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100% found this document useful (13 votes)
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Ancient Secrets of the Flower of Life

This document provides acknowledgements and thanks to the many individuals who helped bring this work to completion. It recognizes friends, family members, teachers, editors, and others for their support and contributions. The preface states that long ago humanity fell from a high state of consciousness and is now beginning to remember truths about creation and spirituality. The introduction explains that the purpose is to help people understand events affecting consciousness and how we live today, and to inspire remembering our true selves and purpose.

Uploaded by

Aline Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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100% found this document useful (13 votes)
14K views235 pages

Ancient Secrets of the Flower of Life

This document provides acknowledgements and thanks to the many individuals who helped bring this work to completion. It recognizes friends, family members, teachers, editors, and others for their support and contributions. The preface states that long ago humanity fell from a high state of consciousness and is now beginning to remember truths about creation and spirituality. The introduction explains that the purpose is to help people understand events affecting consciousness and how we live today, and to inspire remembering our true selves and purpose.

Uploaded by

Aline Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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