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    Isocyanate PPT BIKASH DUTTA

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    mita shil
    This document summarizes information about isocyanates, which are monomers or polymers used to make polyurethanes. It discusses the different types of isocyanates, including aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic, and notes that aromatic isocyanates react faster but are more carcinogenic. Common polyisocyanates used include biuret, isocyanurate, uretdione, and allophanate. The document also covers isocyanate reactivity and mechanisms, polyurethane reaction chemistry catalyzed by DBTDL, alternatives to DBTDL, reactions of isocyanates with water and amines, relationships between percent hydroxyl content and hydroxyl value, and calculations for cross-linking ratio from

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    Isocyanate PPT BIKASH DUTTA

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    mita shil
    110 views15 pages
    This document summarizes information about isocyanates, which are monomers or polymers used to make polyurethanes. It discusses the different types of isocyanates, including aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic, and notes that aromatic isocyanates react faster but are more carcinogenic. Common polyisocyanates used include biuret, isocyanurate, uretdione, and allophanate. The document also covers isocyanate reactivity and mechanisms, polyurethane reaction chemistry catalyzed by DBTDL, alternatives to DBTDL, reactions of isocyanates with water and amines, relationships between percent hydroxyl content and hydroxyl value, and calculations for cross-linking ratio from

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    This document summarizes information about isocyanates, which are monomers or polymers used to make polyurethanes. It discusses the different types of isocyanates, including aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic, and notes that aromatic isocyanates react faster but are more carcinogenic. Common polyisocyanates used include biuret, isocyanurate, uretdione, and allophanate. The document also covers isocyanate reactivity and mechanisms, polyurethane reaction chemistry catalyzed by DBTDL, alternatives to DBTDL, reactions of isocyanates with water and amines, relationships between percent hydroxyl content and hydroxyl value, and calculations for cross-linking ratio from

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    110 views15 pages

    Isocyanate PPT BIKASH DUTTA

    Uploaded by

    mita shil
    This document summarizes information about isocyanates, which are monomers or polymers used to make polyurethanes. It discusses the different types of isocyanates, including aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic, and notes that aromatic isocyanates react faster but are more carcinogenic. Common polyisocyanates used include biuret, isocyanurate, uretdione, and allophanate. The document also covers isocyanate reactivity and mechanisms, polyurethane reaction chemistry catalyzed by DBTDL, alternatives to DBTDL, reactions of isocyanates with water and amines, relationships between percent hydroxyl content and hydroxyl value, and calculations for cross-linking ratio from

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    CHEMISTRY OF

    ISOCYANATE

    PRESENTED BY BIKASH DUTTA


    Isocyanates
    Types of Isocyanate:
    •Aromatic Isocyanate
    •Aliphatic Isocyanate
    •Alicyclic Isocynate.
    Reactivity of Aromatic Isocyanate is faster than
    Aliphatic Isocyanate however Aromatic
    Isocyanate is more carcinogenic.
    Isocyanates:
    COMMON ISOCYANATES
    Types of Polyisocyanate
    Isocyanates are always made in polymerized
    Form since the monomeric isocyanates are highly
    Vaporizable leading to handling & safety related
    issues
    - Biuret
    - Isocyanurate (Trimer)
    - Uretdione (Dimer)
    - Allophanate
    Reactivity of isocyanates
    RESONANCE OF ISOCYANATES

    The isocyanate group bears cumulated double bond


    sequence as R-N=C=O, wherein the reactivity of
    isocyanate is governed by the positive character(F 1) of the
    carbon atom , which is susceptible to attack by
    nucleophiles, and oxygen and nitrogen by
    electrophiles( where R = Alkyl Group)

    If R is an aromatic group, the negative charge gets


    delocalized into R (Fig 2), thus, the aromatic
    isocyanates are more reactive than aliphatic or
    cycloaliphatic isocyanates.
    PUR chemistry
    O

    C+ H-O R
    R N

    Catalyst used:
    DBTDL

    C
    R N O R

    H Urethane linkage
    Function Of DBTL
    The excellent catalytical performance of DBTL is based on its Lewis Acid properties. The literature
    shows that complexation of the tin center in the DBTL to the NCO-group is one of the key steps in
    the catalysis of the urethane reaction.

    Catalysis of the PU reaction By DBTL


    Alternatives to DBTL
    There are numerous metal compounds have been evaluated in the past as catalysts for the
    urethane forming reaction.

    The driving forces for the replacement are the ongoing toxicological discussions. Latest since

    the ban of the tributyltin compounds from use in antifouling paints.


    The following catalysts show some potential as DBTL replacement products:

    -Dioctyltindilaurate – (DOTL)
    - Bismuth Octoate - (Bi-OC)

    DOTL is chemically quite close to DBTL. The only difference is the chain length of the alkyl
    groups attached to the tin center. It can be expected that due to the very similar chemistry the
    catalytical performance is quite close to DBTL. Currently DOTL is not regarded as a dangerous
    material, but this may change in the future.

    From the toxicological point of view Bismuth products are generally recognized as low
    toxic materials
    Reaction with Moisture
    Isocyanates react with water to form carbon di oxide and amine:

    The carbon dioxide functions as a blowing agent. Isocyanates also


    react with amines to give ureas
    Relation b/w %OH and OH
    value
    56100
    OH value =
    Equivalent wt

    1700
    %OH =
    Equivalent wt

    OH value
    %OH =
    33
    Cross Linking Ratio
    PUR chemistry

    Amt of
    Amt of solid resin x %OH x mol. wt. of NCO moiety
    isocyanate
    required for % NCO x mol. wt. of OH moiety
    100% CR
    Mol wt of NCO moiety = 42
    Mol wt of OH moiety = 17
    Factor = 2.47

    Amt of
    Amt of solid resin x %OH x 2.47
    isocyanate
    required for % NCO
    100% CR
    PUR Chemistry………….

    % OH of the mix Resin A & B

    [(amt solid resin A) x (%OH of resin A)] + [(amt of solid resin B) x (%OH of resin B)]
    % OH mix =
    [amt solid resin A+ amt of solid resin B]

    %NCO of the mix Isocyanate A & B

    [(amt of isocyanate A) x (%NCO of A)] + [(amt of isocyanate B) x (%NCO of B)]


    % NCO mix =
    100
    Calculation of cross linking ratio
    from mixing ratio
    Details of the product
    Amt of resin %N.V. of resin %OH/ %NCO S.G. of paint
    Part A 23 0.51 4.5 1.61

    Part B 51 0.6 19.8 0.99

    Mixing ratio 3 1
    Amount of each component by wt 4.83 0.99

    Amt of each component/100 gm part A 100 20.49

    Hence, practical amount of Isocyanate = (20.49 x 60)/100 gm


    = 12.29 gm
    Calculation of cross linking
    ratio
    from mixing ratio …….cont.
    Amt of resin %N.V. of resin %OH/ %NCO
    Part A 23 0.51 4.5
    Part B 51 0.9 19.8

    Amt of
    Amt of solid resin x %OH x 2.47
    isocyanate
    required for % NCO
    100% CR
    23 x 0.51 x 4.5 x 2.47

    19.8
    = 6.58
    Practical amt of isocyanate
    Actual cross linking = = 12.29/6.58 = 1.89
    Theoretical amt of isocyanate
    End Of Slides

    THANK YOU

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