ENGLISH PRACTICE 3

I. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (7/20 points) 

Part 1: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Write your
answer (A, B, C, or D) in the numbered box. 
1. Sheila will inherit everything ________ her uncle’s death.
A. on account of B. in spite of       C. in the event of D. in place of
2. His poor handling of the business ________ on negligence.
A. neared B. edged C. approached   D. bordered 
3. Down ________ for three days.
A. the rain poured B. poured the rain        
C. did the rain pour   D. do the rain poor
4. Can I ________ your brains for a moment? I can’t do this crossword by myself.
A. have B. pick C. mind D. use 
5. The job wasn’t giving the ________ of the experience he wanted.
 A. width                    B. depth            C. length          D. breadth
6. I suppose I could ________ advertising.
A. catch on B. get out of C. go in for D. work out
7. The storm ripped our tent to ________.
A. slices B. shreds C. strips D. specks 
8. She travelled the world in ________ of her dreams. 
A. pursuit             B. finding       C. chase         D. trail 
9. The agency is ________ and not run for profit.
A. charitable B. donated C. voluntary D. free
10. Mike, _______, will you switch off that television!
A. once and for all B. now and then
C. over and above D. from time to time
Your answers 
1.  2.  3.  4.  5. 
6.  7.  8.  9.  10. 
Part 2: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered space
provided in the column on the right. 
11. The (PLACE)_______ of natural resources is becoming 11. _replacement_
inadequate  
      for the support of increasing population.
12. The grammar section provides coverage of all the most  12. __ problematic__
      (PROBLEM)_______ areas. 13. __ narration__
13. He has recorded the (NARRATE)______ for the production.  14. __ outnumber__
14. In this profession, women (NUMBER)______ men by two to 15. __ overlay__
one.
15. An (LAY)_______ showing population can be placed on top 16. __ indestructible__
of the  17. __ acclimatize__
      map. 18. __ impoverish__
16. The shells are so hard and they are virtually
(DESTROY)_______. 19. ______
 17. We should arrive two days early in order to 20. ____
(CLIMATE)________. preconceptions____
18. These changes are likely to (POOR)________ single-parent
families 
      even further.
19. I’m afraid the hospital is desperately (STAFF)______ at the
moment.
20. This book will challenge your (CONCEPT)_______ about
rural life.
Part 3: The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and correct
them in the space provided in the column on the right. (0) has been done as an
example. 
Human and primates, the family of apes, gorillas, and chimpanzees, 0. Humans
among others, divide many common traits.  21. __share__
While primates are deemed the most intelligent of animals, most
researchers believed they lack the capacity to produce language. 22. _have
However, a research project in the 1970s at University of Georgia believed_
showed promise that chimpanzees have the ability to learn a certain 23. __the
language, just as human children do. University__
The project used several chimpanzees as test subjects in which Lana, a
female chimp was the study focus.  24. __just
Though the primates lack the vocal constructions to make human speech like__
patterns, the researchers created a language called Yerkish, using
lexigram made up of symbols that represent sounds and words. 125 25. __among
symbols were placed on a keyboard, which Lana was taught how to use which__
the board to communicate with the researchers. She successfully 26. __Since__
expressed her thoughts by pressing different keys in succession. In some 27. ___of___
cases, she used up to seven at times. 28. __and____
29.
____________
30.
____________
Part 4: Supply the correct form of the VERB in brackets to complete the passage. Write
your answer in the numbered box. 
I don't normally go to the cinema. Not because I don't like it but because it's just a
habit I (31.never GET)__________  into. However, on this occasion I (32. DECIDE)__________ to
go because my friends (33. constantly GO)__________ on about this film all week and
eventually wore me down. It was starring some ephemeral Hollywood actor whom I had
vaguely heard of but couldn't put a face to. We got to the cinema early to find people (34.
already  WAIT)__________ outside, which suggested that my friends weren't the only ones
who thought it was worth seeing although  I could still think of several other things I would
rather having been doing  at that moment. In the end, the film (35. TURN)_________ out to be
not half as bad as expected, though I  (36. PREFER)__________ something with a bit more
action. The plot centred on two men who were planning to carry out some immensely
complicated robbery, though what they (37. completely FAIL) ___________ to realize was that
 all the time their plans (38. closely MONITOR) ____________ by the police. Somewhat
unpredictably, however, they got away with it because they (39. CHANGE) _____________ their
plans at the last minute. It was okay but I (40.not THINK)________ of going again.
Your answers 
31.  36. 
32.  37. 
33.  38. 
34.  39. 
35.  40. 
31. have never got
32. decided
33. had constantly gone
36. would have preferred
37. completely
38. were being closely monitored
34. were already waiting
35. turned
39. changed
40. am not thinking
Part 5: Fill each gap in the following sentences with one of the prepositions or particles
in the box. Use each word only ONCE and write your answer in the numbered box.
(Please note that the given words outnumber the gaps.)
by through with for in out
up into off acros down beyond
s
41. He likes to show _________ how well he speaks French.
42. They were sad because the plan fell _________ at the last minutes. 
43. Ben is a true adventurer. He has climbed this country's highest mountain, canoed
_________ the  continent, and hiked through the Amazon jungle.
44. She wrote the book _________ collaboration with one of her students.
45. You'd better write _________ the appointment in your agenda, or you'll probably forget.
46. Mary has always looked _________ to her uncle, who is a very successful actor.
47. I do feel ________ you, honestly!
48.  As I had put on weight, my dress was too tight so I had to let it ________ especially
around the waist. 
49. I'm sorry but Dr. Ho sees patients _________ appointments only. 
50. He spoke _________ such assurance that we couldn't but believe him. 
Your answers 
41.  46. 
42.  47. 
43.  48. 
44.  49. 
45.  50. 
II. READING (6/ 20 points)
Part 1: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits
each gap. Write your answer in the numbered box. (0) has been done as an example. 
When faced (0)________ some new and possible bewildering technology change, most
people (51)________ in one of two ways. They either recoil (52)________ anything new,
claiming that it is unnecessary, or too complicated or that it (53)________ makes life less than
human. Or they learn to adapt to the new invention and (54)________ wonder how they could
possibly have existed (55)________ it. Take computers as example. For many of us, they still
(56)________ a threat to our freedom and give us a frightening (57)________ of a future in
which all decisions will be (58)________ by machines. This may be because they seem
(59)________, and difficult to understand. Ask most people what you can use a home
computer for, and you usually get vague answers about how ‘they give you information’. In
fact, even those of us who are (60)________ with computer and use them in our daily work,
have little idea of how they work. But it does not take long to learn how to operate a
business programme, even if things occasionally go wrong for no apparent (61)________.
Presumably, much the same happened when telephone and television became widespread.
What seems to alarm most people is the (62)________ of technology change, (63)________ than
change itself. And the objections that are made to new technology may (64)________ have a
point to them, since change is not always an improvement. As we discover during power
cuts, there is a lot to be said for the oil lamp, the coal fire, and forms of entertainment, such
as books or board (65)________, which don’t have to be plugged into work.

0. A. with B. to C. for D. on
51. A. react B. treat C. solve D. perform
52. A. of B. out of C. away from D. from
53. A. somewhere B. someplace C. someway D. somewhat
54. A. eventually B. possibly C. initially D. naturally
55. A. with B. without C. on D. for
56. A. show B. meet C. face D. represent
57. A. possibility B. sense C. idea D. prospect
58. A. invented B. changed C. taken D. done
59. A. unsteady B. unsure C. mysterious D. obvious
60. A. accustomed B. familiar C. used D. commonplace
61. A. reason B. cue C. excuse D. cause
62. A. rate B. swiftness C. speed D. tempo
63. A. more B. less C. rather D. other
64. A. badly B. better C. worse D. well
65. A. sports B. games C. plays D. shows
Your answers 
0. A 
51.  52.  53.  54.  55. 
56.  57.  58.  59.  60. 
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

Part 2: Read the following passage and answer the questions from 66 to 75 that
follow. 
 THE HISTORY OF THE GUITAR
The word 'guitar' was brought into English as an adaptation of the Spanish word
'guitarra’, which was, in turn, derived from the Greek 'kithara'. Tracing the roots of the
word further back into linguistic history, it seems to have been a combination of the Indo-
European stem 'guit-’, meaning music, and the root '-tar’, meaning chord or string. The root
'-tar' is actually common to a number of languages, and can also be found in the word
'sitar’, also a stringed musical instrument. Although the spelling and pronunciation differ
between languages, these key elements have been present in most words for 'guitar'
throughout history.
While the guitar may have gained most of its popularity as a musical instrument
during the modern era, guitar-like instruments have been in existence in numerous
cultures throughout the world for more than 5.000 years. The earliest instruments that the
modern eye and ear would recognise as a 'normal' acoustic guitar date from about 500
years ago. Prior to this time, stringed instruments were in use throughout the world, but
these early instruments are known primarily from visual depictions, not from the
continued existence of music written for them. The majority of these depictions show
simple stringed instruments, often lacking some of the parts that define a modern guitar. A
number of these instruments have more in common with the lute than the guitar.
There is some uncertainty about the exact date of the earliest six-string guitar. The
oldest one still in existence, which was made by Gaetano Vinaccia, is dated 1779. However,
the authenticity of six-string guitars alleged to have been made prior to 1790 is often
suspect, as many fakes have been discovered dating to this era. The early nineteenth
century is generally accepted as the time period during which six-string guitars began
taking on their modern shape and dimensions. Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers,
or guitar makers, have been producing versions of the modern acoustic guitar.
The first electric guitar was not developed until the early twentieth century. George
Beauchamp received the first patent for an electric guitar in 1936, and Beauchamp went on
to co-found Rickenbacker, originally known as the Electro String Instrument Company.
Although Rickenbacker began producing electric guitars in the late 1930s, this brand
received most of its fame in the 1960s, when John Lennon used a Rickenbacker guitar for
the Beatles' debut performance on the Ed Sullivan show in 1964. George Harrison later
bought a Rickenbacker guitar of his own, and the company later gave him one of their
earliest 12-string electric guitars. Paul McCartney also used a Rickenbacker bass guitar for
recording. The Beatles continued to use Rickenbacker guitars throughout their career, and
made the instruments highly popular among other musicians of the era.
The Fender Musical Instruments Company and the Gibson Guitar Corporation were
two other early electric guitar pioneers, both developing models in the early 1950s. Fender
began with the Telecaster in 1950 and 1951, and the Fender Stratocaster debuted in 1954.
Gibson began selling the Gibson Les Paul, based partially on assistance from jazz musician
and guitar innovator Les Paul, in 1952. The majority of present day solid-body electric
guitars are still based largely on these three early electric guitar designs.
Throughout the history of the guitar, an enormous number of individuals have made
their mark on the way in which the instrument was built, played and perceived. Though
some of these individuals are particularly well known, like the Beatles or Les Paul, the
majority of these people are virtually invisible to most modern guitar fans. By looking at
the entire history of the guitar, rather than just recent developments, largely confined to
electric guitars, it is possible to see more of the contributions of earlier generations.

Questions 66-70
Complete the sentences. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for
each answer. Write your answer in the numbered box.
66. Despite differences in _________, 'guit-' and '-tar' appear in the word for 'guitar' in many
languages.
67. Instruments that we would call acoustic guitars have been made and played for
approximately 
       _________.
68.  The ________ of acoustic guitars have not changed much in 200 years.
69.  Les Paul, the well-known ________ guitarist, was involved in the development of the
electric guitar.
70.  Most ________ of the guitar know little about its rich history.
Your answers 
66.  67. 
68.  69. 
70.

Questions 71-75
Complete the summary. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for
each answer. Write your answer in the numbered box.
Instruments similar to the guitar have been played by musicians for over (71) ________
years. What we know about many of these instruments comes from (72) ________ rather
than actual physical examples or music played on them. In some ways, these early stringed
instruments were closer to (73) ________ than the guitar as we know it today. We do have
examples of six-string guitars that are 200 years old. However, the (74) ________ of six-string
guitars made by guitar makers who are also known as luthiers before the final decade of
the eighteenth century is often open to question.
Although the electric guitar was invented in the 1930s, it took several decades for electric
guitars to develop, with the company Rickenbacker playing a major part in this
development. Most (75) ________  electric guitars in use today are similar in design to guitars
produced by the Fender Musical Instruments Company and the Gibson Guitar Corporation
in the 1950s.

Your answers 
71.  72. 
73.  74. 
75.
Part 3: Some parts of the following passages have been removed. Read the passage and
then choose from the list A-J given below the best phrase to fill each of the spaces. Some
of the suggested answers do not fit at all. Write your answer in the numbered box. (0)
has been done as an example. 
PEDAL POWER 
 If you are trying to get around central London when the traffic is bad and you can’t
find a taxi, (0)____________: pedal-powered rickshaws are becoming increasingly popular in
the capital. In fact, it is estimated that 350 of them now cruise the streets, though there is
no official licensing procedure for these diminutive vehicles, so precise numbers are not
available. And this is exactly the problem; it is claimed by residents’ associations and taxi
drivers. Since rickshaws are not subject to the same regulations as other vehicles, (76)
____________. Consequently, the areas around popular tourist sights are sometimes packed
with stationary pedicabs, as the rickshaws are also known. And (77) ____________ as no
specific law is being broken. 
On the other hand, (78) ____________, which naturally get stuck in traffic jams like
other motor vehicle. And unlike traditional London cabs, pedal-powered rickshaws cause
no pollution whatsoever. Many tourists like them because they are an amusing, unusual
way to get around. But are they potentially dangerous? Well, (79) ____________. Some taxi
drivers claim the three-wheeled vehicles are inherently unstable and may tip over if the
driver takes a corner too quickly. Rickshaw drivers insist that they drive almost exclusively
in the narrow streets of the city centre, where (80) ____________. There has as yet been no
serious accident involving a pedicab, but the government is considering some form of
regulation just to be on the safe side.

A. it could hardly be any different in this context

B. it is difficult for traffic police to do anything about them
C. it never seems to cause too much inconvenience
D. it very much depends who you talk to
E. it annoys pedestrians as much as motorists
F. it is clear that there is a need for an alternative to taxis
G. it is impossible to gain enough speed for this to be a problem
H. it is not clear whether they are subject to parking restrictions

I. it is tempting to try an alternative

Your answers 
0. I 
76.  77.  78.  79.  80. 

Part 4: Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answer in the numbered box
provided below the passage. (0) has been done as an example. 

Although the (0)________ in the global temperature by 4 per cent predicted by many
scientists may not sound like much, it is the difference between (81)________ and the last Ice
Age, when huge glaciers (82)________ Europe and most of Britain. Nobody knows exactly
what would happen in a warmer world, (83)________ we do know some things. Heat a kettle
and the water inside it expands. The temperature of the world has climbed more than half a
degree this century, and the oceans have risen by at (84)________ 10 cm.
But just as it takes several minutes for a kettle to begin (85)________, so it may have
taken the oceans thirty years to swell. This means that the global warming we are now
(86)________ is a result only of the carbon dioxide we have dumped into the atmosphere up
to (87)________ 1960s. Since then, the use of fossil (88)________ has increased rapidly.
Scientists working for the United Nations and European governments have (89)________
warning that what the Dutch and the people of the East Anglia will need to do will be to
build more extensive sea defences. Many of the world’s greater cities are at (90)________,
because they are located at sea level. Miami, (91)________ entirely built on a sandbank, could
be swept away. But the effects of (92)________ sea levels will be much worse for the
developing countries. With a metre rise in sea levels, 200 million people could become
(93)________.
     There are other fears too, (94)________ to a recent United Nations report. The plight
of the hungry in the northern Africa could (95)________, as rainfall in the Sahara and beyond
is reduced by 20 per cent.
Your answers 
0. rise
81.  82.  83.  84.  85. 

86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

91. 92. 93. 94. 95.

III. WRITING (7/ 20 points)

Part 1: 
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence printed before it.
96. Half the afternoon was spent on clay-modelling. 
     Clay-modelling ………………………….........................................................................
97. I heard her use those words many times.
    Many’s …………………………………………………………………………………………
98. It was more an argument than a discussion.
     It was not so ..................................................................................................................
99. They only reimbursed us because we took legal advice.
      We wouldn't .................................................................................................................
100. Your silly question distracted me.
        You drove .................................................................................................................

Part 2:
Use the word given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new
sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original
sentence. Do NOT change the form of the given word.
101. From the educational point of view his childhood years had been well spent
(TERMS)                  
………………………………………………………………………….………...........................
102. He's very good at tennis and he's also a very good footballer. (ADDITION) 
………………………………………………………………………….………...........................
103. Why does everything seem to be difficult to me? (ONLY) 
………………………………………………………………………….………...........................
104. If you work without a break, you are more likely to make an error. (PRONE) 
………………………………………………………………………….………...........................
105. They were very keen to hear the president’s speech. (EARS) 
………………………………………………………………………….………...........................