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Chapter

17 Data and Graphs

Practice 1 Collecting and Organizing Data
Use the data from the graph to answer questions 1 to 3.
The graph shows Ana’s monthly savings from June to December.

Ana’s Savings
50
45
40
35
Savings ($)

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
June July August September October November December
Month
Source: Data collected by Ana

1. Is this qualitative or quantitative data?

2. How much did Ana save in these six months?

3. Between which two months was there the greatest increase in savings?
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Describe each set of data displayed by each graph using discrete quantitative data,
continuous quantitative data, or qualitative data.
4. Broken-line graph showing the number of laptops in each department of a company

5. Histogram showing mass of potatoes purchased by 50 customers

6. Bar graph showing favourite sport of 50 teenagers

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7. The data shows the time taken (in minutes) by 25 students to complete an assignment
on a certain day.

30 70 200 140 210

130 230 120 80 150
100 160 45 205 60
135 90 205 160 160
180 160 185 200 90

a. Group the data into suitable intervals. Explain your choice of intervals.

b. Draw a histogram using the interval. Include a title for your histogram.

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c. Which duration of time was most commonly recorded?

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Use the data from the table to answer questions 8 to 11.

Clarice records the number of cups of water a group of people drink in a day.

Cups of water Number of people

1 10
2 12
3 22
4 20
5 34
6 24
7 18

8. On grid paper, draw a broken-line graph of the data.

9. Is this an appropriate graph for this data? Explain your answer.

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10. Is there another way to display the data?

11. Are there any trends in the data?

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Practice 2  Representing and Interpreting Data

Use the data to answer questions 1 to 5.
The data shows the number of times fish is consumed by some families.

1 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 1

3 4 2 3 5 2 4 3 4

1. Which type of table is most appropriate for displaying the data?

2. Draw the table.

3. Draw a dot plot to represent the data in the table.

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4. On grid paper, draw a bar graph to represent the data in the table.

5. How do the three representations differ? How are they the same?
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Use the data to answer questions 6 to 8.

The heights of 50 plants of one species are shown in the table.

Height (cm) 1–10 11–20 21–30 31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70

Number of plants 1 2 5 6 12 14 10

6. On grid paper, draw a histogram using the interval.

7. 
Suppose the plants are categorized as follows: poor growth:
heights between 1 centimetre and 30 centimetres, normal
growth: heights between 31 centimetres and 50 centimetres,
and excellent growth: heights between 51 centimetres and
70 centimetres. On grid paper, draw a histogram using the
new categories.

8. Compare the two histograms. Describe a situation when one

histogram would be more useful than the other.
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Practice 3 Drawing Conclusions and Making Decisions

from Graphs
Use the data from the graphs to answer questions 1 to 3.
These continuous line graphs show the daily mass of two cats taken in by a rescuer over a
period of 7 weeks.
Weekly Mass of Cat A
1400
1200
1000
Mass (g)

800
600
400
200

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Week

Weekly Mass of Cat B

1400
1200
1000
Mass (g)

800
600
400
200

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Week
Source: Data collected by a rescuer
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1. Which cat is growing faster?

2. What could be a reason for the difference in the cats’ growth?

3. Would it have been better to use a broken-line graph or a histogram to graph this data?

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Use the data from the graphs to answer questions 4 to 7.

The line graphs show the number of members in the Dance Club and the Drama Club over
6 months.
Members in Dance Club
70
65
60
55
50
Number of members

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
January February March April May June
Month
Source: Dance Club

Members in Drama Club

48

42

36

30
Number of members

24
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18

12

0
January February March April May June
Month
Source: Drama Club

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4. 
Were there more members in the Dance Club or the Drama Club in April? How many more?

5. In which month was the number of members in the Dance Club 3 less than twice the
number of members in the Drama Club?

6. Justin comments that the greatest increase in members for the Drama Club is more than
the greatest increase in members for the Dance Club.
Is he correct? Explain your answer.

7. Based on the broken-line graphs, the school publishes an article that claims the number
of members in the Dance Club is lower than the Drama Club in June. Explain why this
is incorrect.
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Use the data from the table to answer questions 8 to 10.

The graph shows the number of books read in the summer by a group of students.

Number of books read in summer

0–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 More than 20

Girls 15 15 9 12 3

Boys 18 12 9 15 0

8. What is an appropriate graph to represent the data in the table?

9. Complete the double bar graph to represent the data in the table.
Number of Books Read in Summer
21
Key
Girls
18 Boys

15
Number of students

12

6
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0
0–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 More than 20
Number of books
Source: School survey
10. What can you infer from the set of data?

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Use the data from the graphs to answer questions 11 to 12.

To maintain optimal eye health, at most 2.5 hours of screen time every day is recommended.
An online platform surveys two groups of people on the amount of screen time they spend in
a day. The line graphs show the results of the survey.
Group A: Youngsters between ages 12 and 19
Screen Time in a Day
50
45
40
Number of youngsters

35
30
25
20
15
10
5

0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Hours
Source: Online platform survey
Group B: Adults between ages 20 and 30
Screen Time in a Day
90
80
70
Number of adults

60
50
40
30
20
10
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0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Hours
             Source: Online platform survey

11. Based on the graphs, the online platform publishes an article that claims youngsters are at a
higher risk of exceeding the recommended screen time. Explain why this is incorrect.

12. What can you infer from the sets of data?

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Practice 4  Range and Measures of Central Tendency

Use the data in the table to answer questions 1 to 5.
The table shows the points scored by a team from some curling games.

Points scored 2 3 4 5 6
Number of curling games 4 7 4 3 2

1. What is the range of points scored in all the curling games?

2. What is the mean number of points scored?

3. What is the mode of the number of points scored?

4. What is the median number of points scored?

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5. Which measure of central tendency best describes the data set?

Explain your answer.

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Use the data in the stem-and-leaf plot to answer questions 6 to 12.

The double stem-and-leaf plot shows the heights of some sage and basil plants in centimetres.

Sage Stem Basil

5 3 4 0 1 2

7 3 0 5 1 4 4 9

2 2 1 0 0 6 0 1
Source: Gardening club

Sage: 5 4 represents a height of 45 centimetres.

Basil: 4 0 represents a height of 40 centimetres.

6. How many plants are there altogether?

7. What is the height of the tallest plant? What plant is it?

8. Which group of plants has a greater range?

9. What is the mode height(s) for each group of plants?

10. What is the mean height for each group of plants?

Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places where necessary.
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11. What is the median height for each group of plants?

12. Comparing the data of the heights of the two groups of plants, which group of plants
has a faster growth rate in terms of height? Explain your answer.

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