UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

ANTIPOLO CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
SEMESTER 1, AY 2021-2022

SUBJECT CODE: SSE101 Course Title: FOUNDATION OF SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES; PART E – HUMAN RIGHTS

Presented by: GROUP 9

LESSON/REPORT OBJECTIVES
At the end of my/our report, I/we expect my/our classmates to have…
1. Knowledge about the origin and historical development of human rights
2. Understanding of the basic conceptions of human rights
3. Appreciation of one’s own prejudices and the development of tolerance
4. Appreciation of the rights of others

MATERIALS/TECHNOLOGY TO BE USED
1. Powerpoint Presentation
2. Video Presentation

REFERENCES USED
1. Introduction to the Human Rights Based Approach, UNICEF Finland, 2015
2. The Sociology of Human Rights by Mark Frezzo
3. Human Rights Reference Handbook by Dr. Magdalena Sepúlveda, Dr. Theo van Banning, Gudrun D.
Gudmundsdottir, Christine Chamoun and Dr. Willem J.M. van Genugten.
4. What are Human Rights? (The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN Human Rights)
5. History of Human Rights (Youth for Human Rights International)
6. United Nations; Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Youth for Human Rights International)
7. 4 Main Challenges Encountered on the Implementation of Human Rights Article by Bushan Jain
8. What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and why is it important? (Amnesty International,
2021)
9. MODULE 9 - SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES; HANDOUT E – HUMAN RIGHTS
(Marck Ferdinand Aguilar, MAED, 2020)
10. Difference Between a Right and a Privilege (Ask Any Difference, 2021)
11. Why It’s Important to Know Your Human Rights (Critics Rant)
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College of Education
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LESSON DISCUSSION

INTRODUCTION
Human rights are at the heart of international law and diplomacy. They reflect fundamental principles
shared by all civilizations and must be honored by all governments. Human rights are inalienable
fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply by virtue of being human. Despite
current extensive breaches of human rights standards across the world, leaders and politicians from
all governments, including those who do not respect human rights themselves, have invoked the
Declaration and recognized its ideals for decades. Articles of national constitutions across the globe
are similar to those in the Declaration, frequently embracing many of the rights enshrined in it. As a
result, the Declaration has and continues to have a significant influence on today's communities and
nations. The idea of human rights will be discussed in this part, from its origins to the broad meaning
given to it today. First, the idea of human rights is presented, as are broad aspects of international
law, including the application of human rights law concepts. The focus is also placed on significant
elements such as standards (the human rights norms as stated in internationally accepted
documents); why human rights are essential; the challenges in implementing human rights; and the
manner in which respect for human rights is demonstrated.

DISCUSSION
Human rights are widely believed to be absolute fundamental rights to which a person is naturally
entitled merely by virtue of being human. Originally, people's rights were determined only by their
involvement in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, after conquering Babylon, Cyrus the
Great did something completely unexpected: he liberated all slaves and let them to return home.
Furthermore, he stated that individuals should be free to practice their own faith. The Cyrus Cylinder,
a clay tablet recording his words, is considered to be history's earliest human rights proclamation.
The concept of human rights rapidly extended to India, Greece, and, finally, Rome. The Magna
Carta, OR "Great Charter," Was Arguably The Most Significant Early Influence On The Extensive
Historical Process That LED TO THE RULE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN THE ENGLISH-
SPEAKING WORLD. In 1215, after King John violated England of many ancient laws and customs
where England was operated, his constituents forced him to sign the Magna Carta, which counted
what was eventually thought to be human rights Among these are the rights of the Church to be free
from government disruption, rights of all free citizens who own and manage property and protect from
excess taxes. It also contains provisions that prohibit bribery and official wrong behaviors. Widely
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viewed as one of the most important legal documents in the development of modern democracy,
Magna Carta is an important point of struggle to establish freedom.
In 1628 - The next recorded milestone in human rights development is Petition of Rights, made in
1628 of the English parliament and sent to Charles I as a statement of civil liberty.
The rejection of parliament to finance is a non-famous foreign policy caused his government to ask
for compulsory loans and in the quarter of the troops in the house of the subject as a step in the
economy. Petition of rights, initiated by Sir Edward Coke, is based on previous laws and asserted
four principles: (1) no tax can be obtained without parliament; (2) no subject can be confined without
the cause reinforcement .1776 - On July 4, 1776, the United States Congress approved the
announcement of freedom. Its main author, Thomas Jefferson, wrote a statement as a formal
explanation of why Congress voted in July 2 and to declare freedom from Great Britain, more than
one year after the outbreak of American Revolute These ideas have been widely held by Americans
and spread all over the world, which are especially influenced by the French Revolution. 1789 - The
declaration declared that all citizens are guaranteed by the rights of "freedom, property, security, and
oppression resistance." It argues that the need for the law comes from the fact that "... The use of
natural rights of every person has bounds only to ensure other members of society are the
satisfaction of these rights.", The declaration sees the law as a "expression of the general will,"
intended to promote equality of rights and to inhibit "actions that are harmful to society."
1948 During the “Hapon", the last of World War 2 mostly are hurt and died, it was one of the most
serious events in the world history. Seeking an agreement between countries to ensure that these
events will not be repeated. And there was a single symbol of unity The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights Against the United Nation General Assembly about this so much translated to UDHR.
-The 1941, the United States President Roosevelt declared 'four freedom' that people should enjoy
everywhere in the world - (Freedom of Speech and Belief, and Freedom from Want and Fear.)
-Thong 1945 was completed the war, but only after the destruction of millions of lives, including by
the first and only use of atomic weapons in H Many countries have won the war, and millions of
people died or have been homeless refugees.
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The need for international human rights standards was first acknowledged towards the late 19th
century, when the industrial nations began to establish labor laws. This laws, which increased the
cost of labor, harmed their economic position in comparison to countries with no labor regulations.
Economic necessity drove the states to consult with one another. As a result of this, the first
conventions were drafted in which nations committed themselves such as other states in terms of
their own populations. The tragedies of World War II put an end to the old idea that nations had
complete authority over how their subjects are treated. The United Nations (UN) was established in
1945, soon after World War II ended. The UN's stated goal is to foster peace to all nations on the
planet. Following World War II, a committee of people led by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of US
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, created a unique document called the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, which "declares" the rights that everyone in the entire world should have. On June 26,
1945, the United Nations (UN) Charter was signed, bringing human rights into the realm of
international law. All UN members, in particular, committed to take steps to defend human rights. A
number of provisions of the Charter expressly mention human rights. Less than two years later, in
early 1946, the UN Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) delivered to the UN General Assembly
(UNGA), a draft Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). On December 10, 1948, the
Assembly approved the Declaration in Paris. This day was eventually recognized as International
Human Rights Day. During the 1950s and 1960s, an increasing number of countries joined the UN.
When they joined, countries publicly recognized the duties included in the UN Charter, as well as the
values and goals outlined in the UDHR. The United Nations now has 192 member nations, all of
which have signed on to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Human rights are widely believed to be those rights that are inherent in the fact of being human. The
notion of human rights is founded on the premise that every human being is allowed to exercise his
or her rights without discrimination. Human rights vary from other rights in two ways. To begin, they
are distinguished by being: (1) inherent in all human beings only by virtue of their humanity (they do
not have to be acquired or given); (2) inalienable (within qualifying legal bounds); and (3) applies
equally to everyone. Second, the primary responsibilities arising from human rights lie on
governments and their authorities or agents, rather than on people. You have a right to your personal
freedom. This means you must not be imprisoned or detained without good reason. However, certain
conditions allow governmental officials to hold you as long as they follow the law. This applies, for
example, if you have been found guilty of a crime and sentenced to prison; you have not done
something a court has ordered you to do; there is reasonable suspicion that you have committed a
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crime, someone is attempting to prevent you from committing a crime, or they are attempting to
prevent you from fleeing a crime; you have a mental health condition that necessitates detention; you
are capable of spreading infectious disease; you are attempting to illegally enter a country. The
phrase "civil rights" refers to the rights outlined in the first eighteen articles of the UDHR, virtually all
of which are also outlined as enforceable treaty standards in the ICCPR. A further set of 'physical
integrity rights' has been recognized from this group, which concern the right to life, liberty, and
security of the person, and offer protection against physical violence against the individual, brutality
and inhumane acts, false imprisonment, detainment, deportation, enslavement, and servitude,
intervention with one's privacy and right of ownership, constraint of one's freedom of movement, and
freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Although not exactly an integrity right, the right to equal
treatment and protection under the law is unquestionably a civil right. Furthermore, this right is crucial
to the realization of economic, social, and cultural rights. In general, political rights are those outlined
in Articles 19–21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and defined in the ICCPR. These
include freedom of speech and expression, freedom of organization and assembly, the right to
participate in one's country's governance, and the right to vote and stand for election in legitimate
periodic elections conducted by democratic vote. They also include economic, social, and cultural
rights, which refer to a person's right to thrive and grow, as well as the right to participate in social
and cultural activities. Rights in this category also include right to wellness, the right to education,
and the right to employment. One of the main distinctions between these two types of rights is that, in
the case of civil and political rights, governments must guarantee that they, or any other group, are
not denying people access to their rights, whereas governments must actively take steps to make
sure rights are fulfilled in the case of economic, social, and cultural rights.

Most constitutions in democracies across the world include provisions for privileges and rights.
People understand the literal definitions of both of these phrases, but they are often confused by the
two concepts these days since they want their privileges as well as their rights. The distinction
between a Right and a Privilege is that a Right is provided by a certain type of justice, whereas a
Privilege is granted by a different kind of justice. It might be mandated by the law of the nation or by
natural justice principles. A Privilege, on the other hand, is a distinction granted to a certain
individual, community, or group of people that can be granted without regard for justification. People
have rights because they have freedom, but they have privileges because they have immunity. A
right is a concept that may be found in nearly every significant area of the world. It can be any sort of
right, such as a legal right, a civil right, or a family-provided right. However, at a high level, we
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typically refer to those rights that are articulated with the goal of providing a person more autonomy
or freedom. When it comes to privilege, it is not a wide concept, but rather a specific concept. A
Privilege is never granted to the whole population of a state or organization. Rather, it is restricted to
a small group of people. The question now is what qualifies a person for a privilege. The answer is
simple: a person might be awarded a privilege based on his or her race, class, caste, gender, or
other characteristics. Most of the rights today, used to be privileges once. For instance, the voting,
voting before was only exclusive in men but in today generation everyone, regardless of gender,
class, religion, etc. has a right to vote.

There are four (4) main challenges encountered on the implementation of human rights; (1) The
challenge of well-being; (2) The challenge is about ‘respect’; (3) Another challenge is applying of
standards; (4) the distribution of power in international system, increasing chaos, conflicts etc. is
main challenge of Human rights. The well-being problem. The worldwide human rights community
has fought to ensure well-being, understanding of the rights to liberty, life, and security. Human rights
are fundamentally concerned with the wellbeing of citizens through opposing torture, slavery,
arbitrary arrest, discrimination, poverty, and so on. And one of the challenges of well-being is to offer
basic amenities such as the right to food, clothes, shelter, education, and so on. Poverty affects more
people, and a kid dying of malnutrition is a kind of denial of human rights. The essence of respect.
This is where human rights begin and finish. Human rights are rights granted to each and every
individual without regard to race, religion, or class. It assures that all human beings are born free and
equal in dignity, born with reason and morality, and have equal rights. They should treat one another
with camaraderie, unity, and justice. Respect entails guaranteeing the realization of all human ideals.
It also advocated for equal opportunities for growth and equal rights to participate in governance, as
well as criticizing the administration. Another issue is the application of standards. It is mostly due to
its universality. As there are individuals of various castes, cultures, religions, ages, and so on,
specification of human rights is the major issue in implementing human rights. The major difficulty of
human rights is the allocation of power in the international system, which is causing rising turmoil and
conflicts. In times of rising constrained turmoil, the human rights system defends human dignity.
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CONCLUSION
Human rights are the fundamental rights and liberties that every individual in the world has from birth
to death. They are applicable regardless of where you are from, what you believe, or how you
conduct your life. They can never be taken away, but they can be limited in some circumstances, like
as when a person violates the law or in the interests of national security. All the institutions and
individuals concerned should have unshaken faith in the observance of Human Rights. They all must
strive for better protection and promotion of Human Rights to make the lives of human beings worthy
of living with dignity and grace. Human rights is also a politically constructed concept: who define,
who get benefit, who lose, whose voices are heard, whose voices are silenced. Developing and
mainstreaming human rights into national law are not simply a regular legislation process, yet there
are driving forces both internal and external factors: social, political, economy, ideology, security
matters, etc. Tolerance, equality, and respect are values that can help minimize conflict in society.
Putting human rights ideals into action can help us build the society we wish to live in. There has
been a remarkable increase in how we think about and implement human rights principles in recent
decades. This has had a number of good outcomes: understanding of human rights may empower
individuals and provide answers to specific situations. Human rights play an essential role in how
individuals engage with others at all levels of society, including the family, community, schools, the
workplace, politics, and international relations. As a result, it is critical that people worldwide seek to
grasp what human rights are. It is simpler for people to support justice and the well-being of society
when they have a greater understanding of human rights.