Boat Wiring
Boat Wiring
Boat Wiring
A: Marine Wire Color Code
Table B: Conductor Sizes
Ampacity is the ultimate safe current carrying capacity of the wire before damage occurs to the
insulation, without regard to voltage drop. Because the insulation of most SAE wire types is not the
same as ANCOR, this chart should not be used for other conductor types. Use Table C & D to find
proper wire size to insure adequate performance.
Ampacity Ampacity
Sq. AWG SAE Engine Space Engine Space
AWG mm CM area CM Area Outside Inside
18 0.8 1,600 1,537 20 17
16 1 2,600 2,336 25 21
14 2 4,100 3,702 35 30
12 3 6,500 5,833 45 38
10 5 10,500 9,343 60 51
8 8 16,800 14,810 80 68
6 13 26,600 24,538 120 102
4 19 42,000 37,360 160 130
2 32 66,500 62,450 210 178
1 40 83,690 77,790 245 208
1/0 50 105,600 98,980 285 242
2/0 62 133,100 125,100 330 280
3/0 81 167,800 158,600 385 327
4/0 103 211,600 205,500 445 378
Table C: Conductor Sizes (AWG) for 3% Voltage Drop at 12 Volts
Length 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10' 18 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 4
15' 16 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 4 2 2
20' 14 12 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2
25' 14 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 1 1
30' 12 10 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 1 1/0 1/0
40' 12 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1/0 1/0 2/0 2/0
50' 10 8 6 4 4 2 2 1 1/0 1/0 2/0 3/0 3/0
60' 10 6 6 4 2 2 1 1/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0
70' 10 6 4 2 2 2 1/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0 4/0
80' 8 6 4 2 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0
90' 8 4 4 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0
100' 8 4 2 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0 4/0
110' 8 4 2 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0
120' 6 4 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0 4/0
130' 6 4 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0
140' 6 2 2 1/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 4/0
150' 6 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0
160' 6 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0
170' 6 2 1 2/0 3/0 3/0 4/0
Use 3% voltage drop for any "critical application" affecting the safety of the vessel or its passengers:
bilge pumps, navigation lights, electronics, etc...
Table D: Conductor Sizes (AWG) for 10% Voltage Drop at 12 Volts
Length 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10' 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 10 8 8 6 6
15' 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 8 8 6 6
20' 18 16 16 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6
25' 18 16 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6
30' 18 16 14 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 4
40' 16 14 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 4
50' 16 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 4 4 2
60' 16 12 10 8 8 8 6 4 4 4 2 2 2
70' 14 12 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2
80' 14 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 1
90' 14 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 1 1
100' 12 10 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1/0
110' 12 10 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 1/0 1/0
120' 12 8 8 6 4 4 2 2 2 1 1/0 1/0 2/0
130' 12 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 1/0 2/0 2/0
140' 12 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1 1/0 1/0 2/0 2/0
150' 10 8 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 1/0 2/0 2/0 3/0
160' 10 8 6 4 4 2 2 1 1/0 1/0 2/0 2/0 3/0
170' 10 8 6 4 4 2 2 1 1/0 2/0 2/0 3/0 3/0
Use 10% voltage drop for any "noncritical applications: windlasses, cabin lights, etc...
Important!
Length (feet): Determined by measuring the length of the conductor from the positive (+) power
source connection to the electrical device and back to the negative () power source connection. Note
that the power source connection may be either the battery, panelboard or switchboard.
Current (amps): Determined by adding the total amps on a circuit.
Conductor sizes not covered in Table C or Table D may be calculated by using the following formula:
After calculating the Circular Mil Area (CM), use Table B to determine the proper conductor size
(National Fire Protection Agency and Coast Guard require that the next larger conductor be used
when the calculated CM area falls between two conductor sizes).
CM=K x l x L / E
CM = Circular Mil area of Conductors
K = 10.75 (Constant representing the milfoot resistance of copper)
I = Current amps
L = Length feet
E = Voltage drop at load (in volts)
For Example...
Q: For example: A bilge pump draws 10 amps. The positive run is l l feet from the power panel,
including the float switch. The negative run is only 10 feet. What size wire?
A: Use the formula to reach the correct answer:
CM = 10.75 x 10 (amps) x 21 (total length of run) / 0.36 (3% of 12v) = 6,271
Table "B" shows that 12 AWG wire has a CM area of 6,500 and is the correct choice. However, SAE
wire has a CM area of only 5,833. Under NFPA and USCG regulations, 10 SAE wire must be used.