Chemical processes are commonly used in wastewater treatment and involve adding chemicals or oxidation reactions to remove or convert contaminants. Key chemical processes include coagulation/flocculation using coagulants to combine particles, precipitation to convert dissolved metals into solid particles using reagents, and neutralization to adjust the pH of water. Oxidation uses oxidizing agents like chlorine or oxygen to structurally modify pollutants into less destructive compounds. These chemical processes provide advantages like better effluent quality and metal recovery from solutions.
Chemical processes are commonly used in wastewater treatment and involve adding chemicals or oxidation reactions to remove or convert contaminants. Key chemical processes include coagulation/flocculation using coagulants to combine particles, precipitation to convert dissolved metals into solid particles using reagents, and neutralization to adjust the pH of water. Oxidation uses oxidizing agents like chlorine or oxygen to structurally modify pollutants into less destructive compounds. These chemical processes provide advantages like better effluent quality and metal recovery from solutions.
Chemical processes are commonly used in wastewater treatment and involve adding chemicals or oxidation reactions to remove or convert contaminants. Key chemical processes include coagulation/flocculation using coagulants to combine particles, precipitation to convert dissolved metals into solid particles using reagents, and neutralization to adjust the pH of water. Oxidation uses oxidizing agents like chlorine or oxygen to structurally modify pollutants into less destructive compounds. These chemical processes provide advantages like better effluent quality and metal recovery from solutions.
Chemical processes are commonly used in wastewater treatment and involve adding chemicals or oxidation reactions to remove or convert contaminants. Key chemical processes include coagulation/flocculation using coagulants to combine particles, precipitation to convert dissolved metals into solid particles using reagents, and neutralization to adjust the pH of water. Oxidation uses oxidizing agents like chlorine or oxygen to structurally modify pollutants into less destructive compounds. These chemical processes provide advantages like better effluent quality and metal recovery from solutions.
PROCESSES CHEMICAL PROCESS CHEMICAL PROCESS • Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or by other chemical reactions. • Precipitation, adsorption, and disinfection are the most common examples used in wastewater treatment. • Basically the treatment includes: - Coagulation - Precipitation - Disinfection - Oxidation - Neutralization, scale control . COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION PRINCIPLE OF COAGULATION • In coagulation, individual particles combine together. • When a coagulant is used in water, it forms a spongy gelatinous precipitate which absorbs fine size particles in water and binds them together. • The whole process results into bigger particles which are heavier and easily settle able. PROPERTIES OF COMMON COAGULANTS • React quickly • Cheap • Easy to handle and store • React in longer range of pH • Electrolyte ( positively charged) • High valance ions for high efficiency •Not detoriate Precipitation • It is used for removing dissolved metals from waste water solution containing toxic materials. • To convert this dissolved metal into solid particles, a precipitation reagent is added. A chemical reaction occurs where dissolved metals form solid particles. • Filtration can be used to remove the particles from the mixtures. How well the process takes place depends on the types of metal present, its concentration, and reagent used. EXAMPLE • In hydroxide precipitation, calcium or sodium hydroxide is used as a reagent to create solid metal hydroxides. • But the main difficulty being the mixture of metals in waste water making it difficult to precipitate. NEUTRALIZATION • If a waste stream is found to be hazardous due to corrosivity, neutralization is the primary treatment used. • It is used as a pretreatment system before a variety of biological, chemical, and physical treatment processes. • It is the process of adjusting the pH of water through the addition of an acid or a base, depending on the target pH and process requirements. • Some processes such as boiler operations and drinking water standards need neutral water at a pH of 7. • Water or wastewater is generally considered adequately neutralized if: (1) its damage to metals, concrete, or other materials is minimal; (2) it has little effect on fish and aquatic life; (3) it has no effect on biological matter (i.e., biological treatment systems).
PARAMETERS WHICH AFFECT NEUTRALIZATION:
• pH • alkalinity/acidity • Hardness • Buffers OXIDATION • It is a waste water treatment which involves the use of oxidizing agents such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, permanganate, chloride, chlorine, oxygen etc. • The electrons move from the oxidant to the pollutants in waste water. They undergo structural modification becoming less destructive compounds. • Alkaline chlorination uses chlorine as oxidizing agent against cyanide. But it can lead to production of toxic chlorinated compounds hence require further steps. APPLICATION • Reduce concentration of the residual organics • Controls odors • Remove ammonia • Reduce microbial content ADVANTAGES OF CHEMICAL PROCESS • AdvantagesIt can lead to better quality effluent. • Metals can be recovered from the solution. • It only requires a low level of electrical current. • Electrodes are impermanent. • Many different faconlytors can affect results. • Active fine-tuning is required.
