Preventive Aspect of Vyayama (Physical Exercise) : January 2015
Preventive Aspect of Vyayama (Physical Exercise) : January 2015
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VOL 3 eISSN
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
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Bagde A. B.1*, Sawant R.S.2, Sawai R.V.3, Dhimdhime S.R.4, Swami N.B.5
2. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Rasa-Shastra & Bhaisahjya kalpana, Smt. K.G.M.P. Ayurved
College, Charni road, Mumbai – 02
3. Associate Professor, Dept. of Samhita, Govt. Ayurved College, Nanded, M.S. 431601
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Bagde A. B. et. al., Preventive Aspect of Vyayama (Physical Exercise), Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015; 3(1):6-10
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some conclusions.
micturation), dantadhavan (cleaning the teeth),
Page
Bagde A. B. et. al., Preventive Aspect of Vyayama (Physical Exercise), Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015; 3(1):6-10
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performs vyayama regularly. Vardhakya (old age) digestion and maintain health. Due to exercise,
does not attract him quickly and the muscle of his overall body nourishment, luster and body curves
body becomes strong. It makes the body beautiful improve. It improves stability of body, brings
even of those people who are deficient in age, lightness, removes laziness and creates tolerance
physique and qualities. The person, who performs towards tiredness, Trishna (thirst), fatigue, aatap
daily exercise, can digest unhealthy and (heat) and sheet (cold). [20]
improperly cooked food without any kind of
Ativyayama Sevana Janya Vyadhi (diseases due
difficulty. [10] Acharya Charak mentioned that
to excess of exercise)
avoidance of physical exercise lead to Prameha
Excessive practice of vyayama gives rise to Sharma
vyadhi (diabetes mellitus). [11] Acharya Sushruta
(tiredness), Klama (exhaustion), Kshaya (depletion
also mention that vyayama (physical activity) is
of body tissues),Trishna (excessive thirst),
best for reducing sthulta (obesity). [12]
Raktapitta (bleeding from different parts of the
Matra of Vyayama body), Pratamaka (darkness in front of eyes), Kasa
In all the seasons, vyayama should be performed (cough), Jwara (fever) and Chardi (vomiting). [21]
by persons as per their bala i.e. (half of total Excess practice of vyayama causes Urakshata
strength otherwise it harms. [13] Some Acharyas (wound in the chest), because of which blood, pus
considered balardha as; when there is profuse and mucus come out while coughing. [22] Acharya
sweat appears at axilla, forehead, on nose, on arms, Vagbhata also mentions that excess vyayama is so
and shoulder. Generally these symptoms are noted harmful that it may even cause the death of a
on exertion so to prevent over exertion, Acharyas person. [23]
may be advised to stop vyayama after getting these
type of symptoms. [14] Acharya Vagbhata also Vyayama varjya (Contra-indications of
opines the same as Sushruta by advising balardha exercise)
as a matra of vyayama. [15] This amount will differ Vyayama is contraindicated for person who is
from person to person, depending upon body type, suffering from the diseases of Vata and Pitta dosha,
age and overall health. In the cold season and in below age ten years, those older than seventy
the spring season it is advised to do exercises up to years, pregnant women and after taking food.
half depletion of energy, but in summer, rainy and Person having vatika constitution and who speaks
autumn season less than half of the energy should too much and loudly, one who is suffer from
be consumed. [16] hunger or thirst should abstain from vyayama. [24]
Vyayama should be avoided by one suffering from
Acharya Charak also mentions that one who Raktapitta (bleeding from different parts of the
indulges in these and similar other activities in body), Rajayashma (Tuberculosis), Shwasa
excess, suddenly perishes just as the lion which (dyspnoea), Kasa (cough), wound, who are
tries to vanquish an elephant by force suddenly. emaciated due to excessive sexual activity. [25]
[17] Rigorous exercises should not be started all of a
sudden but always gradually slowly increasing the Vyayama should be avoided in persons suffering
time. from Ajeerna (Indigestion), Navajwara (fever)
udakodara, Raktapitta (bleeding disorders),
Samyaga Vyayama lakashana (Sign of proper
Mutrakruchra (dysuria), Vatarakta vyadhi (gout),
exercise)
Karna roga, Asthibhagna (fracture of bones),
Appearance of sweat, increase of respiration,
bhagandhara and Jalodar (ascites). Vyayama is
feeling of lightness of the whole body and feeling of
contraindicated for people who are in grip of
blockage in the region of the heart and such other
anger, emotional distress, dukha (grief) and bahya
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Vyayama as Treatment
Vyayama is prescribed in the treatment of the Satpute AD et al in his article reveals role of
disease caused by the suppression of urge of Vyayama in Sports medicine mentioned in
vomiting. [29] Almost all Acharyas of Ayurveda Ayurveda which. The training in sports is of prime
included vyayama as one of the line of treatment in importance for fitness, and involves physical
many diseases, such as in the treatment of exercise, which improves the tonicity and strength
sthuolyata (obesity), tandra (stupor) and diseases of muscles and also tones up cardiac and
related to kapha vrudhi etc. respiratory functions. As mentioned above ancient
Ayurvedists know of these benefits and have
Precautions after vyayama stressed upon regular Vyayama (exercise)
After doing proper vyayama, the entire body notmerely as a part of sports but as a daily
should be massaged mildly (comfortably). [30] regimen they also know that apart from many
general advantages, Musculature is developed due
DISCUSSION to Vyayama. Sushrata (100 BC) and Vagbara (300
Ayurveda also gives an importance to the physical AD) called it Suvibhaktata and Vibhakta Gatratvam.
exercise for the maintenance of good health. Endurance to high amount of stress is indicated by
According to Ayurveda the consequences resulting charaka (200 BC) as Duhkha Sahishnuta and by
from physical exercise are not only lightness of the Vaghhata (300 AD) as Karma Samarthya i.e.
body capacity for work, collectedness, power of capacity to strain to maximum extent. In fact,
enduring hardship; but also it removes of all strength is a function of Nero-Musculo-Skeletal
imperfections and augmentation of the digestive system and closely related to muscle cross-
fire. Therefore, vyayama has both the values: sectional area. Its development is indispensable for
preventive and curative. [31] Vyayama is also one of success in sports. [34]
the treatments which have been prescribed in
Ayurveda for the twenty types of diseases and Samiran Mondal et al in his article Science of
disorders caused by Kapha. Again, the Caraka Exercise: Ancient Indian Origin concludes that
samhita, in the section of Vimana, has Charak Samhita, the world oldest living evidence of
recommended the physical exercise as a treatment exercise therapy literature prescribed exercises to
for phlegm. There, it prescribes running (dhavana), cure and minimize consequences for different
jumping (larighana), leaping (plavana) walking types of diseases, and life style diseases (diabetes,
about (parisarana), night- keeping (jagarana), obesity etc.). It clearly suggested vyayama
pugilistic combat (boxing- niyuddha) and athletic (exercise) for the body and yoga for the mind and
exercise etc. for the vitiated kapha. The way soul. So, the Yogavyayama is for the sustained
vyayama works against the phlegm can be development of total human. Finally, from the
understood in the following description too given ancient time India was very much familiar with the
by Charaka. [32] benefits of exercise, however it was ignored. In the
Origin of Science of Exercise, ancient Indian and
Taber's cyclopedic medical Dictionary has defined specially Charak Samhita’s contribution should be
the term physical activity and exercise as follows incorporated in all the appropriate places. [35]
"A general term for any sort of muscular effort but
especially the kinds intended to train condition or CONCLUSION
increase flexibility of the muscular and skeletal Vyayama is an essential component of Ayurved
systems of the body" 10 Nevertheless, according to system of preventative health care, rejuvenation
the discussion made above, it is clear that the and longevity. It should be always performed by
9
vyayama or physical exercise mentioned in considering age, physique, habitat, nature of food,
Page
Ayurveda is not mere external physical exercise season and strength otherwise the person gets
which supports the muscular and skeletal systems affected by various diseases. Excessive exercise
of the body. Vyayama works for the perfect health should not be done in any condition. After doing
or 'physical fitness' which provides "the ability to Vyayama all parts of body become well developed
carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, and in good form. Proper vyayama brings lightness
without undue fatigue and with ample energy to of the body, ability to work hard, stability in whole
enjoy leisure-time pursuits and meet unforeseen body, resistance to discomfort, pain and alleviation
emergencies"'. The definition on 'exercise and of doshas along with stimulation of Agni (digestive
physical conditioning' done in the Encyclopedia power). Vyayama is contra indicated in various
Britannica: "the training of the body to improve its conditions like menstruation, pregnancy, old age
function and enhance its fitness." is the aim of (more than 70 years) and child and in certain
vyayama in Ayurveda. [33] diseases like Ajeerna (Indigestion), Jwara (fever),
Bagde A. B. et. al., Preventive Aspect of Vyayama (Physical Exercise), Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015; 3(1):6-10
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
ISSUE 1 (2015) 2348-0173
Kustha (leprosy), Arsha (piles) etc. Vyayama is Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary,
Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.177.
used as a line of treatment in the management of
19. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor,
some diseases, such as Sthuolyata (obesity), Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary,
Prameha (Diabetes) kaphaja vyadhis etc. In the end Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.175.
we can conclude that Vyayama play a vital role in 20. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor, Sushruta Samhita,
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2007.p.107.
maintaining and improving the health of an
21. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor,
individual. Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary,
Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.175.
REFERENCES 22. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor, Sushruta Samhita,
1. Atrideva Gupta, editor, Ashtanga Hridaya, Vidyotini Hindi Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2007.p.107.
commentary Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi 2009.p.3 23. Brahmanand Tripathi, editor, Ashtanga Hridaya,
2. Brahmanand Tripathi, editor, Ashtanga Hridaya, Vidyotini Hindi commentary Chaukhambha Prakashan,
Vidyotini Hindi commentary Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi 2009. p.31
Varanasi 2009. p.45 24. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor,
3. Ibid p. 46 Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary,
4. Ibid p. 45 Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.178.
5. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor, Sushruta Samhita, 25. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor, Sushruta Samhita,
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2007. p.107 Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2007.p.108.
6. Ibid p. 108 26. Brahmanand Tripathi, editor, Ashtanga Hridaya,
7. Brahmanand Tripathi, editor, Ashtanga Hridaya, Vidyotini Hindi commentary Chaukhambha Prakashan,
Vidyotini Hindi commentary Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi 2009. p.31
Varanasi 2009. p.175 27. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor,
8. Ibid p. 176 Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary,
9. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor, Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.156.
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2007. p.107 28. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor,
10. Ibid 108 Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary,
11. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.153.
Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary, 29. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor,
Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.355 Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary,
12. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor, Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.167.
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2007.p.107 30. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor, Sushruta Samhita,
13. Atrideva Gupta, editor, Ashtanga Hridaya, Vidyotini Hindi Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2007.p.107.
commentary Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi 31. Dhammissara, M. "The use of vyayama or physical
2009.p.31 exercise, prescribed in ayurveda." IGWAI 2005; 2(1): 12-
14. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor, 18.
Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary, 32. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor,
Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.355. Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary,
15. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor, Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.175.
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2007.p.107. 33. http://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-
16. Brahmanand Tripathi, editor, Ashtanga Hridaya, Dictionary/ 749932/ all/ exercise?q= excercise#
Vidyotini Hindi commentary Chaukhambha Prakashan, 1[Accessed on 26.12.2014]
Varanasi 2009. p.31 34. Satpute, Ashok D. "Ayuveda's contribution to sports
17. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor, medicine." Ancient science of life 8.3-4 (1989): 230.
Charak Samhita, Charak Chandrika Hindi commentary, 35. Mondal, Samiran. "Science of exercise: ancient Indian
Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2007.p.355 origin." The Journal of the Association of Physicians of
18. Brahmanand Tripathi, Ganga Sahay Pandey, editor, India 61.8 (2013): 560-562.
Bagde A. B. et. al., Preventive Aspect of Vyayama (Physical Exercise), Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015; 3(1):6-10
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