SHOBHIT NIRWAN's

DESIGNED

RESOURCES AND
DEVELOPMENT
NEW NOTES FOR CLASS 10 2022 EXAMS

Including NCERT Line-By-Line Questions

PYQs in MCQ Format
CBSE Sample Paper
Flowchart
 On the basis On the basis On the basis of status On the basis of
of Origin of Exhaustibility of Development ownership
f- Non-renewable
Renewable
f- Developed
f- community
Biotic Individual
Abiotic
- -

Potential -

stock
1- National
+ Reserve f-
-

International

classification of Resources

Resources and
Development
Development of Resources
Land Resources
substainable development

f-
Land utilisation
-

Agenda 21
pattern in
-

-
land use India
-

Resource planning in India

Land
Degradation
-

-
Process of Resource planning
causes solutions

Soil as Resource -

soil Erosion and soil

conservation

1- Classification Hypes of soil

Alluvial soil Black soil

' '

Re 'd and
'

lregvrsoil) yellow soil laterite Asg;D, forgo,st,

 ①

Everything available in our environment which

accessible
can be used to
satisfy our
needs , provided ,
it is
technologically economically , feasible
and culturally acceptable be termed
can Resources as .

Classification of Resources

the basis of 20183

# On
Origin Ccb : se
obtained from
o Biotic :
Resources which are biospheres and have life such as
human beings flora and fauna fisheries
, ,
etc

Resources which
Abiotic composed of living things such rocks,
minerals
o : are non -
as

# On the basis of :
Exhaustibility
Renewable : Resources which can be renewed or reproduced
°
by physical mechanical ,

and chemical process such as solar and wind energy , forest , water ele
.
.

Non Renewable Resources which take millions of years in their formation

They
o :
-

.
may
exhaust by excessive use such as petrol coal , fossil fuels ,
etc .

# On the basis of the status of Development :

Developed Resources which are surveyed and their is
° :

determined for utilization coal

quantity
mines
and
quality
.

eg : .

°
Potential : Resources which are found but yet not utilized : sun and wind
e.g
-

in deserts
energy .

Stock : These have potentialto

satisfy human needs but humans don't have
°

technology to access these

Eg Extracting Hz and Oz from H2O
.
: .

be utilised with help of

°
Reserve : These resources can
existing totechnology but are

kept for future requirements eg : water can be used .

generate more

hydroelectricity .

# On the basis of Ownership :

° Individual : Resources owned by individuals eg : plot , house, privately .
car ,
wells ele .

°
Community : Resources which are accessible to all the members of the community
ego.
-

public parks playgrounds, picnic spots

,
e te .

°
National :
Technically ,
available
all the country are national resources
in
resources

of forests, wildlife , land division and political territories

:
.

Oo Resources which are within the political boundary and oceanic

,
area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast
belong to the nation .
 ②

International Resources which International institutions

° :

Oceanic
are
regulated200bynautical miles of the exclusive
.

of : resources beyond
-

zone
belongs to open ocean and no individual country can
utilize them without the concurrence of these international
institutions .

Development of Resources

Resources of different kinds are vital for human survival and also for maintaining
the of life Earlier the resources were taken as free gifts of nature
quality .

and were used

indiscriminately because of which some major problems arise:
o
Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals .

° Accumulation of resource in few hands have divided the society into two
i. e haves and have nots or rich or
segments poor
.

° Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to ecological crisis global

such as
global warming , ozone layer depletion ,
environmental pollution
and land ration
deg .

Therefore , a fair distribution of resources therefore is essential for a

sustained quality of life and global peace This can
. be achieved
through
proper planning .

# Sustainable
without
Development : It means
development should take place
damaging the environment and
development in the
present
should not compromise with the needs of future
generations .

#
Agenda 21 It is : a declaration signed by the world leaders in 1992
at UN CED which took places
,
sustainable
at Rio de Janeiro It aims .
at
archiving
global development .

Resource in India :
#
Planning means
° Resource Planning identification and quantification of the available
with their development
resources
along
It is important in
-

like India , which has

a
country an enormous
°

diversity in availability of resources .

certain
°
There are
regions which are rich in types of
balanced
resources but are

deficient in other resources This calls .

for resources
planning
, regional
at national , state and local levels .

°
Arunachal Pradesh has abundances of water but lacks in infrastructural
development Rajasthan is endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in
.

water resources Cold deserts of Ladakh have rich heritage but lacks in water,
.

infrastructural development and other vital minerals .

 ③

# Process of Resource planning :

This is a technique or skill of proper utilization of Resource
. .

resources .

planning consists of three

stages
-

°
Identification
and resources inventory of -

Involves surveying mapping ,

and measurement of characteristics and
properties and
properties
of resources .

structure endowed with appropriate Technology

Evolving planning
°
a
-

,
skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development
plants .

°
Matching The resources development plans with overall national
-

development plans .

Land Resources

India 's
geographical comprises : area
Plains 43¥ provide facilities for agriculture and industries
Mountains (o#D ensure perennial flow of rivers It provides facilities for tourism
)
o
.

° .

and ecological aspects .

°
Plateau 12¥) possesses rich reserves of minerals fossil fuels and forests ,
.

# Land Utilisation :
used
land resources are for the following purposes :
④ Forest
gig land put to non -

agricultural uses : eg buildings roads , factories etc

,
.

His Net Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net
sown area :

sown area is known as cropped area

gross .

its fallow lands : Land left without cultivation for one or more than one agricultural
year
.

er, other cultivated land Permanent pastures and grazing land

:
,
land under mice -

Cultura ble waste

la neo us tree
crops groves (not included in net sown area ),
land ( left uncultivated for 5 more than agricultural years) .

K' B The land use

pattern in India is determined by both physical factors such as
topography ,
climate , soil types as well as human factors such as
population
density technological
, capability , culture and traditions etc .

land Degradation
The decrease in the quality of land due to human and natural activities which
makes it unfit for cultivation is known as land ration deg .

# Causes of land degradation :

M Pete
°
Overgrazing in States like Gujarat Rajasthan
, ,
.
 ④

o Over
Prorogation
in States like
punjab Haryana and UP due to water logging leading
,

to increase in salinity and

alkalinity in the soil .

°
Mining sites are unused after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and
traces of over burdening .

°
Mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite & soapstone
for ceramic industry generate huge amount of dust in atmosphere It retards the .
process
of infiltration of water into soil after it settles down on land .

°
Industrial effluents as waste has become major source of land and water pollution .

# Measures for Land conservation / Solutions :

°
Afforestation and
proper management of grazing can help to some extent .

° Control on
overgrazing .

°
Control on mining activities .

°
Planting of shelter belts .

°
Proper discharge and
disposal of industrial effluents .

Soil as a Resource

A most important renewable natural resource but takes millions of years to form soil
upto a few centimeter in depth Types
.
of soil :
# Alluvial soil :

This soil
type is most important and widely spread The entire northern plains are
°
.

made of alluvial soil .

leg Parts of:

alluvial soil
-

Gujarat Rajasthan
,
etc )
•
On the basis of age , classified into : can be -

: old alluvial more concentration of Kanker nodules and is less fertile

④
Bangar
(b) Khadar :
,

New alluvial , less concentration of Kanker nodules and B more fertile .

.

°
Alluvial soil consists of potash phosphoric and lime ,
.

°
Ideal for sugarcane , paddy , wheat and other cereal and pulse crops .

# Black soil ( Reg or soil) :

°
Black in colour and ideal for growing cotton So also called black cotton soil . .

o covers the north western Deccan Plateau , plateau of Maharashtra , Saurashtra , Malwa,
-

Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh -

° It is rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium potash and

,

lime .

°
It is made up of fine extremely clayey material and is known for their capacity
to hold moisture .

# Red and Yellow soil :

°
Develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall .

° It covers southern and eastern of part Deccan plateau parts of Chaltisgarh

,
 and Odisha and of Western Ghats piedmont zone .

o soil develops a red colour on diffusion with iron in crystalline and meta -

morphPc rocks Yellow in hydrated form .

.

# laterite soil :
° In the areas of heavy rainfall and
high temperature
° Humus content is low as bacteria die in high temperature .

° Suitable
for cultivation with adequate doses of manures and fertilizers .

° found
in Karnataka , Kerala , Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh and hilly areas ,

of Odisha and Assam .

°
After adopting appropriate soil conservation techniques in areas of
hilly
Karnataka , Kerala and Tamil Nadu this soil is very useful for growing
Tea and coffee Red laterite soil in Tamil Nadu , Kerala and Andhra
.

Pradesh is suitable for

growing cashew nut .

# Arid soil :

°
Ranges from red to brown in colour .

Sandy in texture and saline in nature

climate and soil lacks in humus and moisture
° Due to dry
high temperature ,
content After proper
.

lies in the western

irrigation facilities it is cultivable .

o
part of Rajasthan .

# forest soil :
° found in hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are
available .

The soil texture varies

°
according to mountain environment where
sides and coarse
they are

formed They . are loamy and silty

in valley grained in the
upper slopes .

°
In the snow covered areas , soil experience denudation and are acidic with
-

low humus content Soil found in the lower parts of the valleys on river terraces
.

and alluvial fans are fertile .

Soil Erosion : causes and solutions

The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is called soil
Erosion Caused due to :
.

o
Deforestation & Overgrazing
°
Construction & mining
°
Water flows as a sheet over down the slope This large areas . causes
washing
away of top This is called sheet erosion
.
.

° Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land This is called Wind erosion .

°
land unfit for cultivation Ps called as Bad land .
 Conservation / solution :
steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces . Terrace cultivation
restricts erosion .

°
Afforestation .

° the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the
Ploughing along contour
slopes This is
.

ploughing .

to create shelter belts to break the force of wind

°
Planting lines of trees .

Rows of such called

trees is belts
shelter .

°
large fields are divided into strips strips of grass are left to grow
.

between the crops This breaks the force of wind ; this method is known
.

as strip cropping .
Q1. The process of transformation of things available in our

environment involves an interactive relationship between ?

Q2. How can resources be classified on basis of:

a. Origin

b. Exhaustibility

c. ownership

d. Status of development
Q3. Upto how many kilometers from the coast oceanic area is

termed as territorial water?

Q4. Beyond how many nautical miles, the open ocean starts?

Q5. Which states have enormous potential for development of

wind and solar energy?

Q6. How has exploitation of resources affected the ecological crisis?

Q7. When and where was the first Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit held?
Q8. Which states are rich in mineral and coal deposits?

Q9. Which state has an abundance of water resources?

Q10. Which area has a very rich cultural heritage but is deficient in water,

infrastructure and some vital minerals.

Q11. Assertion: Gandhi ji wanted to replace mass production with production

by the masses.

Reason: Gandhi ji placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative

nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the

global level.

1. Assertion is true but reason is false

2. Assertion is false but reason is true

3. Both assertion and reason are false

4. Both assertion and reason are true

Q12. In which book Gandhi ji’s philosophy was once again presented by

Schumacher?

Q13. How much land in India is Plain?

Q14. How much land in India is covered with rivers?

Q15. How much land in India is the plateau region?

Q16. How much percentage of the total geographical area is available only

for land use in India?

Q17. Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking

appropriate measures to conserve and manage is known as?

Q18. What is the cause of land degradation in states like Jharkhand,

Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha ?

Q19. What is the cause of land degradation in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan,

Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra?

Q20. What is the cause of land degradation in states like Punjab, Haryana,

Western UP?

Q21. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of

running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute

to the formation of__________.

Q17. Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking

appropriate measures to conserve and manage is known as?

Q18. What is the cause of land degradation in states like Jharkhand,

Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha ?

Q19. What is the cause of land degradation in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan,

Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra?

Q20. What is the cause of land degradation in states like Punjab, Haryana,

Western UP?

Q21. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of

running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute

to the formation of__________.

Q22. What is the name of old alluvial soil?

Q23. What is the name of new alluvial soil?

Q24. What ingredients make alluvial soil ideal for the growth of

sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops?

Q25. Black soil is also called?

Q26. Black soil is ideal for growing what?

Q27. Which soil is well-known for their capacity to bold moisture?

Q28. For growing what, red laterite soil is more suitable in Tamil

nadu, AP and Kerala ?

Q29. The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes

deep channels known as______________?

Q30. The Land which becomes unfit for cultivation is known as______?

Q31. Which type of cultivation restricts erosion?

Ans-D,C,D,A,D,A
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
SPECIALLY CONVERTED IN MCQ FORMAT

1. Being a tropical country, India has enormous possibilities of

tapping solar energy. Choose the correct way to popularize its
maximum use. (2021)
a) Making people aware about renewable energy resources
b) use of rooftop solar panels
c) solar street lighting
d) All of the above
2. A concerted effort has to be made for sustainable development.
Choose appropriate steps for conserving our mineral resources for
the future. (2021)
a) Recycling of metals
b) Not disposing wastes
c) Using polythene bags.
d) None of the above
3. What is Sustainable development? (2020)
a) Creating deep channels.
b) Present generation fulfils its needs while considering the needs of the
future generation as well.
c) To satisfy the needs of the present generation only.
d) Development of resources
4. Choose the resources on the basis of origin. (2018)
a) Biotic and Abiotic resources.
b) Potential and developed resources
c) Renewable and Non-renewable resources.
d) National and community

SHOBHIT NIRWAN
5. What do you understand by a ‘Resource’? Give examples(2015)
Ans. Everything available in our environment which can be used to
satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically
accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it
can be termed as a ‘Resource’. Examples are: minerals, forests, fossil
fuels etc
6. Give any two examples of non-renewable resources. (2015)
a) Sunlight
b) Houses
c) Flora
d) Fossil fuels
7. Which factor is mainly responsible for maximum land
degradation in India? (2015)
a) Resource planning
b) Wind erosion
c) Overgrazing
d) Over irrigation
8. In what broad category do the soils of Maharashtra fall?(2014)
a) Alluvial soil
b) Black soil
c) Arid soil
d) Forest soil
9. Which of the following is not a way to protect land from
degradation in various states of India? (2021)
a) Afforestation
b) Planting shelterbelts
c) Control of mining activities
d) Deforestation

SHOBHIT NIRWAN
10. Write the classification of resources on four different bases.
(2015,3M)
Ans. Resources can be classified in the following four ways:
(a) On the basis of Origin:
• Biotic
• Abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility:
• Renewable
• Non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownership:
• Individual (Personal)
• Community
• National
• International
(d) On the basis of status and development:
• Potential
• Developed
• Reserve
• Stock
11. Which of the following is not a stage of ‘resource planning?
(2015)
a) surveying of the resources.
b) Evolving a planning
c) Defective methods of farming
d) Matching the resource development plans with overall national
development plans

SHOBHIT NIRWAN
12. Where is Black/regur soil distributed in India? (2015)
a) Basalt region
b) mountainous areas
c) Deccan Trap region
d) Northern fertile plains
13. “Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of
resources in a country like India”. Justify this statement with two
relevant points and an example. (2013,3M)
Ans. 1. There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are
deficient in some other resources. For example: Arunachal has abundance of
water but lacks infrastructural development.
2. There are some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of
availability of resources. For example: The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh
and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
3. There are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital
resources. For example: The state of Rajasthan is well endowed with solar
and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
14. Explain the concept of resource conservation as voiced by
Gandhiji. (2014,3M)
Ans. Gandhiji voiced his concern about resource conservation in these Words:
“There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.” He
placed the greedy and selfish individuals as the root cause for resource
depletion at the global level. He was against ‘mass production’ and wanted to
replace it with ‘production by the masses.’
1. Indiscriminate use of resources by human beings has led to the depletion of
resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
2. Irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources leads to
socio-economic and environmental problems.
15. Choose the type of soil erosion. (2013)
a) Gully
b) Contour
c) Terrace
d) Shelter

SHOBHIT NIRWAN
16. ‘The challenge of sustainable development requires control
over industrial pollution.’ Substantiate the statement with
examples. (2020,5M)
Ans. i. On one hand Industries lead to extensive industrial growth and
expansion, on the other hand these are also the cause of environmental
degradation which prompt the different types of air, water pollution.
ii. There is an increasing requirement to use a further sustainable model.
iii. Industries must produce eco-friendly products and dump wastes
responsibly.
iv. Use of the latest technology can help industries to control pollution
and lead towards a sustainable mode of operation.
v. Industries use- Reuse-Recycle-Refuse approach.
17. What are the characteristics of Regur soils? (2015)
a) Present in Reddish colour
b) Sandy and saline in nature
c) Acidic in nature
d) Made up of clayey material
18. What is the example of Individual resources? (2014)
a) Pasture lands
b) Picnic spots
c) Forests
d) Exclusive economic zones
19. What is not the measure to solve problems of land degradation
(2014)
a) Afforestation
b) Deforestation
c) Control on mining activities
d) Planting shelterbelts

SHOBHIT NIRWAN
20. Write the main characteristics of arid soils. [5M, 2014]
1. Arid soils range from red to brown in colour.
2. They have a sandy texture.
3. They are saline in nature. In areas where salt content in high,
common salt is obtained by evaporation.
4. Arid soil lacks humus and is moisture deficient.
5. The lower horizons of the soil have kankars because of high calcium
content which restricts infiltration of water.
6. Proper irrigation helps make these soils cultivable, e.g., Western
Rajasthan

ANSWERS:
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. A
5.
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. D
10.
11. C
12. C
13.
14.
15. A
16.
17. D
18. A
19. B
20.

SHOBHIT NIRWAN