Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat, ranging from 50-100 ml per beat. It is affected by preload, afterload, and contractility. The heart rate ranges from 60-100 beats per minute. Cardiac output, the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate. A normal cardiac output is 5-6 liters per minute. Mean arterial pressure is the average pressure within the arteries and is calculated using systolic, diastolic, and cardiac output values. Body positioning, such as standing or lying down, can affect stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure, but the body compensates through mechanisms
Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat, ranging from 50-100 ml per beat. It is affected by preload, afterload, and contractility. The heart rate ranges from 60-100 beats per minute. Cardiac output, the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate. A normal cardiac output is 5-6 liters per minute. Mean arterial pressure is the average pressure within the arteries and is calculated using systolic, diastolic, and cardiac output values. Body positioning, such as standing or lying down, can affect stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure, but the body compensates through mechanisms
Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat, ranging from 50-100 ml per beat. It is affected by preload, afterload, and contractility. The heart rate ranges from 60-100 beats per minute. Cardiac output, the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate. A normal cardiac output is 5-6 liters per minute. Mean arterial pressure is the average pressure within the arteries and is calculated using systolic, diastolic, and cardiac output values. Body positioning, such as standing or lying down, can affect stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure, but the body compensates through mechanisms
Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat, ranging from 50-100 ml per beat. It is affected by preload, afterload, and contractility. The heart rate ranges from 60-100 beats per minute. Cardiac output, the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate. A normal cardiac output is 5-6 liters per minute. Mean arterial pressure is the average pressure within the arteries and is calculated using systolic, diastolic, and cardiac output values. Body positioning, such as standing or lying down, can affect stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure, but the body compensates through mechanisms
HR – Heart Rate FACTORS AFFECTING STROKE VOLUME SP – Systolic Pressure DP – Diastolic Pressure CO – Cardiac Output a. Preload TPR – Total Peripheral Resistance b. After load SVR – Systemic Vascular Resistance c. Contractility MAP = CO x TPR/SVR
o HEART BEAT = 60 – 100bpm CO= SV x HR
Affected by: FACTORS AFFECTING HEART BEAT a. Viscosity of the blood Resistance a. SNS HR (pag malapot ang dugo tataas ang resistance bitch) b. PNS HR c. Thyroid Hormones = HR b. Diameter of the blood Vessels - BV constrict (Vasoconstrict) Resistance Thyroid Hormones = HR - BV Dilate (Vasodilate) Resistance d. Temperature = HR e. Exercise = HR BP – CO x TPR SV (Vol/beats) x HR (beats / min) CO= SV x HR a. Viscosity SV x HR = Cardiac output (volume of blood ejected b. Diameter by the heart in 1 minute Vasoconstrict Example: 70 x 70 = 4900ml = 4.9L/min . Vasodilate o AVERAGE CARDIAC OUTPUT = 5-6 liters per minute =
Blood flow must be FAST CO = BP CO = BP
- Pag mabagal ang blood flow yung circulation SV = BP SV = BP babagal the blood becomes hypercoagulable TPR = BP TPR = BP = madaling mag clot ang mabagal na blood EQUATION IS DIRECTLY PROPOTIONAL flow.
o MAP (MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE)
Normal MAP = 60-100mmHg Inadequate Tissue Perfusion = < 60 MAP = SP + 2x DP 3 Example: BP 120/80 MAP: 120 + 160 3 MAP = 93 mmHg (normal) BP – CO x TPR CO= SV x HR a. Viscosity b. Diameter Example: patient is bleeding POSITIONING BV= SV= BP= CO= Note: This will not happen because our body Position patient: Supine & elevate the legs 1. compensate pag tatayo tayo BV will constrict = TPR =Modified Trendelenberg More blood will go back to STANDING POSITION = pooling of blood pababa SV= CO= BP= SV = BP = f CO =
Example: BP – CO x TPR CO= SV when we stand x HR a. Viscosity b. Diameter BODY compensate = Vasoconstriction TPR BP remains Normal= Compensatory mechanism
Note: Is the BV do not Constrict when we stand BP = ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION / POSTURAL HYPOTENSION
2. SUPINE POSITION =More blood flow to the heart
SV= Note: pag nahihiga kaba tumataas BP= no This will not happen our body will = Compensate CO= BP= When we position supine = HR BP= CO x TPR SV x HR
