graphics.

h
This interface provides access to a simple graphics library that makes it possible to draw lines,
rectangles, ovals, arcs, polygons, images, and strings on a graphical window.

Functions
initGraphics() Creates the graphics window on the
initGraphics(width, height)  screen.
drawArc(bounds, start, sweep) Draws an elliptical arc inscribed in
drawArc(x, y, width, height, start, sweep)  a rectangle.
fillArc(bounds, start, sweep) Fills a wedge-shaped area of an
fillArc(x, y, width, height, start, sweep)  elliptical arc.
drawImage(filename, pt)
Draws the image from the specified
drawImage(filename, x, y)
drawImage(filename, bounds) file with its upper left corner at the
drawImage(filename, x, y, width, height)  specified point.

getImageBounds(filename)  Returns the bounds of the image

contained in the specified file.
drawLine(p0, p1) Draws a line connecting the
drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1)  specified points.
Draws a line of length r in the
drawPolarLine(p0, r, theta)
drawPolarLine(x0, y0, r, theta)  direction theta from the initial
point.
drawOval(bounds) Draws the frame of a oval with the
drawOval(x, y, width, height)  specified bounds.
fillOval(bounds) Fills the frame of a oval with the
fillOval(x, y, width, height)  specified bounds.
drawRect(bounds) Draws the frame of a rectangle with
drawRect(x, y, width, height)  the specified bounds.
fillRect(bounds) Fills the frame of a rectangle with
fillRect(x, y, width, height)  the specified bounds.
drawPolygon(polygon)
drawPolygon(polygon, pt) Draws the outline of the specified
drawPolygon(polygon, x, y)  polygon.
fillPolygon(polygon)
fillPolygon(polygon, pt)
Fills the frame of the specified
fillPolygon(polygon, x, y)  polygon.

Draws the string str so that its

drawString(str, pt)
drawString(str, x, y)  baseline origin appears at the
specified point.
 Returns the width of the
getStringWidth(str)  string str when displayed in the
current font.
setFont(font)  Sets a new font.
getFont()  Returns the current font.
setColor(color)  Sets the color used for drawing.

getColor() 
Returns the current color as a string
in the form "#rrggbb".

saveGraphicsState()  Saves the state of the graphics

context.
Restores the graphics state from the
restoreGraphicsState()  most recent call
to saveGraphicsState().

getWindowWidth()  Returns the width of the graphics

window in pixels.

getWindowHeight()  Returns the height of the graphics

window in pixels.

repaint()  Issues a request to update the

graphics window.

pause(milliseconds)  Pauses for the indicated number of

milliseconds.

waitForClick()  Waits for a mouse click to occur

anywhere in the window.

setWindowTitle(title)  Sets the title of the primary graphics

window.

getWindowTitle()  Returns the title of the primary

graphics window.
Closes the graphics window and
exitGraphics()  exits from the application without
waiting for any additional user
interaction.

Function detail
void initGraphics();
void initGraphics(int width, int height);
Creates the graphics window on the screen. The first form creates a window with a default size
of 500x300; the second allows the client to specify the size of the window. The call
to initGraphics must precede any console output or calls to other functions in this interface.
Usage:

initGraphics();
initGraphics(width, height);

void drawArc(GRectangle bounds, double start, double sweep);

void drawArc(double x, double y, double width, double height,
double start, double sweep);
Draws an elliptical arc inscribed in a rectangle. The parameters x, y, width, and height (or,
equivalently, the GRectangle bounds) specify the coordinates and dimensions of the bounding
rectangle. The start parameter indicates the angle at which the arc begins and is measured in
degrees counterclockwise from the +x axis. Thus, a start angle of 0 indicates an arc that begins
along the line running eastward from the center, a start angle of 135 begins along the line
running northwest, and a start angle of -90 begins along the line running south.
The sweep parameter indicates the extent of the arc and is also measured in degrees
counterclockwise. A sweep angle of 90 defines a quarter circle extending counterclockwise from
the start angle, and a sweep angle of -180 defines a semicircle extending clockwise.

Usage:

drawArc(bounds, start, sweep);

drawArc(x, y, width, height, start, sweep);

void fillArc(GRectangle bounds, double start, double sweep);

void fillArc(double x, double y, double width, double height,
double start, double sweep);
Fills a wedge-shaped area of an elliptical arc. The parameters are interpreted in the same way as
those for drawArc.

Usage:

fillArc(bounds, start, sweep);

fillArc(x, y, width, height, start, sweep);

void drawImage(string filename, GPoint pt);

void drawImage(string filename, double x, double y);
void drawImage(string filename, GRectangle bounds);
void drawImage(string filename, double x, double y,
double width, double
height);
Draws the image from the specified file with its upper left corner at the specified point. The
forms of the call that include the bounds scale the image so that it fits inside the specified
rectangle.

Usage:

drawImage(filename, pt);
 drawImage(filename, x, y);
drawImage(filename, bounds);
drawImage(filename, x, y, width, height);

GRectangle getImageBounds(string filename);

Returns the bounds of the image contained in the specified file. Only the width and height
components of the rectangle are of interest; the x and y components are always 0.

Usage:

GRectangle bounds = getImageBounds(filename);

void drawLine(GPoint p0, GPoint p1);

void drawLine(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1);
Draws a line connecting the specified points.

Usage:

drawLine(p0, p1);
drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1);

GPoint drawPolarLine(GPoint p0, double r, double theta);

GPoint drawPolarLine(double x0, double y0, double r, double
theta);
Draws a line of length r in the direction theta from the initial point. The angle theta is
measured in degrees counterclockwise from the +x axis. The function returns the end point of the
line.

Usage:

GPoint p1 = drawPolarLine(p0, r, theta);

GPoint p1 = drawPolarLine(x0, y0, r, theta);

void drawOval(GRectangle bounds);

void drawOval(double x, double y, double width, double height);
Draws the frame of a oval with the specified bounds.

Usage:

drawOval(bounds);
drawOval(x, y, width, height);

void fillOval(GRectangle bounds);

void fillOval(double x, double y, double width, double height);
Fills the frame of a oval with the specified bounds.

Usage:
 fillOval(bounds);
fillOval(x, y, width, height);

void drawRect(GRectangle bounds);

void drawRect(double x, double y, double width, double height);
Draws the frame of a rectangle with the specified bounds.

Usage:

drawRect(bounds);
drawRect(x, y, width, height);

void fillRect(GRectangle bounds);

void fillRect(double x, double y, double width, double height);
Fills the frame of a rectangle with the specified bounds.

Usage:

fillRect(bounds);
fillRect(x, y, width, height);

void drawPolygon(Vector<GPoint> polygon);

void drawPolygon(Vector<GPoint> polygon, GPoint pt);
void drawPolygon(Vector<GPoint> polygon, double x, double y);
Draws the outline of the specified polygon. The optional pt or x and y parameters shift the
origin of the polygon to the specified point.

Usage:

drawPolygon(polygon);
drawPolygon(polygon, pt);
drawPolygon(polygon, x, y);

void fillPolygon(Vector<GPoint> polygon);

void fillPolygon(Vector<GPoint> polygon, GPoint pt);
void fillPolygon(Vector<GPoint> polygon, double x, double y);
Fills the frame of the specified polygon. The optional pt or x and y parameters shift the origin of
the polygon to the specified point.

Usage:

fillPolygon(polygon);
fillPolygon(polygon, pt);
fillPolygon(polygon, x, y);

void drawString(string str, GPoint pt);

void drawString(string str, double x, double y);
Draws the string str so that its baseline origin appears at the specified point. The text appears in
the current font and color.

Usage:

drawString(str, pt);
drawString(str, x, y);

double getStringWidth(string str);

Returns the width of the string str when displayed in the current font.

Usage:

double width = getStringWidth(str);

void setFont(string font);

Sets a new font. The font parameter is a string in the form family-style-size. In this
string, family is the name of the font family; style is either missing (indicating a plain font) or
one of the strings Bold, Italic, or BoldItalic; and size is an integer indicating the point
size. If any of these components is specified as an asterisk, the existing value is retained.
The font parameter can also be a sequence of such specifications separated by semicolons, in
which the first available font on the system is used.

Usage:

setFont(font);

string getFont();
Returns the current font.

Usage:

string font = getFont();

void setColor(string color);

Sets the color used for drawing. The color parameter is usually one of the predefined color
names from
Java: BLACK, BLUE, CYAN, DARK_GRAY, GRAY, GREEN, LIGHT_GRAY, MAGENTA, ORANGE, PINK, 
RED, WHITE, or YELLOW.

The case of the individual letters in the color name is ignored, as are spaces and underscores, so
that the Java color DARK_GRAY could be written as "Dark Gray".

The color can also be specified as a string in the form "#rrggbb" where rr, gg, and bb are

pairs of hexadecimal digits indicating the red, green, and blue components of the color.
Usage:

setColor(color);

string getColor();
Returns the current color as a string in the form "#rrggbb". In this string, the values rr, gg,
and bb are two-digit hexadecimal values representing the red, green, and blue components of the
color, respectively.

Usage:

string color = getColor();

void saveGraphicsState();
Saves the state of the graphics context. This function is used in conjunction
with restoreGraphicsState() to avoid changing the state set up by the client.

Usage:

saveGraphicsState();

void restoreGraphicsState();
Restores the graphics state from the most recent call to saveGraphicsState().

Usage:

restoreGraphicsState();

double getWindowWidth();
Returns the width of the graphics window in pixels.

Usage:

double width = getWindowWidth();

double getWindowHeight();
Returns the height of the graphics window in pixels.

Usage:

double height = getWindowHeight();

void repaint();
Issues a request to update the graphics window. This function is called automatically when the
program pauses, waits for an event, waits for user input on the console, or terminates. As a result,
most clients will never need to call repaint explicitly.
Usage:

repaint();

void pause(double milliseconds);

Pauses for the indicated number of milliseconds. This function is useful for animation where the
motion would otherwise be too fast.

Usage:

pause(milliseconds);

void waitForClick();
Waits for a mouse click to occur anywhere in the window.

Usage:

waitForClick();

void setWindowTitle(string title);

Sets the title of the primary graphics window.

Usage:

setWindowTitle(title);

string getWindowTitle();
Returns the title of the primary graphics window.

Usage:

string title = getWindowTitle();

void exitGraphics();
Closes the graphics window and exits from the application without waiting for any additional
user interaction.

Usage:

exitGraphics();