PHINMA – University of Pangasinan

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Architecture

ARC 046:
ARC 046: PROFESSIONAL
PROFESSIONAL
PRACTICE 01
PRACTICE 01
FINAL EXAMINATION

STUDENT

CARLEN M. ZARCILLA

INSTRUCTOR

AR. CESAR LAUREL AGPOON

P.D.1096
RULE VIII- LIGHT AND VENTILATION

Rule VIII of the 2004 Revised implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of P.D. No. 1096, the 1977 National
Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) deals with Light and Ventilation for buildings i.e. site occupancy, courts,
ceiling heights, room sizes and dimensions, window openings, vent shafts and the Guidelines on Easements, View
Corridors/ Sight Lines, Streets/ Road Rights-of-Way (RROWs) including sidewalks, Basements and the like.

 
 
LIGHT AND VENTILATION
General Requirements of Light and Ventilation:

1. Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of Light and View ,and to the
specific provisions of the Code, every building  shall be designed, constructed, and equipped to provide
adequate light and ventilation.

2. All buildings  shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been duly approved.

3. No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of any room or the relative areaof
windows to less than that provided for buildings under this Rule, or to create an additional room,unless
such additional room conforms to the requirements of this Rule.

4. No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or yard would be lessthan what is
prescribed for such building lot.

Percentage of Site Occupancy

The measurement of the percentage (%) of site occupancy (or lot occupancy) shall be taken atthe ground level and
shall be exclusive of courts, yards and light wells. Courts, yards, and lightwells shall be measured clear  of all
projections from the walls enclosing such wells or yards withthe exception of roof leaders, wall copings, sills,
or steel fire escapes not exceeding 1.20 meters in width.

PSO + ISA = MACA (Maximum Allowable Construction Area)

PSO + TOSL = TLA (Total Lot Area)

Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL)

Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL) are portions of the Total Lot Area (TLA) not occupied by the Maximum
Allowable PSO. The TOSL may consist of either the Maximum AllowableISA (hardscaped areas) or the USA
(exposed and planted/softscapeds oil) or may also be the combination of both types of open spaces. 

Maximum site occupancy shall be governed by use, type of construction, and height of the building and the use,
area, nature and location of the site; and subject to the provisions of the local zoning requirements and in accordance
with the following types of open spaces:

 Public open spaces - streets, alleys, easements of sea/lakeshores, rivers, creeks, esteros ,railroad tracks,
parks/plazas, playgrounds, and the like.
 
 Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL) - courts, yards, gardens, light wells, uncovereddriveways, access roads
and parking spaces consisting of two (2) types:

i. Paved or tiled (hardscaped areas); sub-classification of open space shall fall under

Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Areas (ISA) within the Total Lot Area (TLA); and

ii.  Unpaved areas within the lot that are with exposed soil and planted (softscaped), i.e., the
Unpaved Surface Areas (USA); this sub-classification is the true open space.

LOT TYPES

Natural light and ventilation can reduce building construction and operation costs and reduce
the energy consumption. Moreover it would also ensure safe, healthy and comfortable living
conditions. Therefore, it is very important to assess indoor environment before implementing
new construction or building.

B.P. 344
 “AN ACT TO ENHANCE THE MOBILITY OF DISABLED PERSONS BY REQUIRING
CERTAIN BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS, ESTABLISHMENTS AND PUBLIC UTILITIES TO INSTALL
FACILITIES AND OTHER DEVICES.”

RULE I – SCOPE AND APPLICATION

Purpose:
The Rules and regulations set forth herein provide for minimum requirements and standards to
make buildings, facilities and utilities for public use accessible to disabled persons, pursuant to
the objectives of Batas Pambansa Bilang 344, An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled
Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to Install
Facilities and Other Devices.

Scope:

The provisions of these Rules and Regulations shall apply to the following:

 Public and private buildings and related structures for public use and which shall
be constructed repaired or renovated.
 Streets and highways and public utilities
 Streets and highways
 Public transport vehicles which shall include:
a). Passenger buses and jeepneys
b). Passengers trains, including those of the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA)
c). Domestic inter-island vessels
d). Domestic aircraft of air carriers

STANDARD OF ACCESSIBILITY FOR SPECIAL TYPE OF FACILITIES

The provision of this section shall apply to the specified type of facilities and identified specific
requirements for accessibility and usability which shall be provided for each of the listed
occupancy uses.
Seating Capacity Wheelchair Seating Space
4-50 2
51-300 4
301-500 6

In order to ensure the proper and uniform implementation of accessibility features for use of
persons with disabilities along national roads pursuant to Batas Pambansa Big. 344, otherwise
known as the Accessibility Law, and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (as amended), all
implementing offices of the Department shall adopt the attached standard drawings containing
the following minimum requirements for accessibility:
 a. Figure 1- Dropped Curbs

b. Figure 2- Curb Cut-Outs

c. Figure 3- Walkways, Handrails and Open Spaces

d. Figure 4- Signages

e. Figure 5- Crossings

Minimum Requirements

1.1 CHANGES IN LEVEL AT SIDEWALKS SHOULD BE EFFECTED

BY SLIGHT RAMPS AND DROPPED CURBS;

1.2 DROPPED CURBS SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT PEDESTRIAN

CROSSINGS AND AT THE END OF FOOTPATHS OF A
PRIVATE STREET OR ACCESS ROAD; NO DROPPED
CURBS SHALL BE PROVIDED AT CORNERS OF
SIDEWALK.

1.3 DROPPED CURBS AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS SHOULD

HAVE A LENGTH CORRESPONDING TO THE WIDTH
OFTHE CROSSING IF THE SIDEWALK WIDTH IS LESS
THAN 3.50m. OTHERWISE, THE MINIMUM WIDTH
SHOULD BE 0.90m ..

1.4 DROPPED CURBS SHALL BE RAMPED TOWARDS

ADJOINING CURBS WITH A GRADIENT NOT MORE
THAN 1:12;

1.5 DROPPED CURBS SHALL BE SLOPED TOWARDS THE ROAD

WITH A MAXIMUM CROSS' GRADIENT OF 1:20 TO
PREVENT WATER FROM COLLECTING AT THE
SIDEWALK;

1.6 THE LOWEST POINT OF THE DROPPED CURB SHOULD NOT

EXCEED 25 mm HEIGHT ABOVE THE ROAD GUTTER;
 Minimum Requirements

2.1 CURB CUT-OUTS SHOULD ONLY BE

ALLOWED WHEN IT WILL NOT OBSTRUCT
A SIDEWALK OR IN ANY WAY LESSEN THE
WIDTH OF A SIDEWALK OR IF THE
SIDEWALK WIDTH IS LESS THAN 3.50m.
NO CURB CUT-OUTS SHALL BE PROVIDED
AT CORNERS OF SIDEWALKS.

2.2 THE MINIMUM WIDTH OF A CURB

CUT-OUT SHOULD BE O. 9Om.;

2.3 CURB CUT-OUTS SHOULD NOT HAVE A

GRADIENT NOT MORE THAN 1:12

Minimum Requirements

3.1 SIDEWALKS SHOULD BE KEPT AS LEVEL AS POSSIBLE AND

PROVIDED WITH SLlPRESISTANT MAT~RIAL;

3.2 WHENEVER AND WHEREVER POSSIBLE, SIDEWALKS

SHOULD HAVE A GRADIENT NO MORE THAN 1:20 OR
5%

3.3 SIDEWALKS SHOULD HAVE A MAXIMUM CROSS GRADIENT

OF 1:100;

3.4 SIDEWALKS SHOULD HAVE A MINIMUM WIDTH OF 1.20

METERS;

3.5 IF POSSIBLE, GRATINGS SHOULD NEVER BE LOCATED

ALONG SIDEWALKS; WHEN OCCURING ALONG
SIDEWALKS, GRATING OPENINGS SHOULD HAVE A
MAXIMUM DIMENSIONS OF 13mm X 13mm AND
SHALL NOT PROJECT MORE THAN 6.5mm ABOVE OR
BELOW THE LEVEL OF THE SIDEWALK;

3.6 SIDEWALKS SHOULD HAVE A CONTINUING SURFACE WITHOUT ABRUPT PITCHES IN ANGLE OR INTTERUPTIONS
BY CRACKS OR BREAKS CREATING EDGES ABOVE 6.5mm;

3.7 IN LENGTHY OR BUSY SIDEWALKS, SPACES SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT SOME POINT ALONG THE ROUTE SO THAT
A WHEELCHAIR MAY PASS ANOTHER OR TURN AROUND; THESE SPACES SHOULD HAVE A MINIMUM
DIMENSION OF 1.5 METERS AND SHOULD BE SPACED AT A MAXIMUM DISTANCE OF 12.00 METERS
BETWEEN STOPS
 Minimum Requirements

4.1 DIRECTIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL SIGN SHOULD BE LOCATED

AT POINTS CONVENIENTLY SEEN EVEN BY A PERSON ON A
WHEELCHAIR;

4.2 SIGNS SHOULD BE KEPT SIMPLE AND EASY TO UNDERSTAND;

SIGNAGES SHOULD BE MADE OF CONTRASTING COLORS
AND GRAY VALUES TO MAKE DETECTION AND READING
EASY;

4.3 THE INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL FOR ACCESS SHOULD BE USED TO

DESIGNATE ROUTES AND FACILITIES THAT ARE ACCESSIBLE;

4.4 SHOULD A SIGN PROTRUDE INTO A WALKWAY OR ROUTE, A

MINIMUM HEADROOM OF 2.00 METERS SHOULD BE
PROVIDED; SEE FIG.

4.5 SIGNS ON WALLS AND DOORS SHOULD BE LOCATED AT A

MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF 1.60 METERS AND MINIMUM
HEIGHT OF 1.40 METERS.

Minimum Requirements

5.1 IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE EXPOSURE TIME TO

VEHICULAR TRAFFIC, ALL AT GRADE CROSSING
SHOULD: 5.1.1 BE AS PERPENDICULAR AS POSSIBLE
TO THE CARRIAGEWAY;

5.1.2 BE LOCATED AT THE NARROWEST, MOST CONVENIENT

PART OF THE CARRIAGEWAY;

5.1.3 HAVE CENTRAL REFUGES OF AT LEAST 1.50m IN DEPTH

AND PREFERABLY 2.00m, PROVIDED AS A MID-
CROSSING SHELTER, WHERE THE WIDTH OF
CARRIAGEWAY TO BE CROSSED EXCEEDS 10.00m;

5.2 ALL CROSSINGS SHOULD BE LOCATED CLOSE IF NOT

CONTIGUOUS WITH THE NORMAL PEDESTRIAN
DESIRE LINE; .

5.3 PROVIDE TACTILE BLOCKS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF THE CROSSING AS AN AID TO THE BLIND; THE
TACTILE SURFACE SHOULD BE HIGH ENOUGH TO BE FELT BY THE SOLE OF THE SHOE BUT LOW ENOUGH
SO AS NOT TO CAUSE PEDESTRIANS TO TRIP OR TO AFFECT THE MOBILITY OF WHEELCHAIR USERS; NOTE:
TACTILE STRIPS FORMED FROM BRUSHED OR GROOVED CONCRETE HAVE NOT PROVED SUCCESSFUL AS
THEY DO NOT PROVIDE SUFFICIENT DISTINCTION FROM THE NORMAL FOOTWAY SURFACE AND
THEREFORE SHOULD NOT BE USED;

5.4 LIGHT CONTROLLED CROSSINGS WITH PEDESTRIAN PHASES AND AUDIBLE SIGNALS ARE MOST BENEFICIAL TO
THE DISABLED; THEY SHOULD BE PROVIDED WHEREVER POSSIB~E;
5.5 THE AUDIBLE SIGNALS USED FOR CROSSINGS SHOULD BE DISTINGUISHABLE FROM OTHER SOUNDS IN THE
ENVIRONMENT TO PREVENT CONFUSION TO THE BLIND; A PROLONGED SOUND COULD SERVE AS
WARNING SIGNAL THAT THE CROSSING TIME IS ABOUT TO END;

5.6 SUFFICIENT TIME SHOULD BE ALLOWED FOR THE SLOWER PERSONS NEGOTIATING A CROSSING; A WALKING
SPEED OF 0.90m/sec RATHER THAN 1.20m/sec SHOULD BE CONSIDERED; A MINIMUM CROSSING PERIOD
OF 6.0 SECONDS OR THE CROSSING DISTANCE TIMES THE CROSSING SPEED (0.90m/sec), WHICHEVER IS
GREATER

INSIDE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

1. Accessible Entrances
1.1 Entrances shall be accessible from arrival and departure points to theinterior lobby.
1.2 One (1) entrance levels should be provided where elevators areaccessible.
1.3 In case entrances are not on the same level of the site arrival grade,accessible ramps
should be provided as access to the entrance level.
1.4 Entrances with vestibules shall be provided with a level area with atleast a 1.80 m.
depth and a 1.50 m. width.

ENTRANCES WITH VESTIBULES

1.5 In cases where frameless transparent glass doors and any othervertical transparent
glass panels are provided, such glass panelsshould be provided with horizontal or
graphical patterns withcontrasting gray value color against adjacent and background
colors,between 800 mm and 1.50 m. above the floor to prevent PWDs frombumping
against it.

1.6 Accessible entrance/exit of a building shall be provided with largeoverhanging roof
(canopy) to protect PWDs as well as non-PWDs fromrain

Doors

All doors shall have a minimum clear width of 900 mm.2.2 Clear openings shall be measure
d from the face of a fully open door at90 degrees and the door jamb.
Toilets and Baths

1. Accessible public toilets shall permit easy passage of a wheelchair andallow the occupant

to enter a toilet compartment, close the door andtransfer to the water closet from either a
frontal or lateral transfer.

2. The minimum number of accessible toilet compartments on each floorlevel or on that part

of a floor level accessible to persons withdisabilities shall be one (1) where the total number
of water closets perset on that level is 20; and two (2) where the number of water
closetsexceeds 20.

3. Accessible toilet compartments shall have the following:
 3.1 A minimum area of 1.70 m x 1.80 m.6.
 3.2 One (1) flip-up grab bar to be mounted
on the wide side of thecompartment
adjacent to the water closet and be at a
heightbetween 280 mm and 300 mm from
the top of the water closetseat and extend
not more than 100 mm in line with the front
ofthe water closet. One (1) vertical bar to be
provided on the sidewall close to the water
closet and located between 350 mm and450
mm from the front edge. Center line
of water closet (topview) is 750 mm from
finish to wall to grab bar.
 3.3 A turning space of 2.25 sq. m with a
minimum dimension of1500 mm for
wheelchair users shall be provided outside
watercloset cubicles
 3.4 Accessories such as mirrors, paper
dispensers, towel racks andfittings such as
faucets mounted at heights reachable
bywheelchair users. Toilet accessories such
as mirrors, towel andsoap dispensers, hand
dryer, waste bin should be encouraged
tohave a color contrast. Accessories should
be placed near theaccessible lavatory.
 3.5 For lighting/illumination levels, please
refer to the PhilippineElectrical Code

In the Philippines, the awareness about universal design is minimal. There are laws and guidelines
that aim to give equal opportunities to people with disabilities to maximize their capacity to navigate
around a given environment. Some of which are the Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 Accessibility Law,
Republic Act No. 7277 Magna Carta for the Disabled Persons and the likes, however, only a few
abide with the rules and is barely reflected in the structures. Some designers pave way to follow
them, nonetheless, sacrifices and compromises the aesthetic qualities of the design.
 R.A. 9514

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514

“AN ACT ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPEALING

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

SECTION 1. This Act shall be known as the “Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008”.

SECTION 2. It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote economic
development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds, of destructive fires,
and promote the professionalization of the fire service as a profession. Towards this
end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations to ensure adherence to
standard fire prevention and safety measures, and promote accountability in the fire
protection and prevention service.

FIRE

EXTINGUISHERS

There are different types of fire extinguishers because there are various
types of fires. Each extinguisher is suitable for fighting certain types, and it’s
important for you to know the differences if it’s your job to fight fires at work.
Being able to immediately distinguish which extinguisher you need in an
emergency could make a lifesaving difference.

There are five main types of fire extinguishers:

1. Water.
2. Powder.
3. Foam.
 4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
5. Wet chemical.

1. Water Extinguishers

There are two main types water extinguishers:

standard water spray and dry water mist.

Standard water extinguishers

These will be solid red and will have the word ‘water’ or
‘aqua spray’ printed across them in a signal red band,
often with a white border. They are your classic model:
they dispense water at a high pressure to extinguish
flames.

Water extinguishers are only suitable for class A fires, which means they can
fight fires that involve wood, cardboard, paper, plastics, fabric and textiles, and
other solid materials.

Dry water mist extinguisher

These types of fire extinguishers will be solid red and will

usually have the words ‘water mist’ printed within a white
rectangle.

Dry water mist extinguishers are unique in that many of

them can combat almost all types of fires, including
class F fires that are usually difficult to attack. The
extinguisher’s nozzle converts water into ‘dry’
microscopic particles, which are then drawn into the fire
and simultaneously cool and suffocate it to extinguish the
flames.

They are also effective for fire-fighting because they form a safety barrier
between the user and the fire – which repels some of the heat – and do not leave
hard-to-clean residue behind.
2. Powder Extinguishers

There are three types of powder extinguisher: ABC

powder, M28 powder, and L2 powder.

ABC powder extinguisher

These types of extinguishers will say ‘powder’ in

white text over a blue rectangle, and underneath the
rectangle will be written ‘ABC powder’.

As their name suggests, these are designed to

combat class A, B, and C fires – those involving solids, liquids, and gases. The
powder acts as a thermal blast that cools the flames so burning cannot continue.
Due to their non-conductive nature, they are also suitable for fighting
electrical fires. However, they do not effectively penetrate the spaces in
equipment easily, so the fire could still re-ignite.

3. Foam Extinguishers

Foam extinguishers are identifiable by the word ‘foam’

printed within a cream rectangle on their bodies. They are
primarily water based but contain a foaming agent, which
has rapid flame knock-down and a blanketing effect. It
smothers the flames and seals vapours so that re-ignition
cannot occur.

They are suitable for fighting class A and B fires.

When used against class A fires, the user can simply point and spray. However,
when used against class B fires – those with flammable liquids – they should not
be sprayed directly into the liquid. This could cause the fire to be pushed and
spread to surrounding areas. The best method of application is to spray the foam
nearby so that it can build up and flow across it.
4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extinguishers

These types of extinguishers can be identified by the text

‘carbon dioxide’ or ‘CO2‘ printed in white on a black
rectangle. They also have a distinct type of hose.

Carbon dioxide extinguishers are used for combating

class B and electrical fires – they suffocate the fire by
displacing oxygen in the air. Because they do not leave
any substances behind and so minimise damage done to
equipment, unlike other extinguishers, they are
particularly useful for offices and workshops where
electrical fires may occur.

5. Wet Chemical Extinguishers

These types of fire extinguishers are identifiable by the

words ‘wet chemical’ printed across a yellow rectangle. It
also has an extended hose that you can hold and point,
which is useful when fighting fires on a kitchen top.

Wet chemical extinguishers are designed for combating

fires that involve class F fires. They are effective
because they are capable of stopping fires that are of an
extremely high temperature, particularly cooking oils and
fats. They also discharge gently, stopping the burning oils
and fats from being pushed and splashing to surrounding
areas or even the user.
Different Classes of Fires
 Class A – Fires that involve solid flammables and dusts, such as wood,
plastics, paper and cardboard, fabric and textiles, and dusts such as grain
dust and flour.
 Class B – Fires that involve flammable liquids, such as gasoline,
petroleum oil, paint, or diesel.
 Class C – Fires that involve flammable gases, such as propane, butane, or
methane.
 Class D – Fires that involve combustible metals including metal swarf,
such as magnesium, lithium, sodium, potassium, titanium, or aluminium.
 Electrical fires. Although it is not recognised as a separate class of fire in
Europe, electrical fires that involve live equipment and electrical sources
are also a type you should bear in mind. Think of it as an informal Class E.
 Class F – Fires that involve hot cooking oils and fats, such as vegetable
oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, maize oil, lard, or butter (typically those used for
deep-fat fryers).

Each type of fire extinguisher contains different materials that make

them suitable for fighting certain types of fires, and is designed to
safely and effectively discharge its contents. The correct one must be
used for the right class of fire, otherwise they may prove ineffective
or in fact worsen the situation.
 FIRE
ALAR
M
SYST
FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
EMS
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY

1. Assembly
2. Educational
3. Health Care
4. Detention and Correctional
5. Residential
6. Mercantile
7. Business
8. Industrial
9. Storage
10. Mixed Occupancies
11. Miscellaneous

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS FIRE DETECTION

1. Spark/Ember Detectors - Ember Detectors are designed to detect ember with faster
response and reliability. Specially designed to protect moving objects like coal. Well suited
for coal conveyor protection
2. Flame Detectors - is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or
fire, allowing flame detection. Responses to a detected flame depend on the installation, but
can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line (such as a propane or a natural gas
line), and activating a fire suppression system.
3. Combination
4. Radiant Energy (UV & IR) – used for long distances and accurate sensing of flames using
the fire’s ultraviolet and infrared properties IR & UV – thermal imaging camera
5. Smoke Detectors (Ionization & Photoelectric) FOR IONIZATION - Ionization-type smoke
alarms have a small amount of radioactive material between two electrically charged plates,
which ionizes the air and causes current to flow between the plates. When smoke enters the
chamber, it disrupts the flow of ions, thus reducing the flow of current and activating the
alarm.
6. Heat Detectors (Fixed Temperature & Rate-of- Rise) - is a fire alarm device designed to
respond when the convected thermal energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat
sensitive element.
 FIRE
FIRE SUPPRESSION TYPES
1. Wet pipe systems - They are comprised of pipes that constantly contain pressurized water.

SUPR
When an individual sprinkler in the system is activated by heat from fire, the automatic,
closed-type sprinkler head immediately discharges water onto the fire. 
2. Dry pipe systems - A dry pipe sprinkler system is one in which pipes are filled with
pressurized air or nitrogen, rather than water. This air holds a remote valve, known as a dry
ESSI
pipe valve, in a closed position. 
3. Pre-action systems - Pre-action fire sprinkler systems employ the basic concept of a dry pipe
system in that water is not normally contained within the pipes. The difference, however, is

ON
that water is held from piping by an electrically operated valve, known as a pre-action valve.
Valve operation is controlled by independent flame, heat, or smoke detection.
4. Deluge System -are used in places that are considered high hazard areas such as power
plants, aircraft hangars and chemical storage or processing facilities, this delivers large
quantities of water, discharges water from all heads immediately.
5. Foam water sprinkler systems - A foam water fire sprinkler system is a special application
system, discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrate, resulting in a
foam spray from the sprinkler.
6. Water spray - are operationally identical to a deluge system, but the piping and discharge
nozzle spray patterns are designed to protect a uniquely configured hazard, usually being
three-dimensional components or equipment. Examples of hazards protected by water spray
systems are electrical transformers containing oil for cooling or turbo-generator bearings.
7. Water mist systems -Water mist systems are used for special applications in which it is
decided that creating a heat absorbent vapor is the primary objective. This type of system is
typically used where water damage may be a concern, or where water supplies are limited. •
droplet size of less than 1000 microns at the minimum operation pressure of the discharge
nozzle.

FIRE SUPPRESSION FIRE PUMPS - is a part of a fire sprinkler system's water supply and
powered by electric, diesel or steam. The pump intake is either connected to the public
underground water supply piping, or a static water source (e.g., tank, reservoir, lake). 

FIRE PUMPS should have its own electric generator, if it is connected to the main generator
of the building, it must have a Automatic Transfer Switch to have a continuous and un
interrupted supply of water. 

FIRE SUPPRESSION WATER SUPPLY

Standpipe System - are a series of pipe which connect a water supply to hose connections,
basically an extension of the fire hydrant system. They are designed to provide a pre-piped
water system for building occupants or the fire department.

Class I – intended for fire department use

Class II – Intended for trained occupants
Class III – provided with 2.5 inch and 1.5 inch connections