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A Study on Nestle Promotion Strategy

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 A Study on Nestle Promotion Strategy
Padmalini Singh1, Liem Gai Sin2, Nur Shafiqah Binti Kama’Aziri3, Oh Zi Jian4, Nur
Amiera Sofea Binti Mohd Azlan5, Putri Nur Illya Balkhis Binti Ibrahim6, Dave Hoo
Sheng7, Daisy Mui Hung Kee8, Joseph Tan Soo Heng9, Liew Siaw Wee10, Lim York
Ying11
RV Institute of Management, Bangalore, India1
CA 17, 36th Cross Rd, 4th T Block East, Jayanagara 9th Block, Jayanagar, Bengaluru,
Karnataka 560041, India
Ma Chung University2
Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, City of Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Batu Lanchang Vocational College3,4,5,6
Kolej Vokasional Batu Lanchang, 11600 Jelutong, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia7,8,9,10,11
Jalan Sg Dua, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Correspondence Email: singhpadmalini@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3617-3774

ABSTRACT

This study aims to identify the most effective promotional medium used by Nestle. Nestle
is the most successful manufacture which processes high quality and nutrition food and
beverage to the Malaysians. To inspire consumers to purchase their products, Nestle
must transform their promotional strategies frequently. A research will be conducted to
collect information from respondent based on different characteristics to identify which is
the most effective promotional medium used by Nestle. Through this research, we
establish that the most effective promotional medium is Buy 1 Get 1 under sales
promotion that helps consumers save more money. We have applied the implication idea
to Nestle that can satisfy the customers’ needs and achieve sales target.

Keywords: Nestle, a promotional tool, research, achieve target sales

INTRODUCTION

Nestle is a multinational company and now has become the largest food and beverage
company in the world. Nestle has more than 2000 brands that present in 196 countries
around the world (Reza, 2020, P.1145). The founder of Nestle is Heinrich Nestle and
introduced in Vevey, Switzerland in the year of 1866. In 1912, Nestle went into the
Malaysian market, whose headquarters are in Mutiara Damansara, Petaling Jaya,
Selangor. Nestle has had some expertise in the food and drink industry and has some
notable brands in Malaysia which are Nescafe, Maggi, Milo, and Kit Kat. All of these
products have been categorized as Halal products to fulfill the Malaysian market.

Nestle Milo, the milk beverage with chocolate and malt has remained popular among
young and elderly people. This is because the price of Milo is relatively cheaper than the
other chocolate beverage. Besides its delicious taste, Milo also contains a lot of nutrient
needed by body.

Nestle Nescafe has become one of the famous espresso brands in the world, and it is
accessible in numerous assortments to suit all preferences of individuals. A lot of people

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like Nestle Nescafe product due to the varieties of flavor. Besides, Nestle Nescafe has a
good aroma which make people to love it. The price of this product is also suitable and
can be afforded by all classes in Malaysia.

Nestle Maggi is a worldwide seasonings brand, instant soups, and noodles. Maggi has
become a product which makes good-tasting and nutritious food for busy people.
Nowadays, a lot of people use Nestle Maggi in their cooking to make it delicious. Maggie
instant noodle also popular among people due to the delicious taste and easy making
process. Along these lines, The Malaysian like all Nestle products due to the quality and
assortment. Nestle has become the product needed by all people to meet their daily
needs. This is inseparable form Nestle promotion strategy which becomes an important
factor in attracting public interest.

Market Opportunity Analysis

Nestle is a large food and beverage company, their early product is milk-based baby
food. Nestle production emphasize on healthy and Nestle emphasizes producing a
healthy and good product. However, the company has decided to produce other products
such as coffee, frozen food, and chocolates. Nestle has intent to increase the product
lines to satisfy their customers. Since the product lines have been increased, Nestle
expands the customers target to maximize the revenue of the company. Nestle's
marketing segmentation is based on demographics such as income, age, gender, and
education. The breadwinner is always the target of Nestle because most of the product
is for family. The price of Nestle's products is a common, therefore the customers target
is people with mid-point salary because they have the basic purchasing power. Based
on age demographic, Nestle’s target is all age customers, because of large line products,
started from milk-based baby food, cookies, and cereal.

Nestle also launches its products in tropical throughout the year such as Malaysia,
Thailand, Singapore and the products Nescafe focus on are ice cream. They intended to
lower the calories and fats on ice cream and to help customers to control their blood
pressure, but still retaining the good taste of ice cream. They serve delicious and nutrient-
rich products (Green,2006) This market segmentation is based on geography to provide
the products that satisfy their needs. On the other hand, Nestle intended to launch its
products inside the universities because they realize university students are always
finding a cheaper item to save their own cost. Thus, Nestle decides to cooperate with
convenience stores in the university to launch its products at lower prices to students.
The purpose of Nestlé is to be a trusted leader and commits to providing “Good Food,
Good Life” (Nestlé SA, 2018)

Furthermore, Nestle uses differentiated markets to increase its product lines to fulfil
customers' demands. The market segmentation is based on climates, occupation, and
age to provide different products for maximizing revenue and improving the loyalty of
customers. For example, Nestle produces Coco Crunch as a breakfast for children and
teenagers. In addition, Nescafe Ice has been launched in tropical countries. Nescafe 3
in 1 is suitable for workers because it has an easy making process and no time-
consuming. Nestle constantly develops new products and enhances existing products
with creativity and innovation to meet the ever-changing customers (Bell, D. E, &
Shelman, M, 2008). Nestle maintains customers’ loyalty with good service and quality
products, they use a promotion strategy, offering low price to customers, but with good
products quality.

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We have learned that market segmentation is very important for a company to expand
its business. Market segmentation is crucial because it can lead Nestle to capture and
creates opportunities for market strategies to meet specific customer needs. Nestle has
a large product line to satisfy customer needs and requirements (Fonseca, 2011). Nestle
becomes creative and innovative company to produce many types of products. They
seize the opportunity and create a particular product for specific market segmentation.
This is the most an effective way to maximize revenue.

Political Environment
The position of political environment in global business has led to significant progress.
The impact of political factors on global trade has grown rapidly more than ever. (Pratap,
A., 2019). Economic relation among countries, the level of administrative and regulatory
oversight greatly effects companies which intend to reach global market, because every
economy of every nation is directly related to the democratic structure (Dhanesh and
Sriramesh, 2018, P.204).

Even so, as a global competitor, the same organizations are opened to ruling parties
from various parts of the world. They seem to be aware of the policies and regulation of
various countries which have fully-operational system. America still ranks as the country
with the largest industry in the world, but Nestle has its own rank in Asian countries.

Unstable political and economic conditions in a country, greatly effects the running of
business, thus, Government consistency is really needed in an increasingly competitive
industrial world. Democratic unrest could interfere industry and have an adverse
consequence for manufacturing process. In addition, the climate in also effect
manufacturing process.

Every switch in work system may have a major impact on business. Companies will be
vulnerable to impacts caused by climate laws and amendments. Only a few countries
are affected by functional migration to the region. Losing Nestlé means risking more than
300 positions, affecting the problematic British democratic system. Not all businesses
could affect project consistently, but Nestlé is capable. Now day, Nestlé must comply
with changes to dietary requirements and legislation and every other country has a
different set of rules.

There are many food companies are associated with the price increases of materials.
Therefore, most start to lessen the quantity of goods the organization produces. It is a
particular foods problem. Customers continue to buy chocolate products for, even it is in
higher price, not realizing that advertisers are reducing the amount of goods they get.
(Frue, K., 2020). In fact, the modern food industry is being largely inspired by both the
government and the judicial system. It is not the only politics in one nation to be operated
in another one.

Economic Environment
Democratic economy, socialism, mixed monetary order and the Islamic economic system
are several systems practiced in looking at the economic paradigm in a region. Every
arrangement applied may have different connotations in terms of corporate ownership,
rights to properties, business management, employee privileges, remuneration and
workers' compensation. In the competitive world, there are many market mechanisms,
including competition from conglomerates, competition from oligarchies, competition
from monopolies and domestic strategy. Competition will indirectly help business

62
associations improve the collective efficiency and productivity which should be
centralized. (Kabii, 2018)

Socio-culture is a combination of various values, ideologies, beliefs, patterns of behavior,

ideas and attitudes found in collectively way. Consideration has been given to both
material and non-material aspects, including the company run must get an aspiration
from community, and if the business is unable to meet the needs of the community, it will
not strive for profitability. Financial constraint becomes an essential way in evaluating
the effectiveness of Nestle company, because their target market is upper class and
middle-class community who have enough money to consume their products. In fact,
the level of income has a major factor in determining the price of a commodity, which will
play a role in determining the income, profit and product competitiveness. Price
fluctuation and economic condition such as inflation also have a big impact on
companies’ profitability. In addition, recognizing and calculating the massive scale of
production when structuring and managing are also the factors which cannot be ignored.
The recent financial damage has severely disrupted prospects for global markets, largely
due to the worldwide contraction and recession. This significantly affects inflationary
pressure through determinants of consumer spending. However, rehabilitation has been
accelerated, progress and prolonged centralization with different characteristics of global
market have further reinforced the need for growth and development.

The growth in market economies provides either surplus economic output and
productivity improvements that offer additional potential advantages. By investing
unparalleled resource capacity and R&D efficiency by simultaneous product launch and
redesign, Nestlé can enhance its comparative benefit. Through concentrating operations
in worldwide, Nestle is successful in countering the influence of volatility in the foreign
investment market on the export trade market.

Social Environment
The social environment is the relationship between society and entrepreneurs in which
entrepreneurs should be responsible for the society where their company work (Sharma
and Kiran, 2012, P.95). In business, the appraisal of social condition is inseparable from
community, because community who utilizes items and administrations made by
business association has the affectability. People in Malaysia have a priority in term of
race and theology. Business companies need to respect ethical values among
community, for example, food produced for Muslim community must have the label
‘Halal’ from Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM). The awareness of
variations, the desire of learning, recognize and understand the differences and
similarities of moral values practiced by society will facilitate business companies to
develop their business. As a manufacturer of finished products, Nestlé is very dependent
on customers’ loyalty. Thus, the corporate decides to take a position pointedly in its key
areas to protect the brand name and improve item allure.

There is a rising development towards better and healthful eating, that is expanding the
commercial center for sustaining food things, it can be loaded down with the possibility
to affect product offerings love chocolate drinks. The association has made solid strides,
for example, the securing of specific new companies and dynamic collisions, to fulfil the
needs of more beneficial clients thus to require a bit of leeway of ongoing business
patterns and openings.

Nestle should be quick to require a note of the different patterns and their outcome on

63
execution and will improve capability that may allow faster reaction and flexibility to plug
changes. With a sound cash asset base, it is reasonable for the corporate to chase
consolidations and acquisitions, that it is done viably, exploiting its experience during this
respect. During along these lines, it can quicken its expectation to absorb information
and ensure the accomplishment of activities, especially knowledge of the very certainty
that the business envelops an enormous exhibit of brands and an elegant in activity
lattice that is in themselves a significant test to oversee effectively.

Throughout the pandemic, Nestle has worked quite closely with the authorities and
business partners to safeguard the health of all workers, whereas maintaining business
continuity to fulfil the national obligations as a manufacturer of necessary foods and
beverages. Nestle is committed to do its part within the national response to the present
pandemic and can still help several Malaysians resolve their difficulties in these difficult
times. Nestle will keep on adding to the country's recuperation exertion through in
advancement operational exercises, the normal ventures and the relentless obligation to
helping the country.

Technology Environment
The advancement of innovation, especially the wise area of information can immediately
affect business associations. For instance, the activities of business associations
comparing to creation measures with the use of innovative and complex machines will
downsize human mistake and lower creation costs. Business exercises, for example, the
procurement and offer of items and administrations through electronic trade or "internet
business" can decrease costs and time (Hassan H.N., 2010)

Technologies are a very crucial part of R&D in Nestle. Nestlé spent almost 4.4 times on
R&D over Kraft Foods during 2009 (Traitler, Heribert and I.Sam, 2011, P.62). For
example, Nestle has developed technologies which enable for natural vegetable oils to
be utilized in Maggi broth and seasonings rather than partly hydrogenated fats. With
development of technology, Nestle will turn out healthier merchandise across the
products and therefore improve health and quality of life within the region.

Nestlé is pleased with the sustainability efforts of the organization. The company's
sustainability efforts have helped to minimize waste, reduce the use of packaging
materials and create the surroundings cleaner. Since 1991, the corporate has saved five
hundred million weight unit of packaging material by redesigning a packaging. Nestlé
uses recycled materials and prefers materials from property sources if it is possible. In
2016, one hundred and five of Nestlé 's factories had achieved minimal waste in
production, one amongst the most effective leads to the industry. A few of the company's
competitors might match the sustainability efforts of the company, leading a lower value
of production, the healthier surroundings and happier communities (Jureviciya O., 2017)

External influences in technologies would affect on business operations. Changes in

technology affect the approach of the organization. Businesses may need to modify their
operative strategy considerably as a result of changes within the technological
environment. Nestle is one of the world's leading food and drinks business (Lim, S, 2014)
A large range of various technologies has additionally been developed. Combustion and
antioxidants, emulsion, complex carbs, fluid reinforcement development, grain extract,
for example, plus mechanisms including segment injecting.

Meanwhile, the event of technology has had a positive impact on business organizations,

64
it's quite easy to say that it has negative or some effect such as an increased traffic jam,
air and water pollution as a result of industrial disposal, interaction with machines
compared to humans and more, it ought to be a concern to embrace a respective
profession. The drawbacks nor effects through futuristic and modern technology
regarding victimization was listed. The side effects and the use of the latest common and
emerging technology will be diminished at almost the same rate.

Within the quality assurance, the organization needs to create problems including its
inability to ensure an excellent result in dairy products which threaten the professional
image and also have an impact on prices. Throughout this respect, the company's
solution was tremendously reasonable to allow it to overcome this obstacle with success.
It seeks to determine the validity of the on-top including its assurance policy, to preserve
loyalty in its product.

In addition to the economic changes, changes in society including lifestyle modifications,

hobbies, freshly styles, and travel vacations are generally in rage on the nation. Food
choices are rapidly changing constantly. Chocolates which were considered to become
the tastes of youngsters are also being consumed by adolescents, teenagers and young
adults.

RESEARCH METHOD

There are three types of case study research that can be used, they are descriptive,
explanatory and exploratory (Yin, 1984, as cited in Noor, 2008, p.2). This research aims
to describe and identify the most effective promotional tool that Nestle has in their
marketing plan. The qualitative method is used in this research to describe and analyze
the outcome. The qualitative method is the most suitable approach as this research
involves more on the description task rather than the measurement task. The qualitative
method is focusing on the process and meaning which are not really examinable and
measurable (Denzin and Lincoln, 1994, p.3-5). Marriam (1988) suggested that qualitative
is mostly interested in discovery, insight and interpretation compared to hypothesis
testing.

A questionnaire in the type of google form was designed by researchers in this research
to identify which was the most effective promotional tool used by Nestle in promoting
their products to markets. The questionnaire consists of two parts which the first part is
about the demographic while the second part is to identify which the most effective
promotional tools. The questionnaire is employed with a 3-point scale where the
respondents need to indicate 1 which is represented by strongly disagree, 2 which is
represented by neutral and 3 which is represented by strongly agree, the degree of their
disagreement or agreement with the statements on the questionnaire. There are 50 set
questionnaires distributed to our respondents.

The data collected through questionnaires is analyzed descriptively. In this research,

Likert scale used to create the questionnaire where the degree of agreement 1,2,3
(strongly disagree, neutral and strongly agree respectively). Microsoft Office Excel
Worksheet and Microsoft Office Word are used to present and analyze the data and
result collected in the form of tables.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Nestle is a well-known as global brand, reaching the revenue target by improving the
lives of people by providing tastier and healthier food and beverage preferences at all
stages of life. However, even though the Nestle product is newly released in the market,
no one will recognize it without a promotional tool. Based on this research, we determine
that Nestle has used promotional tools such as personal selling, advertising, sales
promotion, and public relation. In order to identify the most effective promotional tools
used by Nestle, our group has generated some questions to collect all the data from the
100 respondents. The data below is the outcome of the survey.

Table 1. Demographics of Respondents (N=100)

Response Frequency Percentage (

%
)
Gender
Male 35 35
Female 65 65
Age
Below 20 years old 45 45
21-30 years old 46 46
31-40 years old 4 4
41-50 years old 5 5
51 years old and above 0 0

Based on the survey result, most of our respondents were female which is 65%. The
majority of our respondents (46%) were between 21-30 years old and 45% were
respondents below the age of 20. Most of our respondents are between generation Y
and generation Z because this generation has more exposure to electronic devices than
the older generation. Generation Y is born in the technology world and always follows
with technology daily development (Berkup, 2014, p.221). Levickaite (2010) stated that
Generation Z is also called as Digital Generation

Table 2. A survey on the most effective promotional tool that Nestles used (N=100)

Response Frequency Percentage

(%)
Do you heard about Nestle?
Yes 100 100
No 0 0
Do you ever use Nestle's Products?
Yes 100 100
No 0 0
Do you agree that the below listed Nestle's products was the favorite?
Milo 81 19
Maggie 79 18
Nescafe 70 16

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 Cereal (Fitness, Koko Krunch) 60 14
Ice-Cream (Drumstick, Potong) 63 15
Chocolate (KitKat) 75 18
Nestle had done many types of promotional tools. Do you agree that the promotional
tools
you usually see are those listed below?
Newspapers 34 14
Social Media 84 34
Mass Media 67 27
Billboards 51 20
Email 14 5
What is your favorite nestle promotion method?
Personal Selling 28 7
Advertise through mass media 38 10
Advertise through social media 58 15
Free Samples 68 18
Extra Value Offers 68 18
Buy 1 Free 1 80 21
Buy and Win Contest 42 11
How do you buy your Nestle's products?
Online Platforms 15 6
Convenience Store 68 27
Supermarket/Hypermarket 95 37
Grocery Stores 77 30

Based on the survey result, it shows that all respondents who are involved in this
questionnaire have previously heard about Nestle and bought their product. Since Nestle
is a popular brand and its product lines are wide, thus everyone is familiar with the
product of Nestle. Six categories of products by Nestle that had been displayed in the
market had been listed out in the questionnaire. A product that gets the highest
agreement from the respondents was Milo which is 19% compared to other products.
This is because Nestle has advertised Milo as a sports drink for children and teenagers.
The majority of the children love to take Milo as their breakfast meal before going to
school because Milo provides energy to them. Everyone has been familiar with Milo since
they were kids.

There are five types of promotional channels used by Nestle. The majority of the
respondents (34%) agree that social media is the platform that they more often saw the
advertisement. This is because most of the respondents spent a lot of time on social
media such as Facebook and Instagram. so it is easy to reach the target consumer if
Nestle advertised on social media. As many as 27% respondents chose mass
communication channels. It is the second-highest of the agreement because many
students and workers use their own transport to reach their destination, and the radio is
must-install equipment, so they have many chances to hear about Nestle’s product.

Nestle used seven types of promotional methods. According to the survey, we notice
that the most favorite method chosen by the respondents is Buy 1 Get 1 which was 21%,
everyone loves to get free items because it helps the consumer save more cost and get

67
items for free. The second highest favorite method chosen by the respondents were Free
Samples (18%) and Extra Value Offer (18%). Without a free sample, it is difficult to boost
Nestle’s sales. People might not be confident to try new products without giving a free
sample. Free samples can grab the attention of shoppers. In addition, Extra Value Offers
usually occur on special seasons such as feast day or weekends and the offer is to
encourage more shoppers to choose Nestle products compared to others.

Four options were provided in the question of “How do they buy their Nestle’s products?”
The majority of respondents (37%) buy Nestle’s products in supermarkets or
hypermarkets. This is because it is the easiest and fastest way for consumers to grab
Nestle products. Next, 30% of respondents buy their Nestle’s products from grocery
stores.

Idea Implication
Social media is one of the leading promotional channels which cause Nestle to be
successful. Without an effective promotional channel, Nestle might not achieve its profit
goal. Although effective promotional channels need much more expenses, it will bring
back a positive result, it can always increase the company’s sales and profit. Through
this, the dividend for the shareholders will also increase as the profit of the company
increases. Besides, this can also attract more investors to invest in the company with a
good return. Besides, email marketing is also done by Nestle, but the result is not
efficient. Most respondents argued that no email is received from Nestle about the
promotion, and many of them are not checking email every day. Thus, Nestle should
stop using this promotional channel as it is not effective. Nestle should invest more time
and capital in social media promotional channels to attract more buyers.

Buy 1 Get 1 is also the leading promotional method that caused Nestle to be successful.
Although Nestle needs to add more expenses in giving the gift, overall, the sales profit
will increase. So, it is also a good promotional method that can be used by Nestle to
increase sales. Besides, customers also like free samples and extra value offers. Even
though it has the risk to increase the expenses of the company, overall, it will also
increase the profit of the company.

CONCLUSIONS

Nestlé takes great steps to achieve its goal of becoming a leader in the Nutrition,
Wellness and Fitness business by providing higher performing goods to customers.
Nestlé often evaluates the needs of the consumer through start to end and also supports
customers as much as they can. Their expertise, just like significant economic ability,
strong strategic communication skills, good research and development and true
communication has assisted everyone clear some challenges. For all of this, the
organization focuses on its own goals and preserves stability when making sensible
steps that work while developing the market to produce the "Fresh Food, Healthy Life"
promise around the world.

Based on the data gathered from 100 respondents, it indicates that 100 respondents
have heard about Nestle and purchased their products. We have defined six types of
items that have been seen on the market, such as Milo, Maggie, Nescafe, Cereal
(Fitness, Coco Crunch), Ice Cream (Drumstick) and Chocolate (Kit Kat), for the
respondents to select if the item was their favorite. As a result, each item has the highest
agreement as its preference. Milo is the most popular food. After that up is Maggie,

68
Chocolate (Kit Kat), Nescafe, Ice Cream (Drumstick) and Cereal (Koko Krunch).

Second, newspapers, social media, mass media, billboards and e-mail are five forms of
advertising platforms used by Nestle. Social media is the platform where a lot of users
have always seen ads and the strongest publicity tool because a lot of people have
invested their time using social media. Then, emails were the only promotional strategy
in which some participants thought they were much more confused than any of those
endorsed, and some participants are just not really sure whether Nestlé used emails to
market their products. That's also since not everyone opens their emails each day and
realizes whether or not Nestle has used emails mostly as a marketing plan.

Thirdly, Nestle has been using selling, advertising through mass media, advertising
through social media, free sample, extra value offer, Buy 1 Get 1, Buy and Win contests
as promotion methods. Similar media offers which are already required to complement
direct marketing includes marketing strategy. The most popular promotion method is Buy
1 Get 1. Followed by Free Samples and Extra Value Offer. Personal selling is the least
vote promotion method compared with the others.

Things are evolving very fast for marketers in today's business world. Increases in
technologies and the popularity of social media have had a huge effect on the way
businesses can be sold. Marketers can find it difficult to keep up with their digital
marketing campaign at times because of how quickly things are going in this area.

The partnership built with in-market teams is a crucial element that makes global
marketing work. An open medium of contact is essential to building trust and fostering
these relationships. Daily (video) calls are a perfect way to keep staff up-to-date on the
latest business initiatives and improvements, to hear about the latest strategic trends in
the sector, or to explore new marketing ideas. Time-zones are going to make this a
challenge, but it does succeed, and it will pay off. Creating team synergy would go a long
way towards driving mutual success.

In addition, Nestle should start to understand the power of affiliate marketing. Affiliating
will provide a huge boost to progress. However, it is not quite straightforward to approach
the right partners. The company needs to have a successful conversion if they expect a
wider affiliate to take it seriously. The minefield affiliate can be tricky. It takes persistence,
and it takes real grit to get it through. Creating an affiliation network and continuing to
reach out to prospective affiliates will assist the company.

The part of any effective transaction is an email showcasing succession. There are
programmed notices that will be conveyed to shoppers after they have bought into the
rundown. Utilizing the email arrangement to set up a companionship with endorsers. It
would make you appreciate what your audience listening to, makes you a better
communicator and capable to sell products to the consumers.

In addition, one of the main advantages of competing internationally with a local

presence is the ability offered to gain a better understanding of the industries in which
the business works and their potential. It helps to plan and optimize all efforts and
expenditures efficiently, more importantly, you have as many territories to test and learn
from. Nestle can collect input and ideas from a variety of markets for each initiative or
operation that can be run. This is an invaluable perspective that Nestle can harness by
creating a repository of practices and insights which can help fuel long-term progress.

69
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