BANJARESE PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM

The Banjar language (BB) is manifested in 3 large communities, namely the Banjar Kuala language, the Banjar
Pahuluan language and the Malay language which are summarized in various dialects. Tanjung, Kelua,
Amuntai, Barabai, Kandangan, Banjarmasin, Barito Kuala. Most of the words in Banjarese are the same as
Malay, as well as prefixes such as di, ber, ter, men, meng, and suffixes such as kan, an and so on. The only real
difference is in terms of designation. Banjar language uses a to replace e (pepet) such as kalihatan (Kelihatan),
handak (hendak) etc. If the end of the verse, the sound a and u becomes a' and u', which is a soft k sound.
Banjar language also uses the prefixes 'ber' , 'ter' , 'me', 'men', meng' which are changed to 'ba', 'ta', 'ma' as
'basadih', ‘memberi' is called 'mambari', while the suffix 'kan' is sometimes called ‘akan' for example
'mendengar' becomes 'mandangarakan'.

If we look at BB speakers, we can easily identify variations in pronunciation or differences in vocabulary from
one group to another, and these differences are referred to as dialects of BB which can be distinguished
between two major dialects, namely: (1) dialect of Banjar Kuala language (abbreviated BK); (2) dialect of Banjar
Hulu Sungai (abbreviated BH). The BK dialect is generally used by "native" residents around the cities of
Banjarmasin, Martapura, and Pelaihari, while the BH dialect is BB used by residents in the Upper Sungai areas
generally, namely the districts of Tapin, Hulu Sungai Tengah and Hulu Sungai Utara and Tabalong.

now we can see the case in South Kalimantan, the so-called Malays are Banjar people. The Banjar language
itself is divided into two variants, namely Banjar Hulu and Banjar Kuala.

1. The Banjar Kuala dialect, which is generally used by residents around Banjarmasin, Martapura and Pelaihari.

2. The dialect of the Upper Banjar language, such as in the areas of Tapin, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Hulu Sungai
Tengah, Hulu Sungai Utara, Balangan and Tabalong.

1. Vocabulary differences such as:

Banjar Kuala ................... . Banjar Hulu

kawa .................................. hingkat = dapat

mau ................................... hakun = mau, ingin

gasan ............................... . hagan = untuk, buat

jalan .................................. lalah, jaap = jalan

2. Differences in the pronunciation of phonemes, such as:

Banjar kuala .................. Banjar Hulu

gemet ............................. gimit, gamat = perlahan, pelan

ember ............................. imbir = ember

harit ................................ arit = tahan

longor .............................. lungur (sulah ) = botak

cocok ............................... cucuk = sesuai

BANJAR VOCALS AND CONSONANTS

A. Vowels in Banjar Kuala : [ a ],[ i ],[ u ],[ o ],[ e ], [au ], [ ai ], [ ui ]

B. Upper Banjarese Vowels : [ a ],[ i ],[ u ],[ au ],[ ai ], [ ui ]

Banjar Kuala --------------------- Banjar Hulu

anyar = baru .................................... hanyar = baru

bulik = pulang ..................................mantuk = pulang

ojor = tua ..........................................indah = tak mau

kempeng = kempis ......................... gucik = pekak,tuli

lapaw = tempeleng ......................... kuntaw = silat

2. CONSONANT

Banjar Kuala and Banjar Hulu languages: b, c, d, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, ng, ny, p, r, s, t, w, y

As :

Bahasa Banjar Kuala dan Bahasa Banjar Hulu :b,c,d,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,ng,ny,p,r,s,t,w,y

Seperti :

cagat = lurus, tegak

dawir = gantung

ganal = besar

halarat = kenduri, selamatan

julak = sebutan kepada saudara tua ayah

kucik = korek dengan telunjuk

lampah = tapa, semedi

malut = susah diusahakan

AFFIX

In beginning : ma-, mam-, man-,mang-,manga-,many-,ba-,di-,ka-,ta-,sa-,ja-,ca-

maracik, = mengiris halus – halus

mambarakat = membawa pulang ( kenduri, selamatan )

mamparapas = menimbulkan bunyi “ parapas “

mandangar = mendengar

manggarigit = gemas
mangatupat = makan ketupat

mancaracat = meluncur dengan cepat

In the middle : - al -, - am –, - ar -

gitir ..... galitir

kikik ..... kalikik

kakak ..... kalakak

susur ..... salusur

pagut ..... pamagut

patuk ..... pamatuk

rampah ..... rarampah

At the end : -lah, - an, -i, -akan, -alah, ilah

bujur jualah = benar juga

bulikan = pulangan

barii = menyuruh memberi

ambiliakan = ambilkan

umayalah = wah, kagum,sesal

bulikilah = kembali lagi

In beginning – at the end

: ma-akan, ma-i, ba-lah, ba-an, di-akan, di-i, ka-an

isi ..... maisiakan,maisii = mengisikan, sedang mengisi

dintu ..... badaintulah = begitulah

ambil ..... baimbayan = bersama-sama

jalan ..... bajalanan = berjalanan

diam ..... didiamakan = melakukan agar diam

sarik ..... disariki = dimarahi

rumah ..... karumahan = mengajak agar datang ke rumah

There is a morphophonemic process at the prefix ma-, pa-an there is a nasalization of the yield of t, k, s, p such
as:

tukar ..... manukar

kukus ..... mangukus

sapu ..... manyapu

REDUPLICATION (REDUPLICATION)

Repetition of some prefixes starting with a consonant plus the affix –an, ba-an, ka-an, such as:

puhun ..... pupuhunan

rumah ..... rurumahan

kuda ..... kukudaan

bungul ..... bubungulan

tarus ..... batatarusan

pintar ..... kapipintaran

Repetition of some prefixes starting with a vowel plus the suffix –an, ba-an, ka-an, such as:

anak ..... aanakan

angin ..... aanginan

igal ..... iigalan

imit ..... iimitan

ulay ..... uulayan

untung ..... uuntungan

ampih ..... baaampihan

Repetition of the whole word (whole), such as:

rumah ..... rumah – rumah

datang ..... datang – datang

Unique loops, such as:

lalu-lalang, lalu – liwas, kucang – kirap, hambur – kaut

FUNCTION WORDS ( PARTICLES )

There are several function words in the Banjarese language, such as:

saling ..... saling habangan = very red

sing ..... sing bungulan = very stupid

Generally “saling" and "sing" is always combined with "kada"

such as: kada saling salawaran = not wearing pants at all

- gin..... akugin = me too, me too

- pang expresses affirmations, like

ikam pang, babaju pang, nangitu pang, ayu pang, try pang, karumah pang etc.

- ay expresses affirmations, justifications, doubts, hopes, such as: tambukay, bulikay, pintaray, ikamay, bujuray,
tasarudupay inya, kaluay,ambilakanay indahai me, kadaay mun nitu, tampangay in dumpit etc.

- ah dialect change from - kah ( ask ), kupikah ---- kupiah, I am ---akuah

ikamah ------- ikamah, etc.

- lahis expressing a request or order, such as:

Bacarilah, bagagamatlah

-lah is often added with -ay, like

Bujur jualahay , damintulahay.

- alah, - alih, - lih are the same as –lah, - kah, such as:

ikamalah, akualih, bujur

Sometimes - lah, - alih, - lih plus –ay, like:

Kaya apa lahay, Bujur jualihay , ganalnya lihay

- tih as meaning reinforcement in prepositions, such as

Nangitutih, napangtih

- am expresses relief, complaint, request, such as:

syukuram mun kaya nangitu, nah hikam kada taambilam, umai iyaam,

imbaham, mun kaya itu pianam harapan kami ,etc.

There are particles han, ay, ha, ti, so and so, practice, practice, as a launcher, such as:

han sudah kupadahakan kalu

ay nangkayani halah

kuambil ha mun daintu

mun nangituti aku kada baisi

lakun pina pambibisanya

kada baparibasa lakunnya

Conclusion
The Banjar language (BB) is manifested in 3 large communities, namely the Banjar Kuala language, the Banjar
Pahuluan language and the Malay language which are summarized in various dialects. Tanjung, Kelua,
Amuntai, Barabai, Kandangan, Banjarmasin, Baarito Kuala. Banjar language also has a mixture of Arabic and
Javanese. Banjar language has a fast accent. The Banjar language is used by the Banjarese who inhabit almost
the entire province of South Kalimantan. In fact, it is widely spread to the coastal areas of Central Kalimantan,
East Kalimantan, Sumatra, such as in Muara Tungkal, Sapat and Tembilahan as well as in areas of the State of
Malaysia. This Banjar language was brought by nomads from Banjar people.

Banjar language has two dialects, namely:

1. The Banjar Kuala dialect, which is generally used by residents around Banjarmasin, Martapura and Pelaihari.

2. The dialect of the Banjar Hulu language, such as in the areas of Tapin, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Hulu Sungai
Tengah, Hulu Sungai Utara, Balangan and Tabalong.