AN SCI 1-Introduction to

Animal Science

This is a property of
PRESIDENT RAMON MAGSAYSAY STATE UNIVERSITY
NOT FOR SALE

AN SCI 1– Introduction to Animal Science

First Edition, 2021
 
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Learning Module Development Team

Assigned Chapter/Lesson Title Author/s

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Introduction to Animal
Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 3: Genes and their Role in

Animal Productivity, The
Mechanisms of Inheritance,
Genes in Population

Chapter 4: Animal Breeding, Kristhyl R. Ancheta,

Reproduction and Genetic Charlotte I. Acayan,
Improvement of Animals

Chapter 5: Animal Nutrition

Chapter 6: Slaughtering, Processing

and Marketing of
Animals and their by-
products

Chapter 7: Methods of Handling or

Managing of Animal Waste
Based from RA 9003

 
Evaluators:

 
Salvador S. Soquila, Dean

David P. Pilien, Program Chair, BSA

Sanny C. Babera, Senior Faculty

 
Course Overview
Introduction

Introduction to Animal Science is a three-unit course, which is about the principles of animal
breeding, physiology and nutrition to production, processing and marketing of animal
products. (CMO No. 14 s 2008 and Draft CMO for BS Agriculture, 2016)

This course explains the significance of animal science as a field in agriculture. It also
describes the basic concepts and principles of animal physiology, breeding, nutrition,
slaughtering, processing and marketing of animal products as they relate to animal
productivity. This course also demonstrates basic skills in formulating simple animal rations,
slaughtering animals and processing of products. The knowledge and skills that the students
would gain from this course may be used as a foundation in their other academic endeavors,
their chosen disciplines, and their future careers as they compose the backbone of humanity
as licensed agriculturist. Therefore, studying animal science is imperative to gain proper
knowledge and understanding about animals. This leads to the development of appropriate
technologies, management practices and interventions to be applied in animal production,
making it efficient and profitable.

This course of study is also associated in promoting gender awareness in the classroom
through raising animals that can be a source of livelihood and food in everyday living

Course General Objectives

At the end of the semester, 90% of the students have attained 75% proficiency level for being
knowledgeable of the foundation of animal science.

1. Explain the significance of animal science as a field in agriculture.

2. Describe the basic concepts and principles of animal physiology, breeding,
nutrition, slaughtering, processing and marketing of animal products as they
relate to animal productivity.
3. Demonstrate basic skills in formulating simple animal rations, slaughtering
animals and processing of products

Course Details:

 Course Code: AN SCI 1

 Course Title: Introduction to Animal Science
 No. of Units: 3 units (2 hours lecture 3 hours laboratory)
 Classification: Lecture and Laboratory-based
 Pre-requisite / Co-Requisite: Biology
 Semester and Academic Year: 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022
 Schedule: BSA I-A: Lecture: Tuesday & Thursday, 4:00-5:00PM Laboratory:
Thursday, 1:00-4:00PM; BSA I-B: Lecture: Tuesday & Thursday, 11:00-1200NN
Laboratory: Tuesday, 1:00-4:00PM; BAT I-A: Lecture: Wednesday & Friday, 8:00-
9:00AM Laboratory: Wednesday, 9:00-12:00NN
 Name of Faculty: KRISTHYL R. ANCHETA
 Contact Details
Email: kristhylancheta30@gmail.com
Mobile Number: +63-939-907-1390
Viber:N/A
FB Account: Kristhyl Ancheta
 Consultation
Day: Monday and Friday
Time: 10:00-12:00NN; 9:00-12:00NN

Learning Management System

The University LMS will be used for asynchronous learning and assessment. The link and
class code for LMS will be provided at the start of class through the class’ official Facebook
Group.

 Google Classroom
 University LMS

Assessment with Rubrics

Students will be assessed in a regular basis thru quizzes, long/unit/chapter tests,
individual/group outputs using synchronous and/or asynchronous modalities or submission of
SLM exercises. Rubrics are also provided for evaluation of individual/group outputs.

Major examinations will be given as scheduled. The scope and coverage of the examination
will be based on the lessons/topics as plotted in the course syllabus.
-
 LM01-NGEC

0323
Module Overview
Introduction

This module aims to explain the significance of animal science as a field in agriculture. It
also describes the basic concepts and principles of animal physiology, breeding, nutrition,
slaughtering, processing and marketing of animal products as they relate to animal
productivity. This course also demonstrates basic skills in formulating simple animal rations,
slaughtering animals and processing of products. The knowledge and skills that the students
would gain from this course may be used as a foundation in their other academic endeavors,
their chosen disciplines, and their future careers as they compose the backbone of humanity
as licensed agriculturist. Therefore, studying animal science is imperative to gain proper
knowledge and understanding about animals. This leads to the development of appropriate
technologies, management practices and interventions to be applied in animal production,
making it efficient and profitable.

Topics associated in promoting gender awareness in the classroom through raising animals
that can be a source of livelihood and food in everyday living also given emphasis in this
module.

  Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Introduction to Animal Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 3: Genes and their Role in Animal Productivity, The Mechanisms of Inheritance,
Genes in Population
Chapter 4: Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Genetic Improvement of Animals
Chapter 5: Animal Nutrition
Chapter 6: Slaughtering, Processing and Marketing of Animals and their by- products
Chapter 7: Methods of Handling or Managing of Animal Waste Based from RA 9003

 
Introduction to Animal Science
 
Chapter 1

Introduction
Chapter 1

Introduction
 
Animal Science is defined as the art, science, and industry of breeding, feeding, care and
management, and the marketing and processing of animals and their products for the purpose
of obtaining profit from the enterprise.

As an art, it means the selection of animals largely on the basis of beauty and good looks in
addition to production performance. Beauty may be defined as the harmonious proportion of
the various parts of the animals so that they present an over-all pleasing sight to the beholder.

As a science, it is a well-ordered and systematic body of knowledge. The procedure in

deriving this body of knowledge is referred to as the scientific method. Experimentation is
the process through which data are gathered to determine efficiency of production of farm
animals and as bases of selecting the desirable animals for breeding. There are a big number
of experimentations that need to be done in animal production to ascertain adaptability,
efficiency of performance, systems of management to use, inheritance of desirable traits and
animal health to extract the most products from animals to meet human needs.

As an industry, it is this aspect that combines art and science to make animal production a
profitable activity. Here lies the evaluation of decisions to be made by the raiser based on
available information and observation that will make the activity an economic one and the
project stay competitive in the market. Proper knowledge of breeding, feeding, management
systems based on updated information and desirable marketing practices must combine
harmoniously to bring the desired profit. This aspect brings the business concept to animal
production.

The term animal science connotes a deeper knowledge and understanding of the animal body
and responses to outside factors to bring about the desirable efficiency in production out of
the animals being raised.

For better understanding, topics such as man, animal and ecosystem as well as their economic
utility are discussed thoroughly in this module. Also the relationship of animal and human
and the career opportunities in animal science are discussed in this module.

Specific Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

 
- To discuss the relationship of man, animals and the ecosystem;
- To give the economic benefits of animals to mankind;
- To determine the contributions of animals to agricultural development and its relation
to population problem; and
- To appreciate the development of animal science and how it affects the animal
industry.
Duration
Chapter 1: Introduction = 4.5 hours
(1.5 hours discussion; 3 hours
laboratory exercise)

Lesson Proper

1. Man, Animal and Ecosystem

Three main categories of constraints to improve animal production in developing

countries:
a. Ecological factors – land topography, soil fertility, temperature, RH, plant
growing season
b. Biological factors – feed and water supply, animals diseases, genotype
c. Socio-economic factors – supply and demand relationship, input-output ratio,
prices, religion, culture and tradition, politics

Environmental Influences on Animal Production

a. Feed supply – seasonality of feeds
- influences water shortage or limited rainfall may affect plant growth
and development
b. Light – influences hair growth (longer day length-shorter hair; loner night length-
longer hair)
c. Rainfall and humidity – when rainfall is heavy and humidity is high, pasture
grows faster and its nutritive value becomes less due to more cellulose in
roughage resulting to small size grazing animals.
- Adequate rainfall, air temperature is low and water evaporation is limited,
grasses will contain smaller proportion of cellulose resulting in faster growth
of animal than those grazing in hot humid areas
d. Temperature – affects growth and production efficiency of animals at higher
temperature

2. Animals and their Economic Utility

Global livestock production remains one of the most important components of

the agricultural sector, sustaining human life in a number of important ways. In
addition to providing a source of milk and meat, they provide work, as plow animals;
fuel and fertilizer, in the form of manure; a source of clothing, such as leather from
dried skins and wool from sheep; and as transportation, the domestication of horses
and camels have allowed humans to travel long distance. Livestock also contributes
greatly to the livelihoods of 70% of the rural poor.

Animal attributes that enhance the ability of an agricultural system to produce

food for man:

 Animals can feed on and convert plants and other materials which would have
otherwise gone to waste, into rich human food.
  Animal products have chemical composition that closely resemble man’s dietary
requirement and therefore more digestible and nutritious

Since food is the most important contribution of animals to human welfare,

animals have been domesticated by man getting some benefits such as skin and hide
for clothing and shelter, animal power for transport, beauty, grace and subservient
temperament for man’s amusement and companion. Certain animal products and by-
products are also used for commercial products such as glue form horns, fertilizer and
feed bones and offal, insulated clothing from feathers, etc.

Contributions of Livestock and Poultry to Agricultural Development

a. Good quality protein Eggs, beef pork, chevon, lamb, poultry,
milk, game meat
b. Draft power Buffalo, horses, oxen, cattle
c. Food reserve Food animals like goat and sheep, pigs
d. Capital accumulation Livestock as living bank of reserve capital
e. Value added Conversion of forage, industrial wastes and
household refusal into high value products
f. Manure Nutrients to plants, fuel, building material
g. Equity Landless farmers who cannot rill land for
crop production
h. Risk reduction Price fluctuations of crops can be abated by
livestock
i. Gross domestic product Food economy
j. Export earnings Foreign exchange when domestic
production exceeds domestic demands

3. Animal Agriculture and the Human Population

The population explosion together with a poor distribution of food is among

the world’s greatest problems today. In many populated, poorly developed countries
most children suffer from malnutrition in their early years. The food supply in these
overpopulated areas consists mostly of starchy grains, which supply enough energy
for life processes, but lack the protein necessary for proper growth and good health of
animals and man. It is the nutrient in shortest supply on a worldwide basis. Plant
proteins usually do not provide a good balance of amino acids. Animal proteins are
superior in this respect of high quality protein for humans.
As of February 2017, the per capita consumption of some agricultural products
and by-products are the following:

Animal Product Per Capita Consumption (kg)

Beef 1.06
Carabeef 0.16
Pork 12.45
Chevon
Poultry meat 12.05
Eggs 109 pcs
Duck eggs 2 pcs
Milk < 1 litter
 Source: https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015-2016%20CSAC%20Vol2.pdf

4. Animal Science and the Animal Industry

With the world population increasing at the annual rate of about 83 million
per year or 1.1% per year (2021)
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth ) considering that the nutritional
level of a large percentage of the population is presently below desired standards, the
projected need for animal products presents a tremendous challenge to all involved in
activities related to their production. Present trends in consumption of animal products
will increase as the economic conditions of the world’s people become more
favorable.
The application of improved methods of breeding, feeding, management, and
disease control during the last few years has greatly increased the efficiency of
livestock production.
Nowadays, the advent of computers and computer software has made animal
production more sophisticated and efficient. In conjunction with advances in
electronics, and other sciences and technologies, computerized matching of dairy
cows with the right bull, and environmentally-controlled housing are now commonly
employed in large scale commercial farms.

Inventory of the Philippine Livestock and Poultry Industry

Livestock and Poultry

Livestock production posted a 1.25 percent increment. It contributed 17.11 percent to

the total agricultural production. Higher outputs were recorded for cattle, hog and
dairy. The gross value of livestock production amounted to PhP 75.4 billion at
current prices or 0.25 percent lower from last year’s level.

Production of poultry increased by 5.41 percent during the quarter. It shared 16.74
percent in the total agricultural output. All poultry commodities exhibited production
gains. At current prices, the gross value of poultry production amounted to PhP 55.4
billion, a decline by 3.66 percent this period.

https://psa.gov.ph/ppa-main/livestock-poultry
Chicken Situation Report, January-March 2021
January 2021 to March 2021

Inventory

As of 01 April 2021, the total chicken inventory in the

country was estimated at 179.13 million birds.  This
was 0.6 percent higher than the previous year’s same
period count of 178.08 million birds. Broiler chicken
and layer chicken inventory increased by 1.1
percent and 5.6 percent, respectively. On the other
hand, stocks of native/improved chicken decreased by
-2.2 percent. (Figure 2)
Among the regions, Central Luzon reported the highest total chicken inventory
with 26.98 million birds. This was followed by CALABARZON with 24.84
million birds and Western Visayas with 20.73 million birds. These three
regions accounted for 40.6 percent of the total chicken inventory in the
country. (Figure 3)

By chicken type, Western Visayas reported the highest inventory for

native/improved chicken with 13.97 million birds. Broiler chicken inventory was
highest in Central Luzon with 11.31 million birds while CALABARZON shared the
highest inventory for layer chicken with 15.43 million birds

Production

The total chicken production from January to March 2021 was estimated at 402.77
thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was -11.2 percent lower than the previous
year’s same quarter output of 453.72 thousand metric tons, liveweight. (Figure 1)
Among the regions, Central Luzon was the top producer of chicken during the
quarter with 131.94 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was followed by
CALABARZON with 73.95 thousand metric tons, liveweight, and Northern
Mindanao with 38.33 thousand metric tons, liveweight. These three regions
shared 60.7 percent to the country’s total chicken production.

Relative with their levels in the same quarter of 2020, 10 regions posted decrements
in production during the quarter. Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao (BARMM) recorded the biggest annual decline of -50.6
percent, from 1,708 metric tons, liveweight in the first quarter of 2020 to 844 metric
tons, liveweight this quarter. 

Prices

The average farmgate price of broiler chicken in commercial farms during the
quarter was PhP 111.95 per kilogram, liveweight. This was 31.2 percent higher than
the previous year’s same quarter average price of PhP 85.33 per
kilogram, liveweight. (Figure 4)

During the period, the highest farmgate price was recorded in February at PhP
113.67 per kilogram, liveweight, while the lowest was quoted in January at PhP
110.60 per kilogram, liveweight. 
Cattle Situation Report, January-March 2021
January 2021 to March 2021

Inventory

As of 01 January 2021, the total cattle inventory was

estimated at 2.63 million heads. This was 3.3
percent higher than the 2.54 million heads recorded in
the same period of 2020.

In terms of inventory, Central Visayas recorded the

highest cattle population with 311.70 thousand
heads. This was followed by Ilocos Region with 296.28
thousand heads and CALABARZON with 266.53 thousand
heads. These three regions accounted for 33.4 percent of the country’s total cattle
population. (Figure 2)

Production

The total cattle production from January to March 2021 was estimated at 54.43
thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was -10.2 percent lower compared with the
previous year’s same quarter output of 60.62 thousand metric
tons, liveweight. (Figure 1)

Among the regions, Northern Mindanao was the highest producer of cattle during the
quarter with a production of 10.62 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was
followed by Ilocos Region and Western Visayas with corresponding productions
of 6.21 thousand metric tons, liveweight and 4.97 thousand metric tons, liveweight.
These three regions shared 40.0 percent to the country’s total cattle production.
Relative to their levels in the same quarter in 2020, 10 regions posted decreases in
production during the quarter. Zamboanga Peninsula exhibited the highest annual
reduction of -56.6 percent, from 2.69 thousand metric tons, liveweight in the first
quarter of 2020 to 1.17 thousand metric tons, liveweight in this quarter. 

Prices

The average farmgate price of cattle for slaughter during the quarter was quoted
at PhP 141.38 per kilogram, liveweight. This was 12.4 percent higher than the average
price of PhP 125.78 per kilogram, liveweight, in the same quarter of 2020. (Figure 3)

During the reference quarter, the highest farmgate price of cattle for slaughter was
noted in March at PhP 144.56 per kilogram, liveweight, while the lowest was in
January at PhP 139.08 per kilogram, liveweight. 
Carabao Situation Report, January-March 2021
January 2021 to March 2021

Inventory

As of 01 January 2021, the total carabao inventory in the country

was estimated at 2.84 million heads.  This was -0.9 percent lower
than the 2.87 million head count in the same period of 2020.
In terms of inventory, Bicol Region (Region V) recorded
the highest carabao population with 325.06 thousand
heads. This was followed by Western Visayas (Region VI)
with 291.55 thousand heads, and Central Luzon
with 235.94 thousand heads. These three regions accounted
for 30.0 percent of the country’s total carabao population. (Figure 2)

Production

The total carabao production from January to March 2021 was estimated at 27.59
thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was -7.4 percent lower than the previous year’s
same quarter output of 29.81 thousand metric tons, liveweight. (Figure 1)

Among regions, Western Visayas was the top producer of carabao during the quarter
with a production of 5.12 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was followed by
SOCCSKSARGEN and Zamboanga Peninsula with corresponding productions
of 2.47 thousand metric tons, liveweight and 2.39 thousand metric tons, liveweight.
These three regions contributed 36.3 percent to the country’s total carabao production.

Relative to their levels in the same quarter of 2020, nine regions posted decreases in

production during the quarter.  Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) recorded the
biggest decline of -53.1 percent, from 0.96 thousand metric tons, liveweight in the
first quarter of 2020 to 0.45 thousand metric tons, liveweight, this quarter. 

Price

The average farmgate price of carabao for slaughter during the quarter was quoted at
PhP 119.92 per kilogram, liveweight. This was 10.3 percent higher than the average
farmgate price of PhP 108.76 per kilogram, liveweight, in the same quarter of
2020. (Figure 3)

During the period, the highest farmgate price of carabao for slaughter was noted in
March at PhP 120.59 per kilogram, liveweight, while the lowest was in January
at PhP 118.61 per kilogram, liveweight.
Dairy Industry Performance Report
January 2015 to December 2015

Inventory

As of January 1, 2016, the total dairy animal

population was 44,432 heads. This was 6.34
percent higher than last year’s headcount. Dairy
cattle stocks grew by 8.95 percent. Dairy carabao
and dairy goat population went up by 2.91 percent
and 6.75 percent respectively.

Production

In 2015, milk production in the country was 20.39 million liters. This was 3.34
percent higher than last year’s level of 19.73 million liters. Of this total, 12.93 million
liters or 63.42 percent were cow’s milk; 7.12 million liters or 34.93 percent were
carabao’s milk and 0.34 million liters or 1.65 percent were goat’s milk.
Duck Situation Report, January-March 2021
January 2021 to March 2021

Inventory

As of 01 January 2021, the total inventory of duck in the

country was estimated at 12.22 million birds, 3.6
percent higher than previous year’s same period count
of 11.79 million birds.

In terms of inventory, Central Luzon recorded the

highest number of ducks raised with 4.44 million birds. 
This was followed by SOCCSKSARGEN with 1.46
million birds, and Western Visayas with 1.39 million
birds. These three regions comprised 59.6 percent of the
country’s total duck inventory. (Figure 2)

Production

The total duck production from January to March 2021 was estimated at 7.98
thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was -11.6 percent lower than the previous
year’s same quarter output of 9.03 thousand metric tons, liveweight. (Figure 1)

Among the regions, Central Luzon was the top producer of duck for meat during the
quarter with 2.56 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was followed by
SOCCSKSARGEN and Western Visayas with corresponding productions of 1.12
thousand metric tons, liveweight, and 0.79 thousand metric tons, liveweight. These
three regions accounted for 55.9 percent of the country’s total duck production.
Relative with their levels in the same period in 2020, 10 regions exhibited decreases
in production during the quarter. Bicol Region posted the highest annual decline of -
54.4 percent, from 373 metric tons, liveweight in same quarter of 2020 to 170 metric
tons, liveweight this quarter.

Price

The average farmgate price of duck for meat in commercial farms during the
reference quarter was quoted at PhP 73.37 per kilogram, liveweight. This was -1.5
percent lower than the average price of PhP 74.46 per kilogram, liveweight, in the
same period of 2020. (Figure 3)
Swine Situation Report, January-March 2021
January 2021 to March 2021

Inventory

As of 01 April 2021, the total swine inventory was

estimated at 9.55 million heads, lower by -22.6
percent from the 12.34 million head count in the same
period of 2020.
In terms of inventory, Western Visayas recorded the biggest
swine population with 1.20 million heads. This was followed by Central Visayas
with 1.20 million heads and Northern Mindanao with 1.09 million heads. These three
regions comprised 36.6 percent of the country’s total swine population. (Figure 2)

Production

The total hog production from January to March 2021 was estimated at 421.79
thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was lower by -25.8 percent compared with the
previous year’s same quarter output of 568.67 thousand metric
tons, liveweight. (Figure 1)

Among the regions, Central Visayas was the top producer of hogs during the quarter
with a production of 53.66 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was followed by
Northern Mindanao with 50.83 thousand metric tons, liveweight and Western Visayas
with 48.93 thousand metric tons, liveweight.  These three regions accounted for 36.4
percent of the country’s total hog production.

Compared with their levels in the same quarter of 2020, 12 regions reported decreases
in production during the quarter. Central Luzon exhibited the biggest annual decline
of -75.8 percent, from 112.58 thousand metric tons, liveweight in the first quarter of
2020 to 27.19 thousand metric tons, liveweight this quarter. 

Price

The average farmgate price of hogs upgraded for slaughter during the quarter was PhP
153.70 per kilogram, liveweight. This was higher by 47.2 percent from the average
farmgate price of PhP 104.44 per kilogram, liveweight, in the same period a year
ago. (Figure 3)

During the reference quarter, the highest farmgate price was recorded in March at PhP
158.82 per kilogram, liveweight, while the lowest was noted in January at PhP 150.97
per kilogram, liveweight. 
Goat Situation Report, January-March 2021
January 2021 to March 2021

I Inventory

As of 01 January 2021, the total goat inventory in the country

was estimated at 3.60 million heads.  This was -5.7
percent lower than the 3.81 million heads population in the
same period of 2020.
In terms of inventory, Western Visayas recorded the highest
goat population with 522.41 thousand heads. This was followed
by Ilocos Region with 481.82 thousand heads and Central Visayas with 412.53
thousand heads. These three regions contributed 39.4 percent to the country’s total
goat population. (Figure 2)

Production

The total goat production from January to March 2021 was estimated at 16.51
thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was -6.7 percent lower than the previous year’s
same quarter output of 17.70 thousand metric tons, liveweight. (Figure 1)

Among the regions, Central Visayas was the top producer of goat during the quarter
with a production of 2.56 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was followed by
Ilocos Region with 2.28 thousand metric tons, liveweight and Western Visayas
with 2.00 thousand metric tons, liveweight. These three regions shared 41.4 percent to
the country’s total goat production.

Compared with their levels in the same period of 2020, 10 regions showed reductions
in production during the quarter.  Bicol Region recorded the biggest annual decline
of -39.8 percent, from 0.73 thousand metric tons, liveweight in the first quarter of
2020 to 0.44 thousand metric tons, liveweight this quarter.

Price

The average farmgate price of goat for slaughter during the quarter was quoted at PhP
163.70 per kilogram, liveweight. This was 10.3 percent higher than the average
farmgate price of PhP 148.42 per kilogram, liveweight, in the same quarter of
2020. (Figure 3)

During the reference quarter, the highest farmgate price of goat for slaughter was
recorded in March at PhP 165.68 per kilogram, liveweight, while the lowest was in
January at PhP 161.67 per kilogram, liveweight.

Source: https://psa.gov.ph/livestock-poultry-iprs/cattle/inventory
 5. Career Opportunities in Animal Science

Animal-related careers listed should be considered for a productive and

efficient livestock and poultry industry:

Product sales and promotion; Feed Milling Industry

Plant manager/Supervisor;
Nutritionist;
Feed Quality Inspector;
Feed Dealer/Distributor
Product sales and promotion; Pharmaceuticals
Laboratory technician; Veterinary drugs and supplies industry
Product testing aids;
Quality assurance inspector
Plant operations manager/supervisor Food/Meat processing
Food testing aids, Quality assurance
inspector
Sanitation inspector
Operations manager/supervisor Abattoir Operation
Meat fabricator
Meat inspector
Sanitation inspector
Product research and development Dairy Processing
Product processing
Promotion and sales
Product design and testing Equipment Manufacturing
Product sales and promotion
Loan; Feasibility studies; Lending investments, Financing and
Property sales and promotion insurance
Farm consultant Consultancy
Planning consultant
Risk assessment
Academic, Training and extension agents Teaching
Field technician Extension works
Product implementation
Monitoring and evaluation technician
Research supervisor Research
Research assistant
Technology validation and promotion
Farm manager/supervisor Livestock and poultry farm operations
Farm accounting and book keeper
Product marketing
References/Additional Resources/Readings

Syllabus Manual in ANSCI 100 Introduction to Animal Science, Central Luzon State
University, 2015.
Raguine, Lawrence C. Lecture Notes in Animal Science 1 Introduction to Animal Science
Course Manual 3rd Revision, Ramon Magsaysay Technological University San
Marcelino Campus, San Marcelino, Zambales, 2015.
Animal Science 1 Introduction to Animal Science. University of the Philippines Los Baňos,
College, Laguna,
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2017-2016%20CSAC%20Vol1.pdf
https://psa.gov.ph/livestock-poultry-iprs/cattle/inventory
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015-2016%20CSAC%20Vol2.pdf
https://psa.gov.ph/ppa-main/livestock-poultry
Activity Sheet
ACTIVITY 1

Name: ______________________Course/Year/Section: ___________ Score: _________

Instruction: Complete the tables below with the current statistics.

Table 1. Inventory of different livestock and poultry species in the Philippines
Species Backyard Commercial Total Population
Carabao
Cattle
Goat
Swine
Chicken (broiler)
Chicken (layer)
Duck

Table 2. Volume of production per capita consumption and projected demand of different
animal products
Animal product Volume of Per capita Projected Demand2
1
production Consumption
Beef
Carabeef
Pork
Chevon
Chicken meat
Chicken egg
Duck egg
Milk
Population (BAS estimate for year ____)
Population growth rate: _____
1
PCC = volume of production / population
2
PD = (population + annual increase in population) x PCC
Annual increase in population = population x population growth rate

Table 3. Off-take ratio of the swine industry from 2013 to 2019

Year Hog Inventory Hog Slaughtered Off-take Rate (%)1
2019 12,709,248
2018 12,604,441 12,851,790
2017 12,427,790 12,621,282
2016 12,477,711 11,636,484
2015 12,734,780 10,879,018
2014 12,211,732 10,194,621
2013 12,067,756 10,328,792
https://psa.gov.ph/content/swine-situation-report
1
OTR = (number of animals slaughtered/animal inventory)100
Assessment
Each question will be graded based on this rubric.

LEVEL DESCRIPTION

Well written and very organized.

Excellent grammar mechanics.
95 – 100
Clear and concise statements.
Outstanding
Excellent effort and presentation with detail.
Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the topic.

Writes fairly clear.

86 – 94 Good grammar mechanics.
Good Good presentation and organization.
Sufficient effort and detail.

Minimal effort.
81 – 85 Minimal grammar mechanics.
Fair Fair presentation.
Few supporting details

Somewhat unclear.
Shows little effort.
76 – 80
Poor grammar mechanics.
Poor
Confusing and choppy, incomplete sentences.
No organization of thoughts.

Very poor grammar mechanics.

65 – 75 Very unclear.
Very Poor Does not address topic.
Limited attempt.
Assignment

Instructions: Answer the questions completely but concisely. Include the complete
computation and do not forget to encircle your final answer.

1. If the current population is 84,254,513 with an annual growth rate of 2.35%,

compute for the projected demand for beef in the coming year if per capita
consumption is 2.52 kg. express your answer in metric tons.

2. Given the average dressed weight of slaughtered hogs is 65 kg, how many persons
will be supported if per capita consumption is 15.67 kg and the number of hogs
slaughtered is 8,433,263? Show your solution.

3. Give five (5) advantages and disadvantages of a country being a member of the
WTO.

4. In your viewpoint, what are the roles of livestock and poultry to the social,
economic and environmental aspects of our country?
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