Test 8

I. Listening 8.1
You hear an instructor talking about a new teaching methodology called a flipped
classroom. For questions 1 – 8, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
1. The speaker says the...........education board.................... support for his idea wag rather weak.
2. His new teaching methodology reflected.........articles............... that other professors had
published.
3. The speaker believe’s it needed...............2 years/statistical data............... to convince those in
power of the efficacy of the methodology.
4. Problem schools are described by the speaker as having extremely high .........failure
rates...............
5. It was a.................mathematics instructor.................. who went on to create a school which
employed the use of recorded lectures.
6. In a traditional classroom, the.......information transmission..................occurs during the in-
class lesson.
7. The speaker says he spends just a little time on the..........updating of...................information
nowadays.
8. The speaker thinks one drawback could be some students' lack of.....self-discipline..................
regarding watching the videos.
II. Lexico-Grammar
A Choose the best answers.
1. The essay draws a(n)............ contrast between life before and after the industrial revolution.
a severe b edgy c bitter d sharp
2 Don't forget to............... your sources; you don't want to get accused of stealing information.
a quote b cite c name d refer
3 You could spend a whole day exploring Paris and it would still be a............in the ocean for
what the city has to offer.
a dip b drip c drop d drag
4. Josie spent 14 months ................all the information for her dissertation.
a commending b conducting c compiling d condoning
5. I enjoy my physics course because my professor is so...............to questions.
a retentive b respective c receptive d repetitive
6. People who don't ever want to travel anywhere could be accused of being................
a cold-hearted b quick-witted c sharp-tongued d narrow-minded
7 She had never considered going to Thailand before; she travelled there on a.............
a whim b wham c whine d while
8 The list of the sources for the information in this book is contained in the book's..........
a periodical b acknowledgements c appendix d bibliography
9. The man the police were looking for ................ off in the other direction.
a tailed b headed c backed d tracked
10. The tourist centre has had a recent..............of visitors from Russia.
a invasion b influx c infiltration d incursion
11.I'm upset; the courses I took two years ago aren't going to................towards my degree.
a amount b number c count d measure
12.Crimes such as robberies and muggings were completely...............of in that area.
a disregarded b unheard c overlooked d misunderstood
13.Travelling to Norway and experiencing the Northern Lights first hand was always at the very
top of Mary's.............. list.
a luggage b lag c basket d bucket
14. I can't understand why this experiment failed; it's..................
a inhospitable b unintelligible c inexplicable d unremarkable
15. Larry was an experienced gardener, but some aspects of botany went beyond the..................
of his expertise.
a scope b sphere c span d spectrum
16. This machinery is complex and rather demanding; it'll take you some time to learn
the......................
a lines b cords c ropes d cables
17. I never would have thought the board would come...........to your idea — how did you
convince them?
a into b by c round d over
18. The management team had lots to say about your proposal, but............... a nutshell, you've
got the job.
a at b on c in d to
19. Copy someone's work, online or otherwise, and your........... can and should be exposed!
a methodology b plagiarism c hypothesis d discipline
20. I don't want to go on some boring guided tour; let's do something adventurous and go off the
beaten.........
a lane b track c route d trail

21. John’s hard-working when supervised; left to his own _______ , he becomes lazy.
a. means b. instruments c. tools d. devices
22. They sped up the production process at the _________ of quality.
a. cost b. liability c. expense d. payment
23. Sharon asked her former boss to provide her with a ______ to give to potential employers.
a. suggestion b. testimonial c. reference d. memorandum
24. I doubt anymore will lose their job from the merger, but I can’t ______ it out.
a. rule b. point c. drive d. hear
25. the voting registration campaign was meant to _______ young people to register.
a. entice b. trigger c. induce d. convert
26. I’m so depressed – I got served a(n) _______ notice today and have two weeks to find a new place.
a. repossession b. dismissal c. foreclosure d. eviction
27. I’ve been working so much lately that I’m in serious need of some _______ .
a. overtime b. part-time c. downtime d. full-time
28. I’m not trying to ______ you with too much work, but these 16 files need reviewing by Wednesday.
a. harness b. saddle c. strap d. buckle
29. Sceptical of his colleague’s motives, there was a certain ________ of cynicism in Mark’s voice.
a. grade b. mark c. degree d. unit
30. Kevin won’t be back until next week – he’s still on stick ______ .
a. exit b. depature c. leave d. consent
31. Can you give Nathan a hand? He’s fallen ______ on his project.
a. Through b. back c. apart d. behind
32. Advertising campaigns with negative messages, like it or not, have the ability to _______ an election.
a. wave b. sway c. rock d. bend
33. Robbie breathed a sigh of relief, as he was spared being given his marching ________ at his firm.
a. Commands b. instructions c. papers d. orders
34. Ms Leighton is away on a business trip, so I’ll be conducting the meeting in her _________.
 a. presence b. absence c. essence d. existence
35. The laws of Spain don’t apply in Portugal, as Portugal is a _______ nation.
a. liberated b. sovereign c. neutral d. dependent
36. The company gives you a week’s worth of training; after that, you have to _______ for yourself.
a. fend b. stand c. cope d. hold
37. Television advertisements are the most effective way to improve market ________ .
a. bit b. piece c. share d. part
38. The economic recovery has lost some ________ , as can be learnt from negative jobs reports.
a. momentum b. drive c. thrust d. motion
39. His last work of art was superb, but I’m afraid his most recent piece is just _______ .
a. Generic b. mediocre c. obligatory d. superficial
40. She hasn’t given her support yet, but don’t worry – I can talk her ______ it.
a. Into b. out of c. over d. Through
B. Read the text below and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best fits each gap.
The fulfilling gap year
Gap years are quite common in many parts of the world and most young people, upon leaving high school, feel
(1) ________ to one. It’s plain to see how the idea would be (2) _________; taking a year off from studies to
travel the world and consider your future sounds like bliss. Adverts for gap years contain (3) ________ that read
‘The best year of my life’ and ‘Total adventure, Totally rewarding ’, and offer the newly (4) _______ student the
opportunity to learn more about themselves while learning about the world.
Of course, a gap year shouldn’t be (5) ________ as just a time party, and as attractive as it may sound, one must
no get (6) _______ in by that notion. One way to make the most of this time is to get involved in some inspiring
voluntary work abroad. There is more than (7)_______ of truth in the idea that immersion in a new culture will
teach you more about yourself than any classroom ever would. It will allow you to reach a level of emotional (8)
________ that will stay with you for a lifetime.
1. a. permitted b. entitled c. designated d. allowed
2. a. teasing b. touting c. tempting d. taunting
3. a. captions b. billboards c. jingles d. editions
4. a. emancipated b. liberated c.independent d. sovereign
5. a. dismissed b. denied c. denounced d. dissuaded
6. a. pulled b. sucked c. forced d. swept
7. a. mark b. grade c. degree d. notch
8. a. wisdom b. ripeness c. adulthood d. Maturity
C Read the text below and decide which answer ( a, b,c or d) best fits each gap.
Postgraduate students occasionally write (1)............on rather bizarre topics. Some might seem
(2)....................ridiculous to the casual onlooker and it's anyone's guess as to the researcher's
(3)............. behind exploring such a topic. One studies jumping height differences between cat
fleas and dog fleas, another (4)............... that mosquitoes may be more attracted to Limburger
cheese than humans are and a third gives a(n) (5)............. of the dangers of sword swallowing. In
terms of the study of life, mankind leaves no stone unturned.

A perhaps more useful but still unusual subject was published by a researcher at University
College London. An authority (6)...............neuroscience, Eleanor Maguire studied the brains of
London's black cab drivers, Having to memorise routes along more than 25,000 streets, a cabbie
of the British capital has anything (7)......... a poor memory. Maguire learned that these
(8).......drivers have larger posterior hippocampi- the part of the brain responsible for spatial
memory. This serves as proof that a brain is like a muscle and it's imperative that we flex it.
1. a agendas b syllabuses c dissertations d assignments
2. a barely b utterly c slightly d reasonably
3. a motive b apparatus c scope d thesis
 4. a reasons b rationalises c surmises d hypothesises
5. a analysis b review c argument d acknowledgement
6. a with b to c in d on
7. a of b but c for d not
8. a assiduous b invasive c intelligible d inexplicable
D Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold.
1. Nancy moulded the clay into a............................. shape
2. I was wondering if you had any.............................into the resolution of this dilemma,
3. Clara is a rather..........................child for her age.
4. Michael asked the astronomer if he had seen any space............... through his telescope.
5. The head of the board was the person with the..................vote in all matters.
6. Although they say there is a border, the universe seems as if it goes on...............
7. If you see an owl in a forest, it is believed to be an.................. sign.
8. The book is rich with data, all of which is referenced in the three...................
1.SPHERE 2.SIGHT 3.INQUIRE 4.ODD 5. DECIDE
6.FINITE 7.OMEN 8.APPENDIX
E Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in
each gap.
Teaching abroad
Many native English speakers use their knowledge of the language to head (1)..............to foreign
lands and teach. Few can do this on a (2)................, of course, for it takes planning as well as
teacher training. To be successful at teaching a language, it's (3)...................enough to just be
fluent. Students insist (4).....................detailed explanations of grammatical structures but, the
truth is, most native speakers can't readily explain (5)............................a mixed conditional is
formed, let alone its meaning. But with an intensive course in lesson planning, applied
linguistics and a thirst for knowledge, the savvy ones catch (6)...................quickly. Asked
(7)..................or not the journey lived up to their expectations, practically(8)....................teacher
would say it went according to plan; while rewarding, both teaching and being immersed in a
new culture can be a challenge to one's soul.
III. Reading
1. Read the passage and fill in the missing space with suitable paragraph.
Cave exploration has been a lifelong obsession for me. I was lucky enough to have grown up
about half a kilometre from a cave as a chid as well as to have a cave enthusiast as a father. He
ard I travelled to that cave several times a year, weather pemitting, and each and every time we
visited, we found something new that kept us wanting to come back again and again. 1-
On next trip, we decided to gather together some tools: a small hammer, a chisel and a cordless
hand-held drill, to see if we could chip enough of the sides away to squeeze through. It wouldn't
take much; the material around the hole had worn away, probably from the elements. After
about an hour, the space was big enough for me to fit though and I was all set to go, except my
dad insisted he go first, for safety reasons, of course. 2-
If I may add here, this is the sort of moment that has compelled me to make potholing an
integral part of my life. I’ve had many such moments like this in my exploratory quests, such as
the moment I doscoverd a cavernous lake which, upon further inspection after my fellow
potholer and I returned with diving equipment, led to another, previously unexplored and water-
accessible-on!y section. 3-
I wouldn't classify myself as a professional or anything, that kind of recognition makes you
proud of what you do, even if it's more or less a hobby. But going beck to that moment with my
dad. It’s a moment-probably the first such “Wow” moment I had in my life, aside from
unwrapping a birthday present — that I carry with me single time I venture into a cave, be it one
already explored or a new one in some far-off. 4-
We explored the new area for what seemed like an eternity, perhaps because I never wanted it to
end. There is a mix of excitement and trepidation upon discovering a new area like this because,
even though I knew cave monsters didn’t exist, you always have this vague thought in the back
of yout mind some strange Neolithic mammal with razor-sharp teeth and a voracious appetite is
going to lunge at you. 5-
On top of that. we were in a strange sort of crevasse, making it difficult to manoecuvre, I could
sense that my fellow potholer was searching for the switch on his lamp ard then I heard a noise
that made me think. : ‘Oops, there goes a pick'. You're totally helpless at this point – no mobile
signal, no way to even reach a mobile, no light, although I knew Mike would find his. You
can’t even for help because no one would hear you or something unpleasant would instead. 6-
For this and many other reasons potholing is like exploring a new universe just on the other side
of our physical plane of existence. It's underneath the surface of the Earth ant it contains
wonders not found anywhere above ground, each of which is otherwordly and speactacular. And
as I’ve said, you never know what you're going to find, and there is no shortage of gasps of
amazement no matter many times you explore one. 7-
We've caves in North America quite frequently, where there is a lifetime of cave exploration to
draw and through potholing connections we've managed to explore many which are off the
beaten track. I'm truly lucky to have experienced this unique pleasure throughout my life. A
quote from American writer Joseph Campbell often gets stuck in my head: ‘The cave you fear to
enter holds the treasure you seek’. I know he's speaking figuratively, but I’m quite happy to
follow it in the literal sense as well.
You are going to read a story about cave exploration. Seven paragraph have removed
from the story. Choose from the paragraphs A - H the one which fits each gap (1 — 7).
There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
A Or the time when that same colleague and I found prehistoric cave drawings in a section. We
were featured in a potholing journal after that — we actually made the front cover: a photo of
myself and my colleague, and behind us were etchings of horses and some kind of prehistoric
that you’d see on any farm any rnore.

B Again, I don't believe in mad cave dwellers, but at such moments, logic can escape you. You
have to tell yourself to calm down. Even laugh a little at your predicament. And just like that —
‘click’-Mike finds his light switch and all is back to normal — a "Phew!' mornent. of which all
us potholers have had just as many as 'Wow!' and 'Whoa!' moments.
C For instance, once I stumbled upon a small opening that I hadn’t seen before. It was no
bigger than the width of my glove and there was no way I'd able to fit through it. I told my dad
to shine his torch at it and, to our shock, there was another section of the cavernn on the other
side, I could feel a gentle breeze and I would later learn the potholers saying “if it blows, it
goes': this was worth exploring.
D With just a few more taps of the hammner, it was finally wide enough for my dad to squeeze
though. It was a rather thrilling moment and I felt we were like explorers of the new world,
looking to see what treasures it had to offer. Once he was through, I passed the torch to Dad and
I then heard a long 'Whoa!' that stirred up butterffes in my stomach.
E I still go potholing with my dad, even after all these years. Although we've more or less
retired from our local cave –which, incidentally, has since been transformed into a tourist
attraction due to our discoveries — we've crossed borders and explored some of the most
impressive caves in the world.
F Other such fears are fed by the feeling that you can become trapped in a tight space or that
you"ll suffer from equipment failure and be left without vision. I remember a time once when I
was potholing with my colleague and the torch on my helmet blew out. He hadn’t turned on his
helmet torch and we were far down enough that no light from the entrance could reach us. I
couldn’t even see my hand in front of my face.
G And of course, I sometimes feel like up the helmet torch just for an easy life. There’s nothing
wrong with going on an organised tour every one in a while, one that indudes a visit to a cavern
snack bar or features a cable car that takes you back to top. Besides, were it not for those tours,
most people might not even step foot in a cave in their entire lives, which would make me a little
sad.
H At that moment, I wasnaturally anxious to see what he was gazing at, so I crawled through
myself. The cavern was probably three times as big as the one we had already explored before.
The smells were fresh and indicative of plant life. I wondered in passing if we were to discover a
new species of fern a rare type of moss.
2/ read and choose the best answer.
You are going to read an article about the phenomenon of childstars. For questions 1 — 6.
choose the answer (a. b. c or d). which you think fits best according to the text.
Too young to be famous?
The machine that is celebrity culture has given us the meteoric rise and fall of the child actor,
with plenty of cautionary tales to point to and ask if something should have been done to prevent
them. Recently, the Chinese government took the extreme and unprecedented measure of
banning the children of celebrities from appearing in any type of reality W programming, in an
effort to prevent the manufacturing of child stars. It would appear that perhaps limiting the
exposure a child has to fame serves to protect and ensure a solid, stable upbringing.
The pressure of fame is undoubtedly onerous even for adults, who, despite growing up out of the
spotlight, sometimes buckle under the stress of stardom they achieved later in life and exhibit all
manner of behavioural disorders after their stardom has waned. The same can be said of child
actors but the effect is seemingly multiplied by the fact that, if achieving stardom as children,
their view of reality is possibly warped and they may never even have the chance to acquire the
necessary coping skills. But given that some child actors - in fact, most can make ago of their
careers into adulthood, are children really so incapable of handling such pressure or is there
actually no problem at all?
Banning children from acting has an element of common sense to it, but imagine, if you will,
television programmes, films and so forth absent of children. As this sort of media is supposed
to reflect real life, it would seem surreal if there were no children in these stories, as if children
had ceased to exist altogether. While the Chinese government's move to limit the exposure of
children may seem well intentioned, at least on the surfacej it is not entirely realistic to say that
children are not allowed to appear on the small or big screen, of course, they are applying it to
one particular media- that of reality TV; nonetheless, is such a ban sensible for any type of
media?
Upon closer examination of the phenomenon of the child star, we see examples both of success
and failure. How many of each do we have? Is there a disproportionately high amount of failure
in the lives of child actors if we look at the statistics and compare their problems with those of
ordinary people? We see a child star fail and we immediately blame fame, but what about the
success stories of other child actors such as Jodie Foster, Daniel Radcliffe and Leonardo
DiCaprio, all of whom got their start as very young children? Are we to credit fame for their
success in the same way we blame it for others' failures?
In the case of the latter, these are the stars we know about, as they went on to achieve long-
lasting fame, even top acting awards. Child stars are not always destined to eternally seek the
limelight, however, so there are many cases of success stories that people often don't know
about. Peter Ostrum, who played Charlie Bucket in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, went
on to pursue a doctorate in veterinary medicine. Shirley Temple, leading box-office star in the
1930s from the age of seven, became a politician and the first female US ambassador. Polish
child stars and identical twin brothers Lech and Jarosiaw Kaczynski gave up acting and were
respectively elected as president and prime minister of Poland, positions they held at the same
time.
Invariably, though, itts the catastrophic demise that we hear about, not just of child actors, of
course, but when it does happen to them, we feel a mixture of sorrow and disbelief. To date,
there is little statistical evidence to support the claim that fame and celebrity culture ruin the
lives of child actors; the only proof we have is what we perceive to be true, protections are in
place, to an extent, to help ensure that children have as normal an upbringing as possible,
California, for example, has enacted laws which mandate that children must continue with their
educational studies exactly as they would if they weren't in films, even going so far as to require
teachers on set if need be. In this vein, ensuring support for child actors may need to go further
than the broad restrictions exercised by China.
1. What can be said about the measure taken by the Chinese as regards child stars?
a It is a view fully endorsed by the author.
b It will prevent the phenomenon of child stars.
c It will prohibit children from acting in films,
d it's something they've never done before.
2 In the second paragraph, the author implies that children
a are better equipped to handle fame than adults.
b never learn coping skills when they are famous young.
c may or may not suffer harmful effects of fame.
d are destined to be abnormal adults if they are famous young,
3. How does the author view the government ban in the third paragraph?
a He is not certain it was born Of good intentions.
b He agrees with the implementation of the ban.
c He thinks it is useless in the case of reality TV.
d He believes the intention is to control the media.
4. In the fourth paragraph, the author suggests that
a fame is to blame for the problems Of child Stars.
b fame is unlikely to have a role in the failure of a star.
c the fame of some stars shows it has no harmful effect.
d the failure of certain stars means that farne is harmful.
5. The author presents the examples in the fifth paragraph to demonstrate that
a child actors are capable of achieving anything they want.
b fame can repel some from a long acting career.
c a more exhaustive study of the subjecti$ necessary to evaluate it.
d success can open the door to other positions in life,
6. The author concludes by saying that
A nothing can protect a child from the dangers of fame.
B taking measures to help children cope with fame is worth considering.
C our belief in the dangers of fame is greater than the reality.
D children should be educated in how to deal with fame.