References
References
References
References
Abdulahi, A., Samadi, B., & Gharleghi, B. (2014). A Study on the Negative Effects of Social
Networking Sites Such as Facebook among Asia Pacific University Scholars in
Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(10), 133-145.
Retrieved from http://ijbssnet.com/journals/
van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive
pedagogy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Abril, P. S., & Riego, A. D. (2012). Blurred boundaries: Social media privacy and the
twenty-first-century employee. American Business Law Journal, 49(1), 63–
124. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2011.01127.x
Acquisti, A., & Gross, R. (2006). Imagined Communities: Awareness, Information Sharing,
and Privacy on the Facebook. In G., Danezis, & P. Golle. (Eds.), Privacy Enhancing
Technologies, Vol 4258 (pp. 36-58). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept.
Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40.
Agichtein, E., Castillo, C., Donato, D., Gionis, A., & Mishne, G. (2008). Finding High-
Quality Content in Social Media. Proceedings of WDSM’08, February 11–12, 2008,
Palo Alto, California, USA. Retrieved from http://www.mathcs.emory.edu.
Aharony, N. (2015). What’s App: a social capital perspective. Online Information Review,
39(1), 26-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/OIR-08-2014-0177
106 | P a g e
Management, 68(3), 362-386. https://doi-org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1108/AJIM-01-
2016-0001
Aharony, N., & Gazit, T. (2016). The importance of the Whatsapp family group: an
exploratory analysis. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 68(2), 174–192.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-09-2015-0142
Ahmed, Z., Shields, F., White, R., & Wilbert, J. (2010). Managerial Communication: The
Link between Frontline Leadership and Organizational Communication. Journal of
Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 14(1), 107-120. Retrieved from
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behaviour. In J. Kuhl, & J.
Beckman (Eds.), Action-Control: From Cognition to Behavior (pp. 11-39). Heidelberg:
Springer.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1985). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Albergotti, R., MacMillan, D., & Rusli, E. M. (February 20, 2014). Facebook's $18 Billion
Deal Sets High Bar. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/WhatsApp.
Al-Debei, M. M., Al-Lozi, E., & Papazafeiropoulou, A. (2013). Why people keep coming
back to Facebook: Explaining and predicting continuance participation from an
extended theory of planned behaviour perspective. Decision Support Systems, 55(1), 43-
54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.12.032
Alhabash, S., Chiang, Y.-h., & Huang, K. (2014). MAM & U&G in Taiwan: Differences in
the uses and gratifications of Facebook as a function of motivational reactivity.
Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 423–430.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.033
Allen, D. G., & Griffeth, R. W. (1997). Vertical and lateral information processing: The
effects of gender, employee classification level and media richness
on communication and work outcomes. Human Relations, 50(10), 1239-1260. http://dx.
doi.org/10.1023/A:1016978322261
107 | P a g e
Alsanie, S. I. (2015). Social Media (Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp) Used, and its
Relationship with the University Students Contact with their Families in Saudi Arabia.
Universal Journal of Psychology, 3(3), 69-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujp.2015.030302
Anjewierden, A., de Hoog, R., Brussee, R., & Efimova, L. (2005). Detecting knowledge
flows in weblogs. In F. Dau, M.-L. Mugnier, & G. Stumme (Eds.), Common Semantics
for Sharing Knowledge (pp. 1–12). Kassel, Germany: Kassel University Press.
Arora, P. (2011). Online social sites as virtual parks: An investigation into leisure online and
offline. The Information Society 27(2), 113–120.
Asur, S., & Huberman, B. (2010). Predicting the Future with Social Media. HP
Labs. Retrieved from www.hpl.hp.com/research/scl/
Athavaley, A. (2007, June 20). A job interview you do not have to show up for. The Wall
Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/public/
Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or Fun: Measuring Hedonic and
Utilitarian Shopping Value. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 644-656.
Balderrama, A. (2009, January 28). Should your boss be your Facebook friend? CNN.
Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com
108 | P a g e
Balog, A., Pribeanu, C., & Ivan, I. (2015). Motives and characteristics of Facebook use by
students from a Romanian university. Romanian computer-human interaction
conference, Bucharest,137-140.
Banuta, D. (2011, June 07). 2.0 Internal Communication. PR Romania. Retrieved from
http://www.pr-romania.ro
Barassi, V., & Treré, E. (2012). Does Web 3.0 come after Web 2.0? Deconstructing
theoretical assumptions through practice. New Media & Society 14(8) 1269–1285.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444812445878
Barberá, P., Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., Tucker, J. A., & Bonneau, R. (2015). Tweeting From Left
to Right: Is Online Political Communication More Than an Echo Chamber?
Psychological Science, 26(10), 1531–1542.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797615594620.
Barnard, C. (1938). The functions of the executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press.
Barnes, N. G., Lescault, A. M., & Andonian, J. (2012). Social media surge by the 2012
Fortune 500: increase use of blogs, Facebook, Twitter and more. Charlton College of
Business Center for Marketing Research, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth,
North Dartmouth, MA. Retrieved from www.umassd.edu/
Bartels, J. O. S., Pruyn, A. D., Jong, M. D. E., & Joustra, I. (2007). Multiple organizational
identification levels and the impact of perceived external prestige and communication
climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(2), 173–
190. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1002/job.420
Bell, R. L., & Martin, J. (2008). The promise of managerial communication as a field of
research. International Journal of Business and Public Administration, 5(2), 125-142.
Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld, P. F., & McPhee, W. N. (1954). Voting: A study of opinion
formation in a presidential campaign. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
109 | P a g e
Berger, B. K. (2008, November 17). Employee/Organizational Communications. Institute for
Public Relations. Retrieved from http://www.instituteforpr.org
Berger, K., Klier, J., Klier, M., & Probst, F. (2014). A review of information systems
research on online social networks. Communication Assoc. Inf. Syst. (CAIS), 35(1), 8
Berger, K., Klier, J., Klier, M., & Richter, A. (2014). Who is key...?-characterizing value
adding users in enterprise social networks. European Conference on Information
Systems (ECIS).
Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., & Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0,
social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.
Business Horizons, 55(3), 261-271.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.bushor.2012.01.007
Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L., & Campbell, C. (2008). Ad Lib: When Customers Create the Ad.
California Management Review, 50(4), 6–31. Retrieved from
http://www.otago.ac.nz/library/primo/viewresource.php
Bhatt, A., & Arshad, M. (2016). Impact of WhatsApp on youth: A Sociological Study. IRA-
International Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 4(2), 376-386.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v4.n2.p7
Biocca, F., & Harms, C. (2002, October 9-11). Defining and measuring social presence:
Contribution to the networked minds theory and measure. Proceedings of PRESENCE,
5th Annual International Workshop, 7–36. Retrieved from http://astro.temple.edu
Bouhnik, D., & Deshen, M. (2014). WhatsApp goes to school: Mobile instant messaging
between teachers and students. Journal of Information Technology Education Research,
13, 217-231. Retrieved from http://www.jite.org/ documents
110 | P a g e
Bourdieu, P. (1985). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson, (Ed.), Handbook of Theory
and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp 241-258). New York: Greenwood.
Bovee, C. L., Thill, J. V., & Chaturvedi, M. (2009), Business Communication Today. New
Delhi, India: Pearson.
boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History and
Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
http://dx.doi.org:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.
Bradley, T. (2011). Five ways to use LinkedIn. PC World. Retrieved from http://blog.
hubspot.com
Brecht, F., Eckhardt, A., Berger, C., & Guenther, O. (2012). Corporate career presences on
social network sites: an analysis of hedonic and utilitarian value. Proceedings of the
2012 ACM annual conference on human factors in computing systems.
Bright, L. F., Kleiser, S. B., & Grau, S. L. (2015). Too much Facebook? An exploratory
examination of social media fatigue. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 148-155.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.048
Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., & Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer Engagement in a Virtual
Brand Community: An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66(8),
105–114. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.029
Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., & Schafer, D. B. (2012). Are Social Media Replacing
Traditional Media in Terms of Brand Equity Creation? Management Research Review,
35(9), 770–790. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1108/01409171211255948
Bryant, E., & Marmo, J. (2009). Relational maintenance strategies on Facebook. Paper
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the NCA 95th Annual Convention, Chicago Hilton
& Towers, Chicago, IL. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/cgi/
111 | P a g e
Brzozowski, M., J., Sandholm, T., & Hogg, T. (2009). Effects of feedback and peer pressure
on contributions to enterprise social media. Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international
conference on Supporting group work, 61-70.
Buck, S. (2012, May 23). LinkedIn: The beginner’s guide. Retrieved from http://
mashable.com
Buhari, S. R., Ahmad, G. I., & HadiAshar, B. (2014). Use of Social Media among Students of
Nigerian Polytechnic. Paper presented at International Conference on Communication,
Media, Technology and Design 24-26 April 2014, Istanbul – Turkey. Retrieved from
http://www.cmdconf.net/2014/pdf/47.pdf
Burke, M., Marlow, C., & Lento, T. (2009). Social network activity and social well-being.
CHI '10 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems, 1909-1912.
Burmann, C., & Arnhold, U. (2008). User Generated Branding: State of the Art of Research.
Munster: LIT Verlag.
Calisir, F., Bayraktaroglu, A. E., Gumussoy, C. A., Topcu, Y. I., & Mutlu, T. (2010). The
relative importance of usability and functionality factors for online auction and
shopping web sites. Online Inf. Rev. 34(3), 420–439.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14684521011037025
Cantril, H., & Allport, G. (1935). The psychology of radio. New York: Harper.
Capozzi, L., & Zipfel, L. B. (2012). The conversation age: the opportunity for public
relations. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(3), 336–349.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13563281211253566
Carlson, N. (2010, March 05). At Last: The Full Story of How Facebook Was Founded.
Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com.au
Cavalli, N., & Micheli, M. (2008). Facebook influence on university students' media habits:
qualitative results from a field research. Paper presented at MIT7-Conference on
Unstable Platforms, at Cambridge, MA. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/
112 | P a g e
Cavico, F. J., Mujtaba, B. G., Muffler, S. C., & Samuel, M. (2013). Social media and
employment-at-will: Tort law and practical considerations for employees, managers and
organizations. New Media and Mass Communication, 11, 25-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7176/NMMC.v11p25
Ceron, A., Curini, L., Lacus, S. M., & Porro, G. (2014). Every tweet counts? How sentiment
analysis of social media can improve our knowledge of citizens' political preferences
with an application to Italy and France. New Media & Society, 16(2), 340–358.
Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/library/primo/viewresource.php
Chai, S., & Kim, M. (2010). What makes bloggers share knowledge? An investigation on the
role of trust. International Journal of Information Management, 30(5), 408-415.
Chang, H. H., & Chuang, S.S. (2011). Social capital and individual motivations on
knowledge sharing: Participant involvement as a moderator. Information &
Management, 48(1), 9-18
Charney, T., & Greenberg, B. S. (2002). Uses and gratifications of the Internet. In A. L.
Carolyn & D. J. Atkin (Eds.). Communication technology and society: Audience
adoption and uses (pp. 379–407). Cresskill, N.J.: Hampton Press.
Chen, G. M. (2011). A need for an informal sense of camaraderie, called connection, with
other users. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 755-762.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.10.023
Cheney, G., Christensen, L. T., Zorn, T. E., & Ganesh, S. (2004). Organizational
Communication in an Age of Globalization: Issues, Reflection and Practices (1. Ed.),
Chicago, US: Waveland Press.
Chesley, N. (2014). Information and communication technology use, work intensification and
employee strain and distress. Work, Employment and Society, 28(4), 589–610.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017013500112
Cheung, C. M. K., Chiu, P., & Lee, M. K. O. (2011). Online social networks: Why do
students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337-1343.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.028
113 | P a g e
Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, M. K. O. (2010). A theoretical model of intentional social action in
online social networks. Decision Support Systems, 49(1), 24-30
Chew, C., & Eysenbach, G. (2010). Pandemics in the age of Twitter: content analysis of
Tweets during the 2009 H1N1 outbreak, PloS One, 5(11),
e14118. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1371/journal.pone.0014118
Child, J. T., Haridakis, P. M., & Petronio, S. (2012). Blogging privacy rule orientations,
privacy management, and content deletion practices: The variability of online privacy
management activity at different stages of social media use. Computers in Human
Behavior, 28(5), 1859–1872.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.004
Child, J. T., Petronio, S., Agyeman-Budu, E. A., & Westermann, D. A. (2011). Blog
scrubbing: Exploring triggers that change privacy rules. Computers in Human
Behavior, 27(5), 2017–
2027. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2011.05.009
Child, J. T., & Petronio, S. (2011). Unpacking the paradoxes of privacy in CMC
relationships: The challenges of blogging and relational communication on the internet.
In K. B. Wright & L. M. Webb (Eds.), Computer-mediated communication in personal
relationships (pp. 21-40). New York: Peter Lang.
Chin, W.W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling.
Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1-24.
Cho, V. (2017). A study of negative emotional disclosure behavior in social network media:
Will an unexpected negative event and personality matter? Computers in Human
Behavior, 73, 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.026
Church, K., & de Oliveira, R. (2013). What's up with WhatsApp?: comparing mobile instant
messaging behaviors with traditional SMS. In Proceedings of the 15th international
conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (pp. 352-
361).
114 | P a g e
Ciochina, R. (2013, December 21). Social media sicomunicareainterna: pasimarunti, nesiguri.
Organizational Learning RO. Retrieved from
http://organizationslearning.wordpress.com
Whiting, A., & Williams, D. (2013). Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications
approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(4): 362-
369, https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-06-2013-0041
CISION (2009). What Web 3.0 will mean to you. A White Paper. Retrieved from
http://us.cision.com/assets/whitepapers/Cision_Whitepaper_Web3.pdf
Constant, D., Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1996). The kindness of strangers: The usefulness of
electronic weak ties for technical advice. Organization Science, 7(2), 119–135.
Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/stable/2634976
Coursaris, C. K. Jieun, S., Van, O. W., & Younghwa, Y. (2013). Disentangling Twitter's
adoption and use (dis)continuance: A theoretical and empirical amalgamation of uses
and gratifications and diffusion of innovations. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer
Interaction, 5(1), 57–83
Crosling, G., & Ward, I. (2002). Oral communication: the workplace needs and uses of
business graduate employees. English for Specific Purposes, 21(1), 41-57.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-4906(00)00031-4
Cross, R. L., Parker, A., Prusak, L., & Borgatti, S. P. (2001). Knowing what we know:
Supporting knowledge creation and sharing in social networks. Organizational
Dynamics, 30(2), 100–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(01)00046-8
115 | P a g e
Cunliffe, A. L. (2011). Crafting Qualitative Research Morgan and Smircich 30 Years On.
Organizational Research Methods, 14(4), 647–673.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428110373658
Daft, R., & Lengel, R. (1984). Information richness: A new approach to managerial behavior
and organizational design. In L. Cummings, & B. Staw (Eds.), Research in
organizational behavior, Vol. 6 (pp. 191–233). Homewood, IL: JAI.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of
information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. http://dx.doi.org/
10.2307/249008.
Davis, K. (1953). Management communication and the grapevine. Harvard Business Review,
31(5), 43–49.
Dennis, A. R., Fuller, R. M., & Valacich, J. S. (2009). Choosing Media for Performance. In
T. Hartmann (ed.), Media Choice: A Theoretical and Empirical Overview (pp. 247-
273), New York: Routledge.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In
N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand
Oaks: Sage.
Dhir, A., Khalil, A., Lonka, K., & Tsai, C-C. (2017). Do educational affordances and
gratifications drive intensive Facebook use among adolescents? Computers in Human
Behavior, 68, 40-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.014
116 | P a g e
Dholakia, U. M., Bagozzi, R. P., & Pearo, L. K. (2004). A social influence model of
consumer participation in network- and small- group-based virtual communities.
International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21, 241–263
DiMicco, J. M., & Millen, D. R. (2007). Identity management: Multiple presentations of self
in Facebook. Proceedings of the ACM 2007 International Conference on Supporting
Group Work (GROUP ’07), 383–386. New York, NY: ACM Press.
doi:10.1145/1316624.131668
DiMicco, J., Geyer, W., Millen, D. R., Dugan, C., & Brownholtz, B. (2009). Motivations for
social networking at work. Proceedings of the ACM conference on Computer supported
cooperative work, 711-720.
Dimmick, J. W., Sikand, J., & Patterson, S.J. (1994). The gratifications of the
household telephone: Sociability, instrumentality, and reassurance. Communication
Research, 21(5), 643–
663. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1177/009365094021005005
Dimmick, J., Kline, S. L., & Stafford, L. (2000). The gratification niches of personal e-
mail and the telephone: Competition, displacement, and complementarity.
Communication Research, 27(2), 227–248.
Dimmick, J., Sikand, J., & Patterson, S. J. (1994). The gratifications of the household
telephone: Sociability, instrumentality, and reassurance. Communication Research, 21,
643-663.
Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net
DiNucci, D. (1999). Fragmented future. In Print Magazine, 4, pp. 32. Retrieved from
DiStaso, M. W., McCorkindale, T., & Wright, D. K. (2011). How public relations executives
perceive and measure the impact of social media in their organizations. Public
Relations Review, 37(3), 325-328.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.06.005
117 | P a g e
Dominic, M., Francis, S., & Pilomenraj, A. (2014). E-Learning in Web 3.0. I. J. of Modern
Education and Computer Science, 2(8). http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2014.02.02
Dong, Q. (2008). Explaining why young adults use Myspace and Facebook through uses &
gratification theory. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the NCA 94th Annual
Convention, TBA, San Diego, CA. Retrieved from
http://www.uab.edu/Communicationstudies
Dozier, D. M., & Rice, R. E. (1984). Rival theories of electronic newsgathering. In R. E. Rice
(Ed.), The new media: Communication, research, and technology (pp. 103–128).
Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Drake, M. (2016). WhatsApp with patient data transmitted via instant messaging? The
American Journal of Surgery, 211(1), 300–301.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.04.004
Dreher, S. (2014). Social media and the world of work. Corporate Communications: An
International Journal, 19(4), 344–356. Retrieved
from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1108/CCIJ-10-2013-0087
Dunne, A., Lawlor, M.-A., & Rowley, J. (2010). Young people’s use of online social
networking sites: A U&G perspective. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,
4(1), 46–58.
Dutta, K., Singh, V. K., Chakraborty, P., Sidhardhan, S. K., Krishna, B. S., & Dash, C.
(2017). Analyzing Big-Five Personality Traits of Indian Celebrities Using Online Social
Media. Psychological Studies, 62, 113-124. Retrieved from
http://www.otago.ac.nz.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/library
Eckert, P., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (1992). Language and Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
118 | P a g e
Edwards, B. (2004). A world of work. Economist, 13, 3-16.
Eighmey, J., & McCord, L. (1998). Adding Value in the Information Age: Uses and
Gratifications of Sites on the World Wide Web. Journal of Business Research, 41(3),
187-194.
Elliott, W. R., & Rosenberg, W. L. (1987).The 1985 Philadelphia newspaper strike: A uses
and gratifications study. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 64(4), 679–687
Ellison, N. B., & boyd, D. (2013). Sociality through Social Network Sites. In W. H. Dutton,
(Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies (pp. 151-172). Oxford: Oxford
University Press, pp.
Ellison, N. B., Gibbs, J.L., & Weber, M. S. (2014). The use of enterprise social network sites
for knowledge sharing in distributed organizations the role of organizational
affordances. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(1), 103-123.
http://doi.dx.org/10.1177/0002764214540510
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook ‘‘friends:’’
Social capital and college students use of online social network sites. Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168.
http://doi.dx.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
Ellison, N., Gibbs, J., & Weber, M. (2015). The use of enterprise social network sites for
knowledge sharing in distributed organizations: The role of organizational
affordances. American Behavioral Scientist, 29(1), 103–123.
Elmuti, D., & Kathawala, Y. (2000). The effects of global outsourcing strategies on
participants’ attitudes and organizational effectiveness. International Journal of
Manpower, 21(2), 112-128.
119 | P a g e
Erickson, I. (2007). Understanding Socio-locative Practices. Proceedings of Group ’07,
Sanibel Island, Florida, November 04-07. Retrieved from
http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1330000/1329113/
Espinosa, J. A., Slaughter, S. A., Kraut, R. A., & Herbsleb, J. D. (2007). Team knowledge
and coordination in geographically distributed software development. Journal of
Management Information Systems, 24, 135–169. http://doi.dx.org/10.2753/MIS0742-
1222240104
Ezeah, G. H., Asogwa, C. E., & Obiorah, I. (2013). Social Media Use among Students of
Universities in South-East Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science
(IOSR-JHSS), 16(3), 23-32. Retrieved from http://www.iosrjournals.org/
Fang, R., Landis, B., Zhang, Z., Anderson, M. H., Shaw, J. D., & Kilduff, M. (2015).
Integrating personality and social networks: A meta-analysis of personality, network
position, and work outcomes in organizations. Organization Science, 26(4), 1243-1260.
Farmer, M. Y., Liu, A., & Dotson, M. (2016). Mobile Phone Applications (WhatsApp)
Facilitate Communication Among Student Health Volunteers in Kenya. Journal of
Adolescent Health, 58(2), S54-S55.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.10.121
Festinger, L., Shachter, S., & Back, K. (1950). Social Pressures in Informal Groups. NY:
Harper.
Fischer, E., & Reuber, A. R. (2011). Social interactions via new social media: (How) can
interactions on Twitter affect effectual thinking and behavior. Journal of Business
Venturing, 26(1), 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.09.002.
Florenthal, B. (2015). Applying uses and gratifications theory to students’ LinkedIn usage.
Young Consumers, 16(1), 17–35.
120 | P a g e
Fogel, J., & Nehmad, E. (2009). Internet social network communities: risk taking, trust, and
privacy concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1), 153-160.
Fonner, K., &. Roloff, M.E. (2012). Testing the Connectivity Paradox: Linking Teleworkers’
Communication Media Use to Social Presence, Stress from Interruptions, and
Organizational Identification. Communication Monographs, 79(2), 205–231.
Fortune 500’s Social Media Platform Use in 2015. (2015). Marketing Charts. Retrieved from
http://www.marketingcharts.com/
Frampton, B. D., & Child, J. T. (2013). Friend or not to friend: Coworker Facebook friend
requests as an application of communication privacy management theory. Computers in
Human Behavior, 29(6), 2257–2264.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.006
Frankel, A. (2011, September 12). NLRB judge: Employees can bitch about their jobs on
Facebook. Thomas Reuters. Retrieved from
http://newsandinsight.thomsonreuters.com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz
Fuchs, C., Hofkirchner, W., & Schafranek, M. (2010) Theoretical foundations of the Web:
Cognition, communication, and co-operation. Towards an understanding of Web 1.0,
2.0, 3.0. Future Internet 2(1). 41–59.
121 | P a g e
Fulk, J., & Yuan, Y. C. (2013).Location, Motivation, and Social Capitalization via Enterprise
Social Networking. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(1), 20-37.
Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcc4.12033/abstract
Gan, C. (2017). Understanding WeChat users' liking behavior: An empirical study in China.
Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 30-39.
Gee, J. P., 2011. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method. Routledge,
London.
George, J. F., Carlson, J. R., & Valacich, J. S. (2013). Media Selection as a Strategic
Component of Communication. MIS Quarterly, 37(4), 1233-1251
Gersick, C. J., Dutton, J. E., & Bartunek, J. M. (2000). Learning from academia: The
importance of relationships in professional life. Academy of Management Journal,
43(6), 1026-1044. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/stable/1556333
Gibbs, J. L., Rozaidi, N. A., & Eisenberg, J. (2013). Overcoming the “ideology of openness”:
Probing the affordances of social media for organizational knowledge sharing. Journal
of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(1), 102–120. Retrieved
from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1111/jcc4.12034
Gibson, C. B., & Gibbs, J. L. (2006). Unpacking the Concept of Virtuality: The Effects of
Geographic Dispersion, Electronic Dependence, Dynamic Structure, and National
Diversity on Team Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 451–495.
Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2189/asqu.51.3.451
Gibson, J.J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin.
Gligorijevic, B., & Luck, E. (2012). Engaging social customers–Influencing new marketing
strategies for social media information sources. In V. Khachidze, T. Wang, S. Siddiqui,
V. Liu, S. Cappuccio, & A. Lim (Eds.), Contemporary research on e-business
technology and strategy (pp. 25–40). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday.
122 | P a g e
Goh, D. H., Ang, R., Chua, A., & Lee, C. S.(2009). Why we share: A study of motivations
for mobile media sharing. Active Media Technology, 58, 195-206.
Golden, M. (2011). Social Media Strategies for Professionals and Their Firms: The Guide to
Establishing Credibility and Accelerating Relationships. New Jersey: John Wiley &
Sons Inc.
Gonçalves, B., Perra, N., & Vespignani, A. (2011). Modeling users' activity on twitter
networks: Validation of dunbar's number. PLoS One, 6(8), e22656.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1371/journal.pone.0022656
Goode, L. (2016, April 12). Messenger and WhatsApp process 60 billion messages a day,
three times more than SMS. The Verge. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/
Graen, G.B. (1976). Role making processes within complex organizations. In M. D. Dunnette
(Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 1201-1245).
Chicago: Rand-McNally.
Graham, T., Jackson, D., & Broersma, M. (2016). New platform, old habits? Candidates' use
of Twitter during the 2010 British and Dutch general election campaigns. New Media &
Society, 18(5), 765-783. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1177/1461444814
Greenfield, R. (2011, September 7). It’s getting harder for your employer to use Facebook
against you. The Atlantic Wire. Retrieved from http://www.theatlanticwire.com/
Greenhow, C., Robelia, B., & Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching, and scholarship in a
digital age: Web 2.0 and classroom research: What path should we take
now? Educational Researcher, 38(4), 246-259.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09336671
Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (2005). Outsourcing in a Global Economy. The Review of
Economic Studies, 72(1), 135-159. . http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00327
123 | P a g e
Groysberg, B., & Slind, M. (2012). Leadership is a conversation. Harvard Business Review,
90(6), 76-84. Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/library/primo/viewresource.php
Gruber, D. A., Smerek, R. E., Thomas-Hunt, M. C., & James, E. H. (2015). The real-time
power of Twitter: crisis management and leadership in an age of social media. Business
Horizons, 58(2). 163-172.
Guerre, N. D. L. (2016, February 04). 42 Billion WhatsApp Messages are Sent Per Day.
Pixel Vulture. Retrieved from http://pixelvulture.com/2016/02/whatsapp/
Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (2014). Employee Use of Social Media for Private Affairs during
Working Hours. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 5(3). 122-150.
Gurak, L. J., Antonijevic, S., Johnson, L., Ratliff, C., & Reyman, J. (2008, January 9).
Introduction: Weblogs, Rhetoric, Community, and Culture. Into The Blogosphere.
Retrieved from http://blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/introduction.html
Ha, Y. W., Kim, J., Libaque-Saenz, C. F., Chang, Y., & Park, M. (2015). Use and
gratifications of mobile SNSs: Facebook and KakaoTalk in Korea. Telematics and
Informatics, 32, 425-438. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/
Han, P., & Dodds, M. A. (2013). Can a Sport Organization Monitor Its Employees' and
Athletes' Use of Social Media? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,
84(3), 9-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2013.763668
Han, S., Min, J., & Lee, H. (2015). Antecedents of social presence and gratification of social
connection needs in SNS: A study of Twitter users and their mobile and non-mobile
usage. International Journal of Information Management, 35(4), 459–471.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.04.004
124 | P a g e
Han, S., Min, J., & Lee, H. (2015). Antecedents of social presence and gratification of
social connection needs in SNS: a study of Twitter users and their mobile and non-
mobile usage. International Journal of Information Management, 35(4), 459-471.
Hanna, R., Rohm, A., & Crittenden, V. L. (2011). We’re all connected: The power of the
social media ecosystem. Business Horizons, 54(3), 265-273.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.007
Hansen, D. L., Shneiderman, B., & Smith, M. A. (2011). Analyzing Social Media Networks
With NodeXL: Insights From a Connected World. Elsevier. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/B978-0-12-382229-1.00001-1
Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network
sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 276–297.
http://doi.dx.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x
Harris, D. (2008). Web 2. 0 Evolution into the Intelligent Web 3.0: 100 Most Asked Questions
on Transformation, Ubiquitous Connectivity, Network Computing, Open Technologies,
Open Identity, Distributed Databases and Intelligent Applications. Newstead, Australia:
Emereo Publishing.
Harzing, A-W., & Feely, A. J. (2008). The language barrier and its implications for HQ-
subsidiary relationships. Cross-cultural Management: An International Journal, 15(1),
49–61. Retrieved from http://www.harzing.com/download/langbarrier2.pdf
Hätönen, J., & Eriksson, T. (2009). 30+ years of research and practice of outsourcing-
Exploring the past and anticipating the future. Journal of International Management,
15(2), 142-155.
Heath, R. L., & Bryant, J. (2000). Human Communication Theory and Research: Concept,
Context and Challenges. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hekman, D. R., Steensma, H. K., Bigley, G. A., & Hereford, J. F. (2009). Effects of
organizational and professional identification on the relationship between
administrators' social influence and professional employees' adoption of new work
125 | P a g e
behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1325-1335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015315
Hellweg, S. (1987). Organizational grapevines: A state of the art review. In B. Dervin, & M.
Voight (Eds.), Progress in the communication sciences (pp. 213–230). Norwood, NJ:
Ablex.
Herring, S. C., Kouper, I., Paolillo, J. C., Lois Ann Scheidt, L. A., Tyworth, M.,Welsch, P.,
Wright, E., & Yu, N. (2005). Conversations in the Blogosphere: An Analysis "From the
Bottom Up" (p107b-107b). Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences – 2005. Retrieved from https://www.computer.org/
Herzog, C., Richter, A., & Steinhüser, M. (2015). Towards a framework for the evaluation
design of enterprise social software. International Conference on Information Systems
(ICIS).
Hollenbaugh, E. E., & Ferris, A. L. (2015). Predictors of honesty, intent, and valence of
Facebook self-disclosure. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 456–464.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.030
126 | P a g e
Hollenbeck, C. R., & Kaikati, A. M. (2012). Consumers’ use of brands to reflect their actual
and ideal selves on Facebook. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29(4),
295–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2012.06.00
Holmes, J., & Stubbe, M. (2003). Power and Politeness in the Workplace: A Socio- linguistic
Analysis of Talk at Work. Longman, London.
Holtzblatt, L., Drury, J. L., Weiss, D., Damianos, L. E., & Cuomo, D. (2013). Evaluating the
uses and benefits of an enterprise social media platform. Journal of Social Media
Organization, 1(1).
Hsu, L., Wang, K., Chih, W., & Lin, K. (2015). Investigating the ripple effect in virtual
communities: An example of Facebook Fan Pages. Computers in Human Behavior, 51,
483-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.069
Hu, Y., Manikonda, L., & Kambhampati, S. (2014). What We Instagram: A First Analysis of
Instagram Photo Content and User Types. Proceedings of the Eighth International
AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 595-598.
Hughes, D. J., Rowe, M., Batey, M., & Lee, A. (2011). A tale of two sites: Twitter vs.
Facebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human
Behavior, 28(2), 561–569.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.001
Hume, J., & Leonard, A. (2013). Exploring the strategic potential of internal communication
in international non-governmental organizations. Public Relations Review, 40(2), 294-
304. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.10.011
Humphreys, L., Gill, P., & Krishnamurthy, B. (2013). Twitter: a content analysis of personal
information. Information, Communication & Society, 17(7), 843–
857. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1080/1369118X.2013.848917
Hurk, A. (2013). Social media crisis communications: Preparing for, preventing, and
surviving a public relations fail. Indianapolis, IN: Que.
Ibrahim, J., Ross, R. C. R., Sulaiman, N. F., Nordin, R. C., & Yuan, L. Z. (2014). Positive
Impact of Smartphone Application: Whatsapp & Facebook for Online Business.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(12), 1-4. Retrieved
from http://www.ijsrp.org/
127 | P a g e
In India, WhatsApp a chat apps chartbuster. (2016, September 07). The Hindu. Retrieved
from http://www.thehindu.com/
Ince, M., & Gül, H. (2011). The Role of the Organizational Communication on Employees’
Perception of Justice: A Sample of Public Institution from Turkey. European Journal of
Social Sciences, 21(1), 106-124. Retrieved from http://apbs.mersin.edu.tr/
Isaacs, E., Whittaker, S., Frohlich, D., & O’Conaill, B. (1997). Informal communication
reexamined: New functions for video in supporting opportunistic encounters. In K.
Finn, A. Sellen, & S. Wilbur (Eds.), The Lawrence Erlbaum book (pp. 459–485). NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much
of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 995-1006.
Iyengar, S. S., Wells, R. E., & Schwartz, B. (2006). Doing better but feeling worse:
Looking for the “best” job undermines satisfaction. Psychological Science, 17, 143-150.
Jamieson, D. (2011, August 9). Facebook firings: Employers need to mind labor law, report
finds. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com
Jang, J. Y., Han, K., Shih, P. C., & Lee, D. (2015). Generation Like: Comparative
Characteristics in Instagram. CHI '15 Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference
on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 4039-4042.
Jansen, B. J., Zhang, M. M., Sobel, K., & Chowdury, A. (2009a). The commercial impact of
social mediating technologies: micro‐blogging as online word of mouth branding. CHI
'09, Proceedings of the 27th International Conference, Extended Abstracts on Human
Factors in Computing Systems, Boston, M.A., April 4‐9. Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, 3859‐64. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/
Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Leidner, D. E. (1999). Communication and trust in global virtual teams.
Organization Science, 10(6), 791–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.10.6.791
128 | P a g e
Java A., Song X., Finin T., & Tseng B. (2007). Why we twitter: Understanding
microblogging usage and communities. Joint Ninth WebKDD and First SNA-KDD
Workshop on Web Mining and Social Network Analysis. Retrieved from
http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/_file_directory_/papers/369.pdf
John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory-Versions 4a and
54. University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social
Research, Berkeley.
Johnson, G. J., Bruner, I. I., & Kumar, G. C. A. (2006). Interactivity and its facets revisited:
Theory and empirical test. Journal of Advertising, 35(4), 35-52.
Johnson, P. R., & Yang, S.-U. (2009). U&G of Twitter: An examination of user motives
and satisfaction of Twitter use. Paper presented at the Communication Technology
Division of the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and
Mass Communication, Boston, Massachussetts.
Johnston, M. J., King, D., Behar, N., & Sevdalis, N. (2015). Smartphones let surgeons know
WhatsApp: an analysis of communication in emergency surgical teams. The American
Journal of Surgery, 209(1), 45-51.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.08.030
Jones, S., & Fox, S. (2009, January 28). Generations Online In 2009. Pew Research Centre.
Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/
Kane, G. C. (2015). Enterprise social media: current capabilities and future possibilities.
Manage. Inf. Syst. Q. Executive, 38(1), 275–304.
Kankane, V. K., Jaiswal, G., & Gupta, T. K. (2016). Apply of WhatsApp: A quick, simple,
smarty and cost competent method of communication in neurosurgery. Romanian
Neurosurgery, The Journal of Romanian Society of Neurosurgery, 30(2), 306–312.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2016-0049.
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and
opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53, 59—68. Retrieved from
http://michaelhaenlein.eu/
129 | P a g e
Karahanna, E., & Straub, D. W. (1999). The psychological origins of perceived
usefulness and ease-of-use. Information & Management, 35(4), 237-250
Karanges, E., Beatson, A., Johnston, K., & Lings, I. (2014). Optimizing employee
engagement with internal communication: A social exchange perspective. Journal of
Business Management, 7(2), 329-353. Retrieved from http://www.jbm-online.net/
Karapanos, E., Teixeira, P., & Gouveia, R. (2016). Need fulfillment and experiences on
social media: A case on Facebook and WhatsApp. Computers in Human Behavior,
55(B), 888–897. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.015
Katz, E. (1959). Mass communication research and the study of popular culture: an editorial
note on a possible future for this research. Studies in Public Communications, 2(1), 1-6.
Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal influence: The part played by people in the
flow of mass communications. New York: Free Press
Katz, E., Blumer, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974). Utilization of mass communication by the
individual. In J. G. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communications:
Current perspectives on gratifications research (pp. 19–32). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Katz, E., Gurevitch, M., & Haas, H. (1973). On the use of the mass media for important
things. American Sociological Review, 38, 164–181. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz
Kee, E. (2016, April 13). Messenger And WhatsApp Go Through 60 Billion Messages Each
Day. Ubergizmo. Retrieved from http://www.ubergizmo.com
Kenski, K., & Stroud, N. J. (2006). Connections between Internet use and political efficacy,
knowledge, and participation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50(2), 173–
192. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1207/s15506878jobem5002_1
Ki, E., & Nekmat, E. (2014). Situational crisis communication and interactivity: usage and
effectiveness of Facebook for crisis management by Fortune 500 companies.
130 | P a g e
Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 140–147.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.039
Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media?
Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business
Horizons, 54(3), 241–251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005
Kim, S., Lee, J., & Yoon, D. (2015). Norms in Social Media: The Application of Theory of
Reasoned Action and Personal Norms in Predicting Interactions With Facebook Page
Like Ads. Communication Research Reports, 32(4), 322-331.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1080/08824096.2015.1089851
Kobayashi, T., Ikeda, K., & Miyata, K. (2006). Social capital online: Collective use of the
Internet and reciprocity as lubricants of democracy. Information, Communication &
Society, 9(5), 582–611.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1080/13691180600965575
Koch, M., Schwabe, G., & Briggs, R. O. (2015). CSCW and social computing.
Business Information System Engineering (BISE), 57(3), 149–153.
Korhan, O., & Ersoy, M. (2016). Usability and functionality factors of the social
network site application users from the perspective of uses and gratification theory.
Journal of Quality and Quantity, 50(4), 1799-1816. Retrieved from
http://www.otago.ac.nz.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/library/
Kraut, R. E., Fish, R. S., Root, R. W., & Chalfonte, B. L. (1990). Informal communication in
organizations: Form, function, and technology. In I. S. Oskamp & S. Spacapan (Eds.).
Human Reactions to Technology: The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social
Psychology (pp. 145–199). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Retrieved from
http://kraut.hciresearch.org/
Kraut, R. E., Lewis, S. H., & Swezey, L. W. (1982). Listener responsiveness and the
coordination of conversation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(4), 718-
731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.4.718
Kraut, R., Egido, C., & Galegher, J. (1990). Patterns of Contact and Communication in
Scientific Research Collaborations. In J. Galegher, R. Kraut, & C. Egido. (Eds.).
Intellectual Teamwork. Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.
131 | P a g e
Kreitner, R., Kinicki, A., & Buelens, M. (2002). Organizational Behaviour (2nd ed.). London:
McGraw-Hill.
Kreps, D., & Kimppa, K. (2015). Theorising Web 3.0: ICTs in a changing society.
Information Technology & People, 28(4), 726-741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-
2015-0223
Kreps, G. L. (1990). Organizational Communication. Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). London:
Longman.
Krishnamurthy, B., Gill, P., & Arlitt, M. (2008). A few chirps about Twitter. Proceedings of
the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 Conference on Computer Communications-1st Workshop on
Online Social Networks, WOSP'08. Retrieved from
http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1400000/1397741/
Krizan, A. C., Merrier, P., Logan, J., & Williams, K. (2010). Effective Business
Communication. New Delhi, India: Cengage Learning.
Kruikemeier, S. (2014). How political candidates use Twitter and the impact on votes.
Computers in Human Behavior, 34(1), 131–
139. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01
Ku, Y. C., Chu, T. H., & Tseng, C. H. (2013). Gratifications for using CMC technologies: A
comparison among SNS, IM, and e-mail. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 226-
234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.08.009.
Kügler, M., Smolnik, S., & Raeth, P. (2012). Why don't you use it? Assessing the
determinants of enterprise social software usage: a conceptual model integrating
innovation diffusion and social capital theories. International Conference on
Information Systems (ICIS) (2012).
Kumand, R. Novak, J., Raghaven, P., & Tomkins, A. (2004). Structure and evolution of
blogspace. CACM, 47(12), 35–39.
132 | P a g e
Kumar, J., & Kumar, J. (2014). WhatsApp: A Trend-setter in Mobile Communication among
Chennai Youth. Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 19(9), 1-6. Retrieved from
http://iosrjournals.org
Lampe, C., Ellison, N., & Steinfield, C. A. (2006). Face(book) in the crowd: Social searching
vs. social browsing. Proceedings of the 20th anniversary (pp. 167–170). Banff, Alberta,
Canada: ACM Press.
Lampinen, A., Tamminen, S., & Oulasvirta, A. (2009). All my people right here, right
now: Management of group co-presence on a social networking site. In ACM 2009
international Conference on Supporting Group Work, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA,
May 10-13, 2009 (pp. 281-290). New York: ACM Press.
Langer, E. (2014). What’s Trending? Social Media and its Effects on Organizational
Communication. UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved
from https://www.uwlax.edu/urc/jur-online/PDF/2014/Langer.Emily.CST.pdf
Lariscy, R. W., Avery, E. J., Sweetser, K. D., & Howes, P. (2009). An examination of the
role of online social media in journalists' source mix. Public Relations Review, 35(3),
314–316. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.05.008
Latané, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979). Many hands make light the work: The causes
and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 37(6), 822-832.
Latib, L. A., Bolong, J., & Ghazali, A. H. A. (2014). Facebook Usage and Functionality as
the Predictive Factors in Contributing Towards Employee Engagement. Procedia-
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155, 289–294. Retrieved from http://ac.els-
cdn.com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/S1877042814057607
133 | P a g e
Lave, J., Wenger, E., 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
LeBlanc, L., & Kim, K. (2014). Web 2.0 and Social Media: Applications for Academic
Libraries. Information Security and Computer Fraud, 2(2), 28-32. http://dx.doi.org
/10.12691/iscf-2-2-2
Lee, C. S., & Ma, L. (2012). News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and
prior experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 331-339.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.002
Lee, C. S., Goh, D. H. L., Chua, A. Y. K., & Luyt, B. 2009. Choosing Communication
Portfolios to Accomplish Tasks: The Effects of Individual Differences. Computers and
Education, 53, 1167-1176.
Lee, S. Y., Hansen, S. S., & Lee, J. K. (2016). What makes us click "like" on Facebook?
Examining psychological, technological, and motivational factors on virtual
endorsement. Computer Communications, 73, 332-341. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1016/j.comcom.2015.08.002.
Leftheriotis, I., & Giannakos, M. N. (2014). Using social media for work: Losing your time
or improving your work? Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 134–142. Retrieved
from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.016
Leonardi, P. M., & Treem, J. W. (2012). Knowledge management technology as a stage for
strategic self-presentation: Implications for knowledge sharing in organizations.
Information and Organization, 22(1), 37–59.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2011.10.003
Leonardi, P. M., Huysman, M., & Steinfield, C. (2013). Enterprise social media: Definition,
history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations. Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(1), 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12029.
Lesikar, R. V., & Flatley, M. E. (2006). Basic Business Communication: Skills for
empowering the Internet generation, tenth generation. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw
Hill.
134 | P a g e
Lesikar, R. V., Flatley, M. E., Rentz, K., & Pande, N. (2009). Business Communication:
Making Connections in a Digital World, eleventh edition. New Delhi, India: Tata
McGraw Hill.
Leung, L., & Wei, R. (2000). More than just talk on the move: Uses and gratifications of the
cellular phone. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(2), 308-320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700206
Li, C., & Bernoff, J. (2011). Groundswell: Winning in a World Transformed by Social
Technologies. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press.
Li, H., Liu, Y., Xu, X., & Heikkilä, J. (2015). Please stay with me! An empirical investigation
of hedonic IS continuance model for social network games. Proceedings of
international conference on information system, paper19.
Gan, C.; Li, H. Understanding the effects of gratifications on the continuance intention to use WeChat
in China: A perspective on uses and gratifications. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2018,78, 306–315.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.003
Li, X., Chen, W., & Popiel, P. (2015). What happens on Facebook stays on Facebook? The
implications of Facebook interaction for perceived, receiving, and giving social support.
Computers in Human Behavior, 51(1), 106–113.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.066, accessed 6 October 2016.
Lin, C. A., & Kim, T. (2016). Predicting user response to sponsored advertising on social
media via the technology acceptance model. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 710-
718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.027
Lin, J. Y., & Tsai, Y.-Y. (2007). What’s new about outsourcing? In S. L. Croix & P. A. Petri
(Eds.), Challenges to the global trading system: Adjustment to globalization in the
AsiaPacific region (pp. 115-130). Abingdon: Routledge.
Lindlof, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2002). Qualitative communication research methods (2nd
ed.). Thousand Oaks; London: Sage Publications.
Lipsman, A., Graham, M., Rich, M., & Bruich, S. (2012). The power of “like”: How brands
reach (and influence) fans through social-media marketing. Journal of Advertising
Research, 52(1), 40-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/JAR-52- 1-040-052.
135 | P a g e
Luehmann, A. (2008, August 22). Research on Blogging. In Warner Perspectives Education
Blog. Accessed from http://warnerperspectives.org/?p=80
Luo, M. M., & Remus, W. (2014). Uses and gratifications and acceptance of Web-based
information services: An integrated model. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 281-
295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.042
Luo, Y., & Shenkar, O. (2006). The multinational corporation as a multilingual community:
Language and organization in a global context. Journal of International Business
Studies, 37(3), 321–339. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/stable/3875262
MacArthur, A. (2016, October 03). The Real History of Twitter, In Brief. Lifewire. Retrieved
from https://www.lifewire.com/history-of-twitter-3288854
Mak, C. C. N., & Chui, H. L. (2013). Colleagues' talk and power after work hours: A
community of practice in Facebook Status Updates? Discourse, Context and Media, 2,
94–102.
Mak, C. C. N., & Chui, H. L. (2014).Impoliteness in Facebook Status Updates: strategic talk
among colleagues “outside” the workplace. Text & Talk,; 34(2), 165 – 185.
Malone, G. P., Pillow, D. R., & Osman, A. (2012). The General Belongingness Scale (GBS):
Assessing achieved belongingness. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 311-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.027
Malsbender, A., Recker, J. C., Kohlborn, T., Beverungen, D., & Tanwer, S. (2013). Much
ado about nothing? Tracing the progress of innovations borne on enterprise social
network sites. International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Association for
Information Systems.
136 | P a g e
Mani, D., Barua, A. & Whinston, A. (2006). Successfully governing business process
outsourcing relationships. MIS Quarterly Executive, 5(1), 15-29.
Marett, K., & Joshi, K. D. (2009). The Decision to Share Information and Rumors:
Examining the Role of Motivation in an Online Discussion Forum. Communications of
AIS, 2009(24), 47–68.
Marewski, J. N., Galesic, M., & Gigerenzer, G. (2009). Fast and frugal media choices. In T.
Hartmann (Ed.), Media choice: A theoretical and empirical overview (pp. 102-127).
New York, NY: Routledge.
Mark, G., Iqbal, S. T., Czerwinski, M., & Johns, P. (2014). Capturing the Mood: Facebook
and Face-to-Face Encounters in the Workplace. Proceedings of the 17th ACM
conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2531602.2531673
Markovi , M. R. (2008). Managing the organizational change and culture in the age of
globalization. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 9(1), 3-11.
Marlow, C. (2004). Audience, structure and authority in the weblog community. Paper
presented at the International Communication Association Conference, May 27-June 1,
New Orleans, LA. Pp. 18-19.
Marwick, A. E., & boyd, D. (2010). I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: twitter users,
context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society, 13(1), 114–
133. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1177/1461444810365313
Masterson, S. S., Lewis, K., Goldman, B. M., & Taylor, M. S. (2000). Integrating justice and
social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work
relationships. The Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 738-748. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1556364.
McAfee, A. (2009). Enterprise 2.0: New Collaborative Tools for Your Organization's
Toughest Challenges. Harvard Business Press.
McCorkle, D. E., & McCorkle, Y. L. (2012). Using LinkedIn in the marketing classroom:
Exploratory insights and recommendations for teaching social media/networking.
Marketing Education Review, 22(2), 157–166.
137 | P a g e
McFarland, L. A., & Ployhart, R. E. (2015). Social Media: A Contextual Framework to Guide
Research and Practice. The Journal of applied psychology, 100(6), 1653–1677.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039244
McQuail, D. (2005). McQuail’s mass communication theory (5th Ed.). London: Sage.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, Research and
Application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishers.
Michelson, G., & Mouly, S. (2000). Rumour and Gossip in organizations: a conceptual study.
The Journal of Management Decision, 38(5), 339-346.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740010340508
Miles, S. J., & Mangold, W. G. (2014). Employee voice: Untapped resource or social media
time bomb? Business Horizons, 57(3), 401-411,
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.12.011
Most famous social network sites worldwide as of September 2016, ranked by number of
active users (in millions) (2017). Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com
138 | P a g e
Most famous social network sites worldwide in India as of September 2016, ranked by
number of active users (in millions) (n.d.). Statista. Retrieved from
https://www.statista.com
Mudliar, P., & Rangaswamy, N. (2015). Offline Strangers, Online Friends: Bridging
Classroom Gender Segregation with WhatsApp. Paper presented at CHI 2015,
Crossings, Seoul, Kore. Retrieved from http://delivery.acm.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/
Needleman, S. E. (2010, March 10). Facebook, Twitter updates spell trouble in small
workplace. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/
Newman, N., & Levy, L. A. D. (2014). Reuters institute digital news report 2014: Tracking
the future of news. Reuters Institute. Retrieved from
http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/
Ng, G. (2016, February 01). WhatsApp Reaches 1 Billion Users, 42 Billion Messages Sent
Daily. iPhone in Canada. Retrieved from http://www.iphoneincanada.ca/
Ngai, E. W. T., Moon, K. K., Lam, S. S., Chin, E. S. K., & Tao, S. S. C. (2015). Social media
models, technologies, and applications: An academic review and case study. Industrial
Management & Data Systems, 115(5), 769-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-03-
2015-0075
Ngai, E. W. T., Tao, S. S. C., & Moon, K. K. (2015). Social media research: Theories,
constructs, and conceptual frameworks. International Journal of Information
Management, 35(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.09.004
Nielsen (2011, November 09). State of the media: Social media report q3. Nielsen. Retrieved
from http://www.nielsen.com/
Ninaus, K., Diehl, S., Terlutter, R., Chan, K., & Huang, A. (2015). Benefits and stressors -
perceived effects of ICT use on employee health and work stress: An exploratory study
139 | P a g e
from austria and hong kong. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and
Well-being, 10. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.3402/qhw.v10.28838
Nordin, S., Halib, M., & Ghazali, Z. (2011). Strengthening Internal Communication: A Case
of Communication Satisfaction in an Organization. European Journal of Social
Sciences, 24(4), 617-624.
Number of daily active Snapchat users from 1st quarter 2014 to 2nd quarter 2017 (in
millions). (2017). Statista. Retrieved from www.statista.com.
Number of monthly active Instagram users from January 2013 to April 2017 (in millions).
(2017). Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/
Number of monthly active WhatsApp users worldwide from April 2013 to February 2016 (in
millions). (2016). Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/
Nyland, R., Marvez, R., & Beck, J. (2007). MySpace: Social networking or social isolation?
Paper presented at the midwinter conference of the Association for Education in
Journalism and Mass Communication, Reno, NV.
O’ Reilly, T. (2006). Web 2.0 Compact Definition: Traying Again. Radar. Retrieved from
http://radar.oreilly.com/2006/12/web-20-compactdefinition-tryi.html
O’Hara, K., Massimi, M., Harper, R., Rubens, S., & Morris, J. (2014). Everyday dwelling
with WhatsApp. Paper presented at CSCW 2014, Mobile Apps for Enhancing
Connectedness, Baltimore, MD, February 15-19.
Obstfeld, D. (2005). Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation, and involvement in
innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 100–13.
Obur, J. A., Zube, P., & Lampe, C. (2012). Advocacy 2.0: An Analysis of how advocacy
groups in the United States perceive and use social media for facilitating civic
140 | P a g e
engagement and collective action. Journal of Information Policy, 2, 1-25. Retrieved
from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jinfopoli.2.2012.0001
Ollier-Malaterre, A., Rothbard, N. P., & Berg, J. M. (2013). When worlds collide in
cyberspace: how boundary work in online social networks impacts professional
relationships. Academy of Management Review, 38(4) 645–
669. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.5465/amr.2011.0235
Oostervink, O., Agterberg, M., & Huysman, M. (2016). Knowledge Sharing on Enterprise
Social Media: Practices to Cope With Institutional Complexity. Journal of Computer-
Mediated Communication, 21(2), 156–176, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12153
Orsini, B. (2001). Improving Internal Communications. Journal of Internal Auditor, 12, 28-
33.
Pai, P., & Arnott, D. C. (2013). User adoption of social networking sites: Eliciting uses and
gratifications through a means–end approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3),
1039-1053. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.025
Papacharissi, Z. (2002). The self online: The utility of personal home pages. Journal of
Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(3), 346-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/
s15506878jobem4603_3
Papasolomou, I., & Melanthiou, Y. (2012). Social media: Marketing public relations’ new
best friend. Journal of Promotion Management, 18(3), 319-328.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2012.696458.
Park, N., Kee, K. F., & Valenzuela, S. (2009). Being Immersed in Social Networking
Environment: Facebook Groups, Uses and Gratifications, and Social Outcomes.
Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(6), 729-733.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089=cpb.2009.0003
Parker, B. J., & Plank, R. E. (2000). A uses and gratifications perspective on the internet as a
new information source. American Business Review, 18(2), 43-50.
141 | P a g e
Pattal, M., Li, Y., & Zeng, J. (2009). Web 3.0: a real personal web! More opportunities
& more threats. IEEE Third International Conference on Next Generation Mobile
Applications. Services and Technologies, Cardiff, 15-18 September.
Peluchette, J. V. E., Karl, K., & Fertig, J. (2013). A Facebook ‘friend’ request from the boss:
Too close for comfort? Business Horizons, 56, 291—300.
Peluchette, J. V. E., Karl, K., Coustasse, A., & Emmett, D. (2012). Professionalism and social
networking: Can patients, physicians, nurses, and supervisors all be “friends?” Health
Care Manager, 31(1), 285–294. Retrieved
from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1097/HCM.0b013e31826fe252
Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students’ social
networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,
30(3), 227–238. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010
Peña, J., & Brody, N. (2014). Intentions to hide and unfriend Facebook connections based on
perceptions of sender attractiveness and status update. Computers in Human Behavior,
31(2), 143-150. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/
Penetration of leading social networks in India as of 4th quarter 2016 (n.d.). statista.
Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/
Perry, S. J., Lorinkova, N. M., Hunter, E. M., Hubbard, A., & McMahon, J. T. (2016). When
Does Virtuality Really “Work”? Examining the Role of Work–Family and Virtuality in
Social Loafing. Journal of Management, 42(2), 449–47.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206313475814
Piwek, L., & Joinson, A. (2016). What do they snapchat about? Patterns of use in time-
limited instant messaging service. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 358-367.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.026 0747-5632
Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual
Review of Sociology, 24, 1-24.
Postmes, T., Tanis, M., & de Wit, B. (2000). Communication and commitment in
organizations: a social identity approach. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations,
4(3), 207-226. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/
142 | P a g e
Premkumar, G., Ramamurthy, K., & Liu, H. N. (2008). Internet messaging: an examination
of the impact of attitudinal, normative, and control belief systems. Information &
Management, 45(7), 451-457.
Prigg, M. (2016, February 02). WhatsApp now has over a BILLION users: Messaging
service reveals over 42bn messages and 250m videos now sent every day. Daily Mail.
Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/
Qualman, E. (2009, August 11). Statistics show social media is bigger than you think. Social
Economics. Retrieved from http://socialnomics.net/
Quan-Haase, A., & Brown, B. (2013). Uses and gratifications. In M. Danesi (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of media and communication (pp. 688–692). Toronto, Canada: University
of Toronto Press.
Quan-Haase, A., & Young, A. L. (2010). U&G of social media: A comparison of Facebook
and Instant Messaging. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 30(5), 350–361.
Quan-Haase, A., & Young, A. L. (2014). The Handbook of Media and Mass
Communication Theory. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Quinn, J. B., & Hilmer, F. G. (1994). Strategic outsourcing. Sloan Management Review,
35(4), 43-55.
Raina, R. L., Alam, I., & Siddiqui, F. (2010). Professional Communication. New Delhi,
India: Wordpress.
Raina, R. L., Alam, I., & Siddiqui, F. (2013). Communication for Management. New Delhi,
India: Himalaya Publishing.
Redding, W. C., & Tompkins, P. K. (1988). Organizational communication: past and present
tenses. In G. Goldhaber & G. Barnett (Eds.), Handbook of organizational
communication (pp 5-34). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
143 | P a g e
Reinhardt, W., Ebner, M., Beham, G., & Costa, C. (2009). How people are using Twitter
during conferences. Creativity and Innovation competencies on the web. Proceedings of
the 5th EduMedia, 145–156. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/
Richter, D., Riemer, K., & vom Brocke, J. (2011). Internet social networking. Bus. Inf. Syst.
Eng, 3(2), 89–101.
Robertson, B. W., & Kee, K. F. (2017). Social media at work: The roles of job satisfaction,
employment status, and Facebook use with co-workers. Computers in Human Behavior,
70, 191–196. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.080
Roshan, M., Warren, M., & Carr, R. (2016). Understanding the use of social media by
organisations for crisis communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 350–361.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.016
Ross, C., Terras, M., Warwick, C., & Welsh, A. (2011). Enabled backchannel: Conference
Twitter use by digital humanists. Journal of Documentation, 67(2), 214-237.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00220411111109449
Rouse, A. C., & Corbitt, B. (2004). IT-supported business process outsourcing (BPO): the
good, the bad and the ugly. Paper presented at the Eighth Pacific Asia Conference on
Information Systems (APCIS), Shanghai, China.
Rubin, A. M. (2002). The uses and gratifications perspective of media effects. In J. Bryant, &
D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research, 2nd ed. (pp. 525-
48). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
144 | P a g e
Ruck, K., & Trainor, S. (2012). Developing Internal Communication Practice That Supports
Employee Engagement. Proacademy. Retrieved from: http://www.pracademy.co.uk/
Ruettimann, L. (2009, February 12). How to avoid your boss on Facebook. Retrieved from
http://www.lemondrop.com/2009/02/12/facebook-friend-your-boss/
Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass
Communication & Society, 3(1), pp. 3-37.
Rusli, E., & Macmillan, D. (2013). Snapchat spurned $3 billion acquisition offer from
Facebook. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com
Ryan, D., & Jones, C. (2009), Understanding Digital Marketing. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan
Page Limited.
Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship
between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers
in Human Behavior, 27, 1658–1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004
Sachitanand, R. (January 15, 2017). India's $150 billion outsourcing industry stares at an
uncertain future. The Economic Times. Retrieved from
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/
Saeri, A. K., Ogilvie, C., La Macchia, S. T., Smith, J. R., & Louis, W. R. (2014). Predicting
Facebook Users’ Online Privacy Protection: Risk, Trust, Norm Focus Theory, and the
Theory of Planned Behaviour. The Journal of Social Psychology, 154(4), 352-369.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1080/00224545.2014.914881
Saffer, A. J., Sommerfeldt, E. J., & Taylor, M. (2013). The effects of organizational Twitter
interactivity on organization–public relationships. Public Relations Review, 39(3), 213-
215. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.02.005
Sandberg, J. (2007, July 10). OMG–—My boss wants to ‘friend’ me on my online profile.
The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com
145 | P a g e
Saunders, M., Lewis, L., & Thornhill, A. (2003). Research Methods for Business
Students (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Prentice Hall
Schejter, A., & Tirosh, N. (2012). Social media new and old in the Al’ Arakeeb conflict–a
case study. The Information Society, 28(5), 304–315.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1080/01972243.2012.708711
Schejter, A., & Tirosh, N. (2015). Seek the meek, seek the just: Social media and social
justice. Telecommunications Policy, 39(9), 796–803. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/
Schivinski, B., & Dabrowski, D. (2016). The effect of social media communication on
consumer perceptions of brands. Journal of Marketing Communications, 22(2), 189-
214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.871323
Severin, W., & Tankard, J. (1988), Communications Theory. Longman, New York, NY.
Shah, D. V., Schmierbach, M., Hawkins, J., Espino, R., & Donavan, J. (2002). Nonrecursive
models of Internet use and community engagement: Questioning whether time spent
online erodes social capital. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(4), 964–
987. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/
Shang, S. S. C., Li, E. Y., Wu, Y., & Hou, O. C. L. (2011). Journal of Information and
Management, 48(4/5), 178-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2011.01.005
Sheldon, P. (2008). Student favorite: Facebook and its motives for use. Southwestern Mass
Communication Journal, 23, 39-53. Retrieved from https://research-methods
Sheldon, P. (2016). Facebook Friend Request: Applying the Theory of Reasoned Action to
Student-Teacher Relationships on Facebook. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic
Media, 60(2), 269-285.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1080/08838151.2016.1164167
Shen, C., & Williams, D. (2011). Unpacking time online: Connecting internet and massively
multiplayer online game use with psychosocial well-being. Communication
Research, 38, 123-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210377196
146 | P a g e
Shi, C. (2009). The Facebook Era. Tapping online social networks to build better products,
reach new audiences, and sell more stuff. Boston: Prentice Hall.
Shiue, Y., Chiu, C., & Chang, C. (2010). Exploring and mitigating social loafing in online
communities. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(4), 768-777.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.01.014
Shontell, A. (2013). The Truth about Snapchat's active users (The numbers the
company doesn't want you to See). Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.
businessinsider.com/
Sidhoum, N., Dast, S., Abdulshakoor, A., Assaf, N., Herlin, C., & Sinna, R. (2016).
WhatsApp: Improvement tool for surgical team communication. Journal of Plastic,
Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 69(11), 1562–1563.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.bjps.2016.06.005
Singh, M. (2016, November 15). WhatsApp is now officially Facebook’s most popular
service in India. Mashable. Retrieved from http://mashable.com
Slone, A. R., & Gaffney, A. L. H. (2016). Assessing students’ use of LinkedIn in a business
and professional communication course. Communication Teacher, 30(4), 206-214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2016.1219043
Sluss, D. M., Klimchak, M., & Holmes, J. J. (2008). Perceived organizational support as a
mediator between relational exchange and organizational identification. Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 457-464.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.09.001
Small, T. A. (2011). What the hashtag? Information, Communication & Society, 14(6), 872–
895. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1080/1369118X.2011.554572
Smidts, A., Pruyn, H., & van Riel, B. M. (2001). The impact of employee communication
and perceived external prestige on organizational identification. Academy of
Management Journal, 44(5), 1051-1062. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz
147 | P a g e
Smith, A. (2012). Why Americans use social media: Social networking sites are appealing as
a way to maintain contact with close ties and reconnect with old friends. Pew Internet
& American Life Project. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org
Smith, C. (2017, January 07). 55 Amazing WhatsApp Statistics (November 2016). DMR
Stats. Retrieved from http://expandedramblings.com
Smith, M. C. (2012). The interaction of social media and the law and how to survive the
social media revolution. New Hampshire Bar Journal, 52, 24-39. Retrieved from
https://www.nhbar.org/
Smith, W. P., & Kidder, D. L. (2010). You’ve been tagged (Then again, maybe not):
Employers and Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227–
238. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.bushor.2010.04.004
Smock, A. D., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., & Wohn, D.Y. (2011). Facebook as a toolkit: A
uses and gratification approach to unbundling feature use. Computers in Human
Behavior, 27(6), 2322–2329.
Special W. P., & Li-Barber, K. T. (2012). Self-disclosure and student satisfaction with
Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 624–630.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.008
Stafford, T. E., Stafford, M. R., & Schkade, L. L. (2004). Determining uses and gratifications
for the Internet. Decision Sciences, 35(2), 259-288.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1111/j.00117315.2004.02524.x
Steinfield, C., DiMicco, J. M., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2009). Bowling online: Social
networking and social capital within the organization. C&T ’09 Proceedings of the
fourth International Conference on Communities and Technologies (pp. 245–254).
Steinhueser, M., Smolnik, S., & Hoppe, U. (2011). Towards a measurement model of
corporate social software success - evidences from an exploratory multiple case study
System Sciences (HICSS), 2011. Proceedings of the 44th Hawaii International
Conference.
148 | P a g e
Stern, L. A., & Taylor, K. (2007). Social networking on Facebook. Journal of the
Communication, Speech & Theatre Association of North Dakota, 20(1), 9-20. Retrieved
from http://www.cstand.org/UserFiles/File/Journal/2007.pdf
Straub, D., & Karahanna, E. (1998). Knowledge Worker Communications and Recipient
Availability: Toward a Task Closure Explanation of Media Choice. Organization
Science, 9(2), 160-175.
Sun, Y, & Shang, R. A. (2014). The interplay between users' intra-organizational social
media use and social capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 334–341. Retrieved
from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.048
Sun, Y., & Shang, R. (2014). The interplay between users’ intra-organizational social media
use and social capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 334-341.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.048 0747-5632/ 2014
Swadesin, M., & Kalindi, J. (2012). BPO World: An Analysis of the Emergence of BPO
Industry in India. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 1(3), 25-29. Retrieved
from http://www.isca.in/IJMS/
Swisher, B.K. (2004). "Wiki" may alter how employees work together’. Wall Street Journal,
July, B1.
Takahashi, B., Tandoc, E. C., & Carmichael, C. (2015). Communicating on Twitter during a
disaster: an analysis of tweets during Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Computers in
Human Behavior, 50(2), 392–398.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.020
Tange, H., & Lauring, J. (2009). Language management and social interaction within the
multilingual workplace. Journal of Communication Management, 13(3), 218–232.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13632540910976671
149 | P a g e
Tasner, M. (2010). Marketing in the Moment: The Practical Guide to Using Web 3.0 to
Reach your Customers First. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press.
Thomas, M., & Thomas, H. (2012). Using new social media and Web 2.0 technologies in
business school teaching and learning. Journal of Management Development, 31(4),
358-367.
Thurlow, C., Lengel, L., & Tomic, A. (2004). Computer mediated communication: Social
interaction and the internet. London: Sage.
Tierney, M. L., & Drury, J. (2013). Continuously improving innovation management through
enterprise social media. Journal of Social Media Organization, 1(1), 1–16.
Tornbohm, C., & Andrault, M. (2005). User survey: business process outsourcing. Western
Europe Report, Gartner Group.
Townsend, K., Loudoun, R., & Lewin, D. (2016). Qualitative research in HRM: innovation
over stagnation: Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods on Human Resource
Management: Innovative Techniques. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Treem, J. W., & Leonardi, P. M. (2012). Social media use in organizations: Exploring the
affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association. Communication
Yearbook, 36(1), 143–189. Retrieved
from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.2139/ssrn.2129853
Treviño, L. K., Webster, J., & Stein, E. W. (2000). Making Connections: Complementary
Influences on Communication Media Choices, Attitudes, and Use. Organization
Science, 11(2), 163-182.
Tsai, C., Lee, C., & Tang, S. (2009). The Web 2.0 movement: mashups driven and web
services. WSEAS Transactions on Computers , 8(8), 1235-1244
Turban, E., Bolloju, N., & Liang, T.-P. (2011). Enterprise social networking: opportunities,
adoption, and risk mitigation. Journal of Organizational Computing. Electronic
Commerce, 21(3), 202–220.
150 | P a g e
Tushman, M. L., & Nadler, D. (1978). Information processing as an integrating concept in
organizational design. Academy of Management Review, 3(3), 613-624. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/stable/257550
Utz, S., Schultz, F., & Glocka, S. (2013). Crisis communication online: how medium, crisis
type and emotions affect public reactions in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
Public Relations Review, 39(1), 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.09.010
Vaezi, R. (2011). Corporate social networks effects on perceived organizational support and
perceived supervisor support. Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS).
Valenzuela, S., Park, N., & Kee, K. F. (2009). Is There Social Capital in a Social Network
Site?: Facebook Use and College Students’ Life Satisfaction, Trust, and Participation.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(4), 875-901.
http://doi.dx.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x
Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their
relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social self-esteem. Cyber Psychology &
Behavior, 9(5), 584–590. Retrieved from
http://online.liebertpub.com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584
van der Heijden, H. (2004). User Acceptance of Hedonic Information Systems. MIS
Quarterly, 28 (4), 695-704
Van Dijck, J. (2013). You have one identity: Performing the self on Facebook and LinkedIn.
Media, Culture & Society, 35(2), 199–215.
van Dissel, B. M. P. (2014). Social media and the employee’s right to privacy in Australia.
International Data Privacy Law, 4(3), 222-233. Retrieved from
http://www.otago.ac.nz/library/primo/viewresource.php
van Zoonen, W., van der Meer, T. G. L. A., & Verhoeven, J. W. M. (2014). Employees’
work-related social-media use: His master’s voice. Public Relations Review, 40(5),
850–852. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.07.001
151 | P a g e
Vaterlaus, J. M., Barnett, K., Roche, C., & Young, J. A. (2016). Snapchat is more personal:
An exploratory study on Snapchat behaviors and young adult interpersonal
relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 594-601.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.029
Veinott, E., Olson, J., Olson, G., & Fu, X. (1999). Video helps remote work: Speakers who
need to negotiate common ground benefit from seeing each other. Proceedings of the
SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 302–309.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/302979.303067
Venky (September 13, 2016). TopCount. Top 10 Call Center Outsourcing Companies in
India. Retrieved from http://www.topcount.co
Verhoeven, J. (2012). Employees as brand ambassadors. Merk & Reputate. Retrieved from
http://www.swocc.nl/
Vitak, J., Lampe, C., Ellison, N., & Gray, R. (2012). Why won't you be my Facebook friend?:
Strategies for managing context collapse in the workplace. Proceedings of the 7th
annual iConference, ACM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1145/2132176.2132286
Walton, E. (1961). How efficient is the grapevine? Personnel Journal, 28, 45–49.
Wang, S., & Noe, R. (2010). Knowledge Sharing: A Review and Directions for Future
Research. Human Resource Management Review, 20, 115-131. http://dx.doi.org
/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.10.001.
Wang, S., Moon, S., Kwon, K., Evans, C., & Stefanone, M. (2010). Face off: Implications of
visual cues on Initiating friendship on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2),
226–234. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.001
Waples, D., Berelson, B., & Bradshaw, F. R. (1940). What reading does to people. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press
152 | P a g e
Warren, A. M., Sulaiman, A., & Jaafar, N. I. (2014). Understanding civic engagement
behaviour on Facebook from a social capital theory perspective. Behaviour &
Information Technology, 34(2), 163-175.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2014.934290
Waters, R. D., & Williams, J. M. (2011). Squawking, tweeting, cooing, and hooting:
Analyzing the communication patterns of government agencies on Twitter. Journal of
Public Affairs, 11(4), 353-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pa.385.
Watson, M. (2009). Scripting Intelligence: Web 3.0 Information, Gathering and Processing
(Apress Series: Expert’s Voice in Open Source). New York: Springer Publishing.
Weber, L. (2007). Marketing to the social Web: How digital customer communities build
your business. Hoboken, N. J.: John Wiley & Sons
Webster, J., & Treviño, L. (1995). Rational and Social Theories as Complementary
Explanations of Communication Media Choices: Two Policy-Capturing Studies.
Academy of Management Journal, 38(6), 1544-1572.
Wehner, B., Ritter, C., & Leist, S. (2017). Enterprise social networks: A literature review and
research agenda. Computer Networks, 114, 125–142. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/10.1016/j.comnet.2016.09.001
Wenger, E., 1998. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge
University Press, New York.
153 | P a g e
Westman, S. (2010). Information interaction in 140 characters or less: Genres on twitter.
Proceedings on the third symposium on Information interaction in context, LLix 2010,
August 18-21, 323–327 (New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1840784.1840833
WhatsApp now has 1 billion monthly users, 42bn messages sent each day. (2016, February
02). The Indian Express. Retrieved from http://indianexpress.com/
Wheeless, L. R. (1978). A follow-up study of the relationships among trust, disclosure, and
interpersonal solidarity. Human Communication Research, 4, 143-157.
Wigand, R. T., Wood, J. D., & Mande, D. M. (2010). Taming the social network jungle:
from web 2.0 to social media. Proceedings of Americas Conference on information
systems 2010.
Wilson, J. (2012, December). A mutual problem?: The perils of Facebook for employers and
employees alike. Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian
Capital Territory, 226, 14-15. Retrieved from
http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (1994). Mass media research: An introduction. Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth.
Wright, D., & Hinson, M. (2009). An updated look at the impact of social media on public
relations practice. Public Relations Journal, 8(2), 1-35. Retrieved from
http://www.instituteforpr.org
Wu, J., & Holsapple, C. (2014). Imaginal and emotional experiences in pleasure-oriented IT
usage: a hedonic consumption perspective. Information & Management, 51(1), 80–92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.09.003
Yeboah, S. T., Horsu, E. N., & Abdulai A. (2014). Usage of WhatsApp and voice calls
(phone call): Preference of polytechnic students in Ghana. Science Journal of Business
and Management, 2(4), 103-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/ j.sjbm.20140204.11
Yeung, K. (2016, February 01). WhatsApp passes 1 billion monthly active users. Venture
Beat. Retrieved from http://venturebeat.com/
Zang, M., Jansen, B. J., Sobel, K., & Chowdury, A. (2009). Twitter Power: Tweets as
Electronic Word of Mouth. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci., 60(11), 2169–2188.
http://dox.doi.org/10.1002/asi.21149
154 | P a g e
Zarrella, D. (2010). The Social Media Marketing Book. Retrieved from
http://danzarrella.com/
Zhao, D., & Rosson, M. B. (2007). How and Why People Twitter: The Role that Micro-
blogging plays in Informal Communication at Work. Proceedings of GROUP’04, May
10-13, 2009, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA. Retrieved from
http://pensivepuffin.com/dwmcphd/syllabi
Zikmund, W. G., Badin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2013). Business Research Methods
(9th ed.). South-Western, Cengage Learning.
Zorn, T. E., Grant, S., & Henderson, A. (2013). Strengthening resource mobilization chains:
Developing the social media competencies of community and voluntary organizations
in New Zealand. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit
Organizations, 24(3), 666-687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-012-9265-1
Thornwaite, L. (2013). Social media, unfair dismissal and the regulation of employees’
conduct outside work . Australian Journal of Labour Law 26(2), 164-184.
Thornwaite, L. (2016). Chilling times: social media policies, labour law and employee
relations. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 54, 332–351.
Hudson, S., & Roberts, K. (2011). Drafting and implementing an effective social media
policy. Texas Wesleyan Law Review, 18, 767-797.
Thornthwaite L (2013) Social media, unfair dismissal and the regulation of employees’
conduct
outside work. Australian Journal of Labour Law 26(2), 164–184.
155 | P a g e
Thornthwaite
L (2013)
Social media,
unfair
dismissal and
the regulation
156 | P a g e
of employees’
conduct
outside work.
Australian
Journal of
Labour Law
157 | P a g e
26(2), 164–
184.
Thornthwaite
L (2013)
Social media,
unfair
dismissal and
158 | P a g e
the regulation
of employees’
conduct
outside work.
Australian
Journal of
Labour Law
159 | P a g e
26(2), 164–
184.
Chilling
times:
social
160 | P a g e
media
policies,
labour
161 | P a g e
law and
employ
ment
relations
Flick, U. (2009). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. London:
UK. Sage Publications, Inc.
Bonß, W., & Hartmann, H. (1985). Konstruierte Gesellschaft, rationale Deutung - Zum
Wrrklichkeitscharakter soziologischer Diskurse. In W. BonB and H. Hartmann (eds.),
162 | P a g e
Entzauberte Wissenschaft: Zur Realitat und Geltung soziologischer Forschung.
Gottingen: Schwartz, pp. 9-48.
Morse,J.M. and Richards, L. (2002) Readme First for a User’s Guide to Qualitative Methods,
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches,
2nd edn, Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA.
Johnson, B. R., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm
Whose Time Has Come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26.
Barrett, D.J. (2005). Successful Cross-cultural Communication during Major Change. International
Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management, 5(8), 185 – 194.
Fallon, M. (2016). Writing up Quantitative Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Sense
Rotterdam, Netherlands: Publishers.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches
(4th ed.). Washington, DC: Sage.
Kerlinger, F. N. (1979). Behavioral research: A conceptual approach. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, &
Winston.
Shaw, J., & Porter, S. (2015). Constructing rich false memories of committing crime. Psychological
Science, 26, 291–301. doi:10.1177/0956797614562862
Kant, I. (1992). The Conflict of the Faculties (M. J. Gregor, trans.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska
Press.
Fallon, D. (1980). The German University: A Heroic Ideal in Conflict with the Modern World. Boulder,
CO: Colorado Associated University Press.
163 | P a g e
Rudy, W. (1984). The Universities of Europe 1100– 1914: A History. London: Associated University
Presses.
Jensen, K. B. (Ed.). (2014). A handbook of media and communication research : qualitative and
quantitative methodologies. Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com Created from
otago on 2018-04-24 02:38:26.
Maxwell, S. E., & Delaney, H. D. (2004). Designing experiments and analyzing data. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Reichardt, C. S., & Cook, T. D. (1979). Beyond qualitative versus quantitative methods. In T. D. Cook
& C. S. Reichardt (Eds.), Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research (pp. 7-
32). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2000). Paradigmatic controversies, con- tradictions, and emerging
confluences. In N. K. Denzin, and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook ofqualitative research (pp. 163-
188). Thou- sand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Coetzer, N. (August 02, 2016). To SOCIAL or Not: The Impact of Social Media on Workplace
Relationships. LinkedIn. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/social-impact-media-
workplace-relationships-nitha-coetzer
Koch,H., Gonzalez, E., & Leidner, D. (2012). Bridging the work/social divide: the emotional response
to organizational social networking sites. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(6),
699–717.
O’Driscoll , T. & Cummings, J. (2009). Moving from attention to detail to detail to attention: web 2.0
management challenges in Red Hat and the Fedora project. In Proceedings of the SIM
Enterprise and Industry Application for Web 2.0 Workshop (Kane G, Majchrzak A and Ives B,
Eds), Society for Information Management, Phoenix, AZ.
164 | P a g e
Skeels, M. M. & Grudin, J. (2009). When social networks cross boundaries: a case study of workplace
use of Facebook and LinkedIn. In Proceedings of the GROUP’09 (Teasley S and HavnE, Eds),
ACM, Sanibel Island, FL.
King, R. C. & Sethi, V. (1997). The moderating effect of organizational commitment on burnout in
information systems professionals. European Journal of Information Systems 6(2), 86–96.
Allen, M. W., Armstrong, D. J., Reid, M. F. & Riemenschneider, C. K. (2008). Factors impacting the
perceived organizational support of IT employees. Information & Management 45(8), 556–
563.
Trauth, E. M., Quesenberry, J. L., & Huang, H. (2009). Retaining women in the U.S. IT workforce:
theorizing the influence of organizational factors. European Journal of Information Systems
18(5), 476–497.
Krishna, A., & Kim, A. (2015). Confessions of an angry employee: The dark side of de-identified
“confessions” on Facebook. Public Relations Review, 41(3), 404-410.
Babbie, Earl R. The Practice of Social Research. 12th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage, 2010;
Muijs, Daniel. Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. 2nd edition. London:
SAGE Publications, 2010.
Chun, M. W. S. (2013). An Exploration of Gender Differences in the Use of Social Networking and
Knowledge Management Tools. Journal of Information Technology Management, 24(2), 20-31.
Odell, P., Korgen, K., Schumacher, P., & Delucchi, M. (2000). Internet use among female and male
college students. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3(5), 855-862.
Boneva, B., Kraut, R., & Frohlich, D., (2001). Using e-mail for personal relationships: The difference
gender makes. American Behavioral Psychologist, 45(3),530-549.
165 | P a g e
Herring, S.C. and Paolillo, J.C. (2006 ), “Gender and genre variation in
weblogs”, Journal of Sociolinguistics, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 439‐59.
Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (1997). Gender Differences in the Perception and Use of E-Mail: An
Extension to the Technology Acceptance Model. MIS Quarterly, 21 (4), 389-400. DOI:
10.2307/249720
Gupta. A. K., & Shrivastava, S. 92013). Social Media Usage in Indian Information
Technology Professionals. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research,
2(3), 11-17.
Arad, A., Barzilay, O., & Perchick, M. (2017). The Impact of Facebook on Social
Comparison and Happiness: Evidence from a Natural Experiment. SSRN Electronic
Journal. 1(1), 1-43. 10.2139/ssrn.2916158.
Brell, J., Valdez, A. C., Schaar, A. K., & Ziefle, M. (2016). Gender Differences in Usage
Motivation for Social Networks at Work. Learning and Collaboration Technologies: Third
International Conference, LCT 2016 Held as Part of HCI International 2016 Toronto, ON,
Canada, July 17–22, 2016, Proceedings.
Jackson, A., Yates, J.A. and Orlikowski, W. (2007), “Corporate blogging: building community through
persistent digital talk”, Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, Hawaii, HI, January 3-6, HI
166 | P a g e
Friedl, J., Vercic, A. T. (2011). Media preferences of digital natives’ internal communication: A pilot
study. Public Relations Review, 37(84-86). doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.12.004.
Huang, J., Baptista, J., & Galliers, R. D. (2013). Reconceptualizing rhetorical practices in organizations:
The impact of social media on internal communications. Information & Management, 50(2-3),
112-124.
Hanna, R., Rohm, A., Crittenden, V. (2011). We’re all connected: the power of the social media
ecosystem. Business Horizons, 54 (3), 265-273
Dimicco, J., Millen, D., Geyer, W., Dugan, C., Brownholtz, B., & Muller, M. (2008).
Motivations for Social Networking at Work. Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference
on computer supported cooperative work, 08 November 2008, pp.711-720
Cao, X. Guo, X., Vogel, D., & Zhang, X. (2016) "Exploring the influence of social media on employee
work performance", Internet Research, Vol. 26 Issue: 2, pp.529-545, https://
doi.org/10.1108/IntR-11-2014-0299
167 | P a g e
Flynn, N. (2012), The Social Media Handbook: Policies and Best Practices to Effectively Manage Your
Organization’s Social Media Presence, Posts, and Potential Risks, Pfeiffer, San Francisco, CA.
Sonja, D. (2014). Social media and the world of work: A strategic approach to employees'
participation in social media. Corporate Communications, 19(4), 344-356.
Agresta, S. and Bonin, B.B. (2011), Perspectives on Social Media Marketing, Course Technology, A
Part of Cengage Learning, Boston, MA.
Smith, N., Wollan, R. and Zhou, C. (2010), Social Media Management Handbook: Everything You
Need to Know to Get Social Media Working in Your Business, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken,
NJ.
Grunig, J.E. (2009), “Paradigms of global public relations in an age of digitalisation. PRism 6(2)”,
available at: http://praxis.massey.ac.nz/prism_on-line_journ.html
Wells, M.M. (2000), “Office clutter of meaningful personal displays; the role of office personalisation
in employee and organizational well‐being”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 20 No.
3, pp. 239‐55.
Nathan, M. and Doyle, J. (2002), The State of the Office: The Politics and Geography of Working
Space, Industrial Society, London.
Fraser, M. and Dutta, S. (2008), Throwing Sheep in the Boardroom: How Online Social Networking
Will Transform Your Life, Work and World, John Wiley, Chichester.
Allen, J, A James and P Gamlen (2007). Formal versus informal knowledge networks in R&D: A case
study using social network analysis. R&D Management, 37(3), 179–196.
Granovetter, MS (1973). The strength of weak ties. The American Journal of Sociology, 78 (6), 1360–
1380.
Li, P. (2007). Social tie, social capital, and social behavior: Toward an integrative model of informal
exchange. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24, 227–246.
Xerri, M. J., & Brunetto, Y. (2011). THE IMPACT OF THE PERCEIVED USEFULNESS OF WORKPLACE
SOCIAL NETWORKS UPON THE INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF SME EMPLOYEES A SOCIAL
CAPITAL PERSPECTIVE. International Journal of Innovation Management, 15(5), 959-987.
168 | P a g e
Väyrynen, K., Hekkala, R., & Liias, T. (2013) Knowledge Protection Challenges of Social Media
Encountered by Organizations, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,
23:1-2, 34-55, DOI: 10.1080/10919392.2013.748607
Light, B., K. McGrath, and M. Griffiths. 2008. “More than just friends? Facebook, disclosive ethics and
the morality of technology.” In Proceedings of International Conference on Information
Systems (ICIS), Paris, France, December 14–17, 2008, paper 193.
Andriole, S. 2010. “Business impact of Web 2.0 technologies.” Communications of the ACM
53(12):67–79.
Katzy, B., K. Bondar, and R. Mason. 2012. “Knowledge-based theory of the firm, challenges by social
media.” In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, Maui, Hawaii, January 4–7, 2012. Computer Society Press, pp. 3879–3887.
Muller, M., Ehrlich, K., Matthews, T., Perer, A., Ronen, I., & Guy, I. (2012, May). Diversity among
enterprise online communities: Collaborating, teaming, and innovating through social media. In
Proceedings of the 2012 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp 2815-
2824). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2207676.2208685
Qualman, E. (2013). Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do business.
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
Lewandowski, J., Rosenberg, B. D., Parks, M. J., & Siegel, J. T. (2011). The effect of informal social
support: Face-to-face versus computer-mediated communication. Computers in Human Behavior,
27, 1806-1814.
Bradley, A. J., & McDonald, M. P. (2011). The social organization: How to use social media to tap the
collective genius of your customers and employees. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press
Young, A. M., & Hinesly, M. D. (2014). Social Media Use to Enhance Internal Communication: Course
Design for Business Students. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 77(4), 426-439.
http://journals.sagepub.com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1177/2329490614544735
Atfield, E. (2017). The changing face of internal communications. A ComRes Report. Retrieved from
http://www.comresglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/The-Changing-Face-of-Internal-
Communications.pdf
Kelman, I., Luthe, T., Wyss, R., Tørnblad, S. H., Evers, Y., Curran, M. M., Williams, R. J., … Berlow,
E. L. (2016). Social Network Analysis and Qualitative Interviews for Assessing Geographic
169 | P a g e
Characteristics of Tourism Business Networks. PloS one, 11(6), e0156028.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156028
Baird, L. and Meshoulam, I. (1988), “Managing two fits of strategic human resource management”,
Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, pp. 116-28.
Jackson, S.E. and Schuler, R.S. (1995), “Understanding human resource management in the context
of organizations and their environments”, in Rosenzweig, M.R. and Porter, L.W. (Eds), Annual
Review of Psychology, Vol. 46, Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 237-64.
Nigam, A. K., Nongmaithem, S., Sharma, S., & Tripathi, N. (2011). The impact of strategic human
resource management on the performance of firms in India: A study of service sector firms.
Journal of Indian Business Research, (3) 3, 148-167. https://
doi.org/10.1108/17554191111157029
Pfeffer, J. (1998) Seven Practices of Successful Organizations. California Management Review, 40(2):
96-124.
Katou, A. A. and Budhwar, P. S. (2010) Causal relationship between HRM policies and organisational
performance: Evidence from the Greek manufacturing sector. European Management Journal,
28: 25-39.
Ulrich, D. (1997). Measuring human resources: an overview of practice and a prescription for results.
Human Resource Management, 36(3), 303- 320.
Wright, P. M. and McMahan, G. C. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource
management. Journal of management, 18(2), 295- 320.
Becker, B. and Gerhart, B. (1996). The impact of human resource management on organizational
performance: Progress and prospects. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 779–801.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management,
17(1), 99-120.
Wright, P. M. and McMahan, G. C. (1992) Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Human Resource
Management. Journal of Management, 18(2): 295-320.
Clark, I. (1998), “Designing and sustaining an entrepreneurial role for the human function: strategic
choice or competitive conditions? Evidence from engineering process plant
contracting”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 4 No. 1,
pp. 51‐70.
170 | P a g e
Osman‐Gani, A.A.M. (1999), “International technology transfer for competitive advantage: a
conceptual analysis of the role of HRD”, Competitiveness Review, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 9‐19.
Delery, J. E. and Doty, D. H. (1996) Modes of Theorizing in Strategic Human Resource Management:
Tests of Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Performance Predictions. Academy of
Management Journal, 39(4): 802-835.
Lumpkin, G.T. and Dess, G.G. (2001). Linking Two Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm
Performance: The Moderating Role of Environment and Industry Life Cycle. Journal of Business
Venturing, 16, 429-45 I.
Ichniowski, C., Shaw, K., and Prennushi, G. (1997) The Effects of Human Resource Management
Practices on Productivity: A Study of Steel Finishing Lines. The American Economic Review,
87(3): 291-313.
Elorza, U., Aritzeta, A., and Ayestarán, S. (2011) Exploring the Black Box in Spanish Firms: The Effect
of the Actual and Perceived System on Employees’ Commitment and Organizational
Performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(7), 1401-1422
Wright, P. M., Gardner, T. M., and Moynihan, L. M. (2003) The Impact of HR Practices on the
Performance of Business Units. Human Resource Management Journal, 13(3): 21-36
Youndt, M. A. and Snell, S. A. (2004) Human Resource Configurations, Intellectual Capital, and
Organizational Performance. Journal of Managerial Issues, 16(3): 337-360.
Teo, S. T. T., Clerc, M. L., and Galang, M. C. (2011). Human Capital Enhancing HRM Systems and
Frontline Employees in Australian Manufacturing SMEs. The International Journal of Human
Resource Management, 22(12): 2522-2538
Mills, J. E., Hu, B., Beldona, S., & Clay, J. (2001). Cyberslacking! A liability Issue for Wired Workplaces.
Cornell Hotel RestauR Adm, 42, 34-47.
Coker, B. (2013). Workplace Internet leisure browsing. Human Performance, 26(2), 114-125.
Lim, V., & Chen, D. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work? Behaviour &
Information Technology, 31(4), 343-353. Messarra, L. C., Karkoulian, S., & McCarthy, R. (2011).
To restrict or not to restrict personal internet usage on the job. Education, Business and
Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 4(4), 253-266
171 | P a g e
Panko, R. R., & Beh, H. G. (2002). Monitoring for pornography and sexual harassment. Commun
ACM, 45, 84-87.
Lichtash, A. E. (2004). Inappropriate use of e-mail and the Internet in the workplace: The arbitration
picture. Dispute Resolot J, 59, 26-36.
Block, W. (2001). Cyberslacking, business ethics and managerial economics. Journal of Business
Ethics, 33, 225–231.
Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Predictors of Use of Social Network Sites at
Work - A Specific Type of Cyberloafing. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jcc4.12085
Sipior, J. C., Ward, B. T. (2002). A Strategic Response to the Broad Spectrum of Internet Abuse.
Inform Syst Magage, 19, 71-79.
Soh, P. C., Koay, K., & Chew, K. (2017). Conceptual view of Cyberloafing and Non-Work Domain. SHS
Web of Conferences 33, 00029. DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/20173300029
Griffiths, M. D. (2003). Internet abuse in the workplace: issues and concerns for employers and
employment counselors. Journal of Employment Counseling, 40, 87–96.
Duhita, S., & Daellenbach, U. (2015). Is Loafing at Work Necessarily Detrimental? Centre for Labour,
Employment and Work. Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from
https://www.victoria.ac.nz/som/clew/files/Loafing_CLEWedInFINAL.pdf
Young, K. S., & Case, C. J. (2004). Internet abuse in the workplace: New trends in risk management.
Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7, 105–111.
Lara, P. Z. M., Tacoronte, D. V., & Ding, J. M. T. (2006). Do current anti-cyberloafing disciplinary
practices have a replica in research findings? A study of the effects of coercive strategies on
workplace Internet misuse. Internet Research, 16, 450–467.
Henle, C. A., Kohut, G., & Booth, R. (2009). Designing electronic use policies to enhance employee
perceptions of fairness and to reduce cyberloafing: An empirical test of justice theory.
Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 902–910.
172 | P a g e
Tapscott, D. (2009). Grown up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2000). Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation. New York: Vintage
Books.
Espinoza, C. Ukleja, M., & Rusch, C. (2011). Core Competencies for Leading Today’s Workforce.
Leader to Leader, 6.
Crumpacker, M. & Crumpacker, J. (2007). Succession planning and generational stereotypes: Should
HR consider age-based values and attitudes a relevant factor or a passing fad? Public
Personnel Management, 36(4), 21.
Hershatter, A. & Epstein, M. (2010). Millennials and the World of Work: An Organization and
Management Perspective. Journal of Business Psychology, 25, 13.
Mujtaba, B., Manyak, T., Murphy, E. & Sungkhawan, J. (2010). Cross-Cultural Value Differences of
Working Adult Gen X and Gen Y Respondents in Thailand. The International Journal of
Management and Business, 1(1), 25.
Dannar, P. R. (2013). Millennials: What They Offer Our Organizations and How Leaders Can Make
Sure They Deliver. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 6(1), Available at:
http://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol6/iss1/3
Bolton, R.N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., Loureiro, Y.K.
and Solnet, D. (2013), “Understanding generation Y and their use of social media: a review and
research agenda”, Journal of Service Management, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 245-267.
Deloitte Consulting. (2005). Who Are the Millennials, aka Generation Y? Retrieved from
http://www.mcosa.net/
Cisco (2011). The New Workplace Currency – It’s Not Just Salary Anymore: Cisco Study Highlights
New Rules for Attracting Young Talent Into the Workplace. Retrieved from
https://newsroom.cisco.com/press-release-content?articleId=532138
HAYS (2013). Gen Y and the World of Work. Retrieved from https://social.hays.com/wp-
content/uploads/2013/10/Hays_Report_V4_02122013_online.pdf
173 | P a g e
Eron, E., & Vardarlier, P. (2013). Social Media’s Role in Developing an Employees Sense of Belonging
in the Work Place as an HRM Strategy. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, pp. 852-
860.. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.557
Karoui, M., Dudezert, A, & Leidner, D. E. (2015). Strategies and symbolism in the adoption of
organizational social networking systems. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 24(1),
15-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2014.11.003
Gonzalez, E. S., Leidner, D. E., Riemenschneider, C., & Koch, H. (2013). THE IMPACT OF INTERNAL
SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIALIZATION AND COMMITMENT. Thirty
Fourth International Conference on Information Systems, Milan 2013. Organization and IS.
Rerieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e9c3/13fb4cfb8e31cd5ab80ef692dd30f27b70bf.pdf
Synodinos, N. E. (2003) "The “art” of questionnaire construction: some important considerations for
manufacturing studies", Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 14 Issue: 3, pp.221-
237, https://doi.org/10.1108/09576060310463172
Schwarz, N. (1999). “Self‐reports: How the questions shape the answers”, American Psychologist,
Vol. 54 No. 2, pp. 93‐105.
de Vaus, D. A. (1996). Surveys in social research (4th ed. Vol. 5). London: UCL Press Ltd.
Bryman, A. (2001). Social Research Methods. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fogelman-Beyer, A. (1999). Are you ready for a communications audit? Public Relations
Tactics; 6(8), 19. Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com/docview/205164162?accountid=1470
Zwijze-Koning, K. H., & de Jong, M. D. T. (2015). Network Analysis as a Communication Audit
Instrument: Uncovering Communicative Strengths and Weaknesses Within Organizations.
176 | P a g e
Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 29(1), 36-60. DOI:
10.1177/1050651914535931.
Hargie, O., Dickson, D., & Tourish, D. (2004). Communication skills for effective management.
MacMillan, Houndmills.
Quinn, D. & Hargie, O. (2004). Internal communication audits: a case study. Corporate
Communications, 9(2), 146-158.
Henderson, J. (2005) Evaluating public relations eff ectiveness in a health care setting: The identifi
cation of communication assets and liabilities via a communication audit, Journal of Health and
Human Services Administration , 28, 282– 322.
Hargie, O. & Tourish, D. (2009a). Handbook of communication audits for organizations. London:
Routledge
Kopec, J. (1982). The communication audit. Public Relations Journal, 39, 24-27.
Booth, A. (1989). The Communications Audit: A Useful Management Tool?. Managerial Auditing
Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001748
Tourish, D., & Hargie, O. (2000c). Auditing communication to maximize performance. In O. Hargie &
D. Tourish (Eds.), Handbook of communication audits for organizations (pp. 22-41). London:
Routledge.
Clampitt, P. G. (2000). The questionnaire approach. In O. Hargie & D. Tourish (Eds.), Handbook of
communication audits for organizations (pp. 45-65). London: Routledge.
Dickson, D. A., Rainey, S., & Hargie, O. D. W. (2003a). Communicating sensitive business
issues: Part 1. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 8, 35-43.
Dickson, D. A., Rainey, S., & Hargie, O. D. W. (2003a). Communicating sensitive business
issues: Part 1. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 8, 121-127.
177 | P a g e
Lloyd, H. L.E., Varey,R. J. (2003). Factors affecting internal communication in a strategic alliance
project. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 8(3),.197-207. https://
doi.org/10.1108/13563280310487658
Tourish, D., & Hargie, O. (2000a). Communication and organizational success. In O. Hargie & D.
Tourish (Eds.), Handbook of communication audits for organizations (pp. 3-21). London:
Routledge.
Hargie, O., & Tourish, D. (1993). Assessing the Effectiveness of Communication in Organisations: The
Communication Audit Approach. in Health Services Management , 6(4), 276-283.
https://doi.org/10.1177/095148489300600406
Brennen, B. S. (2012). Qualitative Research Methods for Media Studies. London: Routledge.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In
Norman K. Denzin & Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research: Theories
and issues (pp. 1–34). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Matijević, S., Vrdoljak, I., & Filipovıć, D. (2015). THE ROLE OF NATIONAL CULTURE IN
CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT. Management and Organization, 457, 469.
Richard D. Waters & Kevin D. Lo (2012) Exploring the Impact of Culture in the Social Media Sphere: A
Content Analysis of Nonprofit Organizations’ Use of Facebook, Journal of Intercultural
Communication Research, 41:3, 297-319, DOI: 10.1080/17475759.2012.728772
Hofstede, G. & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (Rev. 2 nd
ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Alarcón-del-Amo, M., Lorenzo-Romero, C., & Gómez-Borja, M. (2016). Cultural influence on the
adoption of social networking sites. International Journal of Market Research Vol. 58 Issue 2, 277-
300. DOI: 10.2501/IJMR-2016-015
Robbins, S. S., & Stylianou, A. C. (2003). Global corporate web sites: An empirical investigation of
content and design. Information & Management, 40(3), 205–212.
Campbell, W. M., Moore, P., Ratcliffe, M., & Sharma, M. (2018). The Influence of Culture on the
Adoption of Green IT (Eds.). In Khosrow-Pour, M. Technology Adoption and Social Issues: Concepts,
Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, 103-138.
178 | P a g e
Fernández, R. C., McCoy, S., Yáñez, S. L., & Yáñez, M. D. (2014). Technology Acceptance Model:
Worried about the Cultural Influence?. In: Nah F.FH. (eds) HCI in Business. HCIB 2014. Lecture Notes
in Computer Science, vol 8527. Springer, Cham
Lee, S., Trimi, S., & Kim, C. (2013). The impact of cultural differences on technology adoption. Journal
of World Business, Volume 48, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 20-29.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.06.003
Abdelzahera, D., Fernandez, W. D., & Schneper, W. D. (2019). Legal rights, national culture and social
networks: Exploring the uneven adoption of United Nations Global Compact. International Business
Review, Volume 28, Issue 1, 12-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.05.001
Tsai, W., & Men, L. R. (2012). "Cultural values reflected in corporate pages on popular social network
sites in China and the United States", Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, Vol. 6 Issue: 1,
pp.42-58, https://doi.org/10.1108/17505931211241369
Dadgar, M., Vithayathil, J., & Osiri, J. K. (2017). Social Media Usage and Cultural Dimensions: An
Empirical Investigation. Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, 2017, 2243-2252.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/aaab/c67214b15ec79a925e3d92390585aed21e91.pdf
Gong, W., Stump, R. L., Li, Z. G. (2014). Global use and access of social networking web sites: a
national culture perspective. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, Vol. 8 Issue: 1, pp.37-
55, https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-09-2013-0064
Johnston, K., & Johal, P. (1999). The internet as a virtual cultural region: Are extant cultural
classification schemes appropriate? Internet Research, 9(3), 178–186.
Shuter, R. (2011). Introduction: New media across cultures—prospect and promise. Journal of
International and Intercultural Communication, 4(4), 241–245.
Wilson, M. (2010). An exploration of network and community theory and technosocial forms.
Information, Communication & Society, 13(5), 747–764.
Trompenaars, F. (1994), Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business,
Irwin Professional Publishing, Burr Ridge, IL.
179 | P a g e
Triandis, H. (1995), Individualism and Collectivism, Westview, Boulder, CO.
Ruhi, U., & Al-Mohsen, D. (2015). Enterprise 2.0 Technologies for Knowledge Management:
Exploring Cultural, Organizational & Technological Factors. Journal of Organizational Knowledge
Management http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/JOKM/jokm.html Vol. 2015(2015), Article
ID 789394, 21pages DOI: 10.5171/2015.789394
Ardichvili, A., Maurer, M., Li, W., Wentling, T., & Stuedemann, R. (2006). Cultural influences on
knowledge sharing through online communities of practice. JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT j VOL. 10 NO. 1 2006, pp. 94-107. DOI 10.1108/13673270610650139
Razmerita, L., Kirchner, K., Nielsen, P. (2016). What Factors Influence Knowledge Sharing in
Organizations? : A Social Dilemma Perspective of Social Media Communication. Journal of
Knowledge Management, Vol. 20, No. 6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2016-0112
Croucher, S. M. (2011). Social networking and cultural adaptation: A theoretical model. Journal of
International and Intercultural Communication, 4(4), 259–264.
McEwan, B., & Sobre-Denton, M. (2011). Virtual cosmopolitanism: Constructing third cultures and
transmitting social and cultural capital through social media. Journal of International and
Intercultural Communication, 4(4), 252–258.
Gong, W., Stump, R. L., & Li, Z. G. (2014) "Global use and access of social networking web sites: a
national culture perspective", Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, Vol. 8 Issue: 1, pp.37-55,
https:// doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-09-2013-0064
Yeniyurt, S. and Townsend, J.D. (2003), “Does culture explain acceptance of new products in a
country? An empirical investigation”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 377-396.
Santos, V. R., Soares, A. L., & Carvalho, J. Á. (2012). Knowledge sharing barriers in complex research
and development projects: an exploratory study on the perceptions of project managers. Knowledge
and Process Management, 19(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/ kpm.1379
Bures, V. (2003). Cultural barriers to knowledge sharing. Economics and Management, Liberec, 6, 57-
62.
Nadason, S., Saad, R. A., & Ahmi, A. (2017). Knowledge Sharing and Barriers in Organizations: A
Conceptual Paper on Knowledge-Management Strategy. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and
Finance (IPJAF) Vol. 1 No. 4, 2017 pp. 32-41. file:///C:/Users/dell/Downloads/26-Article%20Text-72-
1-10-20180510.pdf
180 | P a g e
Mueller, J. (2012). Knowledge sharing between project teams and its cultural antecedents. Journal of
Knowledge Management, Vol. 16 Issue: 3, pp.435-447,
https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271211238751
Groves RM, Fowler FJ, Couper MP, Lepkowski JM, Singer E, et al. (2004) Survey
Methodology. Hoboken (New Jersey): John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Aday LA, Cornelius LJ (2006) Designing and Conducting Health Surveys. Hoboken (New
Jersey): John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Edwards P (2010) Questionnaires in clinical trials: guidelines for optimal design and
administration. Trials 11: 2.
McColl E, Jacoby A, Thomas L, Soutter J, Bamford C, et al. (2001) Design and use of
questionnaires: a review of best practice applicable to surveys of health service staff and
patients. Health Technol Assess 5: 1–256.
Baxter, P., 2008. Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for
Novice Researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), pp.544–559.
Singh, K. (2007). Quantitative Social Research Methods. New Delhi, India: Sage
Publications.
Corbetta, P. (2011). Social Research: Theory, Methods and Techniques. London, England: Sage
Publications.
Queirós, A., Faria, D., & Almeida, F. (2017). STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(9), 369-387. doi:
10.5281/zenodo.887089
181 | P a g e
technology. Organization Science, 3, 383–397.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.3.3.383
Davenport, T.H. and Prusak, L. (2000), Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What
They Know, Harvard Business Press, Boston.
Mansoori, H., Taheridemne, M., & Konjkave Monfared, A. R. (2012). Evaluating the effect of
knowledge management strategy on human resource management performance using BSC
approach. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, 27(1), 263-278.
Stenius, M., Hankonen, N., Ravaja, N., & Haukkala, A. (2016). Why share expertise? A closer look
at the quality of motivation to share or withhold knowledge. Journal of Knowledge
Management, 20(2), 181-198. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2015-0124
Muhammad Asrar-ul-Haq, M., & Anwar, S. (2016). A systematic review of knowledge management
and knowledge sharing: Trends, issues, and challenges. Cogent Business & Management, 3, 1-17.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2015.1127744
Baker, M., Leenders, R. T. A., Gabbay, S. M., Kratzer, J., & Van
Engelen, J. M. (2006). Is trust really social capital?
Knowledge sharing in product development projects. The
Learning Organization, 13, 594–605.
Anand, A. & Walsh, I. (2016). Should knowledge be shared generously? Tracing insights from past
to present and describing a model. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(4), 713-730,
https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2015-0401
Alam, S. S., Abdullah, Z., Ishak, N. A., & Zain, Z. M. (2009). Assessing knowledge sharing
182 | P a g e
behaviour among employees in SMEs: an empirical study. International Business Research,
2(2), 115-122.
Nadason, S., Saad, R. A., & Ahmi, A. (2017). Knowledge Sharing and Barriers in Organizations: A
Conceptual Paper on Knowledge-Management Strategy. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and
Finance (IPJAF), Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 32-41.
Smith, E. A. (2001). "The role of tacit and explicit knowledge in the workplace", Journal of Knowledge
Management, Vol. 5 Issue: 4, pp.311-321, https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270110411733
Panahi, S., Watson, J., & Partridge, H. (2013). Towards tacit knowledge sharing over social web
tools. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), 379-397. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-
2012-0364
Joia, L. A., & Lemos, B. (2010). Relevant factors for tacit knowledge transfer within organizations.
Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(3), 410-427.
https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271011050139
Razmerita, L., Kirchner, K., & Nielsen, P. (2016). What factors influence knowledge sharing in
organizations? A social dilemma perspective of social media communication. Journal of
Knowledge Management, 20(6), 1225-1246. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2016-0112
Haas, M.R. and Hansen, M.T. (2007), “Different knowledge, different benefits: toward a
productivity perspective on knowledge sharing in organizations”, Strategic Management
Journal, Vol. 28 No. 11, pp. 1133-1153.
Brown, S.A., Dennis, A.R., Burley, D., & Arling, P.(2013). Knowledge sharing and knowledge management system avoidance: the role of
knowledge type and the social network in bypassing an organizational knowledge management system ., Journal of the American Society
for Information Science and Technology, 64(10), 2013-2023.
Hansen, M.T., & Von Oetinger, B. (2001). Introducing T-shaped managers: knowledge management’s next generation. Harvard Business
Review, 79(3), 106-116.
183 | P a g e
Arling, P.A. & Chun, M.W.S. (2011). Facilitating new knowledge creation and obtaining KM maturity. Journal of Knowledge Management,
15(2), 231-250.
Walsham, G. (2001), “Knowledge management: the benefits and limitations of computer systems”,
European Management Journal, Vol. 19 No. 6, pp. 599-608.
Wang, S., & Noe, R. (2010). Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research.
Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 115-131.
Jain, K. K., Sandhu, M. S., & Goh, S. K. (2015). Organizational climate, trust and knowledge
sharing: insights from Malaysia. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 9(1), 54-77.
Jackson, S. E., Chuang, C. H., Harden, E. E., & Jiang, Y. (2006). Toward developing human
resource management systems for knowledge-intensive teamwork. Research in Personnel
and Human Resources Management, 25, 27-70.
Holste, J. S., & Fields, D. (2010). Trust and tacit knowledge sharing and use. Journal of Knowledge
Management, 14(1), 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271011015615
Pangil, F., & Nasurddin, A. M. (2013). Knowledge and the importance of knowledge sharing in
organizations. Business Management Research, 1983, 349-357.
Thornhill, S. (2006). Knowledge, innovation and firm performance in high- and low- technology
regimes. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(5), 687-703.
184 | P a g e
Wasko, M. and Faraj, S. (2000 ), “It is what one does: why people
participate and help others in electronic communities of practice”,
Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 9 Nos 2/3, pp. 155-
173.
W.W. Ma, A. ChanKnowledge sharing and social media: altruism, perceived online attachment motivation,
and perceived online relationship commitment
Comput. Hum. Behav., 39 (2014), pp. 51-58
Gordon, L. A., Loeb, M.P, & Lucyshyn, W. Sharing information on computer systems security: an
economic analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 2003;22(6):461e85.
Gal-Or, E., & Ghose, A. The economic incentives for sharing security information. Information
Systems Research 2005;16(2):186e208.
Liu, D., Ji, Y., & Mookerjee, V. (2011). Knowledge sharing and investment decisions in information
security. Decision Support Systems, 52(1):95e107
185 | P a g e
Liu W, Tanaka H, Matsuura K. An empirical analysis of security investment in countermeasures based
on an enterprise survey in Japan; 2006. Paper presented at the WEIS.
Hamill JT, Deckro RF, Kloeber Jr JM. Evaluating information assurance strategies. Decision Support
Systems 2005;39(3):463e84.
Katzy, B., K. Bondar, and R. Mason. 2012. “Knowledge-based theory of the firm, challenges by social
media.” In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
Maui, Hawaii, January 4–7, 2012. Computer Society Press, pp. 3879–3887.
Choi, S. Y., H. Lee, and Y. Yoo. 2010. “The impact of information technology and transactive memory
systems on knowledge sharing, application, and team performance: A field study.” MIS Q. 34(4):855–
870.
Montoya, M. M., A. P. Massey, and N. S. Lockwood. 2011. “3D collaborative virtual environments:
Exploring the link between collaborative behaviors and team performance.” Decision Sciences
42(2):451–476.
Nissen, M. E., & Bergin, R. D. (2013). KNOWLEDGE WORK THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA
APPLICATIONS: TEAM PERFORMANCE IMPLICATIONS OF IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL WORLDS. Journal of
Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 23: 84–109. DOI:
10.1080/10919392.2013.748612
Goel, L., I. Junglas, and B. Ives. 2009. “Virtual worlds as platforms for communities of practice.” In
Knowledge management and organizational learning, edited by R. Sharda, S. Voß, and W. R. King
(Vol. 4). New York: Springer US.
186 | P a g e
Kane, D. Palmer, A.N. Phillips, D. Kiron, N. Buckley. Moving beyond marketing: generating social business
value across the enterprise
MIT Sloan Manage. Rev., 56 (1) (2014), p. 1
Dennis, A. R., R. M. Fuller, and J. S. Valacich. 2008. “Media, tasks, and communication processes: A
theory of media synchronicity.” MIS Q 32(3):575–600.
Dennis, A. R., J. S. Valacich, C. Speier, and M. G. Morris. 1998. “Beyond media richness: An empirical
test of media synchronicity theory.” Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference
on System Sciences, Vol. 1, 48–57.
Sarcevic, A., L. Palen, J. White, K. Starbird, M. Bagdouri, and K. Anderson. 2012. Beacons of hope in
decentralized coordination: Learning from on-the-ground medical twitterers during the 2010 Haiti
earthquake. Seattle, WA: ACM.
Palen, L., S. R. Hiltz, and S. B. Liu. 2007. “Online forums supporting grassroots participation in
emergency preparedness and response.” Communications of the ACM 50(3):54–58.
Cao, X., D. Vogel, X. Guo, H. Liu, and J. Gu. 2012. “Understanding the influence of social media in the
workplace. An integration of media synchronicity and social capital theories.” In Proceedings of the
35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, Hawaii, January 7–10,
2002. Computer Society Press, pp. 3938–3947.
Harden, G. 2012. “Knowledge sharing in the workplace: A social networking site assessment.” In
Proceedings of the 45th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii,
January 4–7, 2012. Computer Society Press, pp. 3888–3897.
Gold, A., A. Malhotra, and A. Segars. 2001. “Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities
perspective.” Journal of Management Information Systems 18(1):185–214.
Jagatic, T. N., N. A. Johnson, M. Jakobsson, and F. Mencze. 2007. “Social phishing.” Communications
of the ACM 50(10):94–100.
Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2003). Data collection strategies in mixed methods research. In A.
Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp.
297-319). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
187 | P a g e
Light, B., K. McGrath, and M. Griffiths. 2008. “More than just friends? Facebook, disclosive ethics and
the morality of technology.” In Proceedings of International Conference on Information
Systems (ICIS), Paris, France, December 14–17, 2008, paper 193.
Alajmi, B.M., 2012. The intention to share: psychological investigation of knowledge sharing
behaviour in online communities. J. Inf. Knowl. Manage. 11 (03), 1250022.
Alali, H., Salim, J., 2013. Virtual communities of practice success model to support knowledge sharing
behaviour in healthcare sector. Procedia Technol. 11, 176–183. Allam, H., Blustein, J., Bliemel, M.,
Spiteri, L., 2012. Knowledge contribution in social media: exploring factors influencing social taggers'
acceptance towards contributing and sharing tags. Inf. Syst. Technol. Manage. 112–123
Ahmed, Y. A., Ahmad, M. N., and Zakaria, N. H. (2016). Towards Exploring Factors that Influence
Social Media-Based Knowledge Sharing Intentions in Disaster Management. Journal of Theoretical
and Applied Information Technology, 88(3), 487.
Ahmed, Y. A., Ahmad, M. N., Ahmad, N., & Zakaria, N. H. (2018). Social
media
for knowledge-sharing: A systematic literature review. Telematics
and Informatics, 1-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.01.015
C.-J. Chen, S.-W. HungTo give or to receive? Factors influencing members’ knowledge sharing and
community promotion in professional virtual communities
Inf. Manage., 47 (4) (2010), pp. 226-236
Paper presented at the 2015 9th Malaysian Software Engineering Conference (MySEC)(2015),
pp. 266-271
Pee, L., Lee, J., 2015. Intrinsically motivating employees’ online knowledge sharing: understanding
the effects of job design. Int. J. Inf. Manage. 35 (6), 679–690.
Ma, W.W., Chan, A., 2014. Knowledge sharing and social media: altruism, perceived
online attachment motivation, and perceived online relationship commitment.
Comput. Hum. Behav. 39, 51–58
188 | P a g e
Chen, C.W., Chang, M.L., Tseng, C.P., Chen, B.C., Chang, Y.Y.C., 2013. Retracted: critical
human factor evaluation of knowledge sharing intention in taiwanese enterprises.
Hum. Factors Ergon. Manuf. Serv. Ind. 23 (2), 95–106.
Chen, C.-J., Hung, S.-W., 2010. To give or to receive? Factors influencing members’
knowledge sharing and community promotion in professional virtual communities. Inf.
Manage. 47 (4), 226–236.
Bilgihan, A., Peng, C., Kandampully, J., 2014. Generation Y's dining information seeking and sharing
behavior on social networking sites: an exploratory study. Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manage. 26
(3), 349–366.
Chris Archer-Brown, Jan Kietzmann, (2018) "Strategic knowledge management and enterprise social
media", Journal of Knowledge Management, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2017-0359
Cathrine Filstad, Boyka Simeonova, Max Visser, (2018) "Crossing power and knowledge boundaries
in learning and knowledge sharing: The role of ESM", The Learning Organization, Vol. 25 Issue: 3,
pp.159-168, https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-02-2017-0024
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M., Davis, G. and Davis, F. (2003), “User acceptance of information
technology: toward a unified view”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 425-478.
Lin, T., & Huang, C. (2008). Understanding knowledge management system usage antecedents: An
integration of social cognitive theory and task technology fit. Information & Management
Volume 45, Issue 6, September 2008, Pages 410-417.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2008.06.004
Lin, H. F. (2007). Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing
intentions. Journal of Information Science, 33 (2) (2007), pp. 135-149
189 | P a g e
Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995 ), The Knowledge ‐creating
Company, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R. and Esposito, E. (2017), “Aligning enterprise knowledge and knowledge
management systems to improve efficiency and effectiveness performance: a three-
dimensional fuzzy-based decision support system”, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 91,
pp. 107-126.
Victor Jesus Garcia-Morales, Rodrigo Martín-Rojas, María Esmeralda Lardón-López, (2018) "Influence
of social media technologies on organizational performance through knowledge and
innovation", Baltic Journal of Management, Vol. 13 Issue: 3, pp.345-367,
https://doi.org/10.1108/ BJM-04-2017-0123
190 | P a g e
Walden, J. A. (2016). Integrating Social Media Into the Workplace: A Study of Shifting Technology
Use Repertoires. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 60:2, 347-363, DOI:
10.1080/08838151.2016.1164163
Dürr, S., Oehlhorn, C., Maier, C., Laumer, S. (2016). A Literature Review on Enterprise Social
Media Collaboration in Virtual Teams: Challenges, Determinants, Implications and Impacts.
SIGMIS-CPR’16, June 2–4, 2016, Alexandria, VA, USA.
Whiting, A., & Williams, D. (2013). Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications
approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(4), 362-
369. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-06-2013-0041
Tulu, D. T. (2017). Should online social Medias (OSMs) be banned at work? The impact of social
Medias on employee productivity in Ambo University, a case study. Research in International
Business and Finance, Volume 42, 1096-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.044
Hassan, H.A., Nevo, D. and Wade, M. (2015). Linking dimensions of social media use to job
performance: The role of social capital. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, vol.24, p.65-89.
Mohammad Faraz Naim, Usha Lenka, (2017) "The impact of social media and collaboration on Gen Y
employees’ engagement", International Journal of Development Issues, Vol. 16 Issue: 3, pp.289-
299, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-04-2017-0041
Kayes, I., & Iamnitchi, A. (2017). Privacy and security in online social networks: A survey. Online
Social Networks and Media 3–4 (2017) 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2017.09.001
Guha, S., Muller, M., Shami, N. S., Masli, M., & Geyer, W. (2016). Using Organizational Social
Networks to Predict Employee Engagement. Proceedings of the Tenth International AAAI Conference
on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2016). 571-574.
Luo, N., Guo, X., Lu, B., & Chen, G. (2018). Can non-work-related social media use benefit the
company? A study on corporate blogging and affective organizational commitment. Computers in
Human Behavior, 81, 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.004
Hsiu-Sen Chiang, (2013) "Continuous usage of social networking sites: The effect of innovation and
gratification attributes", Online Information Review, Vol. 37 Issue: 6, pp.851-
871, https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-08-2012-0133
191 | P a g e
Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (20o7). Interactions in virtual customer environments: Implications for
product support and customer relationship management. Journal of Interactive Marketing,
Basak, E., & Calisir, F. (2015). An empirical study on factors affecting continuance intention of using
Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 48, July 2015, Pages 181-189.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.055
Trammell,
K.D.,
Tarkowski, A.,
& Hofmokl, J.
(2004).
192 | P a g e
Identifying the
uses
and
gratifications of
polish bloggers.
Paper presented
at the the
Associa-
193 | P a g e
tion of Internet
Researchers
Annual
Conference,
Brighton, UK.
Trammell,
K.D.,
Tarkowski, A.,
194 | P a g e
& Hofmokl, J.
(2004).
Identifying the
uses
and
gratifications of
polish bloggers.
Paper presented
195 | P a g e
at the the
Associa-
tion of Internet
Researchers
Annual
Conference,
Brighton, UK.
196 | P a g e
Trammell,
K.D.,
Tarkowski, A.,
& Hofmokl, J.
(2004).
Identifying the
uses
197 | P a g e
and
gratifications of
polish bloggers.
Paper presented
at the the
Associa-
tion of Internet
Researchers
198 | P a g e
Annual
Conference,
Brighton, UK.
Trammell, K. D., Tarkowski, A., & Hofmokl, J. (2006). Rzeczpospolita blogów [Republic of Blog]:
Examining the motivations of Polish bloggers through content analysis. Journal of Computer-
Mediated Communication, 11(3). http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue3/trammell.html
A. Basalingappa, M.S. Subhas, R. TapariyaUnderstanding likes on
Facebook: An exploratory study
Paper presented at the international conference on communication,
media, technology and design, Dubai - United Arab Emirates (2015)
Zhang, Y., & Tang, S. T. (2009). Why and how Facebook satisfies you: collective self-esteem,
emotional openness, communication apprehension as predictors of Facebook uses and
gratifications. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism
and Mass Communication, Boston, MA
199 | P a g e
Communities. Organization Science,
22(6), 165-187. DOI: 10.1287/isre.2014.0562
D. Lupton“feeling better connected”: Academics' use of social
media
News & Media Research Centre, University of
Canberra, Canberra (2014)
Cheney G, Christensen LT, Zorn TE, Jr, Ganesh S. Organizational Communication in an age of
globalization: Issues, reflections and practices. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press; 2004.
(Willits, F. K., Theodori, G. L., & Luloff, A. E. (2016). ANOTHER LOOK AT LIKERT SCALES.
Journal of Rural Social Sciences, 31(3), 2016, pp. 126–139
200 | P a g e
Myers KK. Workplace relationships. In: Smith S, Wilson SR, editors. New directions in interpersonal
communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2009. pp. 135–156.
Greenbaum HH, Query JL., Jr . Communication in organizational work groups: A review and analysis
of natural work group studies. In: Frey LR, editor. The handbook of group communication theory and
research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1999. pp. 539–564.
Herriot P. Selection and self: Selection as a social process. European Journal of Work and
Organizational Psychology. 2002;11:385–402. doi: 10.1080/13594320244000256.
Jablin FM, Krone KJ. Task/work relationships: A life-span perspective. In: Knapp ML, Miller GR,
editors. Handbook of interpersonal communication. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1994. pp. 621–675.
Spaho, K. (2013). Organisational communication and conflict management. Management, 18(1), 103-
118.
Onyesom, M., & Onyesom, A. E. (2015). Dimensions of Communication in the 21st Century
Organizations: A Conceptual Review. Journal of Language and Communication, 2(1), 7-20.
http://rassweb.org/admin/pages/ResearchPapers/Paper%202_1495827249.pdf
Nwakanobi, E.I. (2010). Theory and practice of business communication. Lagos: Emakco Publishers.
Modaff, D. P., DeWine, S., & Butler, J. (2007). Organizational communication: foundations, challenges, and
misunderstandings. (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Santra, T., & Giri, V. N. (2009). Analyzing computer-mediated communication and organizational
effectiveness. The Review of Communication, 9(1), 100–109.
Communication In The Social Organization (Eds.). Amelia Manuti and Pasquale Davide de Palma. 14-
27
Goldhaber, G. M., Porter, D. T., Yates, M. P., & Lesniak,R. ( 1978). “Organizational Communication”,
Human Communication Research, 5, 76-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-
2958.1978.tb00624.x
Ruben, D. B. and Stewart, P. L., (2006). Communication and Human Behavior (5th edition), Allyn:
Bacon.
201 | P a g e
Redding, W. C. and Tompkins, K. P., (1988). “Organizational communication: Past and Present
Tenses”, Gerald. M. Goldhaber and George. A. Barnett (eds.), Handbook of Organizational
Communication Norwood, NJ: Ablex, pp. 5-33.
Gail T. Fairhurst, Discursive Leadership: In Conversation with Leadership Psychology (Los Angeles: Sage, 2007)
Linda L. Putnam and Anne Nicotera, Building Theories of Organization: The Constitutive Role of Communication (New
York, NY: Routledge, 2009).
Karen Lee Ashcraft, Timothy R. Kuhn, and Francois Cooren, “Constitutional Amendments: ‘Materializing’ Organizational
Communication,” The Academy of Management Annals (2009): 1–64
Bruno Latour, Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press,
2007).
Forum, 39, 299–306.10.1188/12.ONF.299-306[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of
Megan Woods, Rob Macklin & Gemma K. Lewis (2016) Researcher reflexivity: exploring the impacts
of CAQDAS use, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 19:4, 385-403, DOI:
10.1080/13645579.2015.1023964
Paulus, T., Woods, M., Atkins, D., & Macklin, R. (2014). Current reporting practices of ATLAS.ti user in
published research studies. In S. Friese & T. Ringmayr (Eds.), ATLAS.ti user conference 2013:
202 | P a g e
Fostering dialog on qualitative methods. Berlin: University Press, Technical University. Retrieved July
7, 2014, from http://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-tuberlin/ frontdoor/index/index/docId/4429
*Lee, R. M., & Esterhuizen, L. (2000). Computer software and qualitative analysis: Trends, issues and
resources. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 3, 231–243.
Woods, M., & Wickham, M. (2006). Methodological implications of software use: an empirical
investigation of the impact of software programs on literature analysis using N6 and N Vivo 7.
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Qualitative Research in IT & IT in Qualitative
Research (pp. 163–172).
Séror, J. (2005). Computers and qualitative data analysis: Paper, pens, and highlighters vs. screen,
mouse, and keyboard. TESOL Quarterly, 39, 321–328.
Muhr, T. (1991). ATLAS/ti–A prototype for the support of text interpretation. Qualitative Sociology,
14, 349–371.
MacMillan, K., & Koenig, T. (2004). The wow factor: Preconceptions and expectations for data
analysis software in qualitative research. Social Science Computer Review, 22, 179–186.
Catterall, M., & Maclaren, P. (1998). Using computer software for the analysis of qualitative market
research data. Journal of the Market Research Society, 40, 207–222.
Holbrook, A., & Butcher, L. (1996). Uses of qualitative data analysis software in educational research:
The literature, the hard questions and some specific research applications. The Australian
Educational Researcher, 23, 55–80.
Tavakol , M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011; 2(1), 53–
55. doi: [10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd]
Suen, L. W., Huang, H., & Lee, H. (2014). A comparison of convenience sampling and purposive
sampling. Hu Li Za Zhi, 61(3), 105-11. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-
com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/docview/1537381331?accountid=14700
203 | P a g e
Cochran, W. G. (1985). Sampling Techniques. NY, USA: Wiley Eastern Limited.
Thompson, C. (1999). If you could just provide me with a sample: examining sampling in qualitative
and quantitative research papers. Evidence-Based Nursing, 2, 68-70. Doi: 10.1136/ebn.2.3.68
Coakes, S. J., & Steed, L. (2009). SPSS: Analysis Without Anguish Using Spss Version
14.0 for Windows. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY, USA
Hesse-Biber, S., Dupuis, P., & Kinder, T. (1991). HyperRESEARCH: A
computer program for the analysis of qualitative data with an emphasis
on hypothesis testing and multimedia analysis. Qualitative
Sociology, 14, 289–306.10.1007/BF00989642[Crossref], , [Google Scholar])
204 | P a g e
Muhr, T. (1991). ATLAS/ti–A prototype for the support of text
interpretation. Qualitative Sociology, 14, 349–
371.10.1007/BF00989645[Crossref], , [Google Scholar])
125.10.1007/BF00987111
N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.). 2005. Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 273–285). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.
Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative Case Studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage
handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443-466). Thousand Oaks, CA, : Sage Publications Ltd.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and method (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Merriam, S. (1988). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach. San Francisco: Jossey-
Bass.
Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L. (1965) Awareness of Dying. New York: Aldine Publishing.
Hallberg,L.R.M.(2006) ‘The “Core Category”of Grounded Theory: Making Constant Comparisons’,
International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 1: 141–8.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and
techniques (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five
Approaches. California, US: Thousand Oaks.
Pinnegar, S., and Daynes, J.G,. (2006) Locating narrative inquiry historically: Thematics in the turn to
narrative. In Clandinin D. J., (Ed). Handbook of Narrrative Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Cornwall, A., & Jewkes, R. (1995). What is participatory research? Social Science and Medicine, 14,
1667–1676.
Hayward, C., Simpson, L., & Wood, L. (2004). Still left out in the cold: Problematising participatory
research and development. Sociologia Ruralis, 44, 95–108.
205 | P a g e
Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., & Becker, A. B. (1998). Review of community-based research:
Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19,
173–202
Orr, D. (1992). Ecological literacy: Education and the transition to a postmodern world. Albany, NY:
State University of New York Press.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Morgan, D. L., Krueger, R. A., & King, J. A. (1998). The focus group kit (Vols. 1–6). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Nyumba, T. O., Wilson, K., Derrick, C., J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion
methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods in Ecology and
Evolution, 9, 20-32. DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.12860
Mukherjee, N., Huge, J., Sutherland, W. J., Mcneill, J., Van Opstal, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., &
Koedam, N. (2015). The Delphi technique in ecology and biological conservation: Applications and
guidelines. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 1097–1109.
Bitner, Mary Jo, Bernard H. Booms, and and Mary Stanfield Tetreault (1990). “The Service Encounter:
Diagnosing Favorable and Unfavorable Incidents,” Journal of Marketing, 54 (January), 71-84.
Gabbott, Mark and Gillian Hogg (1996), “The Glory of Stories: Using Critical Incidents to Understand
Service Evaluation in the Primary Healthcare Context,” Journal of Marketing Management, 12, 493-
503.
Singh, Jagdip and Robert E. Wilkes (1996), “When Consumers Complain: A Path Analysis of the Key
Antecedents of Consumer Complaint Response Estimates,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing
Science, 24 (Fall), 350-65.
Michel, Stefan (2001), “Analyzing Service Failures and Recoveries: A Process Approach,”
International Journal of Service Industry Management, 12 (1), 20-33.
206 | P a g e
Gremler, D. D. (2004). The Critical Incident Technique in Service Research. Journal of Service
Research, Volume 7, No. 1, 65-89. DOI: 10.1177/1094670504266138
Chell, Elizabeth and Luke Pittaway (1998), “A Study of Entrepreneurship in the Restaurant and Café
Industry: Exploratory Work Using the Critical Incident Technique as a Methodology,” International
Journal of Hospitality Management, 17, 23-32.
Becker, H. S., & Geer, B. (1970). Participant observation and interviewing: A comparison. In W. J.
Filstead (Ed.), Qualitative methodology: Firsthand involvement with the social world (pp. 133–142).
Chicago: Markham.
Gorman, G. E., & Clayton, P. (2005). Qualitative research for the information professional (2nd ed.).
London: Facet
Murphy, E., & Dingwall, R. (2007). Informed consent, anticipatory regulation and ethnographic
practice. Social Science & Medicine, 65, 2223–2234. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.08.008
Mays, N., & Pope, C. (1995). Observational methods in health care settings. British Medical Journal,
311(6998), 182–184. doi:10.2307/29728110
Furlong, M. (2010). Clear at a distance, jumbled up close: Observation, immersion and reflection in
the process that is creative research. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Research methods in health:
Foundations for evidence-based practice (pp. 153–169). South Melbourne, Australia: Victoria Oxford
University Press
Burns, A.C. and Bush, R.F. (2000), Marketing Research, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Becker, H. S., & Geer, B. (1970). Participant observation and interviewing: A comparison. In W. J.
Filstead (Ed.), Qualitative methodology: Firsthand involvement with the social world (pp. 133–142).
Chicago: Markham.
207 | P a g e
Gorman, G. E., & Clayton, P. (2005). Qualitative research for the information professional (2nd ed.).
London: Facet
Murphy, E., & Dingwall, R. (2007). Informed consent, anticipatory regulation and ethnographic
practice. Social Science & Medicine, 65, 2223–2234. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.08.008
Mays, N., & Pope, C. (1995). Observational methods in health care settings. British Medical Journal,
311(6998), 182–184. doi:10.2307/29728110
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
Denscombe, M. (1998) The Good Research Guide, Buckingham: Open University Press.
McBurney, D. H. and White, T. L. (2004) Research Methods, Belmont, USA: Wadsworth/ Thomson
Learning.
Parson, R. and Tille, N. (2004) ‘Go forth and experiment’, in C. Seale (ed.) Social Research Methods: A
Reader, London: Routledge.
Singh, S. (2007). Quantitative Social Research Methods. New Delhi, India: Sage.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. London,
England: Pearson.
Marta Ingelmo Palomares , Cristina Navarro , José Ángel Sanz Lara , (2018) "Determining
factors of success in internal communication management in Spanish companies: The
influence of social media", Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 23 Issue:
3, pp.405-422, https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-03-2017-0021
Strano, M. M., & Queen, J. W. (2012). Journal of Media Psychology, Vol. 24(4):166–180 DOI:
10.1027/1864-1105/a000076
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
208 | P a g e
Fusi, F., & Zhang, F. (2018). Social Media Communication in the Workplace: Evidence From Public
Employees’ Networks. Review of Public Personnel Administration 1–27. DOI:
10.1177/0734371X18804016
Bretschneider, S., & Parker, M. (2016). Organization formalization, sector and social media: Does
increased standardization of policy broaden and deepen social media use in organizations?
Government Information Quarterly, 33, 614-628. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.09.005
Justin A. Walden (2016) Integrating Social Media Into the Workplace: A Study of Shifting Technology
Use Repertoires, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 60:2, 347-363, DOI:
10.1080/08838151.2016.1164163
Cardon, P. W., & Marshall, B. (2015). The Hype and Reality of Social Media Use for Work
Collaboration and Team Communication. International Journal of Business Communication 2015,
Vol. 52(3) 273–293. DOI: 10.1177/2329488414525446
Cai, Z., Huang, Q., Liu, H., & Wang, X. (2018). Improving the agility of employees through
enterprise social media: The mediating role of psychological conditions. International Journal of
Information Management, 38, 52-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.09.001
Trier, M. (2008). Research note: Towards dynamic visualization for understanding evolution
of digital communication networks. Information Systems Research, 19(3), 335–350.
Azaizah, N., Reychav, I., Raban, D. R., Simon, T., & McHaney, R. (2018). Impact of ESN
implementation on communication and knowledge-sharing in a multi-national organization.
International Journal of Information Management. 43. 284-294.
10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.08.010.
Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (2009). Social network analysis: Methods and applications (19th
ed.). Cambridge university press.
Fusi, F., & Feeney, M. K. (2018). Social Media in the Workplace: Information Exchange,
Productivity, or Waste? American Review of Public Administration 2018, Vol. 48(5) 395–412. DOI:
10.1177/0275074016675722.
Mark Verheyden, (2017) "Social media and the promise of excellence in internal communication",
Journal of Organizational Ethnography, Vol. 6 Issue: 1, pp.11-25, https://doi.org/10.1108/ JOE-09-
2016-0020 Permanent link to this document: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOE-09-2016-0020
King, C., & Lee, H. (2016). Enhancing internal communication to build social capital amongst
hospitality employees – the role of social media. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management Vol. 28 No. 12, 2016 pp. 2675-2695 © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0959-6119
DOI 10.1108/IJCHM-06-2015-0321
209 | P a g e
Ellison, N.B., Steinfield, C., Lampe, C., 2007. The benefits of Facebook ‘‘Friends:’’ social capital and
college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
12 (4), 1143–1168.
Stets, J.E., Burke, P.J., 2000. Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly 63
(3), 224–237
Ali-Hassan, H., Nevo, D., & Wade, M. (2015)Linking dimensions of social media use to job
performance: The role of social capital. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Volume 24,
Issue 2, June 2015, Pages 65-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2015.03.001
Dumpit, D. Z., & Fernandez, C. J. (2017). Analysis of the use of social media in Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs) using the Technology Acceptance Model. Int J Educ Technol High Educ (2017) 14:
5, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0045-2
Pillai, A., & Mukherjee, J. (2011). User acceptance of hedonic versus utilitarian social networking web
sites. Journal of Indian Business Research, 3(3), 180–191. doi:10.1108/17554191111157047
Ernst, C.-P. H., Pfeiffer, J., & RothLauf, F. (2013). Hedonic and utilitarian motivations of social
network site adoption. Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz: Working Papers in Information
Systems and Business Administration
Sledgianowski, D., & Kulviwat, S. (2009). Using social network sites: The effects of playfulness, critical
mass, and trust in a hedonic context. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 49(4), 74–83.
Nysveen, H., Pedersen, P. E., & Thorbjørnsen, H. (2005). Intentions to use mobile services:
Antecedents and cross-service comparisons. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(3),
330-346. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/docview/224871583?
accountid=14700
210 | P a g e
Gee-Woo Bock, Robert W. Zmud, Young-Gul Kim and Jae-Nam Lee Source: MIS Quarterly, Vol. 29,
No. 1, Special Issue on Information Technologies and Knowledge Management (Mar., 2005), pp. 87-
111 Published by: Management Information Systems Research Center, University of Minnesota
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25148669
Hsu, C., & Lin, J. C. (2008). Acceptance of blog usage: The roles of technology acceptance, social
influence and knowledge sharing motivation. Information & Management, Volume 45, Issue
1, January 2008, Pages 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2007.11.001
Hamari, J., Sjöklint, M., & Ukkonen, A. (2016). The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in
Collaborative Consumption. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, 67(9):2047–2059. DOI: 10.1002/asi.23552
Chow, W. S., & Chan, L. S. (2008). Social network, social trust and shared goals in organizational
knowledge sharing. Information & Management 45 (2008) 458–465. doi:10.1016/j.im.2008.06.007
Fiorilli, C., Schneider, B., & Buonomo, I. (2018). Family and nonfamily support in relation to burnout
and work engagement among Italian teachers. Psychology in the Schools,1–11. DOI:
10.1002/pits.22235
Nielsen, I. K., Jex, S. M., & Adams, G. A. (2000). DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SCORES
ON A TWO-DIMENSIONAL WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP SCALE. Educational and Psychological
Measurement, 60, 4, 628-643. https://journals-sagepub-
com.ezproxy.otago.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1177/00131640021970655
Arpana Rai, Upasna Agarwal, (2018) "Impact of workplace bullying on employee outcomes: a study
of Indian managerial employees", International Journal of Productivity and Performance
Management, Vol. 67 Issue: 7, pp.1147-1170, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2017-0109
Permanent link to this document: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2017-0109
Potgieter, I.L., Coetzee, M., & Ferreira, N. (2018). The role of career concerns and workplace
friendship in the job embeddedness–retention practices satisfaction link. SA Journal of Industrial
Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 44(0), a1519. https://doi.org/ 10.4102/sajip.v44i0.1519
Song, S. & Olshfski, D. (2018). Friends at Work A Comparative Study of Work Attitudes in Seoul City
Government and New Jersey State Government. Administration & Society Volume 40 Number 2
April 2008 147-169. 10.1177/0095399707312827
To cite this article: Eliane Bucher , Christian Fieseler & Anne Suphan (2013) THE STRESS POTENTIAL
OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE WORKPLACE, Information, Communication & Society, 16:10, 1639-1667,
DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.710245
Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2010). Impact of Technostress on End-User
Satisfaction and Performance, Journal of Management Information Systems, 27(3), 303-
334, DOI: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222270311
211 | P a g e
Maier, Christian ; Laumer, Sven ; Weinert, Christoph ; Weitzel, Tim. The effects of technostress and
switching stress on discontinued use of social networking services: a study of Facebook use.
Information Systems Journal, May 2015, Vol.25(3), pp.275-308
Wei, R., & Lo, V. (2006). Staying connected while on the move: Cell phone use and social
connectedness. new media & society, 8(1):53–72 [DOI: 10.1177/1461444806059870].
Lee, Y. (2011). m-Brand loyalty and post-adoption variations for the mobile data services: Gender
differences. Computers in Human Behavior 27 (2011) 2364–2371. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.015
Louis Leung (2001) Gratifications, chronic loneliness and internet use, Asian Journal of
Communication, 11:1, 96-119, DOI: 10.1080/01292980109364794
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research Methods for Business Students (6th ed.).
Leung & Wei, 1998. The gratifications of pager use: sociability, information-seeking, entertainment,
utility, and fashion and status. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-5853(98)00016-1
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2),
77–101.
Babbie, Earl R. The Practice of Social Research. 12th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage, 2010;
Muijs, Daniel. Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. 2nd edition. London: SAGE
Publications, 2010.
Kim, H , Jang , S. Mo, Kim, S., & Wan, A. (2018). Evaluating Sampling Methods for Content Analysis of
Twitter Data.
Black, T. R. (1999). Doing quantitative research in the social sciences :an integrated
approach to research design, measurement and statistics. London : SAGE
Publications 1999
Fradette, K., Keselman, H.J., Lix, L., Algina, J., & Wilcox, R. (2003). Conventional and Robust Paired
and Independent Samples t-tests: Type I Error and Power Rates, Journal of Modern Applied
Statistical Methods, Vol 2, Iss 2, 481-496. doi:10.22237/jmasm/1067646120
Zimmerman D. (1997). A note on the interpretation of the paired samples t-test, Journal of
educational and behavioral statistics,22,3, 349 – 360. doi:10.3102/10769986022003349
212 | P a g e
Salkind, N. J. (2010).Encyclopedia of research design Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications,
Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412961288
Lapadat, J., & Lindsay, A. (1999). Transcription in research and practice: From standardization
of technique to interpretive positionings. Qualitative Inquiry, 5, 64-86.
Green, J., Franquiz, M., & Dixon, C. (1997). The myth of the objective transcript: Transcribing
as a situated act. TESOL Quarterly, 31, 172-176.
Duranti, A. (2007). Transcripts, like shadows on a wall. Mind, Culture and Activity, 13(4), 301–
310.
ten Have, P. (2007). Doing conversation analysis: A practical guide (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
Kendyl Hassler, Kelly J. Pearce & Thomas L. Serfass (2018) Comparing the efficacy of electronic-tablet
to paper-based surveys for on-site survey administration, International Journal of Social Research
Methodology, 21:4, 487-497, DOI: 10.1080/13645579.2018.1432403
Mellahi, K., & Harris, L. C. (2016). Response Rates in Business and Management Research: An
Overview of Current Practice and Suggestions for Future Direction. British Journal of Management,
Vol. 27, 426–437 (2016). DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12154
Chidlow, A., P. N. Ghauri, S. Yeniyurt and S. T. Cavusgil (2015). ‘Establishing rigor in mail-survey
procedures in international business research’, Journal of World Business, 50, pp. 26–35
Grech, V., & Calleja, N. (2018). WASP (Write a Scientific Paper): Parametric vs. non-parametric
tests. Early Human Development. Volume 123, August 2018, Pages 48-49
M. Fine-Golden, V. GrechStatistics
T. Lissauer, W. Carrol (Eds.), The Science of Paediatrics MRCPCH
Mastercourse (1st edition), Elsevier, London (2016), pp. 723-738
Norman G. Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics. Adv Health Sci Educ
Theory Pract. 2010;15(5):625–632.
213 | P a g e
R. Rivas-Ruiz, M. Pérez-Rodríguez, J.O.TalaveraClinical research XV. From the clinical judgment to the
statistical model. Difference between means. Student’s t-test. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc, 51 (3)
(2013), pp. 300-303
Yang-chun, F., Yan-chun, H., & Xiu-min, M. (2017). The application of Student’s t-test in internal
quality control of clinical laboratory. Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine, Volume 1, Issue 3, September
2017, Pages 125-128
Armstrong, R. A., Slade, S. V., & Eperjesi, F. (2000). An introduction to analysis of variance
(ANOVA) with special reference to data from clinical experiments in optometry. Ophthal.
Physiol. Opt. Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 235±241, 2000
Hartley, J. (2013). Some thoughts on Likert-type scales. International Journal of Clinical and Health
Psychology. 13, 83−86.
Carifio, J., Perla, R., 2008. Resolving the 50-year debate around using and misusing Likert scales.
Med. Educ. 42, 1150–1152. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j. 1365- 2923.2008.03172. x.
Sullivan, G.M., Artino, A.R., 2013. Analyzing and interpreting data from likert-type scales. J. Grad.
Med. Educ. 5, 541–542. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/JGME-5-4- 18.
214 | P a g e
Gujarati, D. N. (2006). ECONOMETRICS.
Weisberg, H. F. (1992). Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences:Central tendency and
variability. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412983617
Kawaljeet Kaur Kapoor 1 & Kuttimani Tamilmani2 & Nripendra P. Rana2 & Pushp Patil2 & Yogesh K.
Dwivedi 2 & Sridhar Nerur3. 2018. Advances in Social Media Research: Past, Present and Future.
Richard, D. M. (2012). Standard Deviation. In Encyclopedia of Research Design. Edited by: Neil J.
Salkind. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288 Print pages: 1422-1424
Kavanaugh, A. L., Fox, E. A., Sheetz, S. D., Yang, S., Li, L. T., Shoemaker, D. J., . . .Xie, L.
(2012). Social media use by government: From the routine to the critical. Government
Information Quarterly, 29, 480-491. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2012.06.002
Khan, G. F., Swar, B., & Lee, S. K. (2014). Social media risks and benefits a public sector
perspective. Social Science Computer Review, 32, 606-627.
Fusi, F., & Feeney, M. K. (2018). Social Media in the Workplace: Information Exchange,
Productivity, or Waste? American Review of Public Administration 2018, Vol. 48(5) 395–412
Mergel, I., & Bretschneider, S. I. (2013). A three-stage adoption process for social media use in
government. Public Administration Review, 73, 390-400.
Mergel, I. (2017). Building holistic evidence for social media impact. Public Administration Review,
77, 489–495. doi:10.1111/puar.12780.
Lee, J., & Reed, B. J. (2015). From paper to cloud. In M. E. Guy & M. M. Rubin (Eds.), Public
administration evolving: From foundations to the future (pp. 159–190). New York, NY: Routledge.
215 | P a g e
Yildiz, M., Babaoğlu, C., & Demircioglu, M. A. (2016). E-government education in Turkish public
administration graduate programs: Past, present, and future. Journal of Public Affairs Education,
22(2), 287–302.
Song, C., & Lee, J. (2016). Citizens’ use of social media in government, perceived transparency, and
trust in government. Public Performance & Management Review, 39(2), 430–453. Spreitzer, G. M.,
Mark, A. K., & Stephen, W. N. (1997). A dimensional analysis of the relationship between
psychological empowerment and effectiveness satisfaction, and strain. Journal of Management,
23(5), 679–704.
Demircioglu, Mehmet Akif. (2018). Examining the Effects of Social Media Use on Job Satisfaction in
the Australian Public Service: Testing Self-Determination Theory. Public Performance & Management
Review. 1-28. 10.1080/15309576.2017.1400991.
Farivar & Richardson, 2020. Workplace digitalisation and work-nonwork satisfaction: the role
of spillover social media
Sheikh, A., A. Aghaz, and M. Mohammadi. 2019. “Cyberloafing and Personality Traits: An
Investigation among Knowledge-workers Across the Iranian Knowledge-intensive Sectors.”
Behaviour & Information Technology, 1–12. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2019.1580311.
Kelliher, C., J. Richardson, and G. Boiarintseva. 2019. “All of Work? All of Life?
Reconceptualising Work-life Balance for the 21st Century.” Human Resource Management
Journal 29 (2): 97–112.
Stewart, A. L., Thrasher, A. D., Goldberg, J., & Shea, J. A. (2012). A framework for understanding
modifications to measures for diverse populations. Journal of aging and health, 24(6), 992–1017.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264312440321
216 | P a g e