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    Different Types of Commands in SQL

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    Abhishek Das
    The document discusses different types of SQL commands: DDL commands are used to define and modify database objects like tables; DML commands are used to manipulate data within database objects like inserting, updating, and deleting records; DQL commands are used to retrieve data from database objects like using SELECT statements; and DCL commands are used to control privileges and permissions on database objects like GRANT and REVOKE. It then provides examples of specific SQL commands and problems to demonstrate how to create tables, insert, update, delete, and select data, as well as alter table structures and manage data constraints.

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    Different Types of Commands in SQL

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek Das
    91 views3 pages
    The document discusses different types of SQL commands: DDL commands are used to define and modify database objects like tables; DML commands are used to manipulate data within database objects like inserting, updating, and deleting records; DQL commands are used to retrieve data from database objects like using SELECT statements; and DCL commands are used to control privileges and permissions on database objects like GRANT and REVOKE. It then provides examples of specific SQL commands and problems to demonstrate how to create tables, insert, update, delete, and select data, as well as alter table structures and manage data constraints.

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    DBMS notes

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    The document discusses different types of SQL commands: DDL commands are used to define and modify database objects like tables; DML commands are used to manipulate data within database objects like inserting, updating, and deleting records; DQL commands are used to retrieve data from database objects like using SELECT statements; and DCL commands are used to control privileges and permissions on database objects like GRANT and REVOKE. It then provides examples of specific SQL commands and problems to demonstrate how to create tables, insert, update, delete, and select data, as well as alter table structures and manage data constraints.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views3 pages

    Different Types of Commands in SQL

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek Das
    The document discusses different types of SQL commands: DDL commands are used to define and modify database objects like tables; DML commands are used to manipulate data within database objects like inserting, updating, and deleting records; DQL commands are used to retrieve data from database objects like using SELECT statements; and DCL commands are used to control privileges and permissions on database objects like GRANT and REVOKE. It then provides examples of specific SQL commands and problems to demonstrate how to create tables, insert, update, delete, and select data, as well as alter table structures and manage data constraints.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    INTRODUCTION

    Different types of commands in SQL:


    A). DDL commands: - To create a database objects.
    1. The Create Table Command.
    2. Modifying the structure of tables.
    3. Dropping a column from a table.
    4. Modifying existing columns.
    5. Renaming :
    i) renaming the table.
    ii) renaming the column.
    6. Truncating the tables.
    7. Destroying tables.
    B).DML commands: - To manipulate data of a database objects.
    1. Inserting Data into Tables.
    2. Delete operations.
    3. Updating the contents of a table.
    4. Types of data constrains.
    i) not null constraint at column level.
    ii) unique constraint.
    iii) unique constraint at table level.
    iv) primary key constraint at column level
    v) primary key constraint at table level.
    vi) foreign key constraint at column level.
    vii) foreign key constraint at table level
    viii) check constraint
    ix) check constraint constraint at table level.
    C).DQL command: - To retrieve the data from a database.
    1. Viewing data in the tables.
    2. Filtering table data
    i) Selected columns and all rows.
    ii) Selected rows and all columns.
    iii) Selected columns and selected rows.
    3. Sorting data in a table.
    D). DCL/TCL commands: - To control the data of a database.
    1. Grant privileges using the GRANT statement
    2. Revoke permissions using the REVOKE statement

    COMMANDSto discuss :
    1. create table
    2. insert into
    3. Alter table --- add, rename, modify columns
    4. Update ---using & not using where
    5. Select--- all columns and some columns
    6. Delete ---all rows and some rows
    7. Rename ---table
    8. drop table
    9. FLASHBACK TABLE
    10.drop table customer2 purge

    11. copy the structure and data from another table


    12. copy only table without data
    13. insert data from other table
    14. delete, drop and truncate

    PROBLEMS

    customer (cust_id ,cust_fname ,cust_lname ,territory ,cred_lmt, mngr_id , marital_status ,sex


    ,income)
    1. Create and insert given data in table customer.
    2. Alter table and Add column stay_from_year
    3. Set value of stay_from_year as 2001 for Italy/America and 2003 otherwise
    4. Display credit limit attribute for America
    5. Delete the record corresponding to Meg Sen
    6. Show all attributes for Italy// Show all data in the territory Italy
    7. If territory is India and status is Single set value of credit to 7000
    8. Rename cust_fname to first_name
    9. Rename cust_lname to last_name
    10. Create table cust1 from the old table customer(copy structure as well as data using CTAS
    statement).
    11. Create tables cust2 without values of cust1 using CTAS statement.
    12. Create tables cust3 with attributes cust_id,cust_fname,cust_lname,income from old customer
    table
    only 5 rows.(using CTAS statement).
    13. Create tables cust4 with attributes name customer_id,firstname,lastname, income from old
    customer
    table(using CTAS statement).
    14. Drop column income from cust1.
    15. Rename table cust1 to cust_one
    16. Insert values into cust2 table from customer table
    17. Insert values into cust3 table with attributescust_ id, f_name, l_name,Income from customer
    table where income > 50000
    18. alter the table cust4 change cust id to varchar(6) and income to number(5)
    19. Add new attribute mngr_name to cust4 and insert 5 records
    20. Add attribute territory to cust4
    21. Drop table cust3 and then bring it back.

    22. Increase the size of the column custid by 5.

    23. Suppose the customer with id no C63 has changed her last name & now it is just same as the
    customer with id no C68.

    24. Replace the last name of customer with cid “C68” with the last name of customer with id
    “C63”

    /*Update customer set lname=(select lname from customer where cid=C63) where cid=C68.*/

    25. Display the records where territory=America &crd_lmt=25000.

    26. Display the records of all Indian customers whose income>20000.

    27. Display the name of the customer having crd_lmt between 2000 and 7000.

    28. Display the records of the customers having income 20000,24000,300,4500 using only one
    query.

    29. Display the records in ascending order of first name

    30. Display the records in descending order of income.

    31. Insert a duplicate record and display all the records.

    32. Suppose your friend wants to select a name from the names of the customers. Show the
    different names of the student.

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