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    Chapter 12: HEART

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    Precious Faith Rodriguez
    The heart has four chambers: left and right atria receive blood, and left and right ventricles pump blood out. The heart is surrounded by membranes and pumps approximately 5 liters of blood per minute through a cycle of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation. Key structures include valves that ensure one-way blood flow and a conduction system that coordinates contractions. Diseases can occur if blood supply to heart muscle is reduced, such as in coronary artery disease.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 12: HEART

    Uploaded by

    Precious Faith Rodriguez
    90 views2 pages
    The heart has four chambers: left and right atria receive blood, and left and right ventricles pump blood out. The heart is surrounded by membranes and pumps approximately 5 liters of blood per minute through a cycle of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation. Key structures include valves that ensure one-way blood flow and a conduction system that coordinates contractions. Diseases can occur if blood supply to heart muscle is reduced, such as in coronary artery disease.

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    Chapter 12

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    The heart has four chambers: left and right atria receive blood, and left and right ventricles pump blood out. The heart is surrounded by membranes and pumps approximately 5 liters of blood per minute through a cycle of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation. Key structures include valves that ensure one-way blood flow and a conduction system that coordinates contractions. Diseases can occur if blood supply to heart muscle is reduced, such as in coronary artery disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    90 views2 pages

    Chapter 12: HEART

    Uploaded by

    Precious Faith Rodriguez
    The heart has four chambers: left and right atria receive blood, and left and right ventricles pump blood out. The heart is surrounded by membranes and pumps approximately 5 liters of blood per minute through a cycle of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation. Key structures include valves that ensure one-way blood flow and a conduction system that coordinates contractions. Diseases can occur if blood supply to heart muscle is reduced, such as in coronary artery disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    CHAPTER 12: HEART

    Chapter 12: HEART Heart Chambers


     Four Chambers:
    The Cardiovascular System  Left Atrium (LA)
     the heart is a muscular organ that is essential for life because  Right Atrium (RA)
    it pumps blood through the body.  Left Ventricle (LV)
     the heart is a member organ of the cardiovascular system,  Right Ventricle (RV)
    which consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
     the heart of a healthy adult, at rest, pumps approximately 5  Coronary sulcus:
    liters (L) of blood per minute.  separates atria from ventricles
    Functions of the Heart  It contains:
     the right coronary artery
     generates blood pressure
     the small cardiac vein
     routes blood
     the coronary sinus
     ensures one-way blood flow
     the circumflex artery
     regulates blood supply
    Pericardia
    Heart Characteristics
     Pericardium
     double-layered sac that anchors and protects
    heart

     Parietal pericardium
     membrane around heart’s cavity

     Visceral pericardium
     membrane on heart’s surface

     Pericardial cavity
     space around heart

     Size
     size of a fist and weighs less than 1 lb.
     Location
     between lungs in thoracic cavity
     Orientation Blood Flow Through Heart
     apex (bottom) towards left side

    Ventricles
     inferior chambers
     pumping chambers
     thick, strong walled
     contract forcefully to propel blood out of heart

     Interventricular septum
     separates right and left ventricles.

    The Atria
     superior chambers
     holding chambers 1. Right Atrium 5. Pulmonary 9. Left Atrium 13. Aorta
     small, thin walled trunk
    2. Tricuspid valve 6. Pulmonary 10. Bicuspid 14. Body
     contrast minimally to push blood into ventricles
    arteries valve
    3. Right Ventricle 7. Lungs 11. Left Ventricle
     Interatrial septum
     separates right and left atria 4. Pulmonary 8. Pulmonary 12. Aortic
    semilunar valve veins semilunar valve

    Precious Faith Rodriguez


    CHAPTER 12: HEART
    Semilunar Heart Valves Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
     the semilunar valves have three half-moon shaped cusps, and  record of electrical events in heart
    are valves between the pulmonary trunk and aorta.  diagnoses cardiac abnormalities
     uses electrodes
     Pulmonary valve  contains P wave, QRS complex, T wave
     between RV and pulmonary trunk

     Aortic valve Components of ECG/EKG


     between LV and aorta  P wave
     depolarization of atria
    Atrioventricular Heart Valves
     valves between the atria and ventricles  QRS complex
     depolarization of ventricles
     Tricuspid valve  contains Q, R, S waves
     AV valve between RA and RV
     3 cusps  T wave
     repolarization of ventricles
     Bicuspid valve
     AV valve between LA and LV
     2 cusps Heart Sounds
     heart sounds are produced due to the closure of heart
    Heart Wall valves
     a stethoscope is used to hear heart sounds
     the first heart sound makes a ‘lubb’ sound
     the second heart sound makes a ‘dupp’ sound
     the first heart sound is due to the closure of the
    atrioventricular valves
     the second heart sound is due to the closure of the
    semilunar valves

    Heart Disease
     Coronary Artery Disease
     due to decrease blood supply to the heart
     Epicardium  coronary arteries are narrowed for some reason
     surface of heart (outside)
     Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
     Myocardium  due to closure of one or more coronary arteries
     thick, middle layer composed of cardiac muscle  area(s) of cardiac muscle lacking adequate blood
    supply die, and scars (infarct)
     Endocardium
     smooth, inner surface Heart Procedures
     Angioplasty
    Action Potential Path through Heart  procedure opens blocked blood vessels
    1. SA node
    2. AV node (atrioventricular)  Stent
    3. AV bundle  structures inserted to keep vessels open
    4. Right and Left Bundle branches
    5. Purkinje fibers  Bypass
     procedure reroutes blood away from blocked
    Conduction System of the Heart
    arteries

    Cardiac Cycle
     Atrial systole
     contraction of atria

     Ventricular systole
     contraction of ventricles

     Atrial diastole
     relaxation of atria

     Ventricular diastole
     relaxation of ventricles

    Precious Faith Rodriguez

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