Subject Name: Energy, Environment, Ecology & Society

Subject Code: ES-3001

Semester: 1st / 2nd
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Energy, Environment, Ecology & Society – Notes

Subject name-: EEES Subject code ES-3001

Unit –V Society, Ethics & Human values

Introduction
The activities of human are continuously laid low with our values. Though the environmental crisis has
been led to by the activities of human it is in fact a crisis of values. It’s regarding the concept of realizing
the values of the surroundings and accepting it. Humans produce cultural values supported nature (i.e.
natural values). However, people used to believe that solely humans had values whereas the atmosphere
didn't. We recognized solely cultural values, however not environmental values. Moreover, we often
realized cultural values by damaging environmental values. Those behaviors have caused the loss of
environmental values and harm to the natural basis on that humans produce cultural values that has light
- emitting diode to the matter of non-sustainability. It is under such circumstances that the problem of
environmental values has arisen.

Human values for environment

Environmental ethics is that the philosophical discipline that considers the ethical and moral relationship
of folks to the surroundings. Environmental ethics helps outline man's ethical and moral obligations
toward the surroundings. however human values become an element once observing environmental
ethics. Human values area unit the items that area unit vital to people that they then use to gauge actions
or events. In alternative words, humans assign worth to bound things so use this assigned worth to form
selections regarding whether one thing is correct or wrong. Human values area unit distinctive every to
every} individual because of not everybody places a similar importance on each component of life.

Impact of west on society:

Modernization and progress has had its share of disadvantages and one in every of the most aspects of
concern is that the pollution it's inflicting to the world – be it land, air, and water. With increase within the
international population and the rising demand for food and alternative necessities, there has been an
increase within the quantity of waste being generated daily by every menace. This waste is ultimately
thrown into municipal waste assortment centers from wherever it's collected by the world municipalities
to be any thrown into the landfills and dumps. However, either attributable to resource crunch or
inefficient infrastructure, not all this waste gets collected and transported to the ultimate dumpsites. If at
this stage the management and disposal is wrongly done, it will cause serious impacts on health.

Waste that's not properly managed, particularly waste product and alternative liquid and solid waste from
households and the community, square measure a significant jeopardy and cause the unfold of infectious
diseases. Unattended waste lying around attracts flies, rats, and alternative creatures that successively
unfold malady. Commonly it's the wet waste that decomposes and releases a nasty odor. This ends up in
insanitary conditions and thereby to an increase within the health issues. The plague natural event in Surat
could be an ideal of a town suffering attributable to the callous perspective of the native body in
maintaining cleanliness within the town. Plastic waste is another cause for pathological state. Therefore,
excessive solid waste that's generated ought to be controlled by taking bound preventive measures.

Impact on Health:
Modernization and progress has had its share of disadvantages and one among the most aspects of
concern is that the pollution it's inflicting to the world – be it land, air, and water. With increase within the
world population and therefore the rising demand for food and alternative necessities, there has been an
increase within the quantity of waste being generated daily by every house. This waste is ultimately
thrown into municipal waste assortment centers from wherever it's collected by the world municipalities
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to be any thrown into the landfills and dumps. Impacts of solid waste on health.

The cluster in danger from the unscientific disposal of solid waste embrace – the population in areas
here er there’s o orre t aste disposal ethodolog , parti ularl the pre-school children; waste
employees; and workers in facilities manufacturing noxious and infectious material. Alternative unsound
cluster embrace population living near a waste dump and people, whose water system has become
contaminated either thanks to waste merchandising or outflow from lowland sites. Uncollected solid waste
additionally will increase risk of injury, and infection.
In explicit, organic domestic waste poses a heavy threat, since they ferment, making conditions favorable to
the survival and growth of microorganism pathogens. Direct handling of solid waste may result in numerous
forms of infectious and chronic diseases with the waste employees and therefore the rag pickers being the
foremost vulnerable. Exposure to unsafe waste will influence human health, kids being a lot of prone to
these pollutants. In fact, direct exposure will cause diseases through chemical exposure because the
unharnessed of chemical waste into the surroundings results in chemical poisoning. several studies are
dispensed in numerous components of the globe.

Solid waste management

Rapid increment and urbanization in developing countries has light-emitting diode to folks generating
monumental quantities of solid waste and sequent environmental degradation. The waste is often disposed
in open dumps creating nuisance and environmental degradation. Solid wastes cause a significant risk to
public health and therefore the surroundings. Management of solid wastes is vital to attenuate the adverse
effects exhibit by their indiscriminate disposal.

Types of solid wastes: counting on the character of origin, solid wastes are classified
into Urban or Municipal Wastes
Industrial Wastes
Hazardous Wastes

SOURCES OF URBAN WASTES

Urban wastes embody the subsequent wastes: Domestic wastes containing a spread of materials thrown
out from homesick: waste matter, Cloth, paper, Glass bottles, synthetic resin baggage, Waste metals, etc.
Commercial wastes: It includes wastes starting up from outlets, markets, hotels, offices, establishments.
Ex: paper, packaging material, cans, bottle, synthetic resin baggage, .

Classification of urban wastes

Urban wastes are classified into:
Bio-degradable wastes - Those wastes that may be degraded by small organisms are referred to as
bio- degradable wastes Ex: Food, vegetables, tea leaves, dry leaves, etc.
Non-biodegradable wastes: Urban solid waste materials that can't be
degraded by small organisms are referred to non-biodegradable wastes.
Ex: synthetic resin baggage, scrap materials, glass bottles, etc.

Source of commercial waste:

The main supply of commercial wastes are chemical industries, metal and extraction industries.
Uninuclear plants: It generated radioactive wastes, Thermal power plants: It produces ash in giant
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quantities.
Chemical Industries: It produces giant quantities of dangerous and cyan genetic materials.
Other industries: alternative industries manufacture packing materials, rubbish, organic wastes, acid,
alkali, scrap metals, rubber, plastic, paper, glass, wood, oils, paints, dyes, etc.

STEPS concerned IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

Two vital steps concerned in solid waste management
are: Reduce, utilize and Recycle of Raw Materials
Discarding wastes

Reduce - If usage of raw materials is reduced, the generation of waste additionally gets
reduced Reuse - Refillable containers that are discarded once use may be reused
Rubber rings may be made of discarded cycle tubes and this reduces
waste generation throughout manufacture of rubber bands.
Recycle- usage is that the reprocessing of discarded materials into new helpful merchandise
Ex: previous atomic number 13 cans and glass bottles are liquid and recast into new cans and
bottles Preparation of polysaccharide insulation from paper
Preparation of automobile body and construction material from steel cans
This technique (Reduce, utilize & Recycle), i.e., 3R's facilitate economize, energy, raw materials
and reduces pollution.

INCINERATION:
It is a hygienic manner of disposing solid waste. it's appropriate if waste contains a lot of dangerous
material and organic content. it's a thermal method and effective for detoxification of all flammable
pathogens. it's costly in comparison to composting or land-filling. In this technique municipal solid wastes
are burnt in an exceedingly chamber referred to as furnace. Combustible substances like rubbish, garbage,
dead organisms and non-combustible matter like glass, ceramic ware and metal a separated before
feeding to incinerators. The non-combustible materials may be omitted for usage and utilize. The leftover
ashes and clinkers might account for concerning ten to twenty which require any disposal by landfill or
another suggests that.

The heat made within the furnace throughout burning of refuse is employed within the style of steam
power for generation of electricity through turbines. Municipal solid waste is mostly wet and incorporates
a high hot price. Therefore, it's to be dried initial before burning. Waste is dried in an exceedingly
preheated from wherever it's taken to an oversized incinerating chamber referred to as "destructor" which
might incinerate concerning a hundred to a hundred and fifty tones per hour. Temperature commonly
maintained in an exceedingly combustion chamber is concerning 700 C which can be hyperbolic to one
thousand C once electricity is to be generated.

ADVANTAGES
Residue is barely 20-25% of the first and may be used as clinker once treatment requires little or no house
Cost of transportation isn't high if the furnace is found at intervals town limits Safest from hygienic
purpose of read. A furnace plant of 3000 tons per day capability will generate 3MW of power.
DISADVANTAGES
Its capital and overhead are high Operation wants experienced personnel Formation of smoke, mud and
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ashes wants any disposal which might cause pollution.

Examples of moral things

A patient has kidneys that square measure failing and desires chemical analysis (a medical treatment to get
rid of waste merchandise from blood) to survive. The patient is refusing chemical analysis.
His spouse cares that her husband doesn't notice the results of his call. ought to chemical analysis be
given?
A patient recently old a systole (heart stopped beating). though his heart was restarted, he suffered brain
i jur that’s pro a l per a e t. he's ithi the edi al aid u it o e ted to a e tilator. The
patient has antecedently expressed that he wouldn't wish to measure connected to machines. ought to the
machine be disconnected?
A loved one observes a staffer treating another patient in what seems to be a disrespectful manner. What
ought to happen next?
A patient has been diagnosed with a terminal unhealthiness. Her family doesn't wish her au courant of the
identification. Ought to the patient be informed?

Preliminary studies regarding Environmental Protection Acts

CHAPTER I - PRELIMINARY
1. Short title, extent and commencement- (1) This Act could also be referred
to as the surroundings (Protection) Act, 1986.
(2) It extends to the full of Asian nation.
(3) It shall get force on such date because the Central Government might, by notification within the Official
Gazette, appoint and totally different dates could also be appointed for various provisions of this Act and
for various areas.
Definitions - during this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-
(a) "environment" includes water, air and land and also the inter-relationship that exists among and
between water, air and land, and mortals, alternative living creatures, plants, micro-organism and
property;
(b) "environmental pollutant" suggests that any solid, liquid or vaporized substance gift in such
concentration as could also be, or tend to be, injurious to environment;
(c) "environmental pollution" suggests that the presence within the surroundings of any environmental
pollutant;
(d) "handling", about any substance, suggests that the manufacture, processing, treatment, package,
storage, transportation, use, collection, destruction, conversion, providing purchasable, transfer or variety
of such substance;
(e) "hazardous substance" suggests that any substance or preparation that, because of its chemical or
physic-chemical properties or handling, is prone to cause damage to mortals, alternative living creatures,
plant, micro-organism, property or the environment;
(f) "occupier", about any works or premises, suggests that an individual UN agency has management over the
affairs of the works or the premises and includes about any substance, the person in possession of the substance;
(g) "prescribed" suggests that prescribed by rules created beneath this Act.

Top 6 environment Act in India

Environmental Act # one. life (Protection) Act, 1972:
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Wildlife Act, a landmark within the history, was enacted for providing protection to wild animals and birds.
Wildlife was transferred from State list to synchronal list in 1976, therefore giving powers to the Central
government to enact legislation. The Act additionally provides the constitution of Indian Board of life
(IBWL), that actively took up the task of putting in place life National parks and sanctuaries.
Objectives of the Act:
1. Restriction and prohibition on searching and trappings life.
2. Rehabilitation of vulnerable and vulnerable species.
3. Preservation of biological diversity by establishing sanctuaries, national parks and region reserves.
4. Grant of a special allow to hunt a life for research, scientific management and assortment of specimens
for zoological gardens, museums etc.
5. Regulation of exchange life and national conservation strategy.
6. Collaboration with voluntary bodies and NGO’s.

Environmental Act # two pair of. Forests (Conservation) Act, 1980:

The Act covers every kind of forests together with reserve forests, protected forests or any wooded land no
matter its possession. The Act has created ample provisions to see deforestation and encourage conversion
of non-forest areas. The National Forest Policy (1980) prohibits State governments for declaring any portion
of forests as non- reserved while not approval of Central government. The policy additionally prohibits
authorities for allotting any forest land for non-forest functions. The amended Act (1988) prohibits lease of
forest land to anybody apart from the govt. It enhances conservation, plantation and increase of forest
cowl to a median of half-hour.

Environmental Act # three. Water (Prevention and management of Pollution) Act, 1974:

The Act outlined terms like pollution, sewerage effluent, trade effluent, stream and boards. The salient
options and provisions of the Act area unit summed up as follows:
1. The Act provides for maintenance and restoration of quality of every kind of surface and well water.
2. It provides for the institution of Central and State Boards for pollution management.
3. The Act assigns powers and functions to those Boards to regulate pollution.
4. The Central and State Pollution Management Boards area unit given comprehensive powers to advise,
coordinate and supply technical help for hindrance and management of pollution.
5. The Act has provisions for funds, budgets, accounts and audit of the Central and State Pollution
Management Boards.
6. The Act prohibits disposal of any toxic, harmful or polluting touch the flow of water in an exceedingly
stream. However, selling of any material into a stream for the aim of reclamation of land isn't thought of an
offence.
7. The Act provides for severe and deterrent punishments for violation of the Act which has fine and
imprisonment.
The main regulative bodies area unit the Pollution Management Boards, that are bestowed the subsequent
functions and powers.
Environmental Act # four. The Water (Prevention and management of Pollution) Act, 1977:
1. This Act empowers the Central Water Board to gather access on water consumed by persons
carrying on sure regular industries and by native Authorities liable for supply water.
2. The access and therefore the consent fees from the foremost sources of revenue to run the Central
and State Water Boards.
3. The Act has been amended in 1991 with a read to enhance the resources of the Boards by removing
the lacunae within the Act and to supply rebate to the industries for obliging with the consumption and
effluent quality customary.

Environmental Act # five. Air (Prevention and management of Pollution) Act, 1981:
The Air Act was passed below Article 253 of the Constitution of India and in pursuance
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of selections of national capital Conference.

1. the target of this Act is to supply means that for the interference, management and
abatement of pollution to preserve the standard of air.
2. The Act defines relevant terms like pollution, air pollutants, transport exhausts and industrial
plants. 3.The Act additionally includes vehicles, diesel vehicles, transport, railways and domestic fuels.
4. The Act provides, as per Section nineteen, the declaration of bound heavily impure spaces
as pollution management area and no works shall be operated in these areas while not previous consent
of the State Pollution control panel.
5. The Central and State Water Boards are entrusted with the task of dominant and
preventing pollution and consequently they need been redesigned as Central Pollution control panel
and State Pollution control panel severally.

Environmental Act # half-dozen. setting Protection Act, 1986:

The setting Protection Act, Gregorian calendar month nineteen, 1986 was enacted as per the spirit of the
national capital Conference command in June 1972 to require acceptable steps for the protection and
improvement of the surroundings and to stop hazards to persons, living creatures and property. The Act
consists of twenty-six Sections distributed among four chapters and extends to the complete country.
1. commonplace of quality of air, water and soil for varied areas and for varied functions.
2. most permissible limits of concentration for varied environmental pollutants (including noise)
for various areas.
3. Procedures and safeguards for handling of venturesome substances.
4. Prohibition and restrictions on the placement of industries and concluding operations.
5. Procedures and safeguards for hindrance of accidents which can cause environmental pollution
and 6. Providing for remedial measures just in case of accidents.

Environmental Education
Environmental education brings the important world into the language schoolroom, empowering learners
to create positive changes within their native communities and in the world. Language academics UN
agency introduce environmental topics like rain forest destruction and vulnerable animal species into their
lesso s realize that stude t’s area unit fascinated by problems these issues gift. Besides serving as a
fashionable and stimulating supply of real-world content, environmental education:

 provides an efficient framework for desegregation language skills;

 bridges the gap between English and different faculty subjects;
 develops important and artistic thinking skills;
 fosters the event of problem-solving skills;
 provides opportunities for exploring society attitudes and values;
 engages multiple intelligences;
 encourages student interaction.

Another reason, and therefore the most vital, for conveyance environmental problems into the language
s hoolroo is that the urge of the e iro e tal s e ario itself. If stude t’s area u it to parti ipate
absolutely in resolution the environmental issues of these days and therefore the future, environmental
education is important. issues like plant and animal extinction area unit pressing. All educators have
associate moral and private responsibility to contribute to students' awareness of environmental problems
and to foster in their students the event of skills that promote property development.
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A Global Approach
besides providing follow on specific language skills like speaking or reading, every of activities bestowed
during this volume incorporates one or a lot of the subsequent international objectives associated with the
environment:
 Awareness: Promoting awareness of a specific environmental drawback and what people will do
to assist solve the matter.
 Concern: Encouraging students to explore their own values and feelings of
concern regarding the surroundings.
 Skills: serving to students to amass and develop the required skills to unravel environmental issues.
 Action: Providing opportunities for college students to induce actively concerned in doing one thing
to remedy environmental issues.

Self-exploration
The world's forests are being consumed speedily. Trees ar bog down for paper and wood product, for
preparation fuel, to clear land for development, and to expand farming areas. The land left behind is
stripped not solely of its trees, however the plants, animals, and insects that lived in this scheme further.
With no plant roots to carry it in situ, valuable soil washes away with each precipitation and lands up within
the rivers and streams upon which individuals rely for his or her water. In extreme cases, a whole bunch or
thousands of individuals lose their homes or change state in landslides once deforested slopes become
unstable.
Forests conjointly play a very important half in regulation world climate. Trees take away dioxide, a
significant greenhouse emission, from the atmosphere, whereas athletics atomic number 8 into it. Once
trees are og do , ho e er, the dio ide is free o e ore. It’s al ula le that up to twenty fifth of the full
quantity of dioxide going into the atmosphere each year is free from trees being cut and burned. It's clear
that protective the world's forests is a very important a part of determination the worldwide global climate
change drawback.

Explanation about SWASTHYA

If we tend to choose the literal that means of swasthya, then it means that health. however, our health
itself contains plenty of things, like our thoughts, wellbeing of our physical state, moreover as mental one,
etc. we tend to ne'er notice the manner we tend to breathe, inhale, however would our lungs be
behaving throughout this? what all should be going within our body. What happens to the food once it
goes down the esophagus? there are bound queries however we tend to ne'er care to seem or feel them.
just because we all know ton overabundant} concerning digestion n have seen lot several things.
however, is so?? my purpose here is that's it extremely all through? are not we tend to totally different
from the represented representation. As said earlier SWASTHYA conjointly deals with our condition and
its wellbeing. what we predict, however we predict and why we predict area unit the queries that area
unit answered by the individual on his or her own. all has their own perceptions relating to their thinking
method. as it's their own and that we might need our own opinion concerning that isn't accepted by the
thinker.

Explanation about SANYAMA

Sanyama deals with self- o trol, it’s esse tiall the soul half. Our soul is that the i -built god precocious
energy that provide the primary and therefore the basic most construct of our existence. Except for the
superficial thoughts that soul is that this –that and bound different taboos, it's a glorious proven fact that
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soul is main interface between the heavenly energy and organic structure.

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