Dr. Lydia Fadol and Prof.

Jossel Blanco

Environmental Awareness and Protection

National Service Training Program 1 – Common Module | October 10, 2021
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this modular unit, students are expected to:

 Gain, verbalize concepts, and principles of Environmental

Education;

 Value the importance of Environmental Education as a way

of developing the youth to be good citizens;

 Educate students about Climate Change phenomenon ,

understand and encourage to change their behavior and
help them adapt to what is already a global emergency.

 To demonstrate that daily activities can collectively make a

big difference and that each individual has a role to play in
the fight against climate change.
SCOPE OF INSTRUCTIONS
Basic knowledge and understanding on the following:

 Environmental Awareness and Protection (Intro)

 Climate Change and Global Warming (with Definition of Terms)
 Environmental Education
 Related Environmental Laws (International Agreements added)
 Seven Principles of Environment
 Air Pollution Prevention
 Greening Management (Forest Protection, Conservation and
Development)
 Water Management (Water Sanitation and Conservation)
 Environmental Protection and Management
 The Role of the Youth in the Environmental Protection and Management
Video to play
Super Typhoon Yolanda
November 6 – 17, 2013 – Eastern Visayas

FINAL REPORT (est. 2014):

Reported dead - 6, 300
Injured - 28, 688
Still missing - 1, 062

 Since 1970 to 2013, 720 tropical cyclones hit the Philippines.

 It was one of the strongest and disastrous tropical cyclone.
 Typhoon Yolanda is the worst typhoon based on NDRMMC records.
 Php93B damages (infrastructure, productive, social and cross sectoral)
God our Creator, loves us so much. Ramdam mo ba?
God created everything in the world…
God created the most special creation…

“human beings”
INCREASE IN GLOBAL AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE
Due to human activities. Carbon dioxide emission.
Update
Update
 THE ROLE OF HUMAN ACTIVITY
In its Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, a group of 1,300 independent scientific experts
from countries all over the world under the auspices of the United
Nations, concluded there's a more than 95% probability that
human activities over the past 50 years have warmed our planet.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE

“Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the

1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over
decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed,
the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has
risen.”

“Human influence on the climate system is clear, and recent

anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are the highest in
history. Recent climate changes have had widespread impacts on
human and natural systems.”
 Impacts of
Climate Change
 GLOBAL TEMPERATURE RISE

The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 2.12 degrees Fahrenheit (1.18
degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon
dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and other human activities.
The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on record.
GLACIAL RETREAT
 DECLINING ARCTIC SEA ICE

Image: Visualization of the 2012 Arctic sea ice minimum, the lowest on record.
WARMING OCEANS
DECREASED SNOW COVER
EXTREME EVENTS
SHRINKING ICE SHEETS
SEA LEVEL RISE

Kiribati, the first country rising sea levels will swallow up

as a result of climate change
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
AND CORAL BLEACHING
Scientists attribute the global warming trend observed since the mid-
20th century to the human expansion of the "greenhouse effect" —
warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from
Earth toward space. (nasa.gov)

Causes of Climate Change

Effects of Climate Change
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Global warming - refers to the long-term warming of

the planet’s temperature.
 Climate change - encompasses global warming, but
refers to the broader range of changes that are
happening to our planet, including rising sea levels;
shrinking mountain glaciers; accelerating ice melt in
Greenland, Antarctica and the Arctic; and shifts in
flower/plant blooming times.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Environmental Degradation - is the disintegration of the
earth or deterioration of the environment through the
consumption of assets, for example, air, water and soil;
the destruction of environments and the eradication of
wildlife.
 Environmental Conservation - protects the environment
through the responsible use of natural resources.
 Environmental Preservation - protects the environment
from harmful human activities.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Climate Change Mitigation means avoiding and reducing
emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere to prevent the planet from warming to more
extreme temperatures.
 Climate Change Adaptation means altering our behavior,
systems, and—in some cases—ways of life to protect
our families, our economies, and the environment in
which we live from the impacts of climate change.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Green House Gases (GHGs) trap the infrared radiation
coming from the Sun and prevent it from escaping to
outer space. They reradiate it back to Earth’s
atmosphere. They are responsible for increasing the
temperature of the atmosphere. Major greenhouse
gases are:Carbon dioxide, Water Vapour, Methane,
Ozone, Nitrous oxide, Chlorofluorocarbons.
 Noun: open to attack or damage

The country’s (Philippines) vulnerability to climate change is made

worse by poverty, its lack of knowledge and means to protect itself,
and its inability to cope and manage its surroundings. – Rappler 2016
 “Philippines and the
Environment”
As cited in the
Philippine Climate Change Commission Report,
major institutions have provided their projections about
the country’s environmental condition.
Philippines and the Environment
Understanding. Learning. Openness. Doing. Living it out. Ecological Conversion.
Environmental Education refers to organized efforts to teach about
how natural environments function and how human beings can
manage their behavior and ecosystems in order to live sustainably.
 Environmental Education is a learning process that increases
people's knowledge and awareness about the environment and
associated challenges, develops the necessary skills and expertise to
address the challenges, and fosters attitudes, motivations, and
commitments to make informed decisions and take responsible
action. (UNESCO, Tbilisi Declaration, 1978)
Environmental Education is a process that allows individuals to
explore environmental issues, engage in problem solving, and take
action to improve the environment.
 Environmental Education
[Source: https://www.gdrc.org/uem/ee/1-1.html]

The components of environmental education are:

1. Awareness and sensitivity to the environment and
environmental challenges.
2. Knowledge and understanding of the environment and
environmental challenges
3. Attitudes of concern for the environment and motivation to
improve or maintain environmental quality.
4. Skills to identify and help resolve environmental challenges
5. Participation in activities that lead to the resolution of
environmental challenges
Therefore:
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future.
Kapag nakita natin
ang kahalagahan
ng
“Environmental
Education”
mauunawaan natin
na dapat NGAYON
kumilos na tayo
upang –

MAPROTEKSYUNAN
ANG TAO,
ANG BAYAN AT
ANG KALIKASAN.
 Related Laws in Promoting
Environment Education
(added International agreements on Environment)
Environmental Education

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9512

“NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND EDUCATION ACT OF 2008“.

“…Consistent with the policy of the State to protect and advance

the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in
accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature, and in
recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation
building and the role of education ..” (sec. 2)
 Environmental Education

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003

“ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000”

“This is an act providing for an ecological solid waste

management program, creating the necessary institutional
mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and
providing penalties, appropriating funds thereof, and for other
purposes.” (sec. 2)
Water Management

REPUBLIC ACT 9275

“PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004”

“..The State shall pursue a policy of economic growth in a

manner consistent with the protection, preservation
and revival of the quality of our fresh, brackish and marine
waters…” (sec 2)
Twenty two years ago, January 1999, a group of concerned citizens, led by UP Law Credits: Rappler
students, filed an ambitious lawsuit in a trial court south of Manila. The petitioners,
including the Manila Bay residents of the tahong (mussels) and talaba (oysters),
sued practically the entire Philippine government for a simple prayer: Please clean
up Manila Bay.

The Court even gave it a nice new name – a continuing mandamus. It means
that all 13 government agencies were ordered to report the clean-up progress to
the Supreme Court every 3 months. This will continue until the Manila Bay's
waters are fit for swimming. That Court judgment was 10 years ago – December
2008.

Mandamus of the Supreme Court

Please clean up Manila Bay.

“Septic Tank”
Air Quality Management

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749

“PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999”

An act providing for a comprehensive air pollution

control policy and for other purposes.
Biodiversity Management

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147

“WILDLIFE RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION ACT OF 2001”.

An act providing for the conservation and protection of

wildlife resources and their habitats, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes.
Greening Management

Republic Act No. 9175

“CHAINSAW ACT OF 2002”

“…..the State shall pursue an aggressive forest protection

program geared towards eliminating illegal logging and other
forms of forest destruction which are being facilitated with the use
of chainsaws.”
*PD 953 and National Greening Program
during the term of Late President Ninoy Aquino
TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS RA 6969

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6969

“TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTES CONTROL
ACT OF 1990.”

“…It is the policy of the State to regulate, restrict or prohibit the importation,
manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical
substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or
the environment; to prohibit the entry, even in transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and their
disposal into the Philippine territorial limits for whatever purpose; and to provide advancement and facilitate
research and studies on toxic chemicals…” (Sec 2)
Environmental Celebrations
January: Cleanliness Awareness Month
March: World Water Day, Earth Hour
April: Arbor Day and Earth Day Celebration
June: Environment Month
September: International Coastal Clean Up
November: Clean Air Month
CMO NO. 33, SERIES 2009
Paris Agreement for Climate Change is a legally binding
international treaty on climate change. It global commitment to fight
the climate crisis.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the

United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate
change.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the

Global Goals, were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a
universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and
ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is the
landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and
consumption of nearly 100 man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting
substances (ODS).
Seven Environmental Principles
Gerald G. Marten (2001) on Human Ecology - Basic Concepts for Sustainable Development -Chapter 1 - Introduction

“Ecology is the science of

relationships between
living organisms and their
environment. ”
Gerald G. Marten (2001) on Human Ecology - Basic Concepts for Sustainable Development -Chapter 1 - Introduction

“Human ecology is about

relationships between
people and their
environment.”
1. Nature knows best.
2. All forms of life is important.
3. Everything is connected to everything else.
4. Everything changes.
5. Everything must go somewhere.
6. Ours is a finite earth.
7. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards
of God’s creation.
“Community Ecological Conversion”
 Greta Thunberg, in full Greta Tintin Eleonora She’s a youth.
Ernman Thunberg
 Born January 3, 2003
 Swedish environmental activist who worked to
address the problem of climate change
 At 15, she founded (2018) a movement known as
Fridays for Future (also called School Strike for
Climate)
 With Autism, people with Asperger syndrome tend
to focus deeply on one idea or interest, and
Thunberg’s cause became climate change
 Video to play

2019 Climate Action Summit

Greta Thunberg
 Basic Practices and Initiatives
to Conserve and Protect our Environment
Waste Management

It is a systematic administration of activities that provide

for segregation at source, segregated transport,
storage, transfer, processing treatment and disposal of
solid waste and all other waste management activities
that do not harm the environment.
Implementation in different educational institutions
Implementation in national and local governments
Implementation in national and local governments
The Three (3) R’s
Implementation in national and local governments

Every year, more than 30 % of our waste are

PACKAGING MATERIALS.
This time of pandemic…
This time of pandemic, tons of medical wastes!
Source: http://nswmc.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2020-NSWMC-Reso-1364-series-of-2020.pdf
This time of pandemic, let’s be practical and wise
 FOCUS: Segregation of Solid
Waste at Source
Source: IEC Presentation
 WASTE SWM SITUATIONER
GENERATION
Industries/ Factories
Households
Schools

Offices, Businesses, Hospitals

& other Establishments
Agriculture Source: IEC Presentation
 Waste Composition
(As per MMDA study of Metro Manila)

Others Textile Kitchen Waste 45%

1% 4%
Paper 17%
Plastic
16%
Plastic 16%
Metal Grass & Wood 7%
5%
Leather &
Metal 5%
Rubber
1% Textile 4%
Glass 3%
Paper
17% Ceramic & Stone 1%
Leather & Rubber 1%
Others 1%

Glass Ceramic & Stone

3% Grass & Wood
1%
7%

Source: IEC Presentation

 Sources of Waste
As per MMDA study of Metro Manila

River Clean-up
0% Commercial Street Sweeping
(Restaurants) 0% Institutions
Market 1%
8%
8%
Commercial (Shops)
9%
Household
74% Households 74.14%
Comm’l (Shops) 9.40%
Market 7.60%
Comm’l (Rest.) 7.50%
Institutions 0.80%
Street Sweepings 0.41%
River Clean-up 0.14%
Source: IEC Presentation
 Classification of Waste under RA 9003

Compostables
(Nabubulok)

Recyclables
(Nareresiklo)

Residuals
(Panapon)

Special Wastes
(Mapanganib)

Source: IEC Presentation

 COMPOSTABLE WASTE
Compostable wastes are biodegradable wastes such as food
waste, garden waste and animal waste.
Examples are:
Fruit and vegetable peelings, leftover foods, vegetable
trims, fish/fowl/meat/animal entrails/, soft shells, seeds,
leaves, etc.,

Source: IEC Presentation

 RECYCLABLE WASTE
Recyclable materials refer to any waste material retrieved from
the waste stream and free from contamination that can still be
converted into suitable beneficial use.
Examples are:
Newspaper, ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metals,
corrugated cardboard, aluminum, tin cans, glass,
papers, etc.,

Source: IEC Presentation

 SPECIAL WASTE
Special waste refer to household hazardous wastes.
Examples are:
Paints, thinner, household batteries, lead-acid batteries, spray
canisters, bulky wastes, consumer electronics (which refer to
worn-out, broken and other discarded items), white goods
(which refer to large worn-out or broken household appliances),
oil, tires, etc.,

Source: IEC Presentation

 RESIDUAL WASTE
Residual wastes are solid waste materials that are non-
compostable and non-recyclable.
Examples are:
Sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, worn-out rugs,
ceramics, candy wrappers/sachets, cartons which
contain a plastic lining usually used for milk and juice
containers, etc.,

Source: IEC Presentation

WASTE MANAGEMENT
EXAMPLES
Solid Waste
RA 9003

Hazardous Waste

RA 6969 Medical Waste RA 6969

As per DENR Memorandum Order No. 2001 – 11, the color-
coded trash containers all have their specific uses. The use of
each color-coded container is as follows:

> Green – For Biodegradable Wastes (food wastes, yard

wastes, etc.)

> Red – For Non-biodegradable/Recyclable Wastes (paper,

plastic, Styrofoam, tin cans, bottles, etc.)

> Blue – For Non-recyclable/Residual Wastes (used/worn-out

rugs, ceramics, soiled plastics, candy wrappers, etc.)

> Black – For Special/Hazardous Wastes (used fluorescent

lamps/bulbs, batteries, spray canisters, etc.)

Other than the color-coding, the Memorandum also mentioned

that each container should be properly labeled and equipped
with a lid.

Credits: Earth Shaker, Feb 7, 2020

REFERENCE: DENR. (2001). DENR Memorandum Order No.
2001 – 11. PDF. Retrieved from:
http://policy.denr.gov.ph/2001/DENR_MO_2001-11.pdf
Zero Waste Management
It is an ecological method of handling
wastes that does not degrade the
environment nor pollute air, water, soil
and facilitate their sanitary retrieval,
reuse or recycling.
This is one of the most friendly,
economical tool of contributing
ecological welfare for human beings
and the community.
Modern waste reduction consists of three
components namely:
1. Reuse. Means re-utilization of materials for particular
purpose
2. Reduce. The process of lessening the fresh raw materials
that affects air, water and land pollution through proper waste
disposal.
3. Recycling. Involves processing used, unwanted materials
(waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially
useful materials.
Source: IEC Presentation
Composting
refers to the controlled
decomposition of organic
matter by
microorganisms, mainly
bacteria and fungi into a
humus-like product.
In Brief of:

Air Quality,
Forest, and
Water
Protection, Conservation
and Development
Air Pollution Awareness and Prevention
Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air—pollutants which are detrimental to human health
and the planet as a whole.
Philippines raises
carbon emission
reduction target to
75% by 2030
…it was revising up its target to cut greenhouse gas
emissions to a 75% reduction by 2030 under its
commitment to the Paris Agreement on Climate
Change, up from a target of 70% set four years ago.

emission
n. the production and discharge of
something, especially gas or radiation.
Stationary sources of air pollution are factories,
crematorium, incinerators, power plants, garbage
dumps and construction sites.
These emit particulates, nitrates, sulfur oxides and ammonia. They contribute 88% of the total
airborne sulfur oxides and 68% of nitrogen oxideas.

The term stationary source means any building, structure, facility, or

installation which emits or may emit an air pollutant for which a national
standard is in effect.
Among the different air pollutants, six "criteria"
pollutants such as ozone, carbon monoxide, lead,
sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and particulates
determine air quality standards.

Air pollutants are airborne substances (either solids, liquids, or

gases) that occur in concentrations high enough to threaten the
health of people and animals, to harm vegetation and
structures, or to toxify a given environment.
Ozone is the major ingredient in smog.
In the stratosphere it occurs naturally and acts as a filtering
mechanism for the harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun but in the
lower atmosphere comprise what mainly we see as grey smog
suspended on air.

Ozone is formed by a series of complex

reactions involving nitrogen oxides, volative
organic compounds and sunlight.
Smog or ground level ozone may cause lung
inflammation, decreased ability to breathe and susceptibility
to respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis,
fibrosis and premature lung aging. Children are susceptible
to ozone exposure.

Although tremendous progress has been made, the hole will take decades
yet to heal, and only if there is full and continuous compliance with the
Montreal Protocol.
Greening Management
Forest Protection, Conservation and
Development

Forest conservation is the practice of

planting and maintaining forested
areas for the benefit and
sustainability of future generations.
... Forest conservation involves the
upkeep of the natural resources within a
forest that are beneficial to both
humans and the environment.
Greening Management

Reforestation

- DENR
Greening Management

Similar with Google Browser

Paper Less Transaction
Paper Less Transaction
Paper Less Transaction
Water Pollution Awareness and Prevention
is the practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage.
According to Fresh Water Watch, water conservation is important because fresh clean
water is a limited resource, as well as a costly one.
 “Clean Water Act”
– only treated water will be allowed to
discharge in bodies of water.
 Credits: Rappler
“Septic Tank”
There are now many young and committed people in
the mandamus agencies who sincerely want to clean
Manila Bay – DENR, DILG, DOH, DBM, DepEd, DPWH,
Dept. of Agriculture (Fisheries), Maritime Police, Ports
Authority, MWSS, LWUA, MMDA, etc.

Mandamus of the Supreme Court

Please clean up Manila Bay.
Coastal
Clean Up
Drive
(2019)
“the barometer of the
environment”

Firefly
Performance Task
PERFORMANCE TASK: Plastic Waste Reduction and Recycling (Upcycle trash into
Eco Bricks)

OBJECTIVES: Diverting plastics materials into eco bricks to produce construction hollow
blocks called Eco bricks. Plastic used in the Eco brick will prevent polluting the environment.

MECHANICS
A. Eco brick production with your Family
1. Each student is required to collect plastic wastes consumed at home and produce 1 pc.
of 1.5 liters of eco-bricks. The involvement of the family members is required.
2. For a period of one week, you need to document your progress.
3. Take a selfie with your output and prepare a narrative report about your experience in
doing this task. Write your personal insights/ lessons learned on the activities assigned.
4. The group leader will prepare an e-portfolio to consolidate all the outputs of your
teammates.
5. The student’s output – NARRATIVE REPORT together with the captured image of
your eco-bricks will be evaluated based on the rubrics of this performance task.
6. The deadline for submission of this activity will depend on the schedule by the student’s
respective professors.
Deadline of submission of
B. Create an awareness campaign using your output to encourage people to put plastic this activity will depend on
waste to good use. the schedule by the
1. Take a picture of your eco-brick and share it to your Facebook account. Indicate a good student’s respective
caption based on your personal experience on how you do the output and your professors.
realization.
2. Use this hashtag - #MakakalikasanCalltoAction #CNSTP
 Deadline of submission of
How to make an eco-bricks at home this activity will depend on
1. Assign a bin to collect your plastic waste at your home. the schedule by the
2. Clean and dry the plastic wrappers packets before collecting.
student’s respective
3. Cut the collected packets into small pieces and add them in the bottle. In a 1-liter PET
bottle, about 350-400 grams of plastic can be filled. (Example of materials that you can professors.
use are straws, sando bags, snack wrappers, sachets. Just make sure that the
materials are clean and dry.)
4. To make sure that the eco brick is solid, make sure the base of the bottle is the strongest
5. Use a stick available at home to push down the layers of plastic.

The output can be donated to the following drop off points

 Green Antz Builders (waste management company that collects used, dry and clean
plastics. There are also drop -off points in Ayala Mall, Bonifacio High streets.
 Barangay Magallanes, Makati City
 Barangay San Antonio in Pasig – offers ayuda, a kilogram of rice for 3 kgs of clean and
dry plastic, also accepts ecobricks
 Plastic Flamingo or The Plaf
 My Basurero- project of by Basic Environmental systems and Technologies, INC- with
cash back points
Rubrics for the Performance Task
Requirements include: NARRATIVE REPORT (Day 1-7), CAPTURED IMAGE the eco-bricks and SCREENSHOT of your posted
“awareness campaign” on Facebook, IG or Twitter with #MakakalikasanCalltoAction #CNSTP

Score Description
100 Demonstrates complete understanding of the output given. All
requirements of task are included in the submission
90 Demonstrates considerable understanding of the output given. All
requirements of task are included.
85 Demonstrates partial understanding of the output given. Most
requirements of task are included.
75 Demonstrates little understanding of the output given. Many
requirements of task are included in the submission
70 Demonstrates little understanding of the output given.
0 No response/task not attempted.
Sharing you these initiatives
Break Out Sessions
1

It is the disintegration of the

earth or deterioration of the
? environment through the
consumption of assets
2

It protects the environment

? from harmful human activities.
3

It encompasses global warming, but

refers to the broader range of changes
? that are happening to our planet
4

It is a waste with properties that make it

? dangerous or capable of having a
harmful effect on human health or the
environment.
5

It refers to a product breaking down into

natural elements, carbon dioxide, and
? water vapor by organisms like bacteria
and fungi.
TOPIC: Environmental Awareness and Protection
REFERENCES:

Data Resources:
• https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1329/FINAL_REPORT_re_Effects_of_Typhoon_YOLANDA_HAIYAN_06-09NOV2013.pdf
• https://climate.nasa.gov/
• What are the harmful effects of Carbon dioxide? (preservearticles.com)
• https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/story/amp/renewable-and-non-renewable-energy-76577/
• http://nswmc.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2020-NSWMC-Reso-1364-series-of-2020.pdf
• https://sdgs.un.org/goals
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Greta-Thunberg

Definition of Terms ONLINE:

• https://universeoffaith.org/ecological-conversion-definition/
• https://eco-catholic.com/ecological-conversion/
• https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/acidification.html

Online Articles:
• https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/profiles-and-advocacies/ph-get-serious-climate-change
• https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/1/interactive-mapping-hottest-temperatures-around-world

Others:
• https://sites.google.com/site/adyatiputri/edu70303-principles-and-practice-of-assessment/task-c---reflection-rubric-for-written-assignment
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJuWdpZvFj0 - 24Oras: Pinsala ng Bagyong Yolanda, isa sa mga pinakamalalang nirespondehan ng US Marines accessed October 9, 2021
• Google images

Book:
Labugen, F. C. Ed.D et al, Understanding the National Service Training Program (Modular Worktext for NSTP1, focusing on Common Modules, RA 9163)
Mutya Publishing House, 2012