MARIA MONTESSORI

CENTRAL SCHOOL

INTEGRATED PROJECT FOR

ENGLISH

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 THE
TARNISHED
BEAUTY
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INDEX

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 INTRODUCTION TO
POLLUTION
Pollution is an undesirable change in the physical,
chemical or biological characteristics of the
environment.Pollution causes harmful effects on life or
can become potential health hazard for any living
organisms.
Pollution is thus direct or indirect change in any
component of the biosphere that is harmful to the living
organism.Pollution greatly affects the natural features of
environment.

WHAT ARE POLLUTANTS

Any substance which causes pollution is called a
pollutant. A Pollutant may include any chemical
substance,biotic components or its products, or physical
factor like heat which is released into the environment in
such a concentration that may have adverse harmful or
unpleasant effects effects on the environment. Three
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factors determine the severity of a pollutant: its chemical
nature, the concentration and the longivity.

Pollutants are mainly the residues of things we use and

throw away. There are many sources of such pollutants.
The lakes and rivers are polluted by water from chemical
and other factories, and the air by gases of automobile
exhausts, industries, thermal power plants etc. There has
been a serious concern all over the world about the rivers
turning murky, fish rotting on sea shores, tree withering,
cities choking with foul air, toxic chemicals being cycled
into food stuffs and disease epidemics appearing so
frequently.

TYPES OF POLLUTANTS
 Deposited matter such as smoke,tar,dust,etc.
 Gases such as Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, carbon
monoxide, chlorine, etc.
 Gases such as Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, carbon
monoxide, chlorine, etc.
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 Acids droplet such as Sulphuric acid, nitric acid etc.
 Metals such as Mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, etc.
 Agrochemicals such as pesticides, herbicides,
fungicides, weedicides, fertilisers, etc.
 Solid domestic wastes
 Radioactive waste
 Noise
 Light
 Plastic

TYPES OF POLLUTION
Types of pollutions are classified in different ways. On
the basis of the type of environment being polluted, we
may classify as air pollution, water pollution, land
pollution, marine pollution, noise pollution, etc. On the
basis of the kind of pollutant involved, we may have
sulphur dioxide pollution, fluoride pollution, carbon
monoxide pollution, smoke pollution, lead pollution,

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mercury pollution, solid waste pollution, radioactive
pollution, thermal pollution etc.

NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF

THE PROJECT
In this fast changing and ever evolving world we are
forgetting about our mother nature. Nature provides
eveything we need to survive, but we are not protecting
oue life survivor. We are dumping our wastes into the
nature. Our carelessness is leeding us to great dangers.
From here onwards we do not have a moment to waste.
We have to do something for our nature and fast. For
this, the awareness and the cooperation of the people is
very important. To provide them with this knowledge
and awareness this type of projects, public classes,
seminars, etc. are required. If each and every homo
sapiens of the world decides not to pollute the
environmenment, then there is no other power which
can pollute it.

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OBJECTIVES TO PREVENT
POLLUTION
 Reuse
 Recycle
 Reduce
 Waste management
 Compost
 Use unleaded gasoline in your cars
 Keep your car properly maintained to keep it in good
running condition to avoid smoke emissions.
 Never use open fires to dispose of wastes.
 Take very good care of your pets and their wastes.
 Do not make loud noises and unwanted sounds to
avoid noise pollution.
 Do not litter in public places.

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  Industries should use fuel with lower sulphur content
and should be processed before releasing.

METHODOLOGY
SURVEY METHOD
AND
REFERENCE METHOD

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

History of pollution

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Air pollution has always accompanied civilizations.
Pollution started from prehistoric times when man
created the first fires. According to a 1983 article in the
journal Science, soot found on ceilings of prehistoric
caves provides ample evidence of the pollution
associated with air in prehistoric times. The discovery of
metals appears to be a key turning point in the creation
of significant air pollution levels. But at that time the
pollution was comparatively small and could be handled
by nature easily. The pollution was also very low. The
conditions have changed. The world has evolved. Now
in each and every locaclity there are factories, cities, etc.
The pollution leval has increased a thousand times.
Starting from air the pollution spread like wildfire to
water, air, land, etc. The disease of pollution is spread
through out the world. It has grown like a weed and is
giving humanity the pen ultimate problems. Now it has
reached a phase where pollution has the capacity to
swallow whole of the Earth.

The main polluters of India are:

 Industrial wastes:
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 Industries release unwanted and untreated chemicals
into water and release unprocessed air into the
environment.
 Automobiles:
The ever increasing vehicular traffic density has
posed continuous threat to the ambient air quality.
There are over 300 million cars, trucks and buses in
the world over and their number is increasing
rapidly. They release CO, SO, NO, NO2, in an
uncalculated amount.
 Improper waste and garbage management:
Wastes are released unprocessed and are released
into water and soil, polluting it.
 Thermal power stations:
Thermal power stations release fly ash, SO 2,
hydrocarbons, etc which causes in acid rain and poor
air and land quality.
 Plastic:
Platic has become an unaviodable part of our earth.
It has become the biggest threat to our environment.
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 About 300 million tons of plastics are produced each
year and the total amount of plastics have reached to
about 500 billion metric tons. About 10 percent of
the plastic produced each year ends up in the Ocean.
It is estimated that 46,000 pieces of plastics are
present in every square mile of an ocean. The
greatest problem of plastic is that it is non-
biodegradable. Even in soil, plastic will degrade
only after millions of years. All these years plastic
will cause the maximum amount damage to our
ecosystems.

Plastics released into oceans Thermal power stations

In our socities plastics are burnt regularly in huge

numbers. It is simply thrown into the ground. Some
people dig the ground and leave it there untreated or
threw wastes into into the water. The water becomes
unusable for living beings .

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In some area people living near water bodies dump all
their wastes into the water. Agriculture runoffs by using
chemicals, DDT(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and
indusrtry wates are also getting to water sources. Water
is polluted and above all the water is getting unwanted
nutrients. The unwanted nutrients provide the impetus
for the growth of weeds. Weeds in no time cover the
entire water suface, this leads to the imptoper penetration
of sunlight into water and diffusion of water and oxygen
slows down. The weeds also consume all the remaining
oxygen in the water,thus harming all aquatic oraganisms
and leading to thier deaths and finally getting extinct
from that water body. If humans or any other organism
consumes these affected water it will harm them as well.
Consumeing these affected water will face huge
problems. The water will dry up quickly as well causing
ecological imbalance. The process of encrichment of
nutriets in water is known as eutrophication.

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 Over weed growth in Vellanjili todu near Ambalapuzha temple

In some areas people litter in open spaces. It is the

throwing of inappropriate man-made objects which are
left unremoved, onto public and private properties.
These littered things runoff into water bodies causing
water pollution or remains in the soil polluting it as well.
The place will also sting. It will be difficult to pass
through such areas.

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People near Karror littering in People littering in open places
public places in Wayanad

EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON HUMANS:

Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including

humans. Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease,
cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest pain,
and congestion. A 2010 analysis estimated that 1.2
million people died prematurely each year in China
because of air pollution. Oil spills can cause skin
irritations and rashes. Noise pollution induces hearing
loss, high blood pressure, stress, and sleep disturbance.
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Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits in
children and neurologic symptoms. Older people are
majorly exposed to diseases induced by air pollution.
Those with heart or lung disorders are at additional risk.
Children and infants are also at serious risk. Lead and
other heavy metals have been shown to cause
neurological problems. Chemical and radioactive
substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects.

Effects of pollution on the environment:

Pollution has been found to be present widely in the
environment. There are a number of effects of this:
 Biomagnification is a situations where toxins (such as
heavy metals) beocome diffused into the ecosystem.
 Carbon dioxide emissions cause ocean acidification,
making the water acidic destroying the balance
between base and acid.
 Invasive species (spiecies which are not native to a
place)can out compete native species and reduce
biodiversity.
 Nitrogen oxides are removed from the air by rain and
fertilises the land which can change the native species
composition of an ecosystem.

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 Smog(mixture of air and smoke) and haze can reduce
the amount of sunlight received by plants to carry out
photosynthesis and leads to the production of
tropospheric ozone (occurs when nitrogen
oxides,carbon monoxide and volatile, react in the
atmosphere in the presence of sunlight)which damages
plants immensly.
 Soil can become infertile and unsuitable for plants.

This will affect other organisms in the food web.

 Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain

which changes the pH value of soil.

 Greenhouse effect.
The phenomenon whereby the Earth’s atmosphere
traps solar radiation through gases like carbon dioxide,
methane, etc is known as greenhouse effect. The gases
are known as greenhouse gases.
Greenhouse effect is a natural effect without which the
Earth would be too cold to support life. An increase in
greenhouse gases in the nature has increased the global
temperatuers.
Excess greenhouse gases traps the Sun’s heat in the
Earth’s atmosphere, leading to an increase in the
average global temperature. This is known as Global
Warming.

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 Global warmimg leads to changes in rainfall patterns,
and hence cause frequent floods and droughts. Global
warming effects climate adversely, damaging
agriculture and biodiversity. It is also responsible for
the melting of ice at the poles of the Earth, causing an
increase in the sea level. This effects people around
the globe, especially those living near the shores and
also marine ecology.

Global temperature and Global temperature and

carbon dioxide levels it’s five year average

SUGGESTIONS
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Methods which can reduce pollution are:
 Pollution can be controlled only when each and
everyone around the globe decides not to pollute the
Earth. So the cooperation of the people is needed
and for that awareness is needed. Educating the
people thus becomes important.
 Using better and renewable energy. Cars can be
converted to become solar powered or electrically
powered, so that the fossil fuel usage is reduced.
Nuclear power production should be stopped.
Multipurpose hydroelectrical projects, solar
electricity projects, wind energy projects etc should
be implemented.
 Plastic usage should be controlled. Plastic is one of
the biggest threats to our earth. We cannot
completely stop the usage of plastic but we can
minimize its usage drastically. We can adopt
methods like using bio-plastics, glass, etc.
 Vehicles running by fossil fuels should be fitted with
a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter converts
harmfull gases into harmless ones. Vehicles should
also be properly maintained. Pollution checks should
be done regularly. Public transport, carpolls,
bicycles, etc should be encouraged.

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 Industries should treat it’s wastes before releasing
into the environment. Government enforced
pollution control rules should be properly impleted
and checked. Industries should be a fair distance
away from population.
 Proper waste management systems should be set up
and it should have the capacity to control the waste
of a large region effectievely. Bathing and washing
near water bodies shoul be allowed.
 The usage of Agrochemicals such as pesticides,
herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, bactericides,
weedicides, fertilisers, etc should be controlled.
Agriculture runoffs should be controlled. Eco-
friendly products usage should be encouraged.
 Planting trees. Trees can help us control pollution.
Tress are cut at an alarming rate and it should be
stopped. Afforestation, reforestation, minimizing
overgrazing, recycling paper, reducing forest fires
can improve the number of tree.
 International organisations for controlling pollution
should be promoted and encouraged. Some such
organisations are Worldwide Pollution Control
Association (WPCA), United Nations Global Issues
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(UNGI), National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), Environmental
Protection Agency(EPA), etc. An internatioanl
union of countries met in Paris on april 2016 for
taking initiatives for pollution and climate change.
More than 155 countries have joined the program.
They have made plans to improve the condition of
earth by 2020. Such initiatives should be given high
priority and should be encouraged.

CONCLUSION
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Much is being done to control, monitor and rectify the
damage done by pollutants. The problems are diverse
and some of them are only being recognised but it is
important to keep a close control over pollutants so that
we can maintain the environment in an acceptable
condition for the future generations. We need to take the
issue of pollution seriously because ignorance is
certainly not the proper way to go forward with. The
stakes are really high and the world needs to wake up
and start acting right now. Aren't we aware of the
different problems occurring in our nature? We, humans
are creating problems that we alone will have to carry
it’s burden on our shoulders. We all know how
important environment is for us.We, humas are part of
this ecological balance,so if one of the factor is disturbed
we are the only at loss. So,
Act. Act right now. For a better future. For a
healthy survival.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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 www.wikipedia.org

 answers.wiki.com

 scholar.google.co.in

 www.ask.com

 britannia.co.in

 images.google.com

 www.answers.com

 in.answers.yahoo.com

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