.

LONG

460 & 460DT

Operator's Manual
 LONG

460 & 460DT

Operator's Manual
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introdu ction to 460 5

Mod el Identific ation .... .... .. ..... ....... ... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... ... ...... ......... .... .. ........... .. .. ........ 6

Safety Precauti on s .... .... ... .............. ..... ..... .... ............... ..... ....... .. ...... .. ... .. .. ....... ... ... 3

Techni cal Feat ures .. .. .. ............. ....... .. .. ..... .. .. .. ...... .. .. ......... ....... .... .... .. .. ... ... .... .. ... 7

Tra cto r Op eratin g ...... ....... ...... .... ... .. ...... ... ... ... ....... .. ..... ... .. .. ..... .. .. .. ..... ........... ....... 29

Introd uction to 460 OT ................... .. .. .. ... .. ..................... ... .... ... .. .. ..... .... ....... .. .. .. . 74

Mode l Il lustrati on .... .. ..... ....... ........... ... ... .. .. .... ............... ........... ..... .... ... .. .. .... .... .... .. . 75

Tech ni cal Features .. .. .... ....... ...... .. ... .... ....... .... .... .. ........ .... ......... .. ... .... ..... .. ... .. ....... 76

Tractor Op erati ng ......... .. ... .... ...... .. ...... ... ........ .. .. .............. ............... .. ....... .. .... .. .. ... 82

Tractor Maintenan ce ........ .......... ... ..... .. ..... .. .... ...... ...... ........................ .... ............. 84

Implement Guide .... ..... .. ................ ..... ... .. ........... ........... ..... .... .... ... .. ... ... .... ... .... .... 87

Wa rrant y .. .. .. .... ...... .... ..................... ...... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ......... .. .. ...... ....... Inside Back Cover

1
 A SAFETY PRECAUTIONS A
In addition to endangering life · and physical well-being, accidents can cause
loss of money and man -hours. Most farm accidents can be avoided if all persons
working with and around the equipment use common sense and observe basic
safety rules .

1. Make sure that all drivers know how to operate the tractor properly and
safely.

2. Allow only the operator on the trac tor . Do not allow anyone else on the
tractor . Keep children away at all times .

3. Prior to use, inspect all equipment to insure that it is in good condition. Do

not operate equipment with damaged or missing parts .

4. Be sure all tractor controls are in neutral before starting the engine.

5. Keep hands and cloth ing away from moving parts .

6. Do not leave a runn ing tractor unattended .

7. Prior to start ing the tractor, blow the horn to warn all persons working near
the tractor.

8. Always keep a firm grip on the steering wheel.

9. Do not exc eed safe driving speeds .

10. Engage the c lutch slowl y, especially when driving up steep hills or out of
ditches . There is always the possib ility of the front end rising off the ground .
Shou ld th is happen , d isengage the clutch.

11 . Alwa ys keep the tractor in gear when going down steep hills or grades.

12. Slow-mov ing vehicl es on highways can be dangerous. Use a slow-moving

vehicle sig n in conjunction with flashin g warning lights, headlights , and
taill ights .

13. Do not operate tractor eng ine in closed garage or shed .

14. Do not ti e chains or ropes to axles or to other parts of the tractor chassis .
Always hitch the load to the drawbar in the lowest possible position.

15. Alwa ys take up slack in chain or cable gradually.

3
16. Alw ays wait until the tractor comes to a compl ete halt before dismounting .

17. Before dismounting the tractor, stop th e PTO and low er all implements to
the ground .

18. Always park th e tractor with the brakes lo cked. Do not depend on th e gears
to hold the trac to r in a parked position.

19. Do not make repa irs or ad ju stme nts w hile the equip ment is running.

20. Never stand between the tra cto r and the drawn implement , unl ess th e trans-
mission is in neutra l and the brakes are lo cked.

21. Before serv icin g an impl ement , d isengage the PTO .

22 . Never refuel the tractor w hen the engine is hot or running.

23. Do not li gh t matches or smoke while fi llin g the fuel tank.

24 . Before removing th e radia tor ca p, rel ieve the pre ssu re in the coo lin g system
by carefully turning the ca p to its first posi tion .

25. Keep the brakes adjusted pro perly .

26. Dis co nn ect the battery g round wire an d the battery connector ca ble before
ma king any adjust ments on the engine or electrical syst ems .

27. Storage batteries give off highly ex p losi ve hydrogen gas when being
charged . Kee p away from sparks and flames.

28. If battery electrolyte contacts sk in or cl oth ing , wash imm ed iately with water .

29 . Escaping hydraulic oi l can have extre me ly high pressure . A stream of it

can easily penetrate the skin and cause b loo d po ison ing . A ll co nn ect ions
must be tight and all lines and pipes must be in good condition . Be sure to
relieve all hydraulic press ure before disconnecting any lin es or pipes on
the tractor hyd rau li c syste m. Keep all gua rds and shields in place.

30. Store lubricants , fuel and solvents away from other flamm able materials.

31 . Use a dry chemical or CO 2 extinguisher on fuel , oil or electrical fires.

32. When parts need replaci ng , use only parts approved by Long Mfg . N. C. Inc.
Do not use substitute parts.

4
Introduction
The LONG 460 tractor, is a whee led all-purpose tractor, with pneumatic tires,
intended for farming operations carried out in conjunction with trailed and
suspended implements as well as for transport jobs.

It is a mean power tractor, equipped with a Diesel engine of 45 HP at 2400

r.p.m., w ith direct fuel injection and electric start.

Its hydraulic system as well as the front and rear axle track adjustment enable
the LONG 460 tractor to operate with a diversity of agricultural implements and
to cope with many farming jobs.

The V-460 vineyard model derives from the U-445 tractor and differs from it
by :
- rear axle housing with hand-actuated differential lock
- narrower final drive housing
- front axle - lower and narrower
- front wheel with 5.00-15 tires (rim. 3.00 D X 15)
- read wheel with 11.20-28 tires (rim W 1O X 28)
- electrical equipment.

The L-460 tractor, meant for high clearance gardening derives from the
LONG-460 tractor and differs from it as follows :
- front axle with longer steering knuckle pin
- final drive housing rotated by 36 °
- rear wheels with 9.50-36 tires (rim W8 X 36)
- electrical equipment.

5
How to identify the tractor

An y co mmunication regardi ng tractor behavior must include eng ine and

ch assis serial nu mber.

Thi s information speeds service and parts orders .

Engine number

Chassis number
Fig. 1 - Tractor ide ntification

6
Technical features
GENERAL

Type LONG-460 V-460 L-460

universal vineyard
mean power, pneumatic wheels

Travel Speed 11,20-28 12,40-28 9.50-36

(at 2400 rear tires rear ti res rear tires
engine r.p .m.) (dynam ic (dy nami c (dynamic
circum feren ce c I re um f ere n c e circu mferen ce
47.211) 49.6 11 ) 53.2 11 )

m.p.h. m.p.h . m.p.h.

1st gear 1.42 1.36 1.27

2nd gear 2.57 2.46 2.31

3rd gear 4.04 3.87 3.62

4th gear 5.11 4.90 4.59

5t h gear 9.24 8.85 8.3

6th gear 14.58 13.95 13.00

Reverse gear:

1st gear 2.08 2.00 1.87

2nd gear 7.5 7.18 6.73

7
 1--- - 1920
--~~ ~ ~ - 3070 - - - - - -- -

Fig . 2 - Overall Dim ensions of the tractor LONG -460

1200 mm .. .. 1900 mm =47.2 in . .... 74,8 in 1280 mm .... 1975 mm= 50.3 in . 77.5
1490 mm = 58.6 in 1345 mm= 53 in
465 mm= 18.3 in 1920 mm= 75. 6 in
3070 mm= 120.6 in

8
 820 1322

I.{)
,-
C')
,-

.__~ ~ 1885 ~ ~ ~---

--~~~~3150~~~~~~~~--

Fig. 3 . - Overall dim ensions of th e tractor V-460

820 mm .... 1322 mm= 32 .3 in . .... 52 in 950 mm= 37.4 in
1460 mm=57. 5 in 1050 mm= 41 .3 in
350 mm=13 .8 in 1315 mm=51 .77 in
850 mm= 33.5 in 1885 mm= 74.2 in
3150 mm=124.4 in

9
 LO
co
co
....

LO
LO
LO

Fig. 4 - Overa ll dimensions of the tractor L-460

1200 mm .... 1900 mm=47.2 in .. .. 74.8 in 1400 mm .... 1900 mm= 55 in 74 .8 in

1665 mm = 65 .55 in 1555 mm=61.2 in
590 mm= 23.2 in 1910 mm= 75 .2 in
3205 mm= 126.2 in

10
TRACTOR WEIGHT

-Completely supplied and equipped with hydraulic system and attachments

(hydraulic powe r lift, front and rear ballast weights)

(4220 lb) (3280 lb) (3760 lb)

1920 kg 1710 kg 1957 kg

-dry , without attachments

(3511 lb) (3093 lb) (3747 lb)
1596 kg 1406 kg 1703 kg

ENGINE
Mode l ........................ ......... ...... ..... .. ..... .... .... D-115

Type ... ..... ... ..... ....... .. ......... .. ........... .. ... ......... Diesel with direct fuel injection

Rated power ....... ........... ......... ........ ........... .. 45 HP at 2400 r.p.m.

Maximum torque at 1500 r.p .m .... .. .... .. ... .. . 96 .16 ft. lb (133 .3 mkp)

Number and arrangement of cylinders ..... 3 cylinders , vertical in line

Bore / stroke ..... ......... .............. ....... ... .. .. ... 3.74 / 4.33 in . (95 / 110 mm)

Cyinder capacity ... ..... ... .............. .. .............. 143 cu. in (2340 ccm)

Compression ratio ... ...................... .... ..... ... 17 to 1

Timing (theoretical)
- position and number of valves .. .... . ..... overhead (each cylinder is provided with
an inlet and outlet valve)

- inlet valve opening ........................... ... .. . 3° before TDC

- inlet valve closing ............................ .. .... 23 ° after BOC

- outlet valve opening ......... ............ ...... .48° 30' before BOC

- outlet valve closing .......... .. .................. 6° after TDC

- valve tappet clearance , engine cold ... 0.9884 in (0.25 mm)

- Firing order ............................ .. ......... ... ... 1-2-3

11
 Fig. 5 - 0-1 2 1 engine lubricating diagram

l. Oil filter; 2. Oil pu mp with gears; 3 . Oi l strainer; 4_- Oil filler plug;
5 . Oil pressure adjusting va lve; 6. D ips ti ck .
 I

--~
~
Fig. 6 - Engine cooling diagram

1. Coolant thermometer; 2. Water pump; 3. Flat tub ular water radiator ;

4. Th ermostat; 5. Fan; 6. The rmometer bul b.

13
LUBRICATING SYSTEM
Oil pressure at 100° G

- at maximum r.pm . .... ... ....... ........ ..... .. ...... .. ...... .42.7 to 57 p .s. i (3 .. . .4 kg/sq .cm)

- at minimum r.p.m . ............. .. .. .. .. ...... .... ... ........ ..9.96 p.s .i. (0.7 kg / cq .cm)

- Oil filt er with pap er cartridge

COOLING SYSTEM
(wi th forced water circulation)
Fan is mou nted on water pump shaft.

FUEL INJECTION PUMP

- rotary, type GAV OPA 3233330-49 / 800 / 3/ 2550
Mec hanic al regulator and automatic spil l po int vari ator.

The pump element ensures fu el delivery un der high pressure . It consists of

two opposite pl ung ers in a rotor turning in hydraulic head. Plun gers displace-
ment takes place un de r the influence of cam rin g which the plungers come into
contact with by me ans of rollers . Centr ifugal mechanical regulator be lon gs also
to the pump asse mbl y. It accura tely adjusts th e fue l delivered by injection pump
acco rdin g to eng ine loading .

Automatic spi ll point variator ensures accurate spi ll com menceme nt. Thi s
device belongs to th e injection pum p assem bl y.

Transfer pump included into fuel circuit between fue l filter and meterin g
valve consists of a two blade rotor . It is installed on main rotor shaft, runnin g
in an eccentric bus hi ng which is fitted in side the injection pump cover .

Sp ill point :

- fixed advance ................... ........ . 13° ± 1 befo re TDC

- automatic advance ..... .. ...... ....... .. ..... .. 15° before TDC

- injector .... .. ... .. ........ .... .. .. ... ........ type KB L 70 S1 R

- nozzle ...... .. ... ........ .............. .. ........... .. .. ty pe RO-OLLA 145 S 448

- in jection pressure ... ....... ... .. .... ... ... ..... ..3200 to 3342 p .s. i. (230 ± 5 kg / sq cm)

14
 Fig. 7 - Fuel system .
1. Fuel tank tap; - 2. Fuel tank; - 3. Thermostarter tank; - 4. Injectors; - 5. Thermostarter; - 6. Second
-L
fuel filter ; - 7. Air cleaner; - 8. Injection pump ; - 9. Fuel pump; - 10. Fuel filter; - 11 . Accelerator pedal ; -
(Jl
12. Starting aid button; - 13. Accelerator hand control.
Fig. 8 Kinematic Tra nsmission Diagram of the tractors LONG -460, V-460 and L-460 with out reduction gea r
1. Thrust disc, p.t.o . clutch - 2. Thrust disc - 3. Driving disc , p .t.o. clutch - 4. Driving disc; - 5. Clutch shaft -
6. Coupling - 7. P.t.o. shaft - 8. Gear, 1st and reverse speed - 9. Gear, 2nd and 3rd speed - 10. Gear, reverse
speed - 11. Driven gear, 1st speed - 12. Driven gear, reverse speed - 13. Driven gear, 3rd speed - 14. Syn-
chronizer - 15. Driven gear 2nd speed - 16. Gear rim , fi xed - 17. Differential spider pinion - 18. Countershaft
- 19. En g aging sleeve - 20. Gear - 21 . Bevel gear - 22. Differential drive whee l - 23. Brake - 24. Shaft - 25. ,
26. Spur gear, f inal drive - 27. Gear - 28. Sh aft - 29. Gear - 30. , 31 . Beve l gea rs - 32. Belt pulley - 33.
Gear - 34. P.t.o.-shaft 35. Main drive shaft.
 cp

Fig. 9 - Kinematic diagram of the transmission of the tractors LONG- 460,

V-460 and L-460 equipped with reductio n gear
36 . Differenti al sp ider pinion - 37. Fi xed gear rim - 39. En gaging sleeve
Feed pump
with double diaphragms and primer

Fuel filtration
feed pump strainer and two filters with replaceable filter elements, connected
in series , placed between fuel feed pump and injection pump.

Air cleaner
with oi l sump and centrifugal prefil ter, automatic separation .

TRANSMISSION
CLUTCH - dual, one for gearbox and one for power take-off . Both are friction
type, dry , single disc-clutches installed in the engine flywheel.
GEARBOX - with 6 forward speeds and 2 reverse speeds. 2nd and 3rd as well
as 5th and 6th gear are synchro-meshed .

INTERMEDIATE TRANSMISS ION - consisting of a bevel gear group and differ-

ential gear with 2 different spider pinions .
Transmission ratio : 3.917 for LONG-460 and V-460 tractors.
Transmission ra tio : 4.7 for L-460 tractor.

FINAL DRIVE - 3 straight-c ogged spur gears

Transmission ratio: 5.636

DIFFERENTIAL LOCK - co nnects differential casing with one of the planet

whee ls.

STEERING
- steering contro l from steering wheel to wheels attached by worm and roller
steering gear. Steering wheel is located in the center .

18
FRONT AXLE AND WHEELS

FRONT AXLE
Tubular axle, of telescopic type , with eight step wheel track variation for
LONG-460 tractor; 6 step variation for L-460 tractor and 3 for V-460 tractor .

WHEEL AND TRACTORS

The wheels are fitted with pneumatic tires, discs and rolled sheet-steel rims.

TIRE AND WHEEL RIM DIMENSIONS :

L-460 V-460 LONG-460
- front wheels ............ .. ...... .. .... ...... 6.00-16 5.00-15 6.00-16
- wheel rim ....... .. .. .. ..... .... .. .... . 4 :00EX16 3.00D X15 4.00EX16
- rear wheels .. ... ... ... ... ......... .... ..... 12.40-28 11.20-28 9.50-36
- wheel rim .. .. .... ........ ..... .. ... .... W 11-28 W 10X2 8 W 8X36

MAX. PRESSURE IN FRONT WHEEL TIRE TUBES :

6.00-16 tires 29.4 p.s.i. (2 at)
5:00-15 tires 36.75 p.s.i. (2.5 at)

PRESSURE IN REAR WHEEL TIRE TUBES :

12.40-28 ti res 13.23 p.s.i . (0 .9 at)
11.20-28 tires 16.17 p.s.i. (1.1 at)
9.50-36 tires 20.58 p.s.i. (1.4 at)

BRAKES
Dry brakes with brake-band independ ent ly or simultaneously actuated by pedals .
The brakes are Jocked by means of a handle.

Independent hand brake , dry, with handle-actuated brake shoe (see fi g. 15 b) .

19
ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT (fig. 5a and 5b)
(LONG-460 tractor)
Rated voltage . . . 12V
Minus pole (-) is grounded.

Current source is ensured by the alternator connected with voltage regulator,

batte ry charge co ntrol rela y and battery.

AL TERNA TOR: Type 1130

VOLTAGE REGULATOR : Type 1410

BATTERY : 12V, Standard : 100 Amp

Heavy Duty : 135 Amp

STARTING MOTOR: #1 13, 4 HP at 12 V.

THERMOINJECTOR: 12 V, for co ld-weather start

LIGHTING AND SIGNALLING SYSTEM :

a) front : 2 head lights, type 4411, 12V, 35W.
b) rear : 1 flood light, type 4603, 12V, 35W;
w / built-in ta illi ght, type 1003, 12V, 15CP .

AC CESSOR IES
- Horn 12V
- Horn b utton
- Switch 60A with control handle for heating and starting

20
- Switch , lighting system and starting 6/ 60
- Blinker switch 5 A, for tractor and trailer blinker control
- Recorder with eight readings: .
- Warning light for battery charge with bulb of 12 V, 5 W
- Warning light for parking light and instrument pane l light with bulb of
12 V, 5 W
- warning light : fuel level and electric thermometer for cooling water
temperature
-warning light: oil pressure with bu lb of 12 V, 5 W
- warning light: tra ctor blinkers with bulb of 12 V, 5 W
- warning light: trailer blinkers with bulb of 12 V, 5 W
- tachometer
- Sending unit (temperature) 12 V
- Sending unit (fuel level)
- Battery charge control relay 1610 type
- Fuse box, 8 A and 16 A / 6
- Tubular fuse bracket
- Manocontact 12 V
- Safety contact 35 A
- Brake contact type CF 2
- Terminal panel with 3. 5, 6 and 7 terminals

- The electric equipment of the L-460 tractor differs from that of the LONG~485
tractor; by the absence of a blinker unit; instead of a trailer plug socket, the
L-460 tractor is prov ided with a cylindrical plug socket PC-2.

The electric equipment of a V-460 tractor differs from LONG-460 tractor by

the absence of a blinker system, search light # 100 and trailer plug socket.

POWER-TAKE-OFF-UNIT
Located on the rear of the tractor, it may operate either independently from
trans mi ssio n or synchronous ly with travel speed .

- P.T.0 .-shaft r.p .m. when tractor covers 1 m :

LONG-460 V- 460 · L-460
4.09 (rear wheel 4.27 (rear 4.21 (rear
12.4-28) wheel 11 .2-28) wheel 9.5-36)
3.96 (rear wheel
13.6-28)

21
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A - w h i te G - 9 ·ey M -
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8 - bl ue V - green H - yell

22

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· ·=· ··=· =--=· = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 @~~~~2~ 31 Fig. 10 - Electric Wiring Diagram
1 iJ!'
I
·T
'I . ___ :L
'f-l·' - ·-··-HN - - -~
®1 of the LONG-460
1. · Asymetric Headlight # 130 - 2. Three-terminal
I ii lfF ·.::ii panel - 3. Storage battery - 4. Horn - 5. Six-
l\! 1 ii j ~I ©
r!: I \I
:
terminal panel - 6. Alternator - 7. Sending unit -

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@ Jii:,~!
Ii 1 !
fJl
1 I i ' 8. Thermostarter - 9. Manocontact - 10. Flasher
11,1 relay - 11. Relay , battery charging light - 12. Volt-

;t ·n
u~ . · ;

i 'tJf~ age regulator - 13. Fuse box - 14. Electric starting

[ , @ -·, J I \ ! \ \1 \ motor - 15. Fuse holder - 16. Sending unit - 17.
-c·= J,, 5 ! i ;: ,! ! : ;'L @ instr~me~t panel for eight read_ings: A-Battery charge
A~~: ! i 1~1\~r-ID
,· 1 , ; ' warning light ; B-Parking and instrument panel warn-
. .,. ®~ ' 11
,, t- ! ;1 J
i
~R - •
• ~ :; ing light; C-Fuel level recorder and electric ther-
-"
?'""'
!,I
z , ;
i1 , :J

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Qja:: Z 0.>'I
:
- - 5,4 ·
SAG , ·
. .
mometer; D-Low pressure warning light; F-Tra1Jer
.

.u•·- --~ @ I I
2
j' I flasher warning light; - 18. Plug socket with 5 ele-

-c~~NR~~ 8
==~=--
~ I [i w
:.i:l. __ _: ,
1

~=~~:; ;~: :~~~::~:~,wi,:,~ ~~~;n's;; 2~e:;~nn~

and starting switch - 24. Plug socket with 6 ele-
-v-- - - ---~---_.1
H -- • - ments - 22. Flasher switch - 23. Safety switch -
.cu+R
8
~= ~ - 1
11
,· 24. Plug socket with 6 elements; - 25. Light and
_31 = starter switch - 26. Contact button - 27. Seven -
cu+R I ! I, 1

terminal panel - 28. Rear flasher, stop tai l and num-

AN-..::;-; ~ 1 ,
ber plate light - 29. Trailer plug socket - 30.

~
'1

•.,,~j@ '!'''
8 - 5
Flashlight # 100 - 31 . Rear flasher , stop number
J
and parking light (right) - 32. Brake contact - 33 .
~=='-..J Plug socket with 1 c onnection - 34 . Five-terminal
panel.

@D- GN~
NA
1 ll'
-
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~-SN

P - ora nge
Z - p i nk

23
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N - block B - b lue L - vio le t

A - while G - g rey M - brown
R - red V - g reen H - yellow

24
 Fig. 11 - Electric Wiring Diagram of
the tractors V-460 and L- 460

----i 1. · Asymetric Headlight # 130 - 2. Storage battery

- 3. Three-terminal panel - 4. Horn - 5. Si x-

-}I~ l_L!:
.II
l
I
terminal panel - 6. Send ing unit; - 7. Thermostarter
- 8. Alternator - 9. Manocontact - 10. Relay,
battery charging light - 11 . Voltage regulator - 12 .
Fuse bo x - 13. Electric starting motor - 14. Fuse
I 1 • ,- l • L
holder - 15. Fuel level sending unit - 16. Recorder
Iii'· ~
::::II :i:I~ ~
j,' L
@
with 6 readings : A-Battery charge warning light; 8-
Parking and instrument panel warning light; C-Fuel
· 1: ' leve l recorder and electric thermometer; 0-Low
.iL_ pressure warning light-Plug socket with 3 elements
!;Cu 2.5 8 ~
- 18. Plug socket with 4 elements - 19. Heating
!
..... - ~
,e
1 1@
10 , 1
'.,fl ·
,,..
and ignition switch - 20 . Safety switch - 21. Light
and ignitio n switch - 22. Contact button - 23. Plug
I'
-· - (u 25H
' (u 4M
socket w ith 2 elements - 24. Plug socket with 1
element - 25 . Rear parking and number plate light
II L~~·z
--~ (for L-460); Rear parking li ght (for V-460) - 26.

I'
I
Cylindrical plug socket (only for L-460) - 27. Flash-
light #100 (only or L-460) - 28. Rear parking ligh t
(only for L-460) - 29. Number plate light (only for
@_ .,
HN '
<,. 1
,
I
V-460) .
•
-..,,I

Staner
- (u 4 /'\J Switch

ge

25
- independent p.t.o. shaft r.p.m. at rated engine speed: 659 r.p .m. At rated
engine speed of 1970 r.p.m . independent p .t. o. shaft r.p .m. is 540 .
- shaft profile: 6 splines 1.38X1.12 X3.44 (35X28.5X8.75)

TOWING ATTACHMENT (optional)

The LONG460- and L-460 can be equipped w ith :
- swinging drawbar
- quadrant bridge
The V-460 tractor can be equipped with :
- swing ing drawbar
- quadrant br id ge
- linkage drawbar

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Hydrau li c system is composed of a hydraulic pump , oil fi lter and a hydraulic
automatic depth and pos ition control unit.

PUMP OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM (geared)

- pu mp r.p.m. at 2400 engine r.p .m .......... ... .... ... ... .... ...... ...... ... . ............. 2180 r.p.m.
- effect ive pump output ..... ..4.84 G.P .M. (21 .8 I/ min .
- automatic hydrau lic depth and position co ntrol composed of hydrau lic power
cy linders , cont rol valve , sendi ng unit and linkage .
Cylinder bore ...... ...... .. ................ .... .. .............. ......... ....... .. .. .3.54 in (90 mm)
Max. piston stroke .................. ....... .... ... .. ... ... .... ........ ... ... .... .... ... ....... 3.54 in (90mm
Cylinder capacity .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .... ...... ... ... ....... ........... . .. 34.8 cu in (570 cm 3

CHARACTERISTICS :
- safety valve is adjusted to 214 0 p.s. i. (150 kp / sq .cm.)
- out let valve ad justed to 3560 p.s .i. (25 0 kp / sq .c m.)
- c heck va lve ad jus ted to 3560 p.s. i. (250 kp / sq .c m .)

26
REMOTE CONTROL VALVE (optional)
Fitted to the hydraulic mechanism , it controls single - and double-acting power
cy linders on tractor-attached implements . It is actuated by hand lever 12 fig . 6.
Hydraulic quick release couplings, supplementary , R.H. - two hydraulic quick
release cou plings connected to auxiliary distributor.

HYDRAULIC POWER-LIFT
This device consists of links, lifting arms arid turn buckles by means of
which the co upling and uncoupling of the agricultural implements are per-
formed .
Max. Corresp. max.
I ift* stroke
To fix lift rods in point A (fig . 20b) 2200 lb (1000 kg) 27.17 in (690 mm)
To fi x lift rods in point B (fig. 20b) 2640 lb (1200 kg) 21 .65 in (550 mm)

ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
- Radiator shutter prov iding coo lin g air setting (optional)
- Additional weights for front (optional)
- Additional weights for rear wheels (optional)
- High-pressure hose of 31. (800 mm ). 4 7.2 in (1200 mm) and 106.3 in (2700 mm)
(optional)

• In order to ensure suffi cie nt allowance fo r lif t, implement weight must not excee d
990 lbs. (450 kg .)

27
VARIANTS
Opt ionally , the 45 HP tractors are available as follows :
TRACTOR LONG-460 - with planetary reduction gear. (The following travel
speeds may be obtanied:
km / h m.p .h .
1st gear 0.74 .46 - With independent
2nd gear 1.34 .83 handbrake .
3rd gear 2.11 1.31 - With rear tires of
1st reverse gear 1.09 .68 13.60-28 or 14.9-28

TRACTOR V-460 - with planetary reduction gear. (The fo llowing travel speeds
may be obtained :
km / h m.p .h .
1st gear 0.71 .44
2nd gear 1.28 .79 - With independent
3rd gear 2.02 1.25 handbrake .
1st reverse gear 1.04 .65
TRACTOR L-460 - With independent handbrake .
TRACTOR L-460 - with planetary reduc tion gear. (The fol lowing travel speeds
may be obtained:
km / h m.p.h.
1st gear 0.72 .45
2nd gear 1.30 .81
3rd gear 2.04 1.27
1st reverse gear 1.05 0.65

28
Tractor operating

CONTROLS AND INSTRU MENTS

1. Alternator Indicator Light. Should be illuminated only when engine is idling .

If light does not go out when engine speed is increased , inspect regu lator fuse,
if light continues to burn , have alternator and regulator checked by your dealer.
NOTE: Indicator light is in operative when key switch is in off position.

2. Water Temperature Gauge. Indicates engine operating temperature in white-

green-red temperature ranges . Operating temperature should remain within the
limits of the green se ctor. If pointer is in white sector, inspect thermostat or
shield radiator, if necessary. Pointer moving onto red sector is a warning of
engine overheating.

3. Tachourmeter. Indicates engine and PTO speeds in revolutions per minute ,

and records hours of engine operation .

4. Fuel Gauge. Indica tes level of fuel in tank.

5. Engine Oil Pressure Indicator. Is a red light and must go "Out" a few
seconds after engine starts. If indicator light does not go off, stop tractor imme-
diately and look for cause. When engine is hot and running at low id le, light
may come "On" even if everything is normal; however, light should go off
when engine RPM 's are increased.

6. Light Indicator. Illumi nates when working lights are turned on .

7. Starter Switch. Is used to preheat diesel engine and to actuate starting

motor. There are four positions on switch., counterclockwise actuates starter
motor only , clockwise to first notch actuates thermoinjector . Refer to starting
procedure .

8. Injection Pump Fuel Stop. Limits flow of fu el to engine and retards auto-
matic advance mechan ism of injection pump . Pulling control kn ob rearward
stops engine. Pushin g knob forward against spring tension retards automatic
adva nce of inject ion pump whi ch aids in starting .

29
 9. Key Switch. Contro1s starter and thermoinjector switch, lights, fuel gauge,
alternator indicator li ght, oil pressure indicator light and water temperature
gauge.

10. Engine Speed Control Lever. Provides a means for changing speed of
engine. Moving lever downward increases speed .

11 . Clutch Pedal. Is used to control operation of two clutches. Depress pedal

to mid-travel position to disengage engine from transmission to permit shifting
of transmission gears. Depress pedal to end of stroke to disengage PTO.

12. Gear Shift Lever. Is used to shift transmission gears into various travel
speeds and neutral position.

13. Brake Pedals. Are used to actuate tractor brakes . Brakes may be used
individually to aid in turning at slow speeds , or pedal lock plate may be engaged
so that both pedals wi ll be depressed when traveling at high speeds.

14. PTO Lever. Is used to shift PTO into one of three positions ; 540 RPM
operat ion, ground speed operation and neutral.

15. Hydraulic Control Lever. Is used to raise or lower three-point hitch im-
plements attached to the upper and lower links. To raise implement, move con-
trol lever to rear of its quadrant. To lower implement, slowly move lever forward
until desired operating depth has been obtained .

STARTING AND STOPPING THE TRACTOR

Starting the engine
Before starting , the following operations should be carried out:

1. Check oil level in oil sump .

2. Check coolant level in the radiator.

3. Check fuel leve l in the tank .

30
Fig. 12 - Controls and Instruments

31
 4. Check for tightness of coo li ng sys tem , lubricat ing sys tem and fuel system
connections .

To start the engine the fo llowing operations should be carried out:

1. Put gear shift lever in neutral position. Power-take-off unit must be dis-
engaged .

Fig. 13 - De- aeration of fuel system

1. Vent plug of 1st filter; 2. Fuel injection pump vent plug; 3. In jection pump
return line bleeder screw; 4. Connection; 5. Fuel pump contro l level; 6. Fue l pump
handle.

32
2. Bring throttle lever to middle of travel.

3. When the tractor has been out of operation for a long time or when it is
started for the 1st time in cold weather, press lever 6 (fig . 13) twenty times.

4.· Place ignition key into switch to position 1 (fig. 14) .

5. Fully depress sta rting aid button (8, fig. 12) and turn thermostarter and
ignition switch handle to position 3 (fig. 15), by hand . Immediately after
starting the engine , bring switch to position O (fig. 15).

Fig . 14 - Ignition switch and key

0 = No circuit energized (key can be

withdrawn)
Engine starting and heating circuit
energized; turn signals and instru-
ments ON
2 = Same as 1; plus parking lights,
number plate light and rear flood-
light ON
3 = Same as 2; plus headlight low
beams ON

1 I 4 = Same as 2;
beams ON
plus headlight full

0 5 = Parking lig hts, number plate light

and rear floodlight ON (key can be
withdrawn)

Fig. 15 - Ignition and the rmostarter

control switch

0 = OFF
1 = Thermostarter ON
2 = Thermostarter ON and eng ine
starting 2-
3 = Engine starting /
\

33
 The fusebox consists of :

- fuse " 1"/ 16A : protects thermostarter and horn .

- fuse "2"/ 8A : protects fuel level gauge , coolant temperature indicator, oil
pressure gauge, battery charge control relay .

- fuse "3"/BA : protects instrument panel lights.

- fuse "4" / 8A: protects rear floodlight.

- fuse "5 "/ BA: protects right and left low bea m .

- fuse "6 "/ BA: protects ri ght and left full bea m .

- fuse "7"/8A: protects voltage regulator .

Fig . 16 - Fusebox
Fusebox 2 fuseholder
holder .

34

~ - ~ - ~-_....._;;===a:ac=======~==========·================><==============
 NOTE :
IGNITION AND THERMOSTARTER CONTROL SWITCH IS OPERATIVE
ONLY WITH IGNITION KEY SET TO POSITION 1, 2, 3 OR 4 (Fig. 14) .

Cold-weather starting
If outdoor temperature is low and the engine cold , proceed as follows:

- carry out the firs t fou r operations recommended for start ing the engine;

- switch thermosta rter on turning the ignition and thermostarter con tro l
switch lever to posi ti on - (fi g . 15). Keep the lever in th is pos ition for 10-1 5
seconds;

- rotate switch lever further to position 2 (fig. 15) and press starting aid
button 8 (f ig . 12) in . As soon as engin e is started , re leas e hold on switch leve r
and pull t he starting aid button out;
- pull radiator shutte r down; if this is not prov ided , use some other sui tabl e
means.

NOTE :

IF AFTER TWO OR THREE STARTING ATTE MPTS WITH THE THERMO-

STARTER ON , THE ENG INE WILL NOT START, TRY STARTING WITHOUT
THER MOSTARTER.

CAUTION!
While the engine is running , leave the ignition key in
one of the first four positions (t ig. 14 ): this will allow
battery charging and the operation of the fuel level
gauge and the coolant temperature indicator.

For a few minutes let the engine run at low speed and
then move off.

35
Starting the Tractor
1. Disengage the main clutch and engage the gear required , shifting speed
change lever according to scheme (· fig. 12 ). If the tractor is provided with a
su pplementary reduction gear and you intend to shift to creeping speed , set
speed change lever as well as hi gh-low dual range selector lever ( fig . 12 ).

R1 2
1 3
Fig . 17 - Gea r shiftin g diagram
N - neutral; -1. 1st gear ; - 2. 2nd gear;
-3. 3rd gear; -4. 4th gear; -5. 5th gear;
-6. 6th gear; R1 - 1st reverse gear; R2 -
2nd reverse gear. 5
6

R
Fig . 18 - Reduction gear -shifting diagram
a) Gearbox with planetary reduction b) Gearbox with additional planetary
gear reduction gear (option)
lnc et = low
I-low Rapid = high
R - hi gh Reductor = reduction gear

36
 CAUTION!
Prior to engine start, check whether the gear-change
lever is set to its neutral.

Release the brakes .

2. Release the main clutch pedal gradually and speed eng ine up by depress-
ing the accele rator pedal.

3. While operating the tractor watch instrument panel gauges.

Stopping the tractor and the engine

1. Slow down engine speed .

2. Disengage th e clutch and step on the brake pedals.

3. After the tractor has stopped, move gearshift lever to neutral. Release
cl ut ch pedal and lock the brakes .

4. Let engine run for a few minutes at low idling speed to cool water and oil
temperature down .

5. Cut off fuel supp ly by moving forward injec tion pump control lever and
pulling starting aid button out.

6. Turn contact key to 0-position .

PUTTING A NEW TRACTOR INTO OPERATION

Every new tractor has to undergo a pre-delivery inspection and a running -in
period before being put into operation .

37
 The running -in period is of at least 60 hours.

-whenever engine is started , let it run at low speed for a few minutes;
-do not keep the tractor on hard work requiring maximum power;
-check for oil loss.

These recommendations should be observed as well , after the engine has

undergone its capital repair.

After running-in observe the following:

1. Change oil in eng ine oil sump.

2. Check oil level in transmission cases

3. Check for tightness of cyl inder head retaining nuts .

4. Check valve tappet clearance and , if necessary, re-adjust.

5. Check fuel system .

6. Check V-belt tautness (see Page 57).

7. Check accurate operation of control levers and pedals.

8. Check up electric system .

9. Check up hydraulic system .

TRACTOR OPERATING
Before starting for work , make sure all the tractor controls operate smoothly
and properly.

Travel speed must be chosen according to the work to be performed , type of

implement to be used and ground conditions .

The fifth and sixth gears , which are generally used for transfers, are provided
with synchronizers to facilitate engagement even with the tractor on the go.

During work , follow the fuel level gauge and make sure you are not short of
fuel in the tank . If the fuel has run out, bleed the system because of air ingress .

To bleed fuel system proceed as follows :

1. Slacken plug (fig . 13) about two turns and actuate handle 6 until the fuel
issues out of the hole in the plug , in a uniform jet.

38
 2. Proceed in the same way with the vent plug of the safety filter and then on
vent plug 2.

3. Back out vent plug 3 by ·about two turns, slacken fully the four connections
4 and then , crank the engine with the starter motor until fuel without air bubbles
issues from the lines, retighten connections 4 and leave screw 3 unscrewed.

4. Finally start the engine and once the de-aerated fuel issues from screw 3,
tighten the screw.

USE OF CLUTCHES

The tractor has two clutches.

The first clutch connects the engine to the P.T.O.; disengage by actuating
lever 14 (fig. 12).

The second clutch connects the engine to the gearbox; disengage by depress-
ing pedal 11 (fig . 12).

USE OF BRAKES

Each rear wheel brake is separately controlled by its own pedal (right pedal
for the right wheel and left pedal for the left wheel) . Braking with one pedal is
useful when the tractor must perform a sharper turn; by locking the wheel on
inner side of turn the tractor will pivot on the braked wheel.

When traveling on road , interlock the pedals with their inter-locking latch.

To lock the brakes, depress both pedals and pull the lever up . To release the
brakes step on pedals, thumb the button lever grip and push the lever downward .

Is the tractor provided with an independent hand brake, apply the brakes on
the power train, after the tractor has stopped , by moving handlever 1
upward. Then brake shoe 9 will insert itself between disc 11 and gear 10
braking the gearbox counter-shaft. By means of pawl 3 the brakes can be locked
in this position . To re lease lock and brakes, depress knob 2 and move the
handlever downward .

39
 Fig. 19 - Clutch Pedal.
a) - Pedal half-stroke limiter position; b) - Pedal full stroke limiter position.

Fig. 20 - Handbrake Lever

40
 The tractor is provided with an independent hand brake, app ly the brakes on
the powe r train, after the tractor has stopped , by moving hand lever 1 (fig. 14)
upward . Brake shoe 9 slides between disc 11 and gear 10 and brakes the gear-
box countershaft. By means of pawl 3 the brakes may be locked in this position .
To re lease lock and brakes, press knob 2 and move the hand lever downward.

2
11

Fig. 2 1 - Hand brake lever.

1. - Hand lever ; 2. - Knob; 3. - Pawl; 4. - Toothed quadrant; 5. - Lever
shaft; 6. - Setscrew; 7. - Rod; 8. - Brake shoe lever; 9. - Brake shoe; 10.
- Gear; 11 . - Brake disc .

41
USE OF DIFFERENTIAL LOCK

The differential is fitted with a lockin g device which must be used when one
of the rear wheels running on muddy or slippery ground , tends to slip. To en-
gage the differential lock slow down the tractor and depress the proper pedal
(11 fig. 12) all the way down.

As the pedal is released , the lock automaticall y disengages, but if it fails to

do so , kick the brake pedal of one of the whee ls (when plowing , the wheel
outside the furrow ).

L 8

2- - -

10

, r·__..-----.

Fig . 22 - Differential lock

B- locked L- released

1. Locking pedal ; 3. Axl e; 4. Lever; 5. Spring ; 6. S!eeve; 7. Pin; 8. and 9. Planet

wheel; 10. Differentia l spider pinion ; 11 . Bevel gear ring ; 12. _
and 13. Halfax le.

42
 Differential locking should not be used on curves; if a curve has already been
started with the . lock engaged, brake the outer wheel to free the lock.

USE OF P.T.O.

The P.T.O. can be coupled either directly to the engine or to the gearbox, by
suitably shifting the lever 13 (fig. 12) .

If, while operating with the tractor running, the implement (mower, picker-
baler, etc .) becomes choked, depress main clutch pedal to midtravel so as to
stop the tractor for a few seconds and permit the implement to rid itself of the
overload .

To. couple the synchronous P.T.O. stop the tractor and shift lever 13 (fig. 12)
to the right. The synchronous P.T.O . operates only with tractor running and
revolves at a speed proportional to tractor running speed. It serves to drive
trailers with front axle drive and implements required to perform an amount of
work proportional to the travelled distance. If the synchronous P.T.O. is used
for implements the drive direction of rotation of which cannot be inverted with-
ou t the risk of serious damages, remember to disengage the P.T.O . before
shifting the tractor into reverse.

43
 USE OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AND AUTOMATIC DRAFT AND
POSITION CONTROL UNIT.

The hydrau lic system stands for reliabi lity and easy operat ion.

Fig. 23 - Hydraulic lifter

1. Control lever-2 . Stop

- 3. Response sensitivity
adjusting lever - 4. Pres-
sure limiting valve - 5.
Body - 6. Link support
wedge - 7. Selector lever

I
Ir

Fig . 24 - Remote
co ntrol valve
1. Plug for use of
single-acting cylinder
- 2. Fitting for use
of double-acting cyl-
inder .

44
 The lifter can operate in either of the two following ways :

1. On position control: move selector lever downwards (fig. 25) and lock top
link support (fi g. 26).

Position control enables the operator to u~e the tractor-attached implement

in any posit ion in or above the ground according to the range he is setting the
hydraulic control valve control lever. Moving the lever up, the implement will

Fig. 25 Fig. 26

lift up and moving the lever down, the implement will go down. The amount of
lifting and lowering is proportional to lever travel. i
.j
Position control is used for carried implements without land wheel or any
support that vary their working depth (bulldozer, sc raper, hoe) or implements
working above the ground and having a land wheel or support (i.e. manure
spreader, seed drills, mowers) .

Float use

The use of float frees the lower links completely allowing uncontrolled move-
ment. In this case the lift is used only to raise and lower the implement at the '~
beginning and end of the operati on , whi le during work it must be kept in the
lowest pos ition . Float is used for imp lements which must simply rest on ground
and follow its contours (for example: tamping rollers , spreaders, mowers) and
semi-trailed implements, wh ich during transport are carried completely by the
tractor, but which during work rest upon the ground (for example: manure
spreaders , weeders, sowers).

2. On draft control: move selector le ver upwards (fig . 25) and release top link
su pport (fig . 28).

45
 WARNING!
BEFORE MOVING THE SELECTOR LEVER UP OR
DOWN THE TRACTOR-A TT ACHED IMPLEMENT
M UST BE LIFTED FIRST.

Fig. 27 Fig. 28

The draft control automatically maintains the tractive effort of the t ractor at
a constant level , (p lows, cultivators) .

It is used for all carried implements wh ich must work in the ground at a
constant depth .

With carried implements , the tractor ground grip is improved , because a

certain amount of the implement weight is loading onto the rear wheels of the
tractor.

By means of the control lever enter the implement into the ground to the
desired depth . An automatic device , incorporated in the lift, maintains this
depth almost constant even thoug h the ground is undulating or irregular. Slight
variations of work ing depth arise in draft contro l only when the implement is
working in ground not all of the same te xture .

Working in draft control remember that :

-the implement must not have land wheels .

-plows must not have wheels.

46

~~-~ .~---..=========-=-= ·=- = = = = = = = = = = == = = =

 Do not use draft control with implements not designed for this. You will lose
all the advantages which draft control offers, and these are:

-smoother running of the engine.

-the possibility to work at a greater depth.

-better ground grip and so less tire wear.

-less fuel consumption .

An example for the use of draft control

Supposing we want to plow at a depth of, say 8" (2 0 cm) : at the beginning
of the furrow drop the plow to the ground and move the lift control lever pro-
gressively lower wh ile the tractor continues to advance, until the required depth
is achieved .

After working depth has been set, it is convenient to adjust the respons ive
sensitivity accordnig to the indications on page 87.

During the run no other action must be taken except in the case of large
variations in resistance to the implemen t which require movement of the lift
control lever to maintain the desired depth.

Selection of the operation system

The selection of the operation system (position and draft control) depends
upon the type of imple ment used . The system to be adopted for the imp lement
of current usage is indicated in the table " Guide to Lifter Use".

HITCHING POINTS

For correct lifter operation the implements must have the hitching points
located as show n in fig . 29.

NOTE:
THE PLOW SHOWN IS JUST AN EXAMPLE: THE
DATA GIVEN ABOVE HOLD HOWEVER FOR ALL
TYPES OF IMPLEMENT. USE THE SHORTEST POS-
SIBLE IMPLEMENTS WEIGHING NOT OVER 990 lb.
(450 Kg.)

47
Three-point-linkage adjustment
(fig. 27)

To sui t the lifting stroke to implement

height adjust the length of left lin k 4,
i.e. : for imp lements with high hitch shorten C
the link in serting moveable pivot 3 below
stationary pivot 2; for implements w ith low
hitch lengthen the link by inserting move- Fig. 29 - Imple ment
able pivot 3 above stationary pivot 2. hitching-points

To correct implement side tilt adjust the A-from 2.36 in (0 to 60 mm)

length of right link 8 by its crank : except 8 - froni 18.1 to 19.7 in (460 to
left link can be shortened or lengthe'ned , 500 mm)
according to requirements. C-not less than 19.7 in (500 mm)

When using implements needing some freedom of side movement (harrows ,

c ul tivators, seed drills, etc .) remove moveable pivot 3 to render "floating" left
link 4.

Select the top link-to-support anchor holes following the tab le " Guide to Lifter
Use " and remembering that when the lifter works on draft control its response
increases from the lower to the higher hole . As a rule a high response should
be reserved for light works requiring moderate pull efforts . Chain 5 limits the .
side sway of implements .

Lucru Greu : Heavy Work

Lucru Usor: Ligh t Work

Fig. 30 - Response
sensitivity adiustmen t

48
Transfers wit h hitched implements

Never tow imp lements by simply hook ing them to the lifter top link. During
transfer travels the imp leme nt mu st always be attached to the three-h itching-
poin ts; further more , the top link support mu st be immobilized and the chains
mus t be full y. stret ched.

Fig. 31 - Hydraulic lift

1. Top link; 2. Sta tionary pivot; 3. Moveable pivot ; 4. Left tie- rod ; 5. Side sway
limiting ch ains ; 6. Lowe r lin k ; 7. Snap stop p ins ; 8. Adjustable tie-rod ; 9. Crank;
10. Pin .

49
USE OF REMOTE CONTROL VALVE
This unit (fig . 24) cannot be used at th e same time with the hydraulic power
lift. When actuating single-actin g power cylinders , the remote control valve
should be plugged with plug 1. For double-acting power cylinders remove plug 1
and fit connection 2.

USE OF TOWING DEVICES

A whole range of towing devices is availab le, as an extra, for 460 tractors .
The use of one type of towing device rather than another depends on trailer or
implement type to be attached .

Swinging drawbar, rear-mounted

This devic e is fitted for agricultural implements and trailers with two. axles.
It is not suitab le for single-axle trai lers, because these impose an excessive
load on the drawbar with the risk of making the tractor rear. It is adjustable for
height = this is done by fixing the support arms (1) to the quadrant (2) . There are
four steps available for height adjustment (distance measured between ground
and drawhook center) i.e.: minimum 3.74 11 (95 mm) ; maximum 20.67" (525 mm).

Fig . 32 - Rear -mounted swinging bar

1. Support arm; 2. Quadrant ; 3. Bolt; 4. Orawbar; 5. Drawhook.

50
 A usefu l horizontal sideways range of 3.66" (220 mm) on the either side of the
tractor ax is is provided for. According to requirements the sideways swing of the
drawbar on the quadrant can be limited or stopped by means of bolt 3. Drawbar
length is adjustab le by three 1:77" (45 mm ) steps.

For suitable attachment of P.T.0.-coupled implements, observe dimension

13.58-14.37 in . (355 ± 10 mm).

WHEEL TRACK ADJUSTMENT

So that the 460 tractor can be suitable for work with the various implements
and for al l kinds of agricu ltural jobs , its front axle is designed to give a number
of wheel spacings.

Generally, it is necessary to select first the rear wheel spacing most suitable
and then set the front wheels accordingly.

Front wheel track adjustment

Fig. 33 - Front wheel

track adjustment
1. Steering knuckle support ;
2. Axle ; 3. Screws; 4. Drag
link; 5. Tie-rod; 6. Screw.

NOTE :
In row work and for harvesting, weeding , mowing, etc., it is
better, as far as possible, to have the outer rim of the
front and rear tires in alignment. When plowing, instead,
it is desirable to have the tire inside rims aligned.

51
 The tractor front axle consists of three parts: a center · section and two axle
ends which carry the wheels and which slide inside the center section and
allow for track adjustment within the range shown on page 7.

To adjust front wheel track, proceed as follows: lift front axle , remove screws
3 and slacken screw 5. Depending on how wide or narrow you want the wheel
track, move steering knuckle supports apart from or near to the front axle. Then
tighten the retain ing screws and tie-rod clamps.

Rear wheel adjustment

Rear wheel track adjustment (fig. 34) within the range set out on page 7
is provided for through the possibility to vary the position of the wheel dishes .

The rear wheel discs can be mounted with the dish facing in or out. Each of
these positions gives different sett in gs as show n in fig . 34 .

To dismantle and reassemb le the discs and wheels , place a jack under the
rear transmission housing .

CAUTION!
In making the rear wheel adjustment be careful that
the ribs of the tire tread point in the correct direction
for forward travel, as indicated by the arrow.

52
 a) Adjustment no. 1 and 5
The rims are attached with their lugs
on the inside of the wheel discs .

----.. (l')-

b) Adjustment no. 2 and 6

The rims are attached with their lugs
on the outside of the wheel discs .

....... --.. + -, .. -©-

c) Adjustment no. 3 and 7

The rims are exchanged from side
to side of the two wheels without
actually turning them round and are
attached to the discs with their lugs
on the inside.

-{i)-

d) Adjustment no . 4 and 8
The rims are placed as for adjust-
ment no. 3 and 7 but are attached to
the discs with their lugs on the out-
side.

- - -..--i/i)
,_, ... C!}·
-··---- ·--···-····-·••P··•-•••

Fig. 34 - Rea r wheel track adjustment

A = disc; B = lug; C = rim;

53
 AIMING THE HEADLIGHTS
Since the 460 tractor can also be used for transport jobs , it is important that
the front headli ghts are correctly aimed. To check proceed as follows:
- Place tractor on level ground facing a clear flat screen or wall situated
in the shade; draw two crosses on this screen corresponding to the center of
each headlight.

Fig . 35 - Aiming the headlights

54

~=·-- ~~-~~================================
Seat adjustment
To obtain maximum comfort it is necessary to adjust seat suspension and
position.
1. To adjust the suspension·, turn hand knob 1 in the direction indicated by
the arrow.
2. The seat should be fixed to the driver 's comfort. Loosen fixing screws 2,
move the bracket and introd uce the screws into other two holes according to
the position desired .
Another way to adjust is that of setting the bracket by means of screws
located under the seat , affi xing it to the bracket.

Fig. 36 - Sea t adjustment

55
IMPORTANT!
It is important that you follow the operating and service
instructions in this book. This will insure efficient and
trouble-free operation of your Long Tractor.

Strict compliance with our service recommendations on

lubrication , filter changes , and general maintenance
will result in a savings of time and money. It will result
in a minimum of down time for your tractor .

Do not over I oad the tractor or any of its components.

Do not operate the tractor at high speeds on rough road

or terrain .

Check the entire machine from time to time for loose

fittings.

Tighten all loose fittings and connections to prevent

complete failure.

Do not overlook small items. These should be repaired

as soon as they are discovered. Have them corrected
before they result in a major breakdown which will cost
you time and money.

56
Tractor maintenance

Trouble free operation , low maintenance, long service life, fuel and oi l
economy and consequently low operation costs are the result of carefully com-
plying with our service instructions. Follow these recommendations carefully.

WARNING!

Never clean, oil or adjust the tractor while it is operating!

PERIODICAL MAINTENANCE
The periodical maintenance consists of daily and periodical lubricating, check-
ing and ad j usting of the various units and mechanisms as well as tightening
of the connections .

According to the degree of wear on the components, the maintenance period

may be reduced proportionally.

57
 · PERIODICAL MAINTENANCE CHART

<f)
a: 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
::i ,... (0 N
,... LO 0 0
0 N LO ,...
I

Engine oil-check level X

Coolant-check level X
Tires-check inflation X
Hoses & Lines-check tightness X
Lug nuts-check tightness X
Clutch release bearings-grease X X X X X
King pins & axle-grease X X X X X
Air cleaner-check oil level X X X X X
Hyd. lift joints-grease X X X X X
Fuel filter-remove sediment X X X X X
Remote valve lever- grease X X X X X
V-belt-check tension X X X X
Electrolyte-check level X X X X
Air cleaner-clean element X X X X
Fuel filter-clean element X X X X
Hyd. filter-clean element X X X X
Engine oil-replace X X X
Oil filter-replace element X X X
Fuel fil ter-replace element X X X
Front wheel beari ngs-grease X X X
Transmission oil-check level X X X
Rear axle oil-check level X X X
Clutch pedal-check travel X X X
Brake pedal-check travel X X X
Fuel ta nk-remove sediment X X
Injectors-check pressure X X
Valves-check clearance X X
Radiator-c lean X X
Transmission oil-replace X X
Rear axle oil-replace X X
Starter brushes-check X X
Sea led fuel filter-replace element X X
w
I-
<(
0
w
0
>
a:
w
<f)

58
 LUBRICATION
CHART

Assembly to be
Quantity Quality
replenished

Cool ing system 2. 86 Gals (13 I) Antifreeze Solution

Fu el tank 11 .9 Gals (54 I) No. 2 Diesel

Eng i ne oil sump 1.54 Gal s (7 I)

+ filter + pipes
SAE 20 W HD SAE
for winter 10 W 30
En gi ne oil sump 1.32 Gal s (6 I)
SAE 30 HD All
for summer Season
Air c leaner oil .26 Gals (1 I)
sump

Tran smiss ion 3.52 Gals (16 I) SAE 20 W 40 with

ho usin g An t i fo aming Add itive

Steering case 0.11 Gals (0.5 I)

SAE 90
with antifoaming
additive
Final d rive 0.44 Gals (2 I)
hous ings (ea c h)

Grease Fitt ings - NLG I # 2

59
2. CHECKING RAD IATOR COOLANT LEVEL. Coolant in radiator must be
lower than up pe r plug edge by 1.18 in . (3 cm .).

After Every 60 Hours' Operation:

3. GREASING BALL BEAR ING OF CLUTCH DISENGAGING SLEEVE. Clean

the greaser; press lubricant grease in .
GREASING CLUTCH PEDALS SHAFT. Clean both greasers located at
shaft end and press lubricant grease in.

60
MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS IN DETAIL
In the following pages tract.or maintenance operations will be cove red ; refer
to Lu bricati on Chart (p. 59) for specifics.

After Every 1O Hours' Operation:

1. CHECKING ENGINE OIL LEVEL. The oil level must be checked at least
15 minutes after engine has stopped. (For oil level check the engine
must be level.) Check oil level with dipstick A. If needed , fill up through
filler hole B.

61
4. GREASING FRONT WHEELS STEERING KNUCKLE PIVOTS. Clean both
greasers (on e on ea ch si de) and press lubricant grease in .
GREASING FRONT AXLE SHAFT. Clean greaser B and press lubricant
grease in .

62
5. REMOVING SEDIMENT FROM FUEL FILTER BODY. Slacke n the screw
indi cated on figure by 3 or 4 turns . Ret ighten the sc rew when fuel flows
c lean.

6. GREASING HYDRAULIC LIFTER JOINTS. Clean greasers shown on the

figure and press lubricant grease in .

63
 7. CHECKING OIL LEVEL IN AIR CLEANING OIL SUMP. Fifteen minutes
afte r the engine has stopped, check oil level in oil su mp A. Oil level
mu st reach the marking notch B. Renew oil in the oil sump if sedime nt
on sump bottom has grown to a thi ck ness of about .39 in . (1 en.) When
oil sump is detached from the filter, clean also ce ntra l tube .

. .·- 8.
,- ·
. GREASE CONTROL LEVER OF REMOTE CONTROL VALVE. Clean
· grea ser shown on figure and press lubricant grease in .

64
After Every 120 Hours' Operation:

9. CHECKING FAN V-BEL T TENSION. Depressing the belt midway between

alternator and crankshaft disc , with a load of 11 to 15.4 lb. (5-7 kg .)
deflection must be .39 to .59 in . (10 to 15 mm .). Adjust by slackening
alternator retaining screws and pulling alternator body until correct
tautness is obtained.

10. CHECKING BATTERY ELECTROLYTE LEVEL. Stop engine with tractor

level while the battery is cold; check for electrolyte level which should
exceed the plates by .39 to .59 in . (10-15 mm .). When electrolyte level
is low, fill up with distilled water only .

65
11. CLEANING THE FUEL PUMP FIL TEA. Slacken fuel pump cover and
clean the filter inside .

12. CLEANING HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FILTER. Take off filter element, wash
it in solvent. Prior to remounting, let it dry. Wash magneti c cartridge
fixed on the cover and filter body . Use new seal to insure proper fit.

After Every 250 Hours ' Operation:

13. CHANGING CRANKCASE OIL. While engine is still warm remove the
plu g indi cated on the fi gu re and drain the oil. Fi ll with fresh oil through
fill er hol e shown at maintenance operations 1.

66
14~ REPLACING OIL FIL TEA. Unscrew the assembled filter a11d replace it.

15. REPLACING FUEL FIL TEA CARTRDIGE. Unscrew filter fixing screw and
take off filter cartridge.
Should even after eleme nt replacement the fuel supply still be un-
satisfactory, change the safety filter element.

16. FRONT WHEEL BALL-BEARINGS LUBRICATION. Take off the caps. Fill
them with lubricant grease. When operating on muddy ground lubricate
the tractor more frequently.

67
17. CHECKING OIL LEVEL IN TRANSMISSION HOUSING. It should be
checked with rod A. If needed , service with oil through screw hole B.

68
18. CHECKING FINAL DRIVE OIL. Oil must reach plug hole 1 shown on
figure.

19. STEERING CASE. Check if oil reaches control plug shown on the figure .
If nec essary, fill with oil.

69
20. CLUTCH PEDAL FREE TRAVEL ADJUSTMENT. Free travel , which pedal
must perfo rm before main clutch disengagement is of .98 to 1.38 in .
(25-35 mm .) . When this travel is below .98 in. (25 mm .) it has to be
adjusted in order to avo id clutch slipping :
- detac h fork B from lever C by taking off pin D.
- loosen fork counternut B and unscrew the rod one complete rod
turn; peda l travel in c reases by .39 in. (1 cm.).
- Fi x for k B to lever C and tighten counternut.
- c heck up , if pedal travel is of 1.38 in . (35 mm .).
If pedal free travel must also be adjusted before p .t.o. clutch disengage-
ment , pro ceed as follows :
- dismount the cover fi xed to transmission housing right side;
- adjust play F between clutch release levers G and screws E to .57
in . (1.5 mm). To bring levers and screws just in front of the port, rotate
the clutch by means of a lever.

70
21. BRAKE PEDAL TRAVEL ADJUSTMENT. Free travel must be sa me for
both brakes being 1.97 in . (50 mm .). When the travel of one pedal differs
from that of the other one, adjust as follow s :
- apply the han dbrake. ·
- tighten fully screw A, then slacken them by a turn and a half and
fasten th em in this position with couf)ternuts .
- slacken counternuts B, th en uns crew rods C until the peda l travel is
negligib le. Screw the rods by two turns so that pedal tra vel be of
about 1.97 in . (50 mm.). Secure the cou nternuts.

After Every 500 Hou rs ' Operation :

22. CHECKING THE INJECTORS. Injection pressure must be of 3200 to

3342 PSI (230± 5 kp / sq. c m. ) Th is check sho uld be done by yo ur Long
dealer.

23. REMOVING FOREIGN MATERIAL FROM FUEL TANK. When fuel tank is
almost em pt y take off the plu g indi cated on the figure in order to remove
foreign matter.

71
24. ADJUSTMENT OF VALVE TAPPET CLEARANCE. Should be done by
skil led maintenance man . The clea rance between valves and valve
tappets must be of .0098 in . (0.25 mm .) when engine is c old .

After Every 1000 Hours ' Operation :

25. CLEANING THE COOLING SYSTEM. Drain cooling system when the
engine is warm by opening the taps shown on the figure . (Draining is
easier with radiator cap remov ed.) When engine is cold pour in a solution
of 2.2 gals. (1 O I) water and 5.5 lb. (250 g.) soda filtered through a
cloth . Run the tractor for an hour. Dra in the cooling system . When
engine has cooled down , fill the radiator with water keeping the taps
o pen. Shut the taps , fill with water, start the engine for some minu tes
and then drain .
When engine has cooled down , fill cooling system with antifreeze solution
up to the level.

72
26. OIL CHANGE IN TRANSMISSION HOUSING. Take off the plugs indicated
on the figure and drain . Clean filter cartridge . Refill with fresh oil up
to the level, start the en-gine for some minutes , then stop it. Check oil
level and , if needed , refill.

27 • OIL CHANGE IN FINAL DRIVE HOUSINGS. Loosen plug 2 on figure 18.

Drain and refill.

28. STARTING MOTOR. Have your Long Dealer check the starter.

29. CHANGE SEALED FUEL FILTER CARTRIDGE. Have a trained service-

man perform this.

73
 LONG 460 DT Tractor

The 460 OT tractor is an all-w heel drive ve rsion of the 460 tractor. Due to its
high traction potential it is suitab le for farmi ng operations on loose ground .

This section of the instruction book includes the description of the 460 OT
tractor as wel l as the service ins tru ctions for its front axle dri ve. For com pon ents
comm on with the 560 , description and instruct ion are give n in the front part of
this book.

74

~---· ~ ~~~~=====================================
Fig . 37 - 460 OT Tractor

75
 Technical Data

Model. .. ... ... .... .. .... .. .. .......... ... ........... .... ... ... ... ...... ... . 460 OT

Type ... .. .... ... ...... ..... ........... .. .... ....... ..... ... .. ............... all-purpose tractor with 4-wheel
drive , mean power.

Tractor weight :
with oil , fuel and water ... .... ... ... ........ ... ........ ..... 4862 lb (2210 kp )

- - - - 46-74 .8

- - - - 78.7 - - - - ~
- - - - - - - - 133.9 - - - - - - - . - 1

Fig. 38 - Ove rall dimensions

(3 400 mm ) = 133.9 in (1200-1900 mm ) = 46-74 .8 in

(2000 mm ) = 78.7 in {1430 mm) = 56.3 in

(1430 mm ) 56.3 in (270 mm ) = 10. 6 in

FRONT AXLE DRIVE

cons ists of a reduct ion gear, cardanic shaft, diffe rential and ball -and -socket
joints .
(
Kinemati c diagram of front axle drive is given on figure 39.

76
I
 r.-·t ,

©111 ~:s
\R

Fig. 39 - Kinematic diagram of the 460 OT Tractor front axle drive

R. Reduction gear - C. Cardan -shaft - D. Differential - A. Joint.
Transmission ratio: reduction gear 2.108
differential 5.857

- -·····--·- -- - -
 WHEELS A ND TIRES
The whee ls have pn eumatic t ires, discs and roll ed sheet-s teel rim s.

Tire d ime nsions:

fro nt : 8.3 x 24 (W ?-24 rim )

rear : 18.4 x 24 (15L-28 rim)

In flat ion of 8.3 x 24 tire is 22 ps i.

Infl ati on of 18.4 x 28 tir e is 20 psi .

CAUT IO N !

Inc rease infl atio n in w ater-fi lled ti res by three ps i to ob tain better
trac tion.

STEE RING (f ig. 41 )

The servo-steerin g the 46 0 OT trac to r is provided wi th cuts steering effort
down. Due to its road-h ol d ing c hara cteristics it makes stee rin g stab le abso rbi ng
the jolts and shocks to which th e tra ctor w heels are exposed w hen trave ling
over stones on roug h and uneven grou nd.
i.
Th e serv o-mec hanis m co nsists of : - hydraulic pu mp
- press ure valve
- powe r cyli nd er
- linkage

Hyd rauli c gear pump, Warner-Motive type SR16B5CS41 L capaci ty : 5 gp m @

2000 rpm @ 100 ps i.

Pressu re valve : ad j usted to a pressu re of 1425 psi.

Power cylin der (fig. 43) ; doub le-a cting, placed on le ft hand side of the tractor.

Fig . 44 & 45 show how the power cylinder operates on ri gh t and left hand
turns .

78
I
~ - ~·-~-~~-'======================================
 s

Fig. 41 - Servo -Steering of the 460 D T Tractor

1. Lever, left steering knuckle; 2. Reservoir; 3. Pump; 4. Lever, right steering-knuckle;
~ 5. Tie- rod; 6. Power cylinder ; 7. Drag link; 8. Steering lever.
['

CX>
0 SP SR

Fig . 42 - Hydraulic fluid circulation diagra m

A. Engine is running and tractor moving straight forward .

B. Pressure valve opens - at extreme pressure (e .g.: when direction cannot be changed on account of a blocked
wheel).

C. Return valve opens - at change of direction , when engine is stalling or hydraulic pump defective.
P - pump; R - reservoir; S - servo-steering cylinder; SP - pressure valve; SR - return valve.
 Fig . 43 - Power cylinder
1. Cylinder ; 2. Cover ; 3 . Rod ; 4. Di stributor rod ; 5. Tube; 6. Distributor bod y; 7. Piston ; 8. Cylind e r cover ; 9. Spring;
10. Case; 11 . Bushing ; 12. Spring ; 13. Special screw; 14. Cup ; 15. Pivot; 16. Spring cup; 17. Bushing; 18. Connection;
19. Pipe; 20. Plate; 21. Bushing ; 22. Connection; 23. Elbow.

(X)
....I.
rf
I
I

(X)
I\.)

Fig. 44 - Right turning

Fig. 45 - Left turnin g

Tractor operating

Front axle is actuated by the lever shown on figure 47.

Fig. 47 - Fron t axle drive control lever

1- disengaged; 2- engaged .

CAUTION!
When driving on roads , it is not advisable to use the
front axle drive .

83
Tractor maintenance

The following periodical maintenance operat ions are specific for the tractor
460 DT.

After Every 60 Hours' Operation :

1. U-JOINT. Clean the greasers indi ca ted and pump NLGI #2 grease .

84
 2. FRONT AXLE JOINT. Clean the greaser indicated and pump NLGI # 2
grease .

After Every 120 Hours ' Operation:

3. DIFFERENTIAL. Check the oil level with the d ipstick fitted on plug A.
If needed, complete with SAE 90 EP oil for winter and SAE 80 W oil
for summer .

85
After Every 250 Hours ' Operation:

4. FRONT WHEEL TAPER ROLLER BEARINGS : clean the greaser on the

right whe,el, and pump NLGI #2 grease in . The same should be repeated
for the left wheel.

5. FRONT AXLE JOINT CASES . Clean the greaser of the right joint and
pump NLGI # 2 grease type in. The same should be repeated for the left
joint.

CAUTION!
After assembly, fill the joint cases with NLG/ # 2 grease
through the plug.

After Every ·1000 Hours' Operation:

6. DIFFERENTIAL. Change the oil. Take plug B off and drain the oi l. Refi ll
with SAE 90 EP oil for winter and SAE 80 W oil for summer.

86
 GUIDE TO LIFTER USE

IMPLEMENT Rem a rk s

Link anchor Adjustable Gauge Sideway limiting

Soil nature holes Required use link support wheel chains

Mouldboard plows
loose 1 or 2
- Sing le- furr o w (one-w ay or medium 2 or 3 draft con tr o l unin se rted no slac k
two-wa y) c omp ac t 3 or 4
loose 2
- Two -furrow (one-w ay o r mediu m 3 draft c ontrol un in se r ted no slac k
two-w ay ) c ompa c t 4 Ad jus t c ha ins so
loose that the i mp le ment
3
is allowed lim ited
- Three furro w medium 4 draf t con trol u n inse rt ed no s lac k
sidew ay 2-2.5"
compac t
(5-6 c m). Wh en in
the ra ised posi-
Disc plow s tion. imple m ent
- !wo-di sc - 3 draft c on tr o l un inse r ted no slack mu st not mo ve
sidewa ys
- thr ee-disc - 4 dra ft co n tro l uninse rt ed no slac k excessively .
Harrows (~lad e, tooth or disc typ e) - 3 or 4 d raft con t rol un inse rted no slac k
Ripper - 3 or 4 draft con tro l un inse rt ed no s lack
Cultivators - 3 or 4 draft c ontro l uninse rt ed no slack
(of any ty pe)
Ditchers - 3 or 4 draft c ontro l un inserted no s lac k Du ring wo r k move the
Weeders , - 3 or 4 posi tion co ntrol uninse rt ed yes ta ut lever ful l way down .
ridgers , etc.
If the imp lemen t has
Carried seed drill s and manure - 3 or 4 posi ti o n co ntro l inse rted yes / no taut
w hee ls. during work
spre ad ers
move the lever full
Grader blades, aug e r s, manure forks , - 3 or 4 posi ti on control in sert ed no taut way down .
rear mounted transport boxes, etc .
Mower bars (side and rear mounted), - 3 or 4 posi tion co ntro l inserte d no taut
The additional powe r
hay rakes and tedders, etc.
outlet un it mu st be
Front loader - - - - - - appl ied.

CAU TI ON : Reduce sensltlvity by su it ab ly selling lhe leve l (3 fig. 23). These ind i cations canno t be hel d as llxed ru les since lhe
0) di ff ere n t wo rk 1echnlques and the dlvers ll le d charactedslics o l the imp lements an d soll may req uire parlfcu lar provlslona
---.I tha t on ly ex peri ence can suggest case by case.