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    Mini Project Linear Algebra II

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    NUR RABIATUL ALYA AMRULNIZAM
    This document describes a project analyzing the relationship between customers' annual incomes and their spending scores at a shopping mall. Three models are fitted to the data: linear, quadratic, and cubic. The linear model has the minimum error magnitude, indicating it provides the best fit. Tables and graphs of the models against the observed data and of the error vectors are provided in the appendix. The analysis concludes the linear model best approximates the relationship between income and spending scores for these mall customers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Mini Project Linear Algebra II

    Uploaded by

    NUR RABIATUL ALYA AMRULNIZAM
    532 views31 pages
    This document describes a project analyzing the relationship between customers' annual incomes and their spending scores at a shopping mall. Three models are fitted to the data: linear, quadratic, and cubic. The linear model has the minimum error magnitude, indicating it provides the best fit. Tables and graphs of the models against the observed data and of the error vectors are provided in the appendix. The analysis concludes the linear model best approximates the relationship between income and spending scores for these mall customers.

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    Mini Project Linear Algebra II (2)

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    This document describes a project analyzing the relationship between customers' annual incomes and their spending scores at a shopping mall. Three models are fitted to the data: linear, quadratic, and cubic. The linear model has the minimum error magnitude, indicating it provides the best fit. Tables and graphs of the models against the observed data and of the error vectors are provided in the appendix. The analysis concludes the linear model best approximates the relationship between income and spending scores for these mall customers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    532 views31 pages

    Mini Project Linear Algebra II

    Uploaded by

    NUR RABIATUL ALYA AMRULNIZAM
    This document describes a project analyzing the relationship between customers' annual incomes and their spending scores at a shopping mall. Three models are fitted to the data: linear, quadratic, and cubic. The linear model has the minimum error magnitude, indicating it provides the best fit. Tables and graphs of the models against the observed data and of the error vectors are provided in the appendix. The analysis concludes the linear model best approximates the relationship between income and spending scores for these mall customers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    FACULTY OF COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICS

    MATHEMATICS MAT523 – LINEAR ALGEBRA II

    2021 MINI PROJECT ASSIGNMENT

    TITLE : Mall Customers

    (The Relationship Between Customers’ Annual Incomes

    and Spending Scores Shopping Mall)

    Prepared by:

    NAME STUDENT ID CLASS

    NADHILAH BINTI SALEH 2021871192 N4CS2483B1

    NUR RABIATUL ALYA BINTI AMRULNIZAM 2021480396 N4CS2483B1

    Prepared for:

    ENCIK MOHD AZDI BIN MAASAR


    TABLE OF CONTENTS:

    CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

    INTRODUCTION 2

    IMPLEMENTATION 3 - 10
    ● Linear Model 3-5
    ● Quadratic Model 6-7
    ● Cubic Model 8 -10

    GRAPHS 10 - 12
    ● Graph Best Fit Curve Against Its Observed Data 10 - 11
    ● Graph of The Error Vector Against x Values 11 - 12

    ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION 13

    APPENDIX 14 - 29
    ● Commands and Output For Linear Model 14 - 18
    ● Commands and Output For Quadratic Model 19 - 23
    ● Commands and Output For Cubic Model 24 - 29

    REFERENCES 30

    1
    INTRODUCTION

    A shopping mall is a specially built covered area containing shops and restaurants which
    people can walk between, and where cars are not allowed.The following data is the annual
    incomes of customers and the spending scores of customers while being in the shopping mall.

    X represents the customers' annual income (k$) and Y represents the spending scores
    (1-100) of customers in the shopping mall.

    X 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 23 23

    Y 39 81 6 77 40 76 6 94 3 72 14 99 15 77 13 79 35 66 29 98

    2
    IMPLEMENTATION

    Linear model : 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥

    The data generates a system of linear equations with the matrix representation as below:

    and Its normal equation is

    Therefore,the least square solution is

    3
    The best fit line curve is

    ||e|| = 48.02131783

    4
    2
    Quadratic Model : 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥

    The matrix representation of the above system is

    Its normal equation is

    The least square solution is

    5
    The best fit quadratic curve is

    ||e|| = 52.0809279

    6
    2 3
    Cubic Model : 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
    The matrix representation of the above system is

    and its normal equation is

    7
    The least square solution is

    Therefore, the best fit cubic curve is

    8
    ||e|| = 51.96428174

    9
    GRAPHS
    Graph Best Fit Curve Against Its Observed Data

    Linear Model

    Quadratic Model

    10
    Cubic Model

    Graph of The Error Vector Against x Values

    Linear Model

    11
    Quadratic Model

    Cubic Model

    12
    ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION
    Based on the three models above, the following error magnitudes in the approximation are
    obtained:

    TYPES OF BEST FIT CURVE ERROR MAGNITUDE

    Linear Model 48.02131783

    Quadratic Model 52.0809279

    Cubic Model 51.96428174

    Thus, the best fit curve in this case which will give the best approximation is the linear best fit
    curve because it has the minimum error in terms of its magnitude.

    13
    APPENDIX
    Commands and Output For Linear Model

    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    Commands and Output for Quadratic Model

    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    Commands and Output for Cubic Model

    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    REFERENCES :

    Internet Sources

    1. Kaggle.com. (2016). Retrieved from


    https://www.kaggle.com/shwetabh123/mall-customers

    30

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