Trigonometric identities and equations 10C

1 1
1 a As sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ≡ 1
1 i sin 4 θ + 2sin 2 θ cos 2 + cos 4 θ
( sin θ + cos 2 θ )
2
2 2 = 2

1 1
So 1 − cos 2 θ =sin 2 θ = 12
2 2
=1
b As sin 3θ + cos 3θ ≡ 1
2 2

So: 2 Given 2sin θ = 3cos θ

5sin 3θ + 5cos 3θ = 5 ( sin 3θ + cos 3θ )
2 2 2 2
So
sin θ 3
=
cos θ 2
=5 (divide both side by 2 cos θ )
3
c As sin 2 A + cos 2 A ≡ 1 So tan θ =
2
So sin 2 A − 1 ≡ − cos 2 A
3 As sin x cos y = 3cos x sin y
sin θ sin θ
d = sin x cos y cos x sin y
tan θ sin θ So =3
cos θ cos x cos y cos x cos y
cos θ So tan x = 3 tan y
= sin θ ×
sin θ
= cos θ 4 a As sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ≡ 1
So cos 2 θ ≡ 1 − sin 2 θ
1 − cos 2 x sin 2 x
e =
cos x cos x sin 2 θ sin 2 θ
b tan 2 θ ≡ ≡
=
sin x cos 2 θ 1 − sin 2 θ
cos x
= tan x sin θ
c cos θ tan θ = cos θ ×
cos θ
1 − cos 2 3 A sin 2 3 A = sin θ
f =
1 − sin 2 3 A cos 2 3 A
cos θ cos θ
sin 3 A =
d
= tan θ sin θ
cos 3 A cos θ
= tan 3 A cos θ
= cos θ ×
sin θ
(1 + sin x ) + (1 − sin x ) + 2 cos 2 x
2 2
g cos θ
2
=
= 1 + 2sin x + sin 2 x + 1 − 2sin x sin θ
+ sin 2 x + 2 cos 2 x cos θ 1 − sin 2 θ 1
=
So or − sin θ
=
2 + 2sin 2 x + 2 cos 2 x tan θ sin θ sin θ

2 + 2 ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x )
= e ( cos θ − sin θ )( cos θ + sin θ )
= 2+2 = cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ
=4
(1 − sin 2 θ ) − sin 2 θ
=
h sin 4 θ + sin 2 θ cos 2 θ = 1 − 2sin 2 θ
= sin 2 θ ( sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ )
= sin 2 θ

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 = ( sin θ + cos θ ) 2 − ( sin θ − cos θ )
LHS =
2 2
5 a LHS 5 f
sin 2 θ + 2sin θ cos θ + cos 2 θ
= 2 − ( sin 2 θ − 2sin θ cos θ + cos 2 θ )
=
= ( sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ) + 2sin θ cos θ = 2 − (1 − 2sin θ cos θ )
= 1 + 2sin θ cos θ = 1 + 2sin θ cos θ
= RHS = sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + 2sin θ cos θ
= ( sin θ + cos θ )
2
1
=
b LHS − cos θ
cos θ = RHS
1 − cos 2 θ
= =
g LHS sin 2 x cos 2 y − cos 2 x sin 2 y
cos θ
sin 2 θ = sin 2 x (1 − sin 2 y )
=
cos θ − (1 − sin 2 x ) sin 2 y
sin θ
= sin θ × = sin 2 x − sin 2 x sin 2 y
cos θ
= sin θ tan θ − sin 2 y + sin 2 x sin 2 y
= RHS = sin 2 x − sin 2 y
= RHS
1
= tan x +
c LHS
tan x 6 a
sin x cos x
= +
cos x sin x
sin 2 x + cos 2 x
=
sin x cos x
1
=
sin x cos x
= RHS
Using Pythagoras' theorem:
= cos 2 A − sin 2 A
d LHS x 2 = 122 + 52 = 169
≡ cos 2 A − (1 − cos 2 A ) x = 13
≡ cos 2 A − 1 + cos 2 A So sin θ =
=
5
and cos θ
12
≡ 2 cos 2 A − 1 13 13

≡ 2 (1 − sin 2 A ) − 1 b
≡ 2 − 2sin 2 A − 1
≡ 1 − 2sin 2 A

e LHS = (2sin θ − cos θ ) 2 + (sin θ + 2 cos θ ) 2

≡ 4sin 2 θ − 4sin θ cos θ + cos 2 θ
+ sin 2 θ + 4sin θ cos θ + 4 cos 2 θ
≡ 5sin 2 θ + 5cos 2 θ Using Pythagoras' theorem, x = 4
≡ 5 ( sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ) So sin φ = and tan φ = − 43
4
5

≡5
≡ RHS

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6 b 7 Consider the angle φ where sin φ = 23 .

Using Pythagoras' theorem, x = 5

5
As θ is obtuse: a So cos φ =
3
=
sin θ sin
= φ 4
5

and
tan θ =
− tan φ =
− 43

5
As θ is obtuse, cos θ =
− cos φ =
−
3

Using Pythagoras’ theorem b From the triangle

x2 + 72 =252 2
tan φ =
=
x 2 252 − 7 2 5
= 576 2 5
=
x = 24 5
So cos φ 24
= = and tan φ 7 Using the quadrant diagram
tan θ = − tan φ
25 24

2 5
= −
5

8 Draw a right-angled triangle with

tan φ = + 3
3
=
1

As θ is in the fourth quadrant

cos θ = + cos φ
= 24
25

and tan θ = − tan φ Using Pythagoras’ theorem

( 3)
2
= − 247 x=
2
+=
12 4
So x = 2

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 3 9 a sin θ = − sin φ
8 a sin φ =
2 7
= −
4
b tan θ = − tan φ
7
= −
3

10 a As sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ≡ 1
x2 + y 2 =1

As θ is reflex and tan φ is –ve, φ is in the y

b sin θ x=
= and cos θ
fourth quadrant. 2
So sin θ = − sin φ So, using sin θ + cos 2 θ ≡ 1
2

2
− 3  y
= x +  =
2
1
2 2
y2
b cos φ = 12 or x 2 + =1
4
=As cos θ cos
= φ , cos θ 1
2 or 4 x 2 + y 2 = 4

9 Draw a right-angled triangle with

c As sin θ = x
cos φ = 34 .
sin 2 θ = x 2
Using sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ≡ 1
x2 + y =
1

sin θ
d As tan θ =
cos θ
sin θ
Using Pythagoras’ theorem cos θ =
tan θ
x 2 + 32 =
42 x
So cos θ =
x=
2
42 − 32 y
=7 Using sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ≡ 1
x= 7 x2
x +=
2
1 or x 2 y 2 =
+ x2 y 2
7 7 y 2
So sinφ =
= and tan φ
4 3
e sin θ + cos θ = x
− sin θ + cos θ = y
Adding the two equations:
2 cos θ= x + y
x+ y
So cos θ =
2
Subtracting the two equations:
2sin θ= x − y
x− y
So sin θ =
As θ is reflex and cos θ is +ve, θ is in 2
the fourth quadrant.
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10 e Using sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ≡ 1 12 a Using the sine rule
sin Q sin P
 x− y  x+ y
2 2
=
  +  = 1 q p
 2   2 
sin Q sin 30°
x 2 − 2 xy + y 2 + x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 =
4 =
8 6
2x2 + 2 y 2 =
4 8sin 30°
sin Q =
x2 + y 2 =
2 6
8 × 12
11 a Using the cosine rule =
6
a 2 + c2 − b2
cos B = =
2
2ac 3
8 + 122 − 102
2
cos B =
2 × 8 ×12 b Since sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
64 + 144 − 100 ( 23 ) + cos2 Q = 1
2
cos B =
192 cos2 Q = 1− 94
cos B = 192
108
= 95
cos B = 169
Since Q is obtuse Q is in the second
quadrant where cosine is negative.
b Since sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
5
sin2 B + ( 169 ) = 1 So cos Q = −
2
3
sin2 B = 1− 256
81

= 175
256

175
So sin B =
256
5 7
=
16

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