3 Parameters
The parameters are contained in the application data of the packet.
Calibration heater state: On (1), Off (0)
6-2
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The impact on the science data: The measured continuum channels should
increase. The measured spectroscopic calibration data should increase.
6.1.1.2.1 Description
The USO provides the frequency reference for spectroscopic measurements.
It takes about 8 hours to stabilize. It is automatically turned on in the two
spectroscopic modes. This command allows it to be turned on in any mode so that
it can warm up prior to initiating a spectroscopic mode.
6-3
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.1.2.3 Parameters
The parameters are contained in the application data of the packet.
USO state: On (1), Off (0)
6-4
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Impact on the science data: The frequency calibration of the spectroscopic data
will be correct. There is no way of verifying this from the data other than looking
at a source with a known spectroscopic signature, such as an astrophysical source.
6-5
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.1.3.1 Description
The analog part (SAW filters) of the CTS is temperature controlled. For optimum
performance of the thermal feedback analog part of the CTS should be at least
20C above ambient. This command turns on the thermal control. It takes about
an hour for the CTS to stabilize.
In addition, the CTS does not turn on correctly if it is below about −5°C.
Therefore, it needs to be warmed up prior to turning it on. It warms up in a few
minutes after executing this command.
This command can be executed in any non-spectroscopic mode. In a
spectroscopic mode the CTS heater command should be used to change the
temperature for the thermal control.
6-6
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Size
Data Element Value (binary) Comment
(bits)
CTS Heater Power 4 0=High, 1=Off, 2=Low
CTS Heater 4 All values are degrees C; 0=0, 1=10, 2=20,
Temperature 3=30, 4=40, 5=50, 6=60, 7=70
Reserved 8 Not Used
6.1.1.3.3 Parameters
The parameters are contained in the application data of the packet.
CTS Heater Temperature (PMRD2701): 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
CTS Heater Power (PMRD2702): High, Off, Low
6-7
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Impact on the science data: There is no easily measured impact on the science
data. The CTS spectroscopic data will be more stable when the CTS SAW filters
are maintained at a constant temperature.
6-8
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-9
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.2.1.1 Description
MIRO has six primary modes:
1. Engineering mode
2. Millimeter-wave Continuum mode
3. Submillimeter-wave Continuum mode
4. Dual Continuum mode
5. CTS/Submillimeter-wave Continuum mode
6. CTS/Dual Continuum mode
The Engineering mode is the lowest power mode. The flight computer is turned
on and returns the engineering telemetry.
The continuum modes include the Millimeter-wave Continuum mode, the
Submillimeter-wave Continuum mode and the Dual Continuum mode. In the
Millimeter-wave Continuum mode, only the millimeter-wave receiver is on and
returning data. Similarly, in the Submillimeter-wave Continuum mode, only the
submillimeter-wave continuum receiver is on and returning data. In the Dual
Continuum mode, both the submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave continuum
receivers are on and returning data.
The spectroscopic modes include the CTS/Submillimeter-wave Continuum mode
and the CTS/Dual Continuum mode. The submillimeter-wave receiver can return
both continuum and spectroscopic data. To return spectroscopic data requires that
the USO be on, the submillimeter-wave local oscillator be phase-locked, and the
intermediate frequency processor be operational, as well as the continuum parts of
the receiver be on. The CTS/Submillimeter-wave Continuum mode returns both
submillimeter-wave spectroscopic and continuum data. The CTS/Dual Continuum
mode returns submillimeter-wave spectroscopic data, submillimeter-wave
continuum data, and millimeter-wave continuum data.
The sequence followed for the Continuum modes starts with a calibration that
consists of (1) observing the “hot” load for 30 seconds, (2) observing the “cold”
load for 30 seconds, (3) observing the “source” for 30 seconds, and (4) continuing
to observe “source” position. This sequence is repeated every 33 minutes and
50 seconds. The data is returned as counts.
The sequence followed for the spectroscopic modes starts with (1) observing the
“hot” load for 30 seconds with the frequency switching between LO 0 and LO 1
every 5 sec, (2) observing the “cold” load for 30 seconds with the frequency
switching between LO 0 and LO 1 every 5 seconds, (3) observing the “source”
position for 30 seconds with the frequency switching between LO 0 and LO 1
every 5 seconds, and (4) repeated “source” position observations for the
integration time with the frequency switching between LO 0 and LO 1 every
6-10
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-11
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.2.1.3 Parameters
The parameters are contained in the application data of the packet.
Power mode: selects one of six power modes. The instrument is in engineering
mode when powered on.
CTS integration period: selects one of four integration periods for the
submillimeter-wave spectroscopic data. 30 seconds is the default. This parameter
is set greater than the default in order to reduce data volume for a given period of
time. When this parameter is set to 120 seconds, for instance, four 30-second data
sets are averaged together on-board. This does not affect the continuum data.
Continuum summing value: This selects the number of continuum data sets to add
together on-board. The default is to sum 1 data set. This parameter is set greater
than the default in order to reduce data volume for a given period of time. When
this parameter is set to sum 10, for instance, 10 continuum values are added
together on board. Note that the data is summed, not averaged. This is applied to
the millimeter-wave and/or submillimeter-wave continuum data. This does not
affect the spectroscopic data.
CTS smoothing value: This parameter smoothes the spectroscopic data in
frequency. The default value is “smooth 1” which returns all 4096 of the CTS
channels. This parameter is set greater than the default in order to reduce data
volume for a given period of time. “Smooth 2”, for instance, reduces the number
of CTS channels by a factor of 2, from 4096 to 2048.
6-12
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-13
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
smm
Function Telemetry Eng. mm cont Dual cont CTS/SMM CTS/Dual
cont.
Operational NMRA0002 6 5 4 3 2 1
Mode (Power (NMRD0201)
Mode)
Operational NMRA0002 NA NA NA NA 0=30s, 0=30s,
Mode (CTS (NMRD0202) 1=60s, 1=60s,
Integration 2=90s, 2=90s,
Period) 3=120s 3=120s
Operational NMRA0002 NA 0=sum 1 0=sum 1 0=sum 1 0=sum 1 0=sum 1
Mode (NMRD0203) 1=sum 2 1=sum 2 1=sum 2 1=sum 2 1=sum 2
(Continuum 2=sum 5 2=sum 5 2=sum 5 2=sum 5 2=sum 5
Sum Value)) 3=sum10 3=sum10 3=sum10 3=sum10 3=sum10
4=sum20 4=sum20 4=sum20 4=sum20 4=sum20
Operational NMRA0002 NA 0=sm 1 0=sm 1
Mode (CTS (NMRD0204) 1=sm 2 1=sm 2
Smoothing 2=sm 3 2=sm 3
Value) 3=sm 4 3=sm 4
-5V SBEU for SUCR bit 25 0 1 0 1 0 1
mm cont. (NMRA0004, bit 6)
-5V SBEU for SUCR bit 24 0 0 1 1 1 1
smm cont (NMRA0004, bit 7)
-5V SBEU for SUCR bit 26 0 0 0 0 1 1
spectroscopy (NMRA0004, bit 5)
+5V SBEU, SUCR bit 10 0 1 0 1 0 1
+/-12V SBEU (NMRA0003, bit 5)
for mm cont.
+5V SBEU, SUCR bit 5 0 0 1 1 1 1
+/-12V SU for (NMRA0003, bit 10)
smm cont.
+5V SBEU, SUCR bit 11 0 0 0 0 1 1
+/-12V SBEU (NMRA0003, bit 4)
for spect.
+12V SPEC Add Reg 100, bit 8 0 0 0 0 1 1
EU (NMRA0005, bit 15)
+5V Spec EU Add Reg 100, bit 9 0 0 0 0 1 1
(NMRA0005, bit 14)
+5V ANA Add Reg 100, bit 10 0 0 0 0 1 1
SPEC EU (NMRA0005, bit 13)
+3.V SPEC Add Reg 100,bit 11 0 0 0 0 1 1
EU (NMRA0005, bit 12)
-12V SPEC Add Reg 100,bit 12 0 0 0 0 1 1
EU (NMRA0005, bit 11)
6-14
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
For the spectroscopic modes, the CTS sum of squares table midpoints will be
placed in the miscellaneous science file. This is one of the earliest diagnostics to
determine if the CTS is operating correctly. The CTS warm-up telecommand
should be executed prior to the change mode command if its operating
temperature is below about −5°C. If the CTS is operating correctly, the midpoints
of the sum of squares tables will all be about 125. If is not, then one or more
midpoints is zero.
The frequency smoothing is accomplished as described below.
Smoothing Shift = 1: All 4096 values are returned.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4096
Smoothing Shift = 2: Window size of 5 is shifted over data set two positions at a time. Returned
value is computed as a mathematical weighting function of the 5 values in the window. The
smoothing weights are 0.03, 0.22, 0.50, 0.22, 0.03, respectively. 2046 values are returned.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4096
Returned
1 – 5 Value 1
Returned
3 –Value
7 2
Returned Value
5 –39
Smoothing Shift = 3: Window size of 7 is shifted over the data set three positions at a time.
Returned value is computed as a mathematical weighting function of the 7 values in the window.
The smoothing weights are 0.01, 0.03, 0.30, 0.32, 0.30, 0.03, 0.01, respectively. 1364 values are
returned.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4096
Returned
1 – 7Value 1
Returned Value 2
4 – 10
Returned Value 3 7 – 13
Smoothing Shift = 4: Window size of 9 is shifted over the data set four positions at a time.
Returned value is computed as a mathematical weighting function of the 9 values in the window.
The smoothing weights are 0.01, 0.03, 0.11, 0.23, 0.24, 0.23, 0.11, 0.03, 0.01, respectively.1022
values are returned.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4096
Returned Value
1–9 1
Returned Value 2 5 – 13
Returned Value 3 9 – 17
6-15
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-16
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.2.2.1 Description
The Asteroid mode telecommand is a complex command calling the other modes
in a timed sequence. Asteroid mode returns “raw” data, the only mode that does
so.
6-17
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
LO SETTING
The LO setting is optimized for the H2O line. The frequency of the water line
(and all the other lines) is Doppler shifted due to the relative motion of the
spacecraft and the source of emission (the asteroid). It moves from high frequency
(approaching the asteroid) to low frequency (departing from the asteroid).
However, the direction that this frequency shifts in the MIRO spectrometer
depends on which sideband the line is in for each of its down-conversions. This
varies with each line as shown in the table below.
LO 1 shifts frequencies − 5MHz (lower frequency). LO 0 shifts frequency
+5MHz (higher frequency).
6-18
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-19
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.2.2.3 Parameters
The parameters are contained in the application data of the packet.
Start time (PMRG2501 Astrd Mode #1) (= asteroid flyby time −
(N*5.3+139)[sec])
Start Time is the time at which the Asteroid mode begins its automated sequence.
This should precede the Asteroid Flyby time by an interval equal to the Execution
Time parameter multiplied by 5.3 seconds plus the time for a calibration
(139 secs). Start Time must be at least 8 minutes later than the time at which the
Asteroid mode command is issued. The units of Start Time are spacecraft time in
seconds.
Execution time (PMRD2502) (N, = even number between 2 and 96)
Execution Time is the number of 5-second CTS scans per LO frequency that are
done before and after the encounter. This value must be an even integer between
2 and 96.
Starting LO Frequency (PMRD2503) (= 0 or 1)
For CTS warm-up command
CTS Heater Temperature (PMRD2701) (= 0, 10, … 50, 60, 70 deg)
CTS Heater Power (PMRD2703) (= High or Low)
For Dual continuum time (= Execution time (PMRD2502)*.37 hours)
Dual Continuum Observation Time is the time to read out the data taken during
the asteroid encounter. Data continues to be taken in Dual Continuum mode, after
the Asteroid mode sequence has been completed.
6-20
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-21
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-22
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.3.1.1 Description
The digital noise generated when reading the engineering housekeeping data
every 11 seconds can cause excess noise in the continuum data. The engineering
housekeeping cycle skip command can be used to skip this readout for a certain
period of time in order to eliminate this noise source.
6-23
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.3.1.3 Parameters
The parameters are contained in the application data of the packet.
N = number of 11.2 sec engineering data packets to skip reading. N = 0 is the
default.
6-24
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
to the engineering task then skipping the subsequent 10 collection cycles. While
in the process of skipping the 10 cycles it is possible to increase the number of
cycles to skip by sending another TC with a value greater than 10. If a TC were
then sent to skip 20 cycles while the software was halfway through skipping
10 cycles the total number of cycles ultimately skipped would be exactly 20.
There is no cumulative/additive effect. When the software finishes skipping the
desired number of cycles it repeats the entire sequence again by collecting
engineering data for one cycle and then skipping the desired number of cycles.
This repeats indefinitely, until the cycle skip count is again changed by TC.
Lowering the skip count value from a higher value has two possible outcomes.
If the new skip count value is higher than the number of cycles that have already
been skipped then the software will simply keep skipping cycles until the new
lower number of cycles has been skipped. If the new skip count value is lower
than the number of cycles that have already been skipped then the next cycle that
starts will be a good collection cycle followed by the new number of skipped
cycles.
For purposes of simply “turning off” engineering data collection for an indefinite
period, the best method would be to uplink this TC with a value of 65535. This
will produce a skip period of 8.5 days, effectively turning off engineering data
collection. When one wants to resume periodic engineering HK data collection
just send the TC in with a more reasonable skip count value (i.e., five) or just a
zero to cause it to collect engineering HK data continuously.
6-25
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.4.1.1 Description
The maximum value for continuum data, 32000, may be exceeding when looking
at a very bright source or using the continuum summing capability in the mode
change telecommand. When this happens, data is lost. Typical values for un-
summed continuum data are about 7000. The continuum subtraction value
telecommand allows the subtraction of an offset prior to summing to mitigate this
problem. Different values can be entered for the millimeter-wave and
submillimeter-wave continuum channels.
6-26
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.4.1.3 Parameters
The parameters are in the application data.
Millimeter-wave subtraction value: integer to be subtracted from the
millimeter-wave continuum data.
Submillimeter-wave subtraction values: integer to be subtracted from the
submillimeter-wave continuum data.
6.1.4.1.4 Execution Description
Upon receipt of this TC the inbound FIFO manager task sets a global variable that
is used by the continuum interrupt processing task.
6-27
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.4.2.1 Description
This command turns the power on or off to the millimeter-wave receiver low
noise amplifier on the optical bench. The power is turned off in order to obtain a
“zero” value for the millimeter-wave continuum data calibration. This should be
done at least once per Millimeter-wave Continuum, Dual Continuum, or
CTS/Dual mode observing session.
6-28
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.4.2.3 Parameters
The parameters are given in the packet application data.
mm LNA power state (PMRG0009) : Power off=0, Power on = 1
6-29
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The impact on the science data: The mm-wave continuum value goes to its “zero”
counts level, about 1700.
6.1.4.3.1 Description
This command turns the power on or off to the submillimeter-wave receiver low
noise amplifier on the optical bench. The power is turned off in order to obtain a
“zero” value for the submillimeter-wave continuum data calibration. This should
be done at least once per Submillimeter-wave Continuum, Dual Continuum, or
CTS/Dual mode observing session.
6-30
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.4.3.3 Parameters
The parameters are given in the packet application data.
smm LNA power state (PMRG0010): Power off = 0, Power on = 1
Upon receipt of this TC the inbound FIFO manager task immediately clocks the
specified setting out to the hardware.
6-31
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Impact on the science data: The submm-wave continuum level goes to its “zero”
level, about 1700.
6-32
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.1.1 Description
This telecommand sets the power level into the chirp transform spectrometer
(CTS) coming out of the intermediate frequency processor (IFP). It can be
adjusted in 1 dB steps over a range of 16 dB. The power level for the hot mirror
position during a calibration should be about 20000. This is a function of
temperature since the gain of the system varies with temperature. At room
temperature, this is achieved with an IFP power setting of 3 dB.
Since this command changes the gain of the spectroscopic system, a calibration
sequence is automatically initiated when it is executed.
6-33
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.1.3 Parameters
The parameters are given in the packet application data.
IFP power level (PMRG0011): 0 = 0 dB, 1 = −1 dB, 2 = −2db … .15 = −15dB
Impact on the science: Typical CTS spectra in the hot mirror position during the
calibration sequence as a function of IFP Power Control values is given in the
table below.
6-34
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-35
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.2.1 Description
The Submillimeter Gunn Voltage Telecommand allows manual control of the
submillimeter-wave Gunn oscillator voltage and hence frequency. This is
desirable since the voltage that will result in the desired frequency is somewhat
temperature dependent.
Note: This telecommand can be executed in the submillimeter continuum mode to
control the frequency of the Gunn oscillator. However, in that case, the
submillimeter Gunn oscillator is not controlled by the phase-lock system.
6-36
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.2.3 Parameters
The telecommand parameter is given in the packet application data.
Submillimeter-wave Gunn voltage: one of sixteen values (0= 9.36V, 1= 9.29V,
2=9.23V, 3=9.16V, 4=9.09V, 5=9.02V, 6=8.95V, 7=8.88V, 8=8.81V, 9=8.74V,
10=8.67V, 11=8.60V, 12=8.53V, 13=8.46V, 14=8.39V, 15=8.32V)
The frequency of the Gunn oscillator changes with voltage and temperature. The
variation with voltage has been measured to be +458.82 MHz/V over the range of
commandable voltages. The voltage step size is 0.07V, corresponding to a change
in 32.7 MHz at the Gunn oscillator frequency or 128 MHz at the sky frequency.
At about room temperature, telecommand of 4 = 9.09V corresponds to the
required frequency of 140703.3MHz. The resultant frequency for each
commandable voltage based on this slope is given below.
The frequency also varies with temperature with a slope of 0.0037 V/C at
140.7 GHz. The absolute temperature is not well-calibrated. In the table below,
we have set the voltage at 20°C to be that corresponding to a command of 4, the
value observed to be locked at room temperature. Therefore, this table provides
trends. Based on this, the command parameter values that need to stay locked
over the whole operating temperature range (−20°C to 40°C) is from 6 to 3.
6-37
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-38
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Note that the Gunn oscillator could be locked at two different voltages, though we
have never seen it lock at the lower (wrong) voltage. Also, there sometimes is
hysteresis, though not seen here.
Impact on the science: The submillimeter-wave Gunn oscillator will become
unlocked resulting in inaccurate frequency knowledge for the spectroscopic
channels. The PLL alarm bits in the Spectroscopic (CTS) science data are set
when the submillimeter-wave Gunn oscillator becomes unlocked. For more
information, see telemetry discussion in Section 7.1.3. Also, the number of times
that 6 PLL lock indicator bits were found to be locked and unlocked is stored in
the Miscellaneous Science file under PLL Lock Successful counter and PLL Lock
Unsuccessful counter.
6-39
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.3.1 Description
The Phase Lock Loop (PLL) reset command opens (or closes) the feedback loop
for the phase-lock electronics.
6-40
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.3.3 Parameters
The parameter is given in the packet application data.
PLL Reset (PMRG0013) 0 = off (loop closed, nominal, default)
1 = on (loop open (reset))
6-41
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-42
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.4.1 Description
MIRO is automated to adjust the submillimeter-wave Gunn oscillator voltage to
stay locked over temperature. This command either enables or disables this
capability.
6.1.5.4.3 Parameters
The parameter is found in the packet application data.
SMM Gunn Volt Enbl/Dsbl (PMRG0029): 1 = Enable (default), 0 = disable
6-43
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-44
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.5.1 Description
The analog part (SAW filters) of the CTS is temperature-controlled. For optimum
performance of the thermal feedback analog part of the CTS should be at least
20C above ambient. This command allows you to set the temperature that the
analog part of the CTS will be controlled to. In addition, the power level available
for this thermal control can be specified. This latter control allows a trade between
power dissipation and time to reach a certain temperature.
This command can be executed only in spectroscopic modes. In a non-
spectroscopic mode, the CTS warm-up telecommand should be used to change the
temperature for the thermal control.
6-45
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-46
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Impact on the science data: There is no easily measured impact on the science
data. The CTS spectroscopic data will be more stable when the CTS SAW filters
are maintained at a constant temperature.
6-47
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.6.1 Description
The CTS uses four banks of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to generate the
4096 spectral channels. Each of the four banks of ADCs contains two high-speed
8-bit ADCs. The output of the ADC banks are interspersed so that the 1st channel
comes from the 1st ADC bank, the 2nd channel from the 2nd ADC bank, the 3rd
6-48
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
channel from the 3rd ADC bank, and the 4th channel from the 4th ADC bank. The
pattern of repeating, interspersed ADC banks continues through all 4096
channels. Each of the eight individual ADCs has a different offset and gain that
may drift with time and temperature. The purpose of the CTS internal calibration
is to compensate for these differences.
Since the CTS internal calibration invalidates the instrument calibration, the CTS
internal calibration telecommand actually does two things: (1) the actual CTS
internal calibration followed by (2) a new instrument calibration.
A CTS internal calibration is performed automatically every time the CTS is
powered on. (A mode change telecommand to a spectroscopic mode will not
perform a CTS internal calibration if the instrument is already in a spectroscopic
mode.) This telecommand was created to allow for a re-calibration at least once a
day to compensate for any temperature or power level induced changes in the
CTS functioning during multi-day CTS observing periods. Once the CTS internal
calibration and instrument calibrations are complete, the instrument automatically
resumes in the spectroscopic mode it was in before the command was invoked.
The CTS internal calibration command should not be used unless the instrument
is already operating in a spectroscopic mode. If the instrument receives a CTS
internal calibration command when it is not in spectroscopic mode, the command
will be rejected.
6-49
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.6.3 Parameters
This telecommand requires no parameters.
6-50
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
32 16 32
18 9 18
8 5 4 5 8
5 2 1 2
16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
5 2 1 2 5
8 5 4 5 8
18 9 18
32 16 32
If the ADC is perfect, with no offset, then the center of the table will be at
(128, 128). The effect of an offset is to shift the table center. The CTS internal
calibration procedure determines the effective center (also called midpoint) for
each of the eight ADCs. The four SOS tables are then generated with the 0 being
placed in the effective center. These four SOS tables, each with their own
midpoints, are then loaded into the CTS.
A two-step process is used in order to measure the effective center of a SOS table
for each ADC bank. The first step determines the x center, the second the y
center. To determine the x-axis center, the SOS table is loaded with a linear
ramping pattern, so that each column of the table contains the same data in each
row. The CTS executes 10,000 cycles and the data is read out of the CTS. A
linear SOS table loaded for calculating the x-axis midpoint is shown below.
6-51
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Again, if the ADC were perfect, the average of the output of the CTS when scaled
for the number of cycles would be 127.5. However, since it is not perfect the
output would be different, say 126.7. This is then the computed midpoint for the
x-axis ADC. Since the SOS table can only be loaded with integer values, the
calculated floating point table midpoint is rounded to the nearest integer value
prior to subsequently computing the actual SOS table values.
A linear SOS table loaded for calculating the y-axis midpoint is shown below. A
similar scheme is used, but in this case, the SOS table is loaded with the linear
ramping pattern in the rows, not the columns.
Again, if the ADC were perfect, the average of the output of the CTS when scaled
for the number of cycles would be 127.5. However, since it is not perfect the
output would be different, say 124.2. This is then the computed midpoint for the
y-axis. After rounding, 124 would be used as the midpoint for computing the
actual SOS table.
The two rounded midpoints for each SOS table are then used to determine the cell
that contains the value 0. The entire SOS table is then generated around the zero
point until the entire table is filled in, as described earlier.
6-52
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
representing the real part of the transform, the other the imaginary part. The
values of the midpoints should be about 128 if the inherent offset of the ADC
banks is exactly centered with regard to a null input signal.
6.1.5.7.1 Description
The CTS generates spectra that consist of 4096 channels of 32-bit data. The flight
software compresses the 32-bits to 12-bits. The default compression algorithm
looks for the channel with the largest value within each of seven spectral bands
(defined in Section 9.3.4). It identifies the high bit associated with this value and
then makes that the most significant bit for all the channels of that band by
stripping off the higher bits with zero value. Then, it goes down 12 bits below this
high bit and strips off the lower bits. (Note that this algorithm was changed by a
software patch—and patches must be reloaded each time the instrument is turned
on—starting in September 2009. Prior to that date, the location of the high bit to
be returned was the same for all bands. If one band had a much higher signal than
another, that had the potential of reducing to an unacceptable value the dynamic
range of the band with the weak signal. The CTS Data Mask telecommand was
designed to avoid this by allowing manual selection of the 12 bits within each
spectral band. The revised software reduces the need for this telecommand,
though there are situations where it still might be useful.)
This telecommand manually sets the high bit above which bits are stripped. The
CTS spectra are a composite of seven bands (Section 9.3.4). Each band may have
significantly different gains. In addition, calibration data and regular differenced
data have very different values. Therefore, a total of 14 most significant bits can
be set, seven associated with the calibration data in each band and seven for
regular differenced data in each band.
6-53
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-54
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.7.3 Parameters
The parameters are given in the packet application data definition.
The value assigned to the parameters is an integer in the range from 11 to 31.
(PMRD2301) Calibration Band#1 MSB
(PMRD2302) Calibration Band#2 MSB
(PMRD2303) Calibration Band#3 MSB
(PMRD2304) Calibration Band#4 MSB
(PMRD2305) Calibration Band#5 MSB
(PMRD2306) Calibration Band#6 MSB
(PMRD2307) Calibration Band#7 MSB
(PMRD2308) Nominal Band#1 MSB
(PMRD2309) Nominal Band#2 MSB
(PMRD2310) Nominal Band#3 MSB
(PMRD2311) Nominal Band#4 MSB
(PMRD2312) Nominal Band#5 MSB
(PMRD2313) Nominal Band#6 MSB
(PMRD2314) Nominal Band#7 MSB
6-55
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-56
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
13, MSB=13
14, MSB=14
15, MSB=15
16, MSB=16
17, MSB=17
18, MSB=18
19, MSB=19
20, MSB=20
21, MSB=21
22, MSB=22
23, MSB=23
24, MSB=24
25, MSB=25
26, MSB=26
27, MSB=27
28, MSB=28
29, MSB=29
30, MSB=30
31, MSB=31
PMRD2302 Calibration Band#2 MSB
CMRV0018
PMRD2303 Calibration Band#3 MSB
CMRV0018
PMRD2304 Calibration Band#4 MSB
CMRV0018
PMRD2305 Calibration Band#5 MSB
CMRV0018
PMRD2306 Calibration Band#6 MSB
CMRV0018
PMRD2307 Calibration Band#7 MSB
CMRV0018
PMRD2308 Nominal Band#1 MSB
CMRV0018
PMRD2309 Nominal Band#2 MSB
CMRV0018
PMRD2310 Nominal Band#3 MSB
CMRV0018
6-57
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.8.1 Description
This telecommand is used to minimize overhead in the timing when both the
spectroscopic and continuum data are being collected (i.e., during spectroscopic
modes—CTS/SMMContinuum and CTS/Dual Continuum modes). The
objective is to reduce that gap from its worst case of 500 milliseconds to about
20 milliseconds, by increasing the CTS run-time.
Continuum
Continuum Samples 1 continuum sample = 0.050 seconds +- 1% 100th Sample
100 continuum sample = 5.00 seconds +- 1% = 4.95 to 5.05 seconds
Min Max
1 second 5 seconds
Next 100
Sample Sample Sample Sample Continuum
Nominal Continuum Sample
97 98 99 100 Samples
Timeline 1
Started
The continuum and spectrometer detailed timeline is given below. The figure
shows the detail at the end of a 5-sec LO frequency switch. During each
6-58
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
~5 seconds CTS scan, 100 continuum samples are read out. A time gap is
introduced between the time when the 100th continuum sample is read out and the
next 5-second CTS scan is started. The reason for introducing this gap is that
there is an uncertainty in the continuum sample readout of +/-1%, which means
that the 100th sample could be readout anywhere between 4.95 and 5.05 seconds.
The CTS run-time is programmable by this telecommand. Its default setting is
4.95 seconds, the minimum time for the 100th continuum sample to be read out.
This is returned in the Miscellaneous Science data. Also, the time to readout the
CTS data is uncertain, between 230 and 500 milliseconds. When the program
starts up, the worst case is assumed, that both the 100th sample is read out at
4.95 seconds and the CTS readout takes 500 milliseconds. The next CTS scan and
continuum readout, then start at 5.225 sec. The gap, called the continuum/CTS
unloading gap, from the actual 100th continuum interrupt until the actual CTS
readout is complete is returned in the Miscellaneous science file.
6-59
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-60
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
the gap as a function of CTS run-time is given in the table below. The gap should
not be less than 0.02 seconds. As you can see from the table below the range for
the CTS run-time is between 4.956 (default from large multiplier = 0, small
multiplier = 1, integration counts = 13858) and 4.47 seconds (large multiplier = 0,
small multiplier =1, integration counts =12499).
Large Multiplier 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Small Multiplier 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Integration Counts 13858 13701 13422 13142 12863 12583 12499
CTS Run Time (sec) 4.956 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.47
Max Gap (sec) 0.506 0.45 0.35 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.02
Min Gap (sec) 0.096 0.04 -0.06 -0.16 -0.26 -0.36 -0.39
The CTS Run-time and continuum/CTS unloading gap in seconds are read out in
the Miscellaneous Science file. The Gap is initially set to 10.0 to indicate when it
hasn’t been updated.
The CTS is considered to have failed if the busy line of the CTS is still high
during the 100th continuum interrupt processing. The busy line normally goes low
at the completion of the CTS scan. If the busy line stays high, a graceful software
shutdown will occur returning the instrument to the engineering mode. A CTS
Error Event Report (YMR00015) will be generated.
6-61
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
not be lowered to a value to immediately reduce the gap from 0.100 to the desired
0.020 value, but gradually decreased over perhaps three or four iterations. If we
wanted to lower it from 0.100 to 0.050, we would need to decrease the CTS run-
time by about 2272 cycles (0.050/0.000022). The CTS run-time would then be
changed from the nominal value of 30242 (221728 cycles) to 30100 (219456
cycles). The continuum/CTS unloading gap should then be monitored until it
stops decreasing again, and the process repeated to lower the gap closer to the
desired value of 0.020. Once the process has been repeated several times and the
gap has been reduced to the 0.020 level, the CTS run-time being used should be
noted. This CTS run-time should then be uplinked via TC every time the
instrument is repowered or restarted to implement a memory patch. This is the
CTS run-time that should be used for long-term operation. Once this process has
been completed, the continuum/CTS unloading gap should still be monitored over
time to ensure that it maintains the 0.020 nominal level. Further small adjustments
may be required over time due to temperature, power, or other variables.
During initial software startup following power on or during a software restart to
incorporate memory patches, this value is set to 30242. The 30242 corresponds to
0x7622. Bit 14 serves as an indicator to multiply the value specified in bits
0-13 by 16. Bit 15 serves as an indicator to further multiple the resulting value by
an additional 256. The initial setting of 0x7622 represents 0x3622 * 0x10 which
totals 221728. This number is the number of cycles that the CTS is set to run for,
where each cycle is approximately 22.35 microseconds duration.
6.1.5.9.1 Description
This telecommand translates the CTS spectrum with respect to channel number,
by approximately four spectral channels per unit change in the pulse position
number. The default position is 410. This telecommand would allow adjustment
of the frequency offset that might result from a change in the CTS function. This
is not anticipated.
6-62
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.5.9.3 Parameters
CTS pulse position (PMRG0017) = 410 (default)
6-63
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-64
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.6.1.1 Description
This telecommand will move the calibration mirror to any of its preset positions—
space, hot load, and cold load.
6.1.6.1.3 Parameters
The parameter is given in the packet application data.
Move Mirror (PMRG0018): 1 = space (default), 2= hot load, 3= cold load
6-65
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The impact on the science data: the mirror location is returned with the CTS
Science source data, the Submillimeter Continuum source data, and the
Millimeter Continuum source data.
Event Reports:
Failure of the mirror returns event reports
Mirror Error Type 1 (YMR00002) is generated when the mirror fails to
achieve the desired position, but is then successfully driven back to its
mechanical stop and then positioned at space.
Mirror Error Type 2 (YMR00003) is generated when the mirror fails to
achieve the desired position, is then driven back to its mechanical stop and
then fails to find space position.
Mirror Error Type 3 (YMR00004) is generated when the mirror fails to
achieve the desired position, is then driven back to its mechanical stop and
then fails to find the space position, the pin puller is activated, and the space
position located successfully.
6-66
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.6.2.1 Description
+25
The Step mirror command moves the mirror the
ld
Co
6-67
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The calibration loads are 5 cm in diameter. The hot load is located approximately
8 cm from the calibration mirror while the cold load is located about 28 cm from
the calibration mirror. Therefore, the hot load half angle at the calibration mirror
is roughly 17 (63 steps) degrees, while the cold load half angle at the mirror is
about 5 degrees (18 steps). These angles are shown in Figure 6.1-1.
6-68
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.6.2.3 Parameters
Mirror movement direction (PMRD2801): 0 = forward (from space to hot to
cold), 1 = backwards (from cold to hot to space)
Number of steps (PMRD2802): 0–255 (note 237 steps will go from space to cold)
6-69
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
This step movement of the mirror does not alter the internal variable used to track
where the mirror is pointing. If the mirror had been pointing to space prior to
receiving and executing this command, upon movement completion, the internal
variable will indicate that the mirror is still pointing at space. This could result in
problems during the next instrument calibration if the mirror were stepped too far
and mirror fault protection executes because the desired position is not achieved
as expected. The reason the software does not attempt to more accurately “keep
track” of the actual location of the mirror during stepping is because this
capability was added late in the software development effort for the sole purpose
of determining if the mirror position sensors were positioned to accurately reflect
the optimum optical path. If this command is used in flight, it should be done so
carefully, keeping track of the steps so that it can be returned to a nominal
position.
Due to the above, the mirror location returned in NMRA0006 and the science data
is not changed by this command. If no command has been issued to return to a
preset mirror location, these values will be incorrect.
6-70
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.7.1.1 Description
The software restart telecommand is used for several purposes: (1) to implement a
patch that has been loaded by the load memory telecommand, (2) to reset
parameters, such as the CTS mask parameters to default, without turning off the
whole instrument, and (3) to restart the system if for some reason it is not
responding.
This command should be implemented while in engineering mode.
6-71
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.7.1.3 Parameters
S/W Pwr Down (PMRG0019 ): value isn’t used for anything
6-72
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.7.2.1 Description
This telecommand will carry out a checksum of the memory specified in the
parameters. It does a complete checksum of memory, but only a partial checksum
(every other word) of the EEPPROM.
6-73
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.7.2.3 Parameters
The parameters are given in the telecommand application data.
The two that can be set are:
Start address (PMRG0002): for patch uploads a candidate is 0x300000, the
RAM range is 0x0000000 through 0x1FFFFFF, for EEPROM the range is
0xFF800000 through 0xFF8FFFFF and in 0x8000 long sections this is
0xFF800000, 0xFF820000, 0xFF840000, 0xF860000, 0xF880000,
0xFF8A0000, 0xFF8C0000, 0xFF8E0000.
Block length (PMRG0003): the number of quadwords (32 bit words) to check.
6.1.7.2.4 Execution Description
Upon receipt of this TC, the inbound FIFO manager task sets a semaphore to tell
the memory check task to perform the memory checksum processing.
6-74
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.7.3.1 Description
This telecomm and will dump out either RAM or EEPROM memory of a
commandable length starting at a commandable location.
6-75
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-76
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.7.3.3 Parameters
The parameters are given in the telecommand application data.
The two that can be set are:
Start address (PMRG0002): the RAM range is 0x0000000 through
0x1FFFFFF, for EEPROM the range is 0xFF800000 through 0xFF8FFFFF.
Block length (PMRG0003): the number of quadwords (32 bit words) to dump.
6.1.7.3.4 Execution Description
Upon receipt of this TC, the inbound FIFO manager task sets a semaphore to tell
the memory check task to perform the memory dump processing.
6-77
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
anticipated that the memory dump TC will be used very frequently, this should
not be difficult to do.
Since the dump parameters (start address, end address, etc.) are stored in global
memory by the inbound FIFO manager task for use by the memory check task
another precaution must be taken. Processing of the memory dump request and
generation of the TM packets requires 20 or 30 seconds of clock time by the
memory check task. During this time, it is important that another memory dump,
memory checksum, or memory load command not be sent as the memory dump
that is in progress will be corrupted.
The simplest way to avoid any problems with memory checksum and memory
dump processing is to wait for the associated TM data to be sent out of the
instrument. At that point, it is safe to send the next such request.
6.1.7.4.1 Description
The memory load telecommand loads a patch into an intermediate storage
location. Note that the load command does not actually patch memory.
The procedure for patching requires the following sequence.
1. Execute the load memory telecommand—this places the patch in a temporary
location
2. Execute the stop the time update telecommand
3. Execute the software restart telecommand—the patch is loaded into its proper
location
4. Execute the start time update telecommand
5. Execute the check memory telecommand on the proper location—this
determines if the patch is successfully loaded.
6-78
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6-79
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.7.4.3 Parameters
The parameters are given in the telecommand application data.
The three that can be set are:
Start address (PMRG0002): not used, however needs to have value to pass
formatting check
Block length (PMRG0003): the number of quadwords (32 bit words) to load,
Data block (PMRG0004): the 1st quadword contains the memory address
where the patch is to be loaded following a software restart (0x00300000 was
used during SVT), the second quadword is the number of quadwords of data
that follow, and the subsequent quadwords the data to be loaded into memory.
6.1.7.4.4 Execution Description
Upon receipt of this TC, the inbound FIFO manager task populates the main patch
area of memory with the contents of the data block field.
6-80
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.1.1 Description
This telecommand starts MIRO engineering housekeeping data transfer to the
“outbound FIFO management task” for transmission to the S/C.
6.1.8.1.3 Parameters
PAD (PMRDSID1) = 1 (default)
Structure ID (PMRDSID2): identifier of which HK report to be acted on = 1
(MIRO has only one HK report)
6-81
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.2.1 Description
This telecommand stops the MIRO housekeeping packet transfer to the “outbound
FIFO management task” for transmission to the S/C.
6-82
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.2.3 Parameters
PAD (PMRDSID1): default = 1
Structure ID (PMRDSID2): identifier of which HK report to be acted on =1
(MIRO has only one HK report)
6-83
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.3.1 Description
This telecommand sends the spacecraft time to MIRO.
6-84
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.3.3 Parameters
Time Value (PMRG0005) = CUC time, the time code format is four octets of unit
seconds followed by two octets of fractional seconds
6-85
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.4.1 Description
The objective of this command is to determine if MIRO is “alive”. It tests the
connection path from the spacecraft to the instrument.
6-86
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.4.3 Parameters
None.
6-87
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.5.1 Description
This telecommand enables the output of science telemetry packets. Science
telemetry packets are still generated as long as the instrument is in any mode other
than engineering mode.
6-88
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.5.3 Parameters
Process ID (PMRG0PID): Pad field (9bits) = 0, PID (7 bits) = 71(default)—the
science report on which the operation acts is defined by the PID of the TM source
application. For all MIRO science reports, the PAD = 0 and the PID = 71.
6.1.8.6.1 Description
This telecommand disables the outputting of science telemetry packets to the
spacecraft. Science telemetry packets are still generated as long as the instrument
is in any mode other than engineering mode.
6-89
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.6.3 Parameters
Process ID (PMRG0PID): Pad field (9bits) = 0, PID (7 bits) = 71(default)—the
science report on which the operation acts is defined by the PID of the TM source
application. For all MIRO science reports, the PAD = 0 and the PID = 71.
6-90
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.7.1 Description
If the telemetry stream from MIRO appears to be corrupted, the DMS may issue
this command as part of a telemetry recovery procedure.
6-91
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
6.1.8.7.3 Parameters
None
6.1.8.7.4 Execution Description
6.1.8.7.4.1 Actions Taken
The telemetry buffer is cleared.
6.1.8.7.4.2 Resulting Effects
The telemetry in the buffer is lost.
6-92
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELECOMMANDS)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Sub RSDB
Packet Name Type Type Name Subtype Name
Type Name
Accept Success 1 1 Telecommand Verification Acceptance Success Report YMRST001
Incomplete Packet 1 2 Telecommand Verification Acceptance Failure Report YMRST002
Incorrect Checksum 1 2 Telecommand Verification Acceptance Failure Report YMRST003
Incorrect APID 1 2 Telecommand Verification Acceptance Failure Report YMRST004
Invalid Command Code 1 2 Telecommand Verification Acceptance Failure Report YMRST005
MIRO Housekeeping 3 25 Housekeeping Data Housekeeping Parameter Report YMR00001
Data
MIRO On 5 1 Event Reporting Normal Progress Report YMR00012
Asteroid Mode Started 5 1 Event Reporting Normal Progress Report YMR00013
Asteroid Mode 5 1 Event Reporting Normal Progress Report YMR00014
Completed
Mirror Error Type 1 5 2 Event Reporting Warning Anomalous Event Report YMR00002
Mirror Error Type 2 5 2 Event Reporting Warning Anomalous Event Report YMR00003
Mirror Error Type 3 5 2 Event Reporting Warning Anomalous Event Report YMR00004
Mirror Error Type 4 5 3 Event Reporting Ground Action Anomalous Event YMR00005
Report
Mirror Error Type 5 5 3 Event Reporting Ground Action Anomalous Event YMR00006
Report
CTS Error 5 3 Event Reporting Ground Action Anomalous Event YMR00015
Report
Memory Dump 6 6 Memory Management Memory Dump Report YMR00007
Memory Checksum 6 10 Memory Management Memory Check Report YMR00008
Connection Report 17 2 Test Service Connection Test Report YMR00009
Spectroscopic (CTS) 20 3 Science Data Science Data Report YMR00011
Science
Submillimeter 20 3 Science Data Science Data Report YMR00011
Continuum Science
7-1
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Sub RSDB
Packet Name Type Type Name Subtype Name
Type Name
Millimeter Continuum 20 3 Science Data Science Data Report YMR00011
Science
Miscellaneous Science 20 3 Science Data Science Data Report YMR00011
7.1.2.1 Description
The MIRO housekeeping data contains engineering data including temperatures,
voltages, and currents.
The housekeeping data packets are generated whenever the instrument is turned
on in any mode. It is nominally generated every 11.2 seconds. If the housekeeping
skip command is executed, the generation time can be set to multiples of 11.2 sec.
7-2
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-3
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-4
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-5
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-6
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
On, Power Lo
Up, Power Hi
Up Power Lo
CTS/ SMM
SMM Cont
Dual Cont
CTS/ Dual
MM Cont
Up Off
Mode/Housekeeping
Eng
Parameter
Spect T1 [C] -5.78 -6.08 -6.31 -9.73 -9.90 -10.03 -10.40 -10.63 -10.86 -10.96 -9.93 -8.90 -9.27 -8.20 -0.17 -0.30
Spect T2 [C] -5.62 -5.95 -6.19 -9.63 -9.79 -9.93 -10.32 -10.52 -10.75 -10.85 -9.36 -9.03 -9.30 -9.30 -0.68 -0.55
Spect T3 [C] -5.65 -5.94 -6.18 -9.60 -9.77 -9.90 -10.30 -10.53 -10.73 -10.87 -9.77 -8.74 -9.20 -9.10 -0.01 -0.15
Spect T4 [C] -5.69 -6.03 -6.26 -9.67 -9.84 -9.97 -10.37 -10.60 -10.80 -10.93 -9.47 -9.11 -9.34 -9.37 -0.78 -0.65
Spect T5 [C] -20.82 -20.83 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.82 -20.87 -20.83 -20.82
Spect T6 [C] -16.56 -16.79 -16.99 -18.31 -18.31 -18.34 -18.41 -18.47 -18.54 -18.57 -18.31 -18.08 -17.55 -17.42 -14.94 -14.77
EU Temp [C] -6.98 -7.15 -7.25 -6.19 -6.26 -6.32 -6.59 -6.82 -7.02 -7.15 -7.05 -6.95 -6.16 -5.86 -3.24 -3.14
Ecal Temp [DN] 2600 2601 2601 2601 2601 2599 2598 2599 2601 2600 2601 2602 2602 2600 2602 2602
+5V EU [V] 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.11 5.11 5.11 5.08 5.08 5.08 5.08
+12V EU [V] 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.59 11.97 12.21 13.09 13.20 12.29 13.06 12.82
-12V EU [V] -12.57 -12.57 -12.57 -12.57 -12.58 -12.56 -12.56 -12.56 -12.57 -12.66 -12.65 -13.10 -13.22 -12.75 -13.14 -13.01
+3.3V EU [V] 3.31 3.31 3.31 3.31 3.31 3.31 3.31 3.31 3.31 3.37 3.37 3.37 3.44 3.44 3.44 3.44
+24V EU [V] 23.37 25.12 23.66 24.58 24.21 24.21 23.38 23.39 23.39 26.11 26.11 26.11 23.75 23.75 24.14 24.14
+5V Ana EU [V] 5.22 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.22 5.22 5.22 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10
+5V Curr EU [A] 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.56 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.55 1.46 1.47 1.47 2.08 2.06 2.07 2.08
+12V Curr EU [A] 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.51 0.31 0.07 0.07 0.31 0.10 0.14
-12V Curr EU [A] 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
+24V Curr EU [A] 0.02 0.05 0.45 0.09 0.17 0.17 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.38 0.38 0.17 0.17
+3.3V Curr Eu [A] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.66 0.67 0.66 1.33 1.35 1.33 1.34
+5V Ana Curr EU [A] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43
TLM Heating [V] 0.01 0.01 1.35 0.78 0.97 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.30 1.30 0.97 0.97
TLM RF [V] 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03
CTS V Ana 1 [V] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.46 2.47 2.47 2.45 2.45 2.46 2.46
CTS V Ana 2 [V] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.47 2.48 2.48 2.46 2.46 2.47 2.47
Cold Load 1 Temp [C] -46.97 -47.12 -47.20 -47.50 -47.42 -47.35 -47.35 -47.42 -47.42 -47.42 -47.50 -47.50 -47.64 -47.64 -48.02 -48.10
Cold Load 2 Temp [C] -46.50 -46.65 -46.73 -46.95 -46.95 -46.80 -46.88 -46.95 -46.95 -46.95 -46.95 -46.95 -47.17 -47.17 -47.55 -47.55
Warm Load 1 Temp [C] 6.38 6.45 8.17 20.24 20.16 19.26 16.94 15.65 14.54 14.01 13.41 12.96 11.54 11.17 7.38 6.98
Warm Load 2 Temp [C] 6.36 6.44 8.08 20.20 20.13 19.28 16.90 15.63 14.51 13.98 13.39 12.94 11.52 11.14 7.26 6.96
Telescope1 Temp [C] 16.27 16.27 16.20 15.82 15.82 15.75 15.75 15.75 15.67 15.67 15.67 15.67 15.59 15.59 15.37 15.29
Telescope2 Temp [C] 17.38 17.31 17.31 16.86 16.86 16.79 16.79 16.71 16.71 16.71 16.64 16.64 16.56 16.56 16.34 16.34
PLL Temp [C] -16.23 -16.38 -16.53 -18.45 -18.53 -18.60 -18.75 -16.16 -14.09 -13.42 -12.90 -12.53 -11.50 -11.20 -8.38 -8.23
IFP Det Temp [C] -19.54 -19.76 -19.99 -21.72 -21.72 -21.80 -21.80 -21.65 -21.50 -21.35 -21.27 -21.19 -20.67 -20.52 -19.16 -19.01
IFP Amp Temp [C] -18.70 -18.92 -19.07 -20.84 -20.92 -20.92 -20.99 -20.84 -20.70 -20.62 -20.47 -20.40 -19.73 -19.59 -18.26 -18.11
SMM LO Gunn Temp [C] -21.74 -21.81 -21.81 -21.89 -21.89 -21.89 -21.89 -20.02 -18.68 -18.08 -17.63 -17.18 -16.28 -16.13 -15.54 -15.69
MM LO Gunn Temp [C] -21.07 -21.07 -21.07 -21.15 -21.15 -21.07 -19.87 -19.65 -18.20 -18.45 -17.92 -17.47 -18.15 -18.60 -20.32 -19.57
Motor Temp [C] -19.89 -19.89 -19.89 -20.04 -20.04 -20.04 -17.13 -16.02 -15.20 -16.24 -16.99 -17.43 -15.79 -16.54 -18.33 -16.32
Sensor Elect. Temp [C] -13.00 -13.14 -13.29 -15.16 -15.24 -15.31 -15.38 -15.38 -15.31 -15.24 -15.09 -15.01 -14.71 -14.56 -13.29 -13.14
Optical Bench Temp [C] -20.05 -20.05 -20.05 -20.12 -20.12 -20.12 -20.05 -19.82 -19.38 -19.08 -18.85 -18.56 -18.03 -17.88 -18.18 -16.33
7-7
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
On, Power Lo
Up, Power Hi
Up Power Lo
CTS/ SMM
SMM Cont
Dual Cont
CTS/ Dual
MM Cont
Up Off
Mode/Housekeeping
Eng
Parameter
Cal Temp Low [DN] 491 491 491 492 491 491 491 491 492 492 492 491 491 491 492 491
Cal Temp High [DN] 3735 3734 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735 3735
+5V SBEU [V] 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.14 5.14 5.11 5.11 5.11 5.11 4.99 4.99 4.98 4.96
+12V-1 SBEU [V] 12.35 12.35 12.35 12.35 12.35 12.35 12.35 12.35 12.47 12.47 12.47 12.47 12.03 12.03 12.03 12.05
+12V-2 SBEU [V] 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.01 11.92 11.92 11.84 11.84 11.84 11.84 11.92 11.92 11.92 11.84
-12V SBEU [V] -12.59 -12.59 -12.59 -12.59 -12.59 -12.59 -12.69 -12.64 -12.77 -12.77 -12.77 -12.77 -12.18 -12.18 -12.17 -12.19
+5V Curr SBEU [A] 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.30 0.29 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.29
+12V Curr1 SBEU [A] 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45
+12V Curr2 SBEU [A] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.32 0.37 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.68
-12V Curr SBEU [A] 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.17
MM Gunn Curr [mA] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 148.6 0.00 148.7 148.9 148.9 149.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 148.6
SMM Mult Curr [mA] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SMM PLL ERR [V] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.23 2.60 2.58 2.54 2.53
FS1 Err [V] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.62 1.62 1.66 1.66
FS2 Err [V] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.68 1.68 1.71 1.71
FS3 Err [V] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.53 1.54 1.59 1.59
SMM PLL Gunn Curr [mA] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 123.6 124.0 124.2 124.4 124.5 121.8 121.8 122.1 122.0
Values measured when instrument was “Hot” (EU interface at about 55˚C, Optical Bench
at about 40˚C)
On, Power Lo
Up, Power Hi
Up Power Lo
CTS/ SMM
SMM Cont
Dual Cont
CTS/ Dual
MM Cont
Up Off
Mode/Housekeeping
Eng
Parameter
Spect T1 [C] 67.56 66.88 66.37 66.21 65.75 65.48 65.11 64.83 64.42 65.79 64.63 67.53 66.64 66.69 68.31
Spect T2 [C] 67.77 67.16 66.64 66.51 66.07 65.76 65.39 65.11 64.71 66.44 65.25 67.23 66.78 68.28 68.38
Spect T3 [C] 67.67 66.98 66.47 66.33 65.89 65.62 65.24 64.97 64.52 65.96 64.76 67.67 66.71 68.83 68.39
Spect T4 [C] 67.69 67.07 66.56 66.43 65.98 65.71 65.34 65.06 64.62 66.26 65.10 67.14 66.73 68.20 68.30
Spect T5 [C] 60.84 56.81 56.75 56.78
Spect T6 [C] 55.15 54.41 53.73 53.83 53.19 53.29 52.74 52.58 52.17 52.34 52.13 52.68 53.63 54.41 54.98
EU Temp [C] 57.84 57.00 56.62 56.52 56.28 56.08 55.81 55.57 55.27 55.27 55.13 55.51 56.39 57.44 57.94
Ecal Temp [DN] 2625 2625 2625 2625 2624 2625 2625 2624 2624 2623 2623 2625 2626 2626 2626
+5V EU [V] 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.09 5.05 5.05
+12V EU [V] 12.43 12.44 12.44 12.43 12.44 12.43 12.44 12.46 12.46 12.03 11.80 12.96 13.09 12.96 12.77
-12V EU [V] -12.34 -12.37 -12.35 -12.35 -12.35 -12.35 -12.38 -12.36 -12.37 -12.47 -12.56 -12.90 -13.04 -12.97 -12.87
+3.3V EU [V] 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.49 3.47 3.46
+24V EU [V] 23.03 24.87 23.56 24.28 24.83 23.03 23.03 23.02 23.02 25.79 25.79 25.81 24.76 24.76 24.76
+5V Ana EU [V] 5.22 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.22 5.22 5.22 5.22 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07
+5V Curr EU [A] 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.54 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.52 0.54 1.49 1.48 1.48 2.09 2.12 2.10
+12V Curr EU [A] 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.32 0.52 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.13
-12V Curr EU [A] 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
+24V Curr EU [A] 0.02 0.05 0.28 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.06
+3.3V Curr Eu [A] 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.55 0.55 0.54 1.27 1.27 1.26
+5V Ana Curr EU [A] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46
TLM Heating [V] 0.01 0.01 1.04 0.79 0.79 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.79 0.79 0.79
7-8
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
On, Power Lo
Up, Power Hi
Up Power Lo
CTS/ SMM
SMM Cont
Dual Cont
CTS/ Dual
MM Cont
Up Off
Mode/Housekeeping
Eng
Parameter
TLM RF [V] 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02
CTS V Ana 1 [V] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.48 2.48 2.48
CTS V Ana 2 [V] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.48 2.48 2.48
Cold Load 1 Temp [C] -29.48 -28.73 -28.43 -28.50 -29.03 -29.10 -28.95 -28.80 -29.18 -29.33 -29.40 -29.10 -28.65 -29.33 -30.00
Cold Load 2 Temp [C] -28.97 -28.22 -27.92 -27.92 -28.45 -28.52 -28.37 -28.30 -28.67 -28.75 -28.82 -28.60 -28.15 -28.75 -29.42
Warm Load 1 Temp [C] 49.01 48.56 48.78 48.78 48.78 46.89 44.61 43.02 40.98 38.86 39.46 37.80 36.14 34.55 33.57
Warm Load 2 Temp [C] 48.93 48.47 48.70 48.70 48.70 46.81 44.54 42.95 40.91 38.79 39.47 37.81 36.15 34.57 33.51
Telescope1 Temp [C] 23.08 23.08 23.08 23.08 23.08 23.08 23.08 23.08 23.08 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 22.93
Telescope2 Temp [C] 23.66 23.66 23.74 23.66 23.74 23.66 23.74 23.66 23.66 23.68 23.66 23.66 23.66 23.59 23.59
PLL Temp [C] 56.46 54.72 53.97 53.74 53.29 52.99 52.76 53.74 57.14 58.20 57.97 58.43 58.96 59.79 60.32
IFP Det Temp [C] 55.84 55.15 54.76 54.69 54.38 54.22 54.15 54.22 54.30 54.46 54.38 54.53 54.92 55.30 55.69
IFP Amp Temp [C] 55.56 54.88 54.43 54.28 54.05 53.90 53.75 53.82 53.90 54.05 53.97 54.05 54.58 55.03 55.34
SMM LO Gunn Temp [C] 43.71 42.41 41.64 41.26 40.96 40.65 40.27 42.26 43.33 44.32 44.02 44.63 45.01 44.93 44.78
MM LO Gunn Temp [C] 45.88 44.80 44.11 43.81 43.50 43.27 44.04 43.81 44.04 45.50 45.19 45.80 44.19 42.73 43.58
Motor Temp [C] 45.14 44.76 44.30 44.07 43.77 43.54 44.84 44.84 45.37 43.54 43.92 43.16 44.23 43.01 44.15
Sensor Elect. Temp [C] 59.09 58.24 57.63 57.32 57.09 56.86 56.56 56.48 56.48 56.63 56.56 56.71 56.94 57.17 57.55
Optical Bench Temp [C] 45.22 44.31 43.70 43.39 43.09 42.86 42.55 42.55 42.78 43.16 43.09 43.39 43.54 43.32 43.16
Cal Temp Low [DN] 487.0 487.0 487.0 487.0 487.0 487.0 487.0 487.0 487.0 486.0 486.0 487.0 487.0 487.0 486.0
Cal Temp High [DN] 3730 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731 3731
+5V SBEU [V] 5.17 5.18 5.17 5.18 5.17 5.17 5.13 5.14 5.09 5.09 5.09 5.09 4.93 4.93 4.89
+12V-1 SBEU [V] 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.24 12.31 12.24 12.38 12.37 12.37 12.37 11.89 11.89 11.91
+12V-2 SBEU [V] 12.04 12.03 12.04 12.04 12.03 12.03 11.94 11.93 11.84 11.84 11.84 11.84 11.93 11.93 11.84
-12V SBEU [V] -12.42 -12.43 -12.43 -12.43 -12.43 -12.43 -12.52 -12.48 -12.61 -12.61 -12.61 -12.61 -11.95 -11.94 -11.98
+5V Curr SBEU [A] 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.33 0.31 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.20 1.20 1.35
+12V Curr1 SBEU [A] 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.48 0.48 0.48
+12V Curr2 SBEU [A] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.34 0.40 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.40 0.40 0.73
-12V Curr SBEU [A] 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.18
MM Gunn Curr [mA] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 157.3 0.00 157.3 157.3 157.3 157.4 0.00 0.00 157.1
SMM Mult Curr [mA] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SMM PLL ERR [V] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 2.29 2.25 2.21
FS1 Err [V] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.70 2.71 2.71
FS2 Err [V] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.41 2.42 2.42
FS3 Err [V] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.67 2.69 2.70
SMM PLL Gunn Curr [mA] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 145.4 145.8 145.1 146.1 146.2 144.9 145.1 144.9
7-9
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Graphs of selected engineering housekeeping data as a function of instrument mode for the
“Cold” and “Hot” Measurements.
Figure 7.1-1: T1 Spectrometer (one of four thermistors—T1, T2, T3, T4—on the CTS
acoustic delay line section).
Figure 7.1-2: T6 Spectrometer (one of two thermistors—T5, T6—on the CTS electronics
section). The temperature in this section of the CTS follows the EU temperature.
7-10
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-11
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-12
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-13
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-14
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-15
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-16
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-17
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-18
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-19
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-20
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-21
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-22
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-23
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-24
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-25
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-26
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-27
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-28
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-29
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-30
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.2.4 Calibration
EGSE 2nd order polynomial fit of temperature as a function of raw data number (DN).
T[N] T[N] T[N]
Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Max.
A B C Residual
PRT Error
S/N PRT Location Subsys [C/DN2] [C/DN] [C] [C]
PE40 Spect 1 (T_BRANCHA1) EU 2.07883E-07 3.30314E-02 −19.726 0.078
PE41 Spect 2 (T_BRANCHA2) EU 2.08406E-07 3.29487E-02 −20.227 0.077
PE53 Spect 3 (T_BRANCHB1) EU 2.09061E-07 3.31136E-02 −19.123 0.072
PE55 Spect 4 (T_BRANCHB2) EU 2.07419E-07 3.29994E-02 −19.888 0.072
PE44 Spect 5 (T_ANATRAY1) EU 2.06196E-07 3.28688E-02 −20.823 0.076
PE62 Spect 6 (T_ANATRAY2) EU 2.04410E-07 3.30287E-02 −20.060 0.065
JF72 EU TEMP EU 2.10070E-07 3.28850E-02 −20.666 0.091
YK64 COLD-LOAD1 TEMP SU 9.04375E-07 7.08852E-02 −182.322 0.004
YK68 COLD-LOAD2 TEMP SU 9.05168E-07 7.13410E-02 −181.954 0.003
YG80 WARM-LOAD1 TEMP SU 1.04532E-06 6.92694E-02 −181.685 0.346
YK69 WARM-LOAD2 TEMP SU 1.03268E-06 6.92212E-02 −181.714 0.299
JF54 O/B TEMP SU 1.08622E-06 6.96198E-02 −182.487 0.09
JF73 TELESCOPE-1 TEMP SU 1.14824E-06 6.92175E-02 −182.003 0.268
LS46 TELESCOPE-2 TEMP SU 1.07134E-06 6.86548E-02 −183.325 0.542
LS54 PLL-TEMP (S/N 02) SBEU 8.26760E-07 7.01107E-02 −185.042 0.006
YK62 IFP-DET-T (smm) TEMP (SN02) SBEU 8.79567E-07 6.99528E-02 −183.799 0.003
YK60 IFP-AMP-T (mm) TEMP (SN02) SBEU 8.91920E-07 7.13595E-02 −183.029 0.004
LS41 SMM-LO-GUNN TEMP (SN02) SU 8.51491E-07 7.02587E-02 −184.653 0.004
HZ55 MM-LO-GUNN TEMP (SN02) SU 1.05513E-06 7.02858E-02 −182.608 0.064
JF57 MIRROR MOTOR TEMP SU 1.08123E-06 6.95330E-02 −182.631 0.088
JF70 SEN-EL TEMP SBEU 1.06962E-06 6.96692E-02 −182.699 0.083
7-31
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-32
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The USO Telemetry Heating Voltage and RF Voltage are not calibrated for
temperature and power.
7-33
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.2.5 Limits
The limits are based on values obtained during thermal vacuum testing at JPL.
The general approach was to set the soft limit at least 10% beyond the expected
difference between the maximum and minimum expected value and the hard limit
at least 20% beyond the expected values.
RSDB Hard
Telemetry Name Units Condition Hard Low Soft Low Soft High
Name High
Spect_T1 LMR10023 C CTS/Smm Cntm or −40.0 −35.0 80.0 85.0
CTS/Dual Cntm
Spect_T2 LMR20023 C CTS/Smm Cntm or −40.0 −35.0 80.0 85.0
CTS/Dual Cntm
Spect_T3 LMR30023 C CTS/Smm Cntm or −40.0 −35.0 80.0 85.0
CTS/Dual Cntm
Spect_T4 LMR40023 C CTS/Smm Cntm or −40.0 −35.0 80.0 85.0
CTS/Dual Cntm
Spect_T5 removed C Fails intermittently at
high temperatures
Spect_T6 LMR60023 C CTS/Smm Cntm or −40.0 −35.0 80.0 85.0
CTS/Dual Cntm
EU_Temp LMR00021 C TRUE for all modes −30 −20 50 60
ECal_Temp LMR00022 Raw TRUE for all modes 2585 2595 2630 2640
+5V_EU LMR00024 V TRUE for all modes 4.5 4.7 5.3 5.5
+12V_EU LMR00025 V TRUE for all modes 11.0 11.5 13.4 13.5
−12V_EU LMR00026 V TRUE for all modes −13.5 −13.2 −11.5 −11.0
+3.3V_EU LMR00027 V TRUE for all modes 2.9 3.1 3.6 3.7
+24V_EU LMR00029 V TRUE for all modes 22.0 22.5 26.5 27.0
+5V_Ana_EU LMR00028 V TRUE for all modes 4.5 4.7 5.3 5.5
+5V_Curr_EU LMR00030 A TRUE for all modes 0 0.1 3 3.3
+12V_Curr_EU LMR00031 A TRUE for all modes 0 0.01 0.8 0.9
−12V_Curr_EU LMR00032 A TRUE for all modes 0 0.01 0.11 0.113
+24V_Curr_EU LMR00035 A TRUE for all modes 0 0.01 0.8 0.83
+3.3V_Curr_EU LMR00033 A TRUE for all modes 0 0.01 2.0 3.0
+5V_Ana_Curr_EU LMR00034 A TRUE for all modes 0 0.01 0.8 1.0
TLM_Heating LMR00036 V TRUE for all modes 0.003 0.007 1.5 2.2
TLM_RF LMR00037 V TRUE for all modes 0.003 0.006 0.1 0.15
CTS_V_Ana_1 LMR10038 V CTS/Smm Cntm or 2.4 2.43 2.6 2.65
CTS/Dual Cntm
CTS_V_Ana_2 LMR20038 V CTS/Smm Cntm or 2.4 2.43 2.6 2.65
CTS/Dual Cntm
Cold_Load1_Temp LMR10039 C TRUE for all modes −183.0 −180.0 105.0 107.0
Cold_Load2_Temp LMR20039 C TRUE for all modes −183.0 −180.0 105.0 107.0
Warm_Load1_Temp LMR10040 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 75.0 85.0
Warm_Load2_Temp LMR20040 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 75.0 85.0
OB_Temp LMR00041 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 35.0 40.0
7-34
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
RSDB Hard
Telemetry Name Units Condition Hard Low Soft Low Soft High
Name High
PAY412-MIRO Temp 2 LMR00074 C MIRO off −30.0 −25.0 55.0 60.0
A Limits (Rosetta TRP)
PAY412-MIRO Temp 2 LMR00074 C TRUE for all modes −20.0 −15.0 40.0 45.0
A Limits (Rosetta TRP)
PAY413-MIRO Temp 2 LMR00075 C MIRO Off −30.0 −25.0 55.0 60.0
B Limits (Rosetta TRP)
PAY413-MIRO Temp 2 LMR00075 C TRUE for all modes −20.0 −15.0 40.0 45.0
B Limits (Rosetta TRP)
PAY414-MIRO Temp 1 LMR00076 C MIRO off −30.0 −25.0 55.0 60.0
A Limits (Rosetta TRP)
PAY414-MIRO Temp 1 LMR00076 C TRUE for all modes −20.0 −15.0 55.0 65.0
A Limits (Rosetta TRP)
Telescope1_Temp LMR00071 C TRUE for all modes −183.0 −180.0 105.0 107.0
Telescope2_Temp LMR00072 C TRUE for all modes −183.0 −180.0 105.0 107.0
PLL_Temp LMR00042 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 70.0 75.0
IFP_DET_Temp LMR00043 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 65.0 70.0
IFP_AMP_Temp LMR00044 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 65.0 70.0
SMM_LO_GUNN LMR00045 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 45.0 50.0
MM_LO_GUNN LMR00046 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 45.0 50.0
Motor_Temp LMR00047 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 100.0 150.0
Sen_El Temp LMR00048 C TRUE for all modes −30.0 −20.0 65.0 70.0
Cal_Temp_Low LMR00049 Raw TRUE for all modes 430 440 500 560
Cal_Temp_High LMR00050 Raw TRUE for all modes 3650 3700 3850 3900
+5V_SBEU LMR00051 V TRUE for all modes 4.5 4.7 5.3 5.5
+12V_1_SBEU LMR00052 V TRUE for all modes 11.0 11.5 12.6 13.0
+12V_2_SBEU LMR00054 V TRUE for all modes 11.0 11.5 12.5 13.0
−12V_SBEU LMR00053 V TRUE for all modes −13.0 −12.9 −10.8 −10.3
+5V_Curr_SBEU LMR00055 A TRUE for all modes 0.001 0.01 1.5 1.6
+12V_Curr_1_SBEU LMR00056 A TRUE for all modes 0.001 0.01 0.55 0.6
+12V_Curr_2_SBEU LMR00058 A TRUE for all modes 0.001 0.01 0.83 0.89
−12V_Curr_SBEU LMR00057 A TRUE for all modes 0.001 0.01 0.2 0.25
MM_GUNN_Curr LMR00063 mA Mm Cntm, Dual Cntm, 140.0 145.0 160.0 170.0
CTS/Dual Cntm
SMM_PLL_ERR LMR00059 V CTS/Smm Cntm or 1.0 2.0 2.75 3.3
CTS/Dual Cntm
FS1_ERR LMR00060 V CTS/Smm Cntm or 1.0 1.4 3.0 3.5
CTS/Dual Cntm
FS2_ERR LMR00061 V CTS/Smm Cntm or 1.0 1.4 3.0 3.5
CTS/Dual Cntm
FS3_ERR LMR00062 V CTS/Smm Cntm or 1.0 1.4 3.0 3.5
CTS/Dual Cntm
SMM_PLL_GUNN_Curr LMR00063 mA CTS/Smm Cntm or 110.0 115.0 150.0 160.0
CTS/Dual Cntm
7-35
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-36
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.3.1 Description
The submillimeter-wave spectroscopic frequencies allow simultaneous
observations of 8 spectral lines; H2O (556.936 GHz), H217O (552.021 GHz),
H218O (547.676 GHz), CO (576.268 GHz), NH3 (572.498 GHz), and CH3OH
(553.146, 568.566, 579.151 GHz). These lines are returned in seven down-
converted bands (defined by filters, see Section 9.3.4), that are spectrally analyzed
by the Chirp Transform Spectrometer (CTS).
Band 1 (1270 MHz): H2O
Band 2 (1300 MHz): H217O
Band 3 (1320 MHz): CH3OH (579.151 GHz)
Band 4 (1340 MHz): H218O
Band 5 (1363 MHz): CO
Band 6 (1389 MHz): CH3OH (568.566 GHz)
Band 7 (1407, 1425 MHz): NH3, CH3OH (553.146 GHz)
Spectroscopic data is generated in three of the MIRO operating modes:
1. CTS/Submillimeter-wave Continuum mode.
2. CTS/Dual continuum mode.
3. Asteroid mode.
Two types of data are returned.
1. Calibration data
2. Differenced frequency switched data.
Each digitized spectrum contains 4096, ~44 KHz wide channels (unless CTS
smoothing is invoked). Note that the precise channel width is temperature
dependent, as discussed in Section 9.4.
In addition to the spectroscopic data, additional related information is packaged in
the spectroscopic science file. The first CTS science packet contains the
operational mode, the science data type (in this case CTS data), the calibration
mirror location, the CTS multiplier value, the calibration indicator, and the LO
frequency setting. The last CTS science packet contains PLL alarm data for the
CTS scan. One byte of PLL alarm data will be present for each 5-second CTS
scan that is contained in the CTS data set.
7-37
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-38
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-39
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
CTS calibration Data: Shown above is a typical CTS calibration data. The vertical
scale is in counts (about 4107); the top horizontal scale in frequency (MHz); the
bottom horizontal scale is in channel numbers. The CTS calibration data shows
the structure of the IF band pass. The seven bands are indicated by the dotted
lines. Six of these scans are obtained for each calibration: (1) observing the hot
load at −5 MHz, (2) observing the hot load at +5 MHz, (3) observing the cold
load at −5 MHz, (4) observing the cold load at +5 MHz, (5) observing the source
position at −5 MHz, and (6) observing the source position at +5 MHz. Since the
count level is dominated by the receiver noise, these six scans look very similar.
The spike at 1364.7 MHz is internal to the instrument. Though unintentional, it
serves as a good indicator that the CTS pulse position is set correctly.
CTS differenced data is shown above. If there were no drift between the 5-second
LO switches the data would be at 0 counts. In this figure, it is slightly above 0
consistent with a linear increasing drift. The structure seen in the calibration data
has been cancelled out. The seven bands are indicated by the dotted lines. The
peak-to-peak signal is consistent with 30-second integration time, 44-kHz
bandwidth, and receiver noise temperature of about 5000 K.
The three MSB are the three frequency synthesizer alarms. The three LSB are the
three PLL alarms. For the frequency synthesizer alarm bits, 1 = locked and 0 =
alarm condition. For the PLL alarm bits, 0 = locked and 1 = alarm condition.
Since the number of bits was increased from four in the EQM to six in the flight, a
scheme was developed to consolidate the six bits down to four to generate the
same amount of returned telemetry. The three frequency synthesizer bits are
7-40
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
ANDed together upon their initial sampling on continuum sample number 1. If all
three bits are 1, indicating lock, then the initial value of the consolidated
frequency synthesizer bit will be 1. If any of the three frequency synthesizer bits
are 0, then the consolidated frequency synthesizer bit will be 0. The three PLL
alarm bits have an initial state that corresponds directly to the 0 or 1 returned from
the hardware. The table below shows the four bits that comprise the initial alarm
bit state as returned in the four MSB of the alarm data for each CTS scan:
These four bits show the initial state of the alarms as sampled during the first
continuum sample approximately 50 milliseconds into the CTS scan. There are 99
remaining continuum samples during the 5-second CTS scan. The four LSB of the
alarm data are used to indicate if the alarm bits ever change from their initial state
at any time during the remaining 99 samples. For the three PLL bits, it is very
straightforward. If the initial state ever changes, the “change bit” in the four LSB
will show a 1. If the PLL alarm never changes, then the “change bit” will show a
0. The final returned eight bits are shown below:
The consolidated frequency synthesizer change bit works as follows. If any of the
three initial frequency synthesizer bits changes from its initial value during the
CTS scan, the change bit will be set to 1. If none of the three bits change during
the scan, then the change bit will be set to 0. The three frequency synthesizer bits
were consolidated because it was determined that they were likely to be the most
stable of the six alarm bits. If the three frequency synthesizers are working
perfectly and never lose lock during a CTS scan, then the returned bit pair should
be 1-0. Since they are consolidated, it will not be possible to determine exactly
which one is losing lock should one or more of them lose lock. Since each of the
three PLL alarm bits is separately tracked, it will be possible to determine which
of them is losing lock during each scan.
7.1.3.4 Calibration
The absolute calibration of the instrument is obtained by observing two blackbody
loads at two different temperatures. The cold load is exposed to space, while the
hot target is located inside the spacecraft and can be heated. Calibration occurs
automatically about every 30 minutes.
For spectroscopic observations, the submillimeter-wave receiver is operated in a
“frequency switched” mode to eliminate residual baseline ripple. For half the
integration time, the signal frequency is shifted 5 MHz above the nominal
frequency, while the other half of the time it is shifted to 5 MHz below. The
7-41
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
frequency switching occurs every five seconds. The +5 MHz data (referred to as
LO1) are subtracted from the -5 MHz (LO0) data by the on-board computer.
The calibration data is not differenced. It consists of 6 scans each with 30 seconds
integration time.
1. Hot load with LO switched to −5 MHz
2. Hot Load with the LO switched to +5 MHz
3. Cold load with the LO switched to −5 Mhz
4. Cold Load with the LO switched to +5 MHz
5. Source with the LO switched to −5 MHz
6. Source with the LO switched to +5 MHz
7.1.4.1 Description
The submillimeter-wave receiver provides continuum data as well as
spectroscopic data. The submillimeter-wave continuum band is 1 GHz wide
centered at 569.813 GHz (USB) and 555.813 GHz (LSB), since the receiver is
double sideband.
Submillimeter-wave continuum data is taken in five MIRO operating modes.
1. Submillimeter Continuum mode.
2. Dual Continuum mode.
3. CTS/Submillimeter Continuum mode.
4. CTS/Dual Continuum mode.
5. Asteroid mode.
A continuous digitized stream of data is returned. The integration time per data
point defaults to 50. It is controlled by the continuum summing parameter in the
Change Mode telecommand. The data output will be summed over 50 ms
(one continuum value summed), 100 ms (two continuum values summed), 250 ms
(five continuum values summed), 500 ms (10 continuum values summed) or
1000 ms (20 continuum values summed). A fixed value may be subtracted from
these measurements depending on whether or not the Continuum Subtraction
Value telecommand has been executed. The subtraction value is contained in the
miscellaneous science file. When the summing value is set to either 1 or 2,
additional timestamps are placed in the continuum packet.
In addition to the spectroscopic data, additional related information is packaged in
the spectroscopic science file. The first CTS science packet contains the
operational mode, the science data type (in this case, submillimeter-wave
7-42
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-43
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-44
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.4.4 Calibration
The absolute calibration of the instrument is obtained by observing two blackbody
loads at two different temperatures. The cold load is exposed to space, while the
hot target is located inside the spacecraft and can be heated. Calibration occurs
automatically about every 30 minutes.
7-45
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.5.1 Description
The millimeter-wave receiver provides continuum data. The millimeter-wave
continuum band is 500 MHz wide centered at about 188.75 GHz (LSB) and
191.25 GHz (USB), since the receiver is double sideband. Note that the LO is not
locked so that these are as uncertain as the LO frequency.
Millimeter-wave continuum data is taken in four MIRO operating modes.
1. Millimeter Continuum mode.
2. Dual Continuum mode.
3. CTS/Dual Continuum mode.
4. Asteroid mode.
A continuous digitized stream of data is returned. The integration time per data
point defaults to 50. It is controlled by the continuum summing parameter in the
Change Mode telecommand. The data output will be summed over 50 ms
(one continuum value summed), 100 ms (two continuum values summed), 250 ms
(five continuum values summed), 500 ms (10 continuum values summed) or
1000 ms (20 continuum values summed). A fixed value may be subtracted from
these measurements depending on whether or not the Continuum Subtraction
Value telecommand has been executed. The subtraction value is contained in the
Miscellaneous Science file. When the summing value is set to either 1 or 2,
additional timestamps are placed in the continuum packet.
7-46
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-47
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.5.4 Calibration
The absolute calibration of the instrument is obtained by observing two blackbody
loads at two different temperatures. The cold load is exposed to space, while the
hot target is located inside the spacecraft and can be heated. Calibration occurs
automatically about every 30 minutes.
7.1.6.1 Description
The miscellaneous science telemetry contains parameters critical to analyzing the
data that are not captured in the other science files.
A Miscellaneous Science file is generated under the following circumstances:
1. Whenever a mode change takes place. This happens not only on a Mode
Change command, but also automatically with the following telecommands:
CTS Internal Cal, IFP Power Control, and Asteroid mode.
2. During autonomously executed calibration sequences that take place roughly
every 30 minutes following a Mode Change telecommand.
3. When the CTS Data Mask telecommand is executed.
7-48
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
4. When a CTS internal table calibration takes place. (Per this and item 1, the
CTS Internal Cal telecommand generates two MS packets, while the Asteroid
mode command, which has two mode changes and a cal, generates three.)
7-49
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-50
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Size Value
Data Element Comment
(bits) (binary)
PLL Lock Unsuccessful Counter 32 Varies The number of times that one or more of the 6 PLL lock
indicator bits were found to not be in lock when a CTS
scan was about to be started.
Reserved 2640 330 bytes Will use as required
7.1.7.1 Description
On receipt of a dump request, the defined area of memory is formatted as a Dump
Telemetry Report and transferred to the spacecraft.
7-51
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-52
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Data word
2 octets
Unsigned integer
7-53
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.8.1 Description
On receipt of a checksum request, the checksum of the contents of the defined
area of memory is calculated.
7-54
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-55
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The calccrc routine accesses memory one byte at a time, as each byte is then
processed individually within the routine. Accessing EEPROM memory via byte
accesses produces incorrect data 50% of the time. The following example
illustrates the problem. Suppose the first quadword of EEPROM located at
0xFF800000 contained the value 0xAABBCCDD. If one were to read the
following memory locations via byte accesses to locations 0xFF800000,
0xFF800001, 0xFF800002, and 0xFF800003, one would get 0xAA, 0xAA,
0xDD, and 0xDD, respectively. Craig Hatfield obtained these results by running
code on a flight rad6000.
7.1.9.1 Description
The MIRO On Progress Event Report is generated when the MIRO flight
software has come up normally and received a time synchronization TC packet
and the associated TSY pulse from the spacecraft.
7-56
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-57
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.10.1 Description
This Asteroid Mode Started Report is generated when the flight software begins
running the Asteroid mode sequence. This should correlate to the Asteroid mode
start time issued in the Asteroid mode TC.
7-58
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Asteroid Mode Started (Progress Event Report #2) Source Data Definition
Data Element RSDB Name Size (bits) Value (binary) Comment
Event ID (EID) NMRA0EID 16 1010011111111111 MIRO range given in EID-A 2.8. This
one is 43007. This is generated when
the flight software begins running the
Asteroid mode sequence. This should
correlate to the Asteroid mode start
time issued in the Asteroid mode TC.
7-59
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.11.1 Description
This Asteroid Mode Completed Report is generated when the flight software
completes the Asteroid mode sequence.
7-60
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Asteroid Mode Completed (Progress Event Report #3) Source Data Definition
Data Element RSDB Name Size (bits) Value (binary) Comment
Event ID (EID) NMRA0EID 16 1010100000000000 MIRO range given in EID-A 2.8. This
one is 43008. This is generated when
the flight software completes the
Asteroid mode sequence.
7-61
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.12.1 Description
Upon receipt of a connection test request, the Connection Test Report is generated
if the following was completed successfully after start-up.
1. Mirror driven to mechanical stop.
2. Mirror moved successfully to space position.
3. Time synch received or 60 seconds pass, whichever is first.
4. MIRO turned on housekeeping telemetry collection.
7-62
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-63
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.13.1 Description
This Mirror Error Report is generated when the mirror fails to achieve the desired
position, but then is successfully driven back and then positioned at the space
position.
7-64
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-65
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.14.1 Description
This Mirror Error Report is generated when the mirror fails to achieve the desired
position, is then driven back and then fails to find the space position.
7-66
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-67
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.15.1 Description
This Mirror Error Report is generated when the mirror fails to achieve the desired
position, is then driven back and then fails to find the space position, the pin
puller is activated and the space position located.
7-68
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-69
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.16.1 Description
This Mirror Error Report is generated when the mirror fails to achieve the desired
position, is then driven back and then fails to find the space position, the pin
puller is activated and the space position is not located.
7-70
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-71
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.17.1 Description
This Mirror Error Report is generated when a previous mirror failure was
recovered from and was followed by a subsequent failure.
7-72
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-73
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.18.1 Description
This CTS Error Report is generated when the CTS busy line is still high when it
should already have gone low indicating a scan completion.
7-74
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-75
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.19.1 Description
This report is generated when within four seconds of successful receipt of a
telecommand.
7-76
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-77
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.20.1 Description
This report is generated when failed to receive whole packet within timeout
period (2 seconds for OBDH bus).
7-78
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-79
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.21.1 Description
This report is generated when a packet has an incorrect check sum.
7-80
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-81
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.22.1 Description
This report is generated when a packet has an incorrect application ID.
7-82
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-83
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7.1.23.1 Description
This report is generated when a telecommand contains an invalid command code.
7-84
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-85
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
7-86
DATA OPERATIONS HANDBOOK (TELEMETRY)
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
8.2 REQUIREMENTS
There are no special requirements on the testbed. The intent is to keep the EQM in
a reasonable ready state to be able to troubleshoot the flight instrument. Thus far,
this has entailed maintaining an operational flight-like computer and power-on
capability. The optics are not required to be fully functional.
8-1
USE OF THE EQM AFTER LAUNCH
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
8-2
USE OF THE EQM AFTER LAUNCH
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9 SCIENCE DATA
9.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter is intended to be a reference for users of MIRO science data. It was
introduced in Version 4.5 of the Users Manual with just a few monographs
addressing topics of interest, with additional Sections added during each revision.
Topics anticipated to be added in later versions are:
Science data products. (Currently described in the MIRO Experimenter to
Planetary Science Archive Interface Control Agreement, RO-MIR-IF-0001,
available via the public Rosetta data archives hosted by ESA’s Planetary
Science Archive [PSA] and NASA’s Planetary Data System [PDS].)
Beam pattern.
Frequency calibration. (Currently summarized in the MIRO Experimenter to
Planetary Science Archive Interface Control Agreement, RO-MIR-IF-0001,
available via the public Rosetta data archives hosted by ESA’s Planetary
Science Archive [PSA] and NASA’s Planetary Data System [PDS].)
Pipeline data processing. (Currently described in the MIRO Experimenter to
Planetary Science Archive Interface Control Agreement, RO-MIR-IF-0001,
available via the public Rosetta data archives hosted by ESA’s Planetary
Science Archive [PSA] and NASA’s Planetary Data System [PDS].)
Special data processing.
Data quality flags. (Currently described in the MIRO Experimenter to
Planetary Science Archive Interface Control Agreement, RO-MIR-IF-0001,
available via the public Rosetta data archives hosted by ESA’s Planetary
Science Archive [PSA] and NASA’s Planetary Data System [PDS].)
9-1
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Note that we are not making the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation (which involves a
linear relation between brightness and physical temperature). Equation 1 is a
definition of antenna temperature regardless of whether the Rayleigh-Jeans law is
valid or not.
The response of the MIRO instrument is linear for the power levels it is expected
to encounter. In that case, there is a simple relation between antenna temperature
and the raw instrument counts that are reported. We use this fact later, but for ease
of reference, we state it here mathematically as:
D
TA T Eq. 2
G
where D is the counts reported by the instrument when observing a source, and G
and To are calibration coefficients (gain and offset, respectively) determined from
measurements of MIRO’s calibration targets. Gain has units of counts/K, and To
is in K.
Eq. 3
where
Ae effective area of antenna
B( , ) = brightness of source, Watts m -2 Hz-1 rad -2
PN ( ,, ) = normalized power pattern of antenna, dimensionless
d = sin( ) d d = element of solid angle, rad 2
The factor of 1/2 is introduced to account for the single polarization of the MIRO
receivers at both wavelengths, and making the assumption that the energy emitted
by whatever we are observing, B(,), is equally split between the polarizations.
To determine the antenna temperature calibration scale for MIRO, a three-
position switchable mirror can direct the input of the receivers to either the sky, a
warm calibration target, or a cold calibration target. The temperatures of the two
calibration targets are measured using platinum resistance thermometers. When
viewing the calibration targets, their brightness does not vary strongly over the
bandwidth of the MIRO receivers nor does it vary strongly over the beamwidth.
In that case, we can integrate Eq. 3 over frequency and solid angle and write for
the power received by the MIRO receivers
9-2
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
h 3 1
P Ae 2 h d A
c e kT 1
where
In this expression for the power, we have substituted the Planck brightness
function (as a function of the physical temperature) for the brightness. An
important detail to note is that at millimeter wavelengths, the MIRO cold
calibration target does not completely fill our beam. This requires us to apply a
correction factor which is discussed in MIRO Technical Note 3170, but it is
neglected for the tutorial presented here.
We next make use of a relation among antenna effective area, beam solid angle,
and the observing wavelength:
c2
Ae A = = 2
2
which can be derived from equilibrium considerations as discussed in Wilson
et al. 2009 (Tools of Radio Astronomy, 5th edition, published by Springer).
(Intuitively, one can see that a relation like this is plausible given that for a
circular dish collecting area goes as radius squared while the diffraction limited
beam size goes as (/radius)2.) Inserting this expression into the equation for
received power (assuming no losses), we can write for the received power per
Hertz of the calibration target
h
P/d = h /kT
Watts Hz-1
e -1
The power received from the calibration target, expressed as an antenna
temperature, can now be written as
1 h x
TA = h /kT
=T x Eq. 4
ke -1 (e 1)
where
h
x= .
kT
This equation for TA gives the power received from a calibration target but not the
antenna temperature from an observed source. To determine the temperature from
an observed source, the gain of the receiver needs to be calibrated using the
calibration targets and sky, or some combination of the three.
9-3
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
1 h
TAC = h /kTC
ke -1
The units of G are in counts per K (antenna temperature). Since receiver noise
power is included in DW and DC , it is removed by taking the difference in the
numerator.
In order to compute the antenna temperature of the source, it is necessary to
define a reference. For example, if we take the reference to be the number of
counts when viewing the warm load (DW), and D the number of counts when
viewing the source, then
D DW
TAW
G
is the difference in antenna temperature between the source and the warm load.
The difference can be positive or negative depending on whether the source is
stronger or weaker than the signal power from the warm load. As noted above, the
receiver noise power is removed in the subtraction process.
Since the antenna temperature from the warm load is TAW the antenna temperature
of the source can be written as
TAsource = TAW + TAW
9-4
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-5
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
h
x .
kT
The series expansion for TA is given by
x 1 2
TA = T ( 1- + x - ...)
2 12
xT 1
TA = T- + Tx 2 - ...) = T - Delta
2 12
where
xT 1
Delta = ( - Tx 2 + ...) .
2 12
In the limit where x << 1, TA converges to the physical temperature, T, of the
target. This is the previously mentioned Rayleigh-Jeans limit, appropriate for low
frequencies and high temperatures. This approximation is not valid at the high
frequencies and low physical temperature of objects MIRO typically observes,
nor are the objects being looked at perfect blackbodies. For this reason, the
antenna temperature of an object, even if it fills MIRO’s beam, is different than
the physical temperature.
The table below shows how the antenna temperature deviates from the target
physical temperature for the two frequencies used in the MIRO experiment and
for a range of temperatures that the MIRO experiment will be viewing. The
parameter x is substantially different from zero under these conditions. It is
absolutely necessary to use the full expression (or the series expansion) for P/d
to relate it to physical temperature. It can be noted that for physical temperatures
~50 K and above, the antenna temperatures at 190 GHz and 556.9 GHz are lower
than the physical temperatures by about 4.5 K and 12–13 K, respectively.
Frequency T - TA
(GHz) T = 2.7 K T = 50 K T = 100 K T = 150 K T = 300 K
190 2.378 4.421 4.490 4.513 4.536
556.9 2.699 12.179 12.769 12.967 13.165
A final thing to keep in mind when interpreting antenna temperatures is that they
are based on the full field-of-view of the instrument. If an object that fills our
beam yields an antenna temperature of 300 K, that same object filling only half of
our beam would result in an antenna temperature of 150 K.
9-6
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-7
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
due to frequency switching, with the plus 5 MHz setting shown as short dashes,
the minus 5 MHz setting shown as long dashes. Labels identify each species
observed.
If every sky frequency observed by MIRO contained the same amount of power,
and the instrument were perfectly calibrated, the points at which the normalized
transmission of each filter are equal would mark the boundaries between bands.
The equations of Section 9.4 could then be used to calculate the sky frequency
from which most of the emission is coming within each band. These cross-over
points are listed in Table 9.3-1. See MIRO Technical Note TN3067 for additional
discussion of this. The pseudo-SNR approach discussed in that document yields
cross-over points identical to those given here to within 0.1 kHz.
9-8
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
In the above table, note that the lowest and highest frequencies are listed as 0 and
infinity. This is because there is no adjacent filter to “cross-over” on the low and
high sides of the spectrometer input. Instead, the IF frequency associated with
the first and last spectrometer channel—as calculated using expressions in Section
9.4—should be used for band boundaries. Those frequencies are temperature
dependent, but the low- and high-frequency limits will be near 1260 and
1440 MHz, respectively.
For future reference, the model spectra shown in Figure 9.3-1 assume a
spherically symmetric nucleus and coma, producing 1.0 1028 water molec/sec
moving radially at 1 km/s. The nucleus radius is 1 km, and the instrument line-of-
sight is taken to be limb-sounding the nucleus (impact parameter 1.2 km) from
1000 km away. Coma gas temperature (kinetic and excitational) is 100 K. The
abundance of the species, relative to water, is assumed to be:
H217O = 4.0 10-4
H218O = 2.0 10-3
CH3OH = 0.04
CO = 0.05
NH3 = 0.01
The brightness temperature plotted is a Rayleigh-Jeans temperature. These model
calculations were made in 1999 using radiative transfer software originally
developed by R. Redman and modified by M. Hofstadter.
9-9
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-10
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-11
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Figure 9.4-1: The basic elements of the smm heterodyne receiver system.
The RF Input from the telescope is combined with the Local Oscillatory (LO)
signal at frequency flo in the Mixer. The mixer down-converts the RF Input signal
to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal which is then fed into a low noise
amplifier (LNA). The signal at the first IF frequency, fif, arises from signal
frequencies both greater than and less flo, namely (flo - fif ) and (flo + fif ).
Receivers whose first IF frequencies contain RF signal frequencies both greater
than and less than the LO frequency are called Double Sideband receivers. It is
common to say that the RF spectrum has been folded. The important point to
remember is that a single frequency in the IF spectrum originates from two
different frequencies in the RF spectrum. In the MIRO receiver, the IF spectrum
covers a frequency range from 5 GHz to 16 GHz. The overall frequency coverage
in the RF is 22 GHz, divided between two frequency bands.
Following amplification, the IF signal is fed into a complex processor module
called the Intermediate Frequency Processor or IFP. The IFP extracts small
frequency segments from the IF band and shifts their frequencies so that all of the
frequency segments are contiguous and covering 180 MHz. The frequency
segments are chosen to contain the eight spectral lines of interest for the MIRO
instrument. The eight spectral lines are given in Table 1.1-1 and repeated below.
9-12
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The output frequency band from the IFP is fed directly into the CTS where the
spectral power in the 180 MHz band is determined and output in each of the 4096
channels or bins of the CTS. To determine how RF spectral power at the input to
the telescope is mapped into channel numbers at the output of the CTS, it is
necessary to know the mapping algorithms used in the 1) heterodyne receiver,
2) the IFP, and in the CTS. Items 1 and 2 can be lumped together into a single
algorithm for each band.
9-13
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Table 9.4-3 provides the primary list of molecules targeted in the MIRO
experiment and RF frequency ranges mapped into the output of the IFP.
9-14
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
F=aT+bN+cNT+d
9-15
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
where
F = IF input frequency in MHz,
T = temperature of the SAW devices specified in the MIRO data base as
spect_t1,
N = Bin or Channel number ranging from 0 – 4095.
a, b, c, and d are fitted parameters given in the following table.
Table 9.4-6: Band boundaries, RF and IF Center Frequencies, and Direction Factor for
Conversion Between the IF and RF Frequency
RF Center IF Center Lower Upper
Band Molecule Direction
(GHz) (GHz) Channel Channel
1 H216O 556.936 1.270 3388 4095 1
2 H217O 552.021 1.300 2924 3306 1
3 CH3OH 579.151 1.320 2457 2843 −1
4 H218O 547.676 1.339 2018 2399 1
5 CO 576.268 1.363 1359 1933 1
6 CH3OH 568.566 1.389 881 1263 1
7 NH3 572.498 1.407 * 879 −1
8 CH3OH 553.146 1.425 0 * 1
9-16
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
These calibration data are included in the CODMAC Level-2 data files as part of
the time sequence. They are flagged by a Calibration field in the header columns.
Each calibration sequence includes collecting 30 seconds of data on an internal
warm calibration target, 30 seconds on an internal cold calibration target, and
30 seconds on the sky wherever the instrument boresight is pointed during the
sequence. The continuum Summation parameter and, if in a spectroscopic mode,
the CTS Smoothing parameter, are applied during calibration observations. If the
CTS is on, frequency switching is performed during calibration observations
but—unlike during normal science observations—the two LO settings are not
subtracted from each other. Instead, one spectrum is returned for each of the two
LO settings (each representing a 15-second integration). Thus, there are two
spectra returned on the warm load, two from the cold load, and two on the sky.
The number of continuum packets returned on each calibration target depend on
the Summation parameter: three are returned for Summation=0, two for
Summation=1, and one for Summation=2 or 3. These data are used to determine
the relation between instrument counts and absolute flux units. Flux is reported as
a Rayleigh-Jeans brightness temperature in Kelvin. The brightness temperature is
related to, but not the same as, the physical temperature of the target (see Section
9.2 for a detailed discussion).
9-17
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-18
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-19
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-20
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
target, such as the comet nucleus or a calibration target, roughly equal amounts of
power are received in each sideband. A spectral line, however, only exists in one
of the sidebands, so the effective CTS gain for that line is only half of what it is
for the calibration signal which exists in both sidebands.)
In a perfect instrument, frequency-switched spectra would have a baseline
brightness (where there is no spectral feature from the comet) of 0 K. Due to a
systematic offset between the calibration parameters at each LO setting,
differenced spectroscopic data typically have a small positive bias, with the
baseline being at about 2 K. (The rms scatter in a typical 30-second spectrum is
larger than this. See Section 9.7 for a discussion of error bars associated with
calibrated data.) This baseline also can vary in some IF frequency bands (defined
in Section 9.3.2) due to an amplifier instability. In software Versions 1 and 2, we
leave these non-zero baselines in the calibrated data because they may be of
interest for future engineering uses.
For completeness, we note that earlier versions of calibrated CTS data, instead of
averaging instantaneous gains, just used a linear interpolation in time to calibrate
each science spectrum. As with the continuum data, this unnecessarily added
noise, so the newer algorithm should always be used.
In Software Version 3.0
In MIRO Pipeline Software Version 3.0 (used to generate Level 3 Version 3
products), the spectral baseline is removed from the spectra generated by
Software Version 2.0. Note that we use the “common frequency grid,” also
referred to as the interpolated frequency grid, in Version 3 products. (The
frequency response of MIRO’s spectrometer is temperature dependent—see
Section 9.4.3—so the common frequency scale interpolates all observations to the
same intermediate frequencies.) The region around each of the eight spectral lines
observed is treated independently, and each spectrum is treated independently.
As is commonly done with spectral data, channels on either side of the emission
feature are used to estimate a linear spectral baseline having slope and intercept,
and this linear function is subtracted from the spectral region. This results in the
spectral lines appearing in a flat baseline with zero average brightness. Table
9.5-2 provides details on what channel numbers are associated with each spectral
feature for purposes of calculating a baseline. With two exceptions, the baseline is
calculated by averaging the lowest 10% of channel numbers in a band and the
highest 10% of channel numbers, and fitting a line to those two points. The first
exception involves Band 1, the H2O line. In this case, the highest 15 channel
numbers are ignored, due to those channels almost always containing no data
(only when the CTS is at an unusual temperature are those frequencies sampled).
The second exception involves Band 6, which contains both a CH3OH line and an
NH3 line, with the NH3 line appearing at the lowest edge of the band. For this
band, channels 754 to 804 are used to calculate the low-channel-number baseline
point, and the same linear fit is used for both lines.
9-21
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-22
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
During analysis of MIRO data at the comet, however, it is seen that the beam is
routinely offset relative to the comet from where it is expected to be. Figure 9.6-1
shows an analysis of 91 raster maps of the nucleus made in 2015. For each
observed map, a model of the nucleus (based on shape model
OSIRIS_SHAP7_1.6) is fit to the map. The nucleus appears displaced in both the
millimeter and submillimeter beams by a similar amount. At the time of this
writing (August 2017), we cannot say what causes this residual offset.
Possibilities include a potentially time-varying MIRO alignment, flexing of the
spacecraft, or errors in the spacecraft or comet ephemerides. It should be noted
that other instruments report pointing offsets of similar magnitude, and the
Rosetta Project is investigating. We conclude that
Using the MIRO boresight alignment information given in the above table,
along with the Rosetta Project’s reconstructed SPICE kernels (described in
Section 9.6.2), can result in MIRO’s beams being—relative to the comet—
0.025 degrees (1.5 arcsec) away from their expected location.
The relative positions of the MIRO millimeter and submillimeter beams are,
however, accurate to 0.0017 degrees (0.1 arcsec).
In 2015, the residual offset can be corrected for by assuming the MIRO
submillimeter beam has an additional offset from the above tabulated values
of 0.0223 ± 0.0042 degrees (1.34 ± 0.25 arcsec) along the spacecraft x-axis
and -0.0033 ± 0.0058 degrees (-0.2 ± 0.35 arcsec) along the spacecraft y-axis.
The millimeter beam has offsets of 0.0223 ± 0.0057 degrees (1.34 ± 0.34
arcsec) along the spacecraft x-axis and -0.0053 ± 0.0068 degrees (-0.32 ±
0.41) arcsec along the spacecraft y-axis. We have not performed this analysis
for any other years, and cannot speculate on systematic pointing offsets at
other times.
9-23
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Figure 9.6-1: Apparent offset of the comet nucleus from its expected
location in 91 raster maps made by MIRO during 2015.
9-24
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
where the “3” in the directory name indicates it is a CODMAC Level 3 product,
and V1.0 indicates it is the first data set of that level for the ESC1 mission phase
delivered for public release. Note that the version number in the PSA/PDS
directory names is different from the MIRO Pipeline software version number
that generated the data products.
2015 indicates:
CORB_DV_185_01_______00261.BSP
ROS_140501_STEP.TSC
DE405.BSP
ROS_160929_STEP.TSC
9-25
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
EARTHFIXEDIAU.TF
ROS_CGS_RSOC_V03.TPC
NAIF0010.TLS
ROS_MIRO_V10.TI
NAIF0011.TLS
ROS_V26.TF
RATT_DV_185_01_01____00261.BC
RS_ROT_PARAM_20m.tpc
RORB_DV_185_01_______00261.BSP
2016 indicates:
CORB_DV_257_02_______00344.BSP
ROS_160929_STEP.TSC
DE405.BSP
ROS_CGS_RSOC_V03.TPC
EARTHFIXEDIAU.TF
ROS_MIRO_V10.TI
NAIF0011.TLS
ROS_V26.TF
RATT_DV_257_02_01____00344.BC
RS_ROT_PARAM_20m.tpc
RORB_DV_257_02_______00344.BSP
As of May 2018, the only PSA/PDS data sets generated with MIRO Pipeline
SW_VERSION=2.0 are ones designated as CODMAC Level 3 Version 2.0 for the
PRL and ESC1 mission phases. A sample directory name is RO-C-MIRO-3-PRL-
67P-V2.0, where it must be remembered that the version number in the PSA/PDS
directory names is not always the same as the MIRO SW_VERSION field used to
generate the data.
The geometry parameters calculated by the SW_VERSION=2.0 or 3.0 MIRO
software include (note that the only difference between the software versions is
that the bad data flag is -999.9 in Version 2.0 and -999.0 in Version 3.0):
BS_X_ANG: Angle between MIRO boresight and comet center projected
on the MIRO x-axis (-360 to +360 deg with positive angles measured
counterclockwise from the x-axis towards the y-axis).
BS_Y_ANG: Angle between MIRO boresight and comet center projected
on the MIRO y-axis (-360 to +360 deg with positive angles measured
counterclockwise from the y-axis towards the negative x-axis).
BS_Z_ANG: Angle between MIRO boresight and the spacecraft to comet-
center line (0 to 90 degrees).
DIST: Distance between the spacecraft and comet center (km).
EMI_ANG: Emission angle (0 to 90 deg): Angle between surface normal
and MIRO boresight. Set to -999.9 (-999.0) in SW_VERSION 2.0 (3.0)
when FOUND_INTERSECTION=0.
FOUND_INTERSECTION: Set to 1 when MIRO boresight intercepts
shape model. Otherwise, set to 0.
LOCAL_SOLHA: Solar hour angle (0 to 24). Angle between surface
normal at boresight location and the Sun measured in hours. 0 is midnight
and 12 is Noon. Set to -999.9 (-999.0) in SW_VERSION 2.0 (3.0) if
FOUND_INTERSECTION=0.
9-26
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-27
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-28
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The above uncertainties represent random errors associated with each 50 msec
sample, including the random measurement errors made when observing our
calibration targets. In addition to the above rms uncertainty, there are several
possible systematic errors.
The largest systematic biases are thought to arise from spillover effects around the
primary and secondary mirrors, discussed in detail in Section 9.9. As discussed
there, we believe most millimeter and submillimeter antenna temperatures
reported are about 4% lower than they should be. This bias depends on several
factors, some of which are not well known or time varying, so we have not
attempted to correct this in our data products. This bias affects both wavelengths
similarly, so while absolute antenna temperatures need adjusting, the relative
brightness of the two channels is correct.
A second potential systematic bias may affect the calibration of the millimeter
data. As discussed in Appendix A, and summarized in Section 9.5.2 (see Eq. 4), a
design error causes the millimeter beam to sample some of the supporting
structure when looking at the cold calibration target. A correction (the so-called
w-factor) is applied, but that factor is itself uncertain. We believe any residual
errors are less than 1%.
Another potential systematic bias may arise when looking at targets whose
brightness temperature is very different than the brightness of our calibration
targets. This can be thought of as an extrapolation error and is the reason
Table 9.7-1 accounts for two temperature regimes. This error source can be at
least partially mitigated by using observations of empty sky. In calibration
software versions 3.0 and above, these sky measurements are used to update the
calibration equation (see Section 9.5.2). Even with this improvement, the random
errors indicated in Table 9.7-1 are still present.
A final comment about Table 9.7-1 is that it reports the uncertainty on the
50 msec continuum samples. Experimentally, it has been determined that MIRO’s
continuum channels are typically stable for several seconds. This allows a user to
time-average continuum data and reduce rms noise levels. We estimate the
uncertainty on a 5-second average to be about three times smaller than those
reported in Table 9.7-1 in the high temperature limit, and about 1.3 times smaller
in the low temperature limit. This is much less of an improvement than one would
expect from averaging pure Gaussian noise (which scales as the square-root of the
integration time) because of systematic errors. We note that MIRO is typically
calibrated every ~30 minutes, so we cannot accurately track variations with a time
scale less than that, and calibration errors are strongly correlated on that time
9-29
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-30
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
~20%, but this bias due to side-band ratios will not add any spectral structure
across a feature.
VD = c / RFline * (Fline – F)
9-31
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
Fline is the rest frequency of the line in the IF (to convert the sky frequency, RFline,
to Fline, use expressions in Section 9.4.2 or values listed in Table 9.4-6). The
velocity grid is truncated to the range of −4 km/s to 4 km/s.
9-32
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
We now consider MIRO’s beam pattern, which describes how the signal coming
from the primary mirror is distributed on the sky. The antenna temperature
(neglecting the losses described above) is a convolution of this beam pattern with
the source. Figure 9.9-1 shows MIRO’s beam patterns as measured in the lab
prior to launch. The numerical data are available from the Rosetta data archive
maintained by NASA’s Small Bodies Node of the Planetary Data System, and
from ESA’s Planetary Science Archive. (In particular, see the “Documents”
9-33
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
9-34
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
The empirical fits to the beam patterns shown in Fig. 9.9-2 are given by the
equations below. For the most demanding applications, the full two-dimensional
beam patterns shown in Fig. 9.9-1 should be used. In the expressions that follow,
θ is the angle off the boresight in degrees, and G is the antenna gain in dB,
normalized to a peak value of 0.
9-35
SCIENCE DATA
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
where
a 81.7339
b 96.6409
c 100.4374
d 2.0102
Note that the central Gaussian pattern corresponds to a beam with Full Width at
Half Maximum (FWHM) of 0.3838 degrees. This is slightly smaller than the
FWHM assumed when retrieving the MIRO boresight using lunar data (discussed
in Section 9.6.1).
G b c
d for 0.91 degrees
where
a 773.108
b 106.9089
c 94.1939
d 1.8776
e 30.3756
f 22.8370
9-36
SCIENCE DATA
Appendix A,
MIRO Calibration
This page is intentionally left blank
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-1
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-2
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-3
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-4
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-5
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-6
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-7
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-8
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-9
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-10
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-11
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-12
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-13
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-14
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-15
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-16
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-17
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-18
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-19
APPENDIX A
Reference: RO-MIR-PR-0030
ROSETTA Issue: 7 Rev: 0
Date: 31 August 2018
A-20
APPENDIX A