Internet

The internet is a global system that uses TCP/IP protocol suite to link various types of electric devices worldwide.
The internet is a collection of interconnected devices that are spread across the globe. The internet is a network of
networks which consist of public, private, sales, finance, academic, business, and government networks. The internet
is a type of network and called a network of networks.

Intranet is a private network which gives employees in a company the ability to organise information, manage
documents, shares calendars and to-do list. It normally runs in a client/server environment in a local area network. In
Intranet, every computer is connected via the LAN and has something known as an MAC address. It is a number
that allows you to identify the place where the computer is located.

How Does Internet Works?

The Internet is a network build by the interconnection of a large number of computer networks that is not owned by
any entity. It is not admin by any administration any person in the world can join it.TCP/IP protocol is the main
impelling agent for the internet used by the connected networks apart from other protocols like FTP, HTTP, and
SMTP.

How Does Intranet Works?

An intranet is a private computer network that uses internet protocols, network connectivity to access and share an
enterprise information and operations securely with its staff.It uses the same client-server model that runs on the
TCP/IP protocol suite, which is very much similar to the internet. Information within an organization can be
retrieved with the help of browsers. It could also work without the need to installing special software on the user's
machines.

Features of the Internet

Here are some important features of the Internet:

 A global network which connects millions of computers

 The internet is decentralized
 Every computer over the internet is independent
 There are various ways to access the internet

Features of Intranet
Here, are important features of Intranet

 Intranet is fast and accurate.

 Most website with large graphical images, videos, and sound, process fast on Intranet
 Your firewall protects it from external threats.
 It is easy to monitor with your organization
 Easy communication across the company from all levels
 Helps to share ideas and discussions

Difference Between Internet and Intranet

Here, are important differences between Internet and Intranet:

 Internet Intranet

The Internet is a wide network of computers Intranet is a network of computers

and is available to all.
designed for a certain group of users.

Internet contains a large number of Intranet can be accessed from the Internet
intranets. with specific restrictions.

Number of internet users are very high. Number of users is limited.

Internet contains various source of Intranet only contains group-specific

information. information.

Anyone can access the internet Accessible only by the organization

employees or admin who have

login details.

It is not as safe as compared to intranet Safe and secure network.

It is a public network. It is a private network.

Application of Internet

Here, are important applications of Internet

Download programs and files

To send and receive E-Mails

Voice and video Conferencing

E-Commerce

File sharing

Browsing various types of Information

Search the web addresses for access through the search engine and chatting

Application of Intranet
 Sharing the detail of company rules/policies & regulations
 Access employee database
 Access product & customer data
 Sharing some common information
 Intranet also use for launching personal or department-specific home pages
 Submission of reports
 Corporate telephone directories

Advantages of Internet

Here, are pros/benefits of using the Internet

The Internet is a network of computers at different locations around the world.

Allows you to send an email message from every location

Helps you to send or receive files between different computers

Using the Internet, you can participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and newsgroups.

It allows all small, medium, and large size businesses to sell their products with small investments.

It makes information available worldwide

It helps you updated with the latest news and technologies.

It helps us meet people with the same interests as communities, forums, chats, websites, etc.

Advantages of Intranet

Here, are pros/benefits of Intranet:

Fast, easy, low-cost to implement

Based on open standards

Allows connectivity with other systems

Access to internal and external information

Improves communication

Disadvantages of Internet

Here, are important cons/drawback of using the internet:

It allows everybody to speak about everything without any limitations or censorship. That could be a bad influence
on impressionable minds.

The search engines may display some fake news results.

Internet could replace face to face collaborations and make us lose the human touch.

Working or on the internet is surely tiring.

The Internet makes us lazier – as for common things like search the nearest restaurant or finding the best hotel.

Disadvantages of Intranet

Here, are drawbacks/cons of Intranet

Threat of sharing information and the loss of control

Unauthorized access

Limited bandwidth for the business

Information overload lowers productivity

Hidden or unknown complexity and costs

Network
The network is two or more connected computer which can share resource like a printer,
an internet connection, application, etc. It is a collection of computer systems and devices
which are linked together using a wireless network or via communication devices and
transmission media.The network provides connectivity between computers and devices
within a restricted range where only one entity is controlled or authorized to manage the
entire system.
Types of Networks:
Three types of Networks are:

1) LAN (Local Area Network):

LAN is a network that connects a small number of the system in a relatively close
geographical area. E.g., a floor or nearby surrounding of a building.

2) MAN (Metropolitan area Network):

It is a communication infrastructure that has been developed in and around large cities.

3) WAN (Wide Area Network:

It is a network that connects two or more local-area networks over a large geographic
distance. A WAN spans across a large geographic area, such as a state, province or
country.

Why do you need a Network?

The network offers the following advantages:

Networks provide a fast and effective method for sharing & transferring files
The network version of most software programs is available at considerable savings as
compared to buying seat licensed copy for each of them.
You don't need to load all the software on every computer. Instead, load in the primary
server and use on every computer connected to the network.
Easy connectivity and fast communication
Internet Access Sharing
Helps you in performance enhancement and load balancing

Why do you need Internet?

The network provides connectivity between computers and devices within a restricted
range. In this system, only one entity is controlled or authorized to manage the entire
system.

The Internet is a network of computers at different locations around the world.

Allows you to send an email message from every location
Helps you to send or receive files between different computers
Using the Internet, you can participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and
newsgroups.
It allows all small, medium and large size businesses to sell their products with less
investments.
  It makes information available worldwide. So there's no need to look for
a good book in different libraries, as you can search for information over
the Internet.
 It helps you updated with the latest news and technologies.
 It helps us meet people with the same interests as communities, forums,
chats, websites, etc.
 It eases bills payment by facilitating bill payment online with the credit
card and saves us time spent to stand up in the queue.
Features of Network
Here, are important features of Network:

Offers high capacity Load Balancing

Indoor as well as Outdoor coverage options
Determining by the weighted algorithm
Web Content/Application Filtering
Features of Internet
Here, are some important features of the Internet:

A global network which connects millions of computers

The internet is decentralized
Every computer over the internet is independent
There are various ways to access the internet
Network vs. Internet
Parameter Network Internet
Connect networks
Connection Connect the system using different parameters.
across the world.
Connectivit One entity has administrative rights to manage the No entity controls the
y network system.
Millions of computer
Hundreds or a few thousand number of PC, get linked at
Amount get
one time.
linked at one time.
To get the
knowledge
Objective To exchange data and collaborate with peers.
and communicate
over the Internet.
Parameter Network Internet
Local Area Network, Wide Area Network, Campus Area
Type World Wide Web.
Network, and Home Area Network.
Disadvantages of Network
The network requires hardware, software which demands high initial setup costs.
Some time it invites undesirable sharing.
It may invite illegal or Undesirable behavior.
Data security is quite a big concern in networking.
Regular maintenance of a network needs considerable time and expertise.
Disadvantages of Internet
It allows everybody to speak about everything without any limitations or censorship. Could
be a bad influence on impressionable minds.
The search engines may display some unrelated results.
Internet could replace face to face collaborations and make us lose the human touch.
People working on internet-related fields need high speeds.
Working constantly with or on the internet is surely tiring.
The Internet makes us more a lazier – as for common thing like search the nearest
restaurant or finding the best hotel.
It makes information available worldwide. So there's no need to look for a good book in
different libraries, as you can search for information over the Internet.
It helps you updated with the latest news and technologies.
It helps us meet people with the same interests as communities, forums, chats, websites, etc.
It eases bills payment by facilitating bill payment online with the credit card and saves us
time spent to stand up in the queue.
Hardware and Software Requirements for Internet connection:
The following are the methods of connecting a computer to the Internet using software and
hardware peripherals.

Three
• Connecting a computer using Wireless Broadband

• Connecting a computer using an Ethernet Cable

• Connecting a Computer Using Dial-Up Community

Hardware Requirement :
• To connect the Internet, any one of the following is mandatory.
• Modem is used to connect Internet thorugh Telephoneconnection.
• NIC- Network Interface Card(wired/ wireless) facility is the most important hardware
required to connect Internet. For example, the Laptop can be connected Internet through
the wired/wireless.
• Dongle is used to connect the Internet using cellular network
• Wi-Fi router or Hotspot is used to connect the Internet using wireless network
• Electronic device which supports cellular network
• Internet Connectivity such as Dial-up connection, ISDN, DSL, Cable TV, wired and
wireless (Cellular) Network.

Software Requirement
• The operating system should support TCP (Transfer Control Protocol) / IP (Internet
Protocol), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), HTTP
(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secured)
protocols.

• Browsers and other Internet clients access to the web applications such as Outlook,
Gmail, Whatsapp, Facebook, Twitter and etc.
Connection Types:
The following methods are able to connect internet.
Dial-up Connection :
A dial-up connection is established when two or more data communication devices use a
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to connect to an Internet Service Provider
(ISP) from computers. Many remote locations depend on Internet dial-up connections
because broadband and cable are rare in remote areas with low population. Internet
Service Providers often provide dial-up connections, a feasible alternative for budget-
conscious subscribers.
ISDN

ISDN is the acronym of Integrated Services Digital Network. It establishes the connection using the phone lines
(PSTN) which carry digital signals instead of analog signals. It is a set of communication standards for simultaneous
digital transmission of data, voice, video, and other services over the traditional circuits of the public switched
telephone network. There are two techniques to deliver ISDN services such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and
Primary Rate Interface (PRI).

DSL:

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a high-speed Internet service for homes and businesses that competes with cable
and other forms of broadband Internet. DSL provides high-speed networking over ordinary Telephone lines using
broadband modem technology. The technology behind DSL enables Internet and telephone service to work over the
same phone line without requiring customers to disconnect either their Voice or Internet connections.

Cable TV Internet Connection (setup box):

The cable TV network can be used for connecting a computer or a local network to the Internet, competing directly
with DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology.This type of network is classified as HFC (Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial), as
it uses both fiber optics and coaxial cables. The connection between the cable TV company to the distribution points
(Optical nodes) is made using fiber optics, with distances up to 25 miles (40 km). Each optical node is typically
serves between 500 and 2,000 clients (customers).

Satellite Internet Connection:

Satellite Internet access is Internet access provided through satellite communication for domestic and enterprise
usage. The facility of modern consumer grade satellite Internet service is typically provided to individual users
through geostationary satellites . It provides fairly high data speeds, along with latest satellites using Ka-band to
attain downstream data speeds up to 50 Mbps internet speed.

Wireless Internet Connection:

It is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. Devices that
can use Wi-Fi technology include personal computers, video-game consoles, phones and tablets, digital cameras,
smart TVs, digital audio players and modern printers. Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the Internet via a
WLAN and a wireless access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (66 feet)
indoors and a greater range of outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that block
radio waves, or as large as many square kilometres achieved by using multiple overlapping access points.

An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides many different services for accessing, using, or
participating in the Internet. Internet service providers can be organized in various forms, such as commercial,
community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
Internet services typically provided by ISPs can include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration,
web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation.An ISP typically serves as the access point or the gateway that provides
a user, access to everything available on the Internet.

World Wide Web.

World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system where
documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs, such as
https://example.com/), which may be interlinked by hyperlinks, and are accessible over the
Internet. The resources of the Web are transferred via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
may be accessed by users by a software application called a web browser, and are published by a
software application called a web server.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) colloquially termed a web address is a reference to a web
resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A
URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two
terms interchangeably.URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http), but are also
used for file transfer (ftp), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.
Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical
URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html, which indicates a protocol
(http), a hostname (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html).
In simple words, WWW is just a common point of connectivity for information sharing that is
facilitated by a global network of computers.

The internet, on the other hand, is a connection between computers and countless other devices
that form a huge network of systems.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is one set of software services running on the Internet. The
Internet itself is a global, interconnected network of computing devices. This network supports a
wide variety of interactions and communications between its devices. The World Wide Web is a
subset of these interactions and supports websites and URIs.

Differences between WWW and Internet

WWW (World Wide Web) Internet

The World Wide Web is the common system for The internet is a public network of network
navigating the internet. It is not the only system that with a maze of wired and wireless
can be used for such access, but it is by far the connections between separate groups of
most common one. servers computers and countless devices
from around the world
 The World Wide Web is distinguished from other Along with Internters, there also exist the
systems through its use of HTTP (Hypertext Intranets, which is the same type of
Transfer Protocol). It can be safely said that the information network but more privatized in
HTTP is the language of the World Wide Web order to control access.

WWW is more software-oriented as compared to Internet is primarily hardware-based.

the Internet

The HTTP along with being the language of the The internet is governed by a set of rules and
World Wide Web also governs it by dealing with regulations collectively known as Internet
linking of files, documents and other resources Protocol (IP). The IP deals with data
transmitted through the internet.

The invention of the World Wide Web can be The first workable prototype of the Internet
credited to Sir Tim Berners Lee. During his work at was the ARPANET (Advanced Research
the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Project Agency Network) in the late 1960s.
1989, he had developed the basic idea of the After its adoption on January 1st 1983,
WWW to merge the evolving technologies of researchers began to develop a “network of
computers, data networks and hypertext into a networks” which evolved into the modern form
powerful and easy to use global information of the Internet
system.
Internet Resources means all Domain Names, electronic addresses, uniform resource locators
(URL), websites, mobile apps, databases, Internet blogs, social media sites (e.g., Facebook,
YouTube, Twitter), adtech platforms, DSPs, SSPs, data brokers, and similar online resources.
Networks
1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
The smallest and most basic type of network, a PAN is made up of a wireless modem, a
computer or two, phones, printers, tablets, etc., and revolves around one person in one building.
These types of networks are typically found in small offices or residences, and are managed by
one person or organization from a single device.
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
We’re confident that you’ve heard of these types of networks before – LANs are the most
frequently discussed networks, one of the most common, one of the most original and one of the
simplest types of networks. LANs connect groups of computers and low-voltage devices together
across short distances (within a building or between a group of two or three buildings in close
proximity to each other) to share information and resources. Enterprises typically manage and
maintain LANs.Using routers, LANs can connect to wide area networks (WANs, explained
below) to rapidly and safely transfer data.
3. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
Functioning like a LAN, WLANs make use of wireless network technology, such as Wi-Fi.
Typically seen in the same types of applications as LANs, these types of networks don’t require
that devices rely on physical cables to connect to the network.
4. Campus Area Network (CAN)
Larger than LANs, but smaller than metropolitan area networks (MANs, explained below), these
types of networks are typically seen in universities, large K-12 school districts or small
businesses. They can be spread across several buildings that are fairly close to each other so
users can share resources.
5. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
These types of networks are larger than LANs but smaller than WANs – and incorporate
elements from both types of networks. MANs span an entire geographic area (typically a town or
city, but sometimes a campus). Ownership and maintenance is handled by either a single person
or company (a local council, a large company, etc.).

6. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Slightly more complex than a LAN, a WAN connects computers together across longer physical
distances. This allows computers and low-voltage devices to be remotely connected to each other
over one large network to communicate even when they’re miles apart.
The Internet is the most basic example of a WAN, connecting all computers together around the
world. Because of a WAN’s vast reach, it is typically owned and maintained by multiple
administrators or the public.
7. Storage-Area Network (SAN)
As a dedicated high-speed network that connects shared pools of storage devices to several
servers, these types of networks don’t rely on a LAN or WAN. Instead, they move storage
resources away from the network and place them into their own high-performance network.
SANs can be accessed in the same fashion as a drive attached to a server. Types of storage-area
networks include converged, virtual and unified SANs.
8. System-Area Network (also known as SAN)
This term is fairly new within the past two decades. It is used to explain a relatively local
network that is designed to provide high-speed connection in server-to-server applications
(cluster environments), storage area networks (called “SANs” as well) and processor-to-
processor applications. The computers connected on a SAN operate as a single system at very
high speeds.
9. Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN)
As an alternative to traditional switch-based Ethernet LANs, POLAN technology can be
integrated into structured cabling to overcome concerns about supporting traditional Ethernet
protocols and network applications such as PoE (Power over Ethernet). A point-to-multipoint
LAN architecture, POLAN uses optical splitters to split an optical signal from one strand of
singlemode optical fiber into multiple signals to serve users and devices.
10. Enterprise Private Network (EPN)
These types of networks are built and owned by businesses that want to securely connect its
various locations to share computer resources.
11. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
By extending a private network across the Internet, a VPN lets its users send and receive data as
if their devices were connected to the private network – even if they’re not. Through a virtual
point-to-point connection, users can access a private network remotely.
Protocol is a standard set of rules that allow electronic devices to communicate with
each other. These rules include what type of data may be transmitted, what commands
are used to send and receive data, and how data transfers are confirmed.
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 Internet Protocol (IP)
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
 Post office Protocol (POP)
 Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
 Telnet
 Gopher

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of

communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP is also
used as a communications protocol in a private computer network (an intranet or extranet).
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a popular communication protocol which is used
for communicating over a network. It divides any message into series of packets that are sent
from source to destination and there it gets reassembled at the destination.
Internet Protocol (IP): IP is designed explicitly as addressing protocol. It is mostly used with
TCP. The IP addresses in packets help in routing them through different nodes in a network until
it reaches the destination system. TCP/IP is the most popular protocol connecting the networks.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a substitute communication protocol to Transmission
Control Protocol implemented primarily for creating loss-tolerating and low-latency linking
between different applications.
Post office Protocol (POP): POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails.
Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is designed to send and distribute outgoing E-
Mail.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP allows users to transfer files from one machine to another.
Types of files may include program files, multimedia files, text files, and documents, etc.
HTTP is designed on Client-server principles which allow a client system for establishing a
connection with the server machine for making a request. The server acknowledges the request
initiated by the client and responds accordingly.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): HTTPS is abbreviated as Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol Secure is a standard protocol to secure the communication among two computers one
using the browser and other fetching data from web server. HTTP is used for transferring data
between the client browser (request) and the web server (response) in the hypertext format, same
in case of HTTPS except that the transferring of data is done in an encrypted format. So it can be
said that https thwart hackers from interpretation or modification of data throughout the transfer
of packets.
Telnet: Telnet is a set of rules designed for connecting one system with another. The connecting
process here is termed as remote login. The system which requests for connection is the local
computer, and the system which accepts the connection is the remote computer.
Gopher: Gopher is a collection of rules implemented for searching, retrieving as well as
displaying documents from isolated sites. Gopher also works on the client/server principle.
Extranet :
Extranet is a private network and it is owned by a single or multiple organization. Since, it is a
private network therefore no one can access it without a valid username and password. It acts as
a medium to share the information between the internal and external members. It is more secure
network and managed by numerous organizations.

O Internet Extranet

1. It is used as public network. Whereas it is used as private network.

An internet is less secure

because it has zero security While the extranet is more secure than
2. level in the firewall. the Internet.

In the case of the Internet, Whereas in the case of extranet, no

anyone can access it without a one can access it without a valid
3. valid username and password. username and password.

A large number of users can Whereas here, a limited number of

4. access the Internet. users can access the extranet.
O Internet Extranet

An internet acts as a tool for Whereas it acts as a medium to share

sharing information all over the the information between the internal
5. world. and external members.

An internet is not owned by Whereas extranet is owned by a single

6. anyone. or multiple organization.

An Internet is not managed by Unlike the internet, it is managed by

7. either authority. numerous organizations.

An internet is the largest Whereas in the case of extranet, it is

network in the case of number of small in terms of connected devices as
8. connected devices. compared to the internet.

An internet is less costly than Whereas in the case of extranet, it is

9. extranet. more costly.

It’s users are the employees of the

10. It’s users are the general public. organization which are connected.

It is owned by single or multiple

11. It is not owned by anyone. organization.

There is no regulating authority It is regulated by multiple

12. for Internet. organizations.

It is maintained by CIO, HR or
communication department of an
13. It is maintained by ISP. organization.

14. It is the network of networks. It is derived from Intranet.

Example: DELL and Intel using

Example: What we are normally network for business related
15. using is Internet. operations.
Difference between Internet, Intranet and Extranet :

Point of
difference Internet Intranet Extranet

Accessibility
of network Public Private Private

To share
information with
suppliers and
vendors it male the
Specific to an use of public
Availability Global system. organization. network.

Restricted area upto

Restricted area an organization and
All over the upto an some of its
Coverage world. organization. stakeholders or so.

Accessible only to
the members of
It is accessible It is accessible only organization and
Accessibility to everyone to the members of external members
of content connected. organization. with logins.

It is largest in The connected

No. of number of The minimal devices are
computers connected number of devices comparable with
connected devices. are connected. Intranet.

Single/ Multiple
Owner No one. Single organization. organization.

It’s purpose is It’s purpose is to

to share It’s purpose is to share information
information share information between members
Purpose of throughout the throughout the and external,
the network world. organization. members.
 Point of
difference Internet Intranet Extranet

It is dependent
on the user of It is enforced via
the device firewall that
connected to It is enforced via separates internet
Security network. firewall. and extranet.

Employees of the
Employees of the organization which
Users General public. organization. are connected.

There is no
hard and fast Policies of the Policies of the
Policies rule for organization are organization are
behind setup policies. imposed. imposed.

It is maintained by It is maintained by
CIO. HR or CIO. HR or
communication communication
It is maintained department of an department of an
Maintenance by ISP. organization. organization.

It is more
economical to It is less It is also less
Economical use. economical. economical.

It is the
network of It is derived from It is derived from
Relation networks. Internet. Intranet.

WIPRO using DELL and Intel

What we are internal network for using network for its
normally using its business business
Example is internet. operations. operations.
Domain Name
A domain name is a string of text that maps to a numeric IP address, used to access a website
from client software. In plain English, a domain name is the text that a user types into a browser
window to reach a particular website. For instance, the domain name for Google is ‘google.com’.

The actual address of a website is a complex numerical IP address (e.g. 103.21.244.0), but thanks
to DNS, users are able to enter human-friendly domain names and be routed to the websites they
are looking for. This process is known as a DNS lookup.
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a generic term for the names of all resources connected
to the World Wide Web.

URIs enable the protocols over the internet to conduct the interactions between and among
resources. URIs take the form of strings of characters that server as identifiers: names and
addresses to connected devices and other resources. The most common form URI is the Uniform
Resource Locator (URL) —web address — which unambiguously describes and locates a public
website or other web-connected resource.

Difference between URL and URI:

URL URI

URI provides a technique for

URL is used to describe the identity of an item. defining the identity of an item.

URL links a web page, a component of a web URI is used to distinguish one
page or a program on a web page with the help resource from other regardless of
of accessing methods like protocols. the method used.

URL provides the details about what type of URI doesn’t contains the protocol
protocol is to be used. specification.

URL is a type of URI. URI is the superset of URL.

Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides many different services for
accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. Internet service providers can be organized in
various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
Internet services typically provided by ISPs can include Internet access, Internet transit, domain
name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation.An ISP typically serves as the
access point or the gateway that provides a user access to everything available on the Internet.
The term Internet service provider (ISP) refers to a company that provides access to the Internet
to both personal and business customers. ISPs make it possible for their customers to surf the
web, shop online, conduct business, and connect with family and friends—all for a fee. ISPs may
also provide other services including email services, domain registration, web hosting, and
browser packages. An ISP may also be referred to as an information service provider, a storage
service provider, an Internet service provider (INSP), or any combination of these three based on
the services the company offers.
ISPs may also provide software packages (such as browsers), e-mail accounts, and a personal
Web site or home page. ISPs can host Web sites for businesses and can also build the Web sites
themselves. ISPs are all connected to each other through network access points, public network
facilities on the Internet backbone.

Hardware needed

Modem

The primary piece of hardware you need is a modem.

The type of Internet access you choose will determine the type of
modem you need. Dial-up access uses a telephone
modem, DSL service uses a DSL modem, cable access uses a cable
modem, and satellite service uses a satellite adapter.