001 BDDT 21-22 Ol5
001 BDDT 21-22 Ol5
001 BDDT 21-22 Ol5
Part 1: You will hear an interview about the work environment of the future. Listen and compete the
sentences with a word or short phrase.
Part 2: You will hear a philosopher called Marc Jerome and a psychologist called Elena Berensen
taking part in a discussion on the subject of identity and the labels that identify groups of people
in society. For questions 1 - 5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what
you hear.
The woman scientist used the phrase 1. _______________________ to describe the earth.
Phosphine is referred to as 2. _______________________ as it is primarily the result of life.
There is thought to be a connection between phosphine and microbes living in swamps or other
3._____________________ environments.
The existence of the gas on Venus could stem from a 4._______________________ or some unknown
chemical or geological process there.
Lowis Dartnell refers to the type of cell that could survive the environment in the Venusian clouds as
5._______________________.
Professor Jane Greaves and her colleagues were amazed to find phosphine – a very 6._________________
gas there on Venus.
Prof. Jane said they continued using telescopes to find out the answer but it was slow due to
7._______________________.
Sofia is a(n) 8._______________________ telescope of the stratospheric observatory.
According to the professor, it’s possible that there exist a few microbes in 9._______________________
of sulfuric acid and water in the clouds.
She said these microbes might survive the condition thanks to some sort of 10._____________________,
a protective mechanism evolved over millions of years.
VOCABULARY - GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to each of the following questions.
1. Don't expect Alan to buy you a drink. He earns plenty of money but he's very __________.
A. hard-up B. wealthy C. tight D. comfortable
2. After his crushing defeat in the semi-finals it took Paul a long time to _________ his confidence.
A. recover B. rebut C. return D. remake
3. He moved out of his parents’ house as soon as he had the money to pay his own _________.
A. life B. way C. road D. expense
4. The election results would make it clear which of the parties had _________ .
A. changed hands B. lived hand to mouth C. had its hands full D. gained the upper hand
5. Doctors feel that their only option is to treat the cancer _________ .
A. graciously B. inadvertently C. vehemently D. aggressively
6. Please don’t think I was _________, but I couldn’t help overhearing what you said.
A. gossiping B. eavesdropping C. monitoring D. speculating
7. Nowadays, information is _______ instantaneously by satellites and other forms of
telecommunication.
A. dispersed B. posted C. retained D. retrieved
8. The nervous job candidate took a deep breath and tried to _________ herself.
A. subdue B. compose C. wrestle D. strike
9. You’ll feel much better once you’ve got it _______. Just go and tell her exactly what happened.
A. at arm’s length B. off your chest C. behind your back D. in the neck
10. _______ your anger at work is not a very good idea. You should show more restraint.
A. Steering B. Decreeing C. Asserting D. Venting
Read the text and fill each gap with the correct form of the word in capitals.
Most of the City streets were cobbled. The rare sidewalks were reserved for pedestrians by only a line of
posts. Sometimes the road surface sloped down to a central drain which was usually blocked with rubbish.
Main streets were prone to traffic (1)___________________ (BOTTLE); at least no modern City driver
has had to face a drove of turkeys being driven to their last home in City storehouses. Side streets were
(2)__________________ (PUNCTUAL) by narrow alleys, barely wide enough for two pedestrians to
pass.
Sign boards hung from almost every house; in theory they were supposed to be nine feet off the ground, to
give room for a man on a horse to pass (3)___________________ (UNDER). Their meaning was
sometimes conveyed by an elaborate code. An elephant showed where combs of ivory and other materials
could be bought. Adam and Eve offered apples and other fruits.
(4)___________________ (HOUSE) had a duty to hang out a candle or a lantern from dusk until nine
o’clock during the winter. However, from the frequency with which this duty had been repeated by City
regulations since the fourteenth century, one can only suppose it was not generally observed. Mostly the
City streets were (5)___________________ (LIGHT) or dark.
City authorities had tried for centuries, with only partial success, to discourage ‘noxious’ trades from
operating in the City, their main market. Even when these trades obeyed the rules and stayed away from
the City, (6)___________________ (AIR) pollution was blown in from across the river.
READING
Read the text and fill each gap with ONE suitable word.
If you go through a list of the latest developments in technology, you will find that most of them have
(1)____________________ the way we communicate in some way. Thanks to the Internet,
communication has become amazingly fast. It has brought about innovations such as email, instant
messaging and even video chatting. Social networking websites are the (2)____________________ of the
day, and have given (3)____________________ to the concept of social media marketing. From business
networking to personal contact, communication has never been as fast and easy as it is now. The latest
gadgets and gizmos have become part and (4)____________________ of life. No matter where we are, or
what we're doing, we can contact our loved ones at any time of the day.
In seeking (5)____________________ to the issue of technology's demerits, we need not look far. With
the threat of Internet scams increasing every day, and cyber security becoming a global issue,
governments everywhere are trying hard to (6)____________________ cyber access. Moreover, lifestyle
habits have changed drastically. Nowadays, psychologists are frequently using the
(7)____________________ 'Internet addiction' to address certain issues in the lives of people who are
constantly (8)____________________ to their screens.
How have we been affected by technology? The answer is that it has given us the
(9)____________________ to make a difference in our lives, but (10)____________________ if we use it
wisely. It all depends on us and what we do with it.
A The impact of malnutrition on children's learning is not simply that they are tired and unable to
concentrate in class because they have not eaten enough on a given day. Malnutrition in the first 1000
days - from the start of a woman's pregnancy until her child's second birthday – has a devastating
impact on children's future potential. It restricts their cognitive development, means they are more
likely to be sick and miss out on school, and reduces their ability to learn.
B This 1000-day window is a critical time for structural brain development. Good maternal nutrition is
essential: pregnant or breastfeeding mothers who can't access the right nutrients are more likely to
have children with compromised brain development and who suffer from poor cognitive performance.
And once the child is born, nutrition continues to play a key role in ensuring the brain develops
properly. But the effects of malnutrition on a child's cognitive development and education go beyond
the biology of the brain. A child's nutritional status can impact on the experiences and stimulation that
children receive. Parents sometimes treat a malnourished boy or girl differently because they are
small, and this child is also more likely to miss school and key learning opportunities due to illness.
C The impact is not just on academic achievement. Malnutrition is associated with children having
lower self-esteem, self-confidence and career aspirations. Malnourished children not only face direct
damage to their bodies and minds, but are less confident to learn and aspire to change the situation
they were born into.
D In the longer term, malnutrition can have a big impact on earnings when children reach adulthood.
The effects of malnutrition on physical stature, the ability to do physical work, and on cognitive
development, can lock children into poverty and entrench inequalities.
E Children who are malnourished go on to earn 20% less as adults than the children who are well
nourished. But there is some evidence that the difference could be even larger - one study has
estimated this earning deficit for malnourished children at 66%.
F This in turn means that malnutrition can act as a big barrier to economic growth. Estimates suggest
that in low- and middle-income countries, the impact of malnutrition could decrease GDP by between
2% and 11 %. This is partly a result of its impacts on educational development - as well as on
physical productivity and health.
G This report presents new estimates of malnutrition's effect on GDP. By extrapolating a 20% reduction
in earnings to a global level, this report shows that today's malnutrition could cost the global economy
as much as $125 billion when today's children reach working age in 2030.
H Investments in the potential of future generations are more important than ever before. With mortality
rates falling rapidly but fertility rates declining at a lower rate, developing countries will experience
an increase in the size of their working-age population in the next few decades. Many countries will
have two people of working age for every dependent. This presents them with a critical window of
opportunity to boost economic development, known as the 'demographic dividend'.
I The IMF has predicted that seven of the 10 fastest growing economies in the next five years will be in
Africa. Meanwhile, economists have identified the 'Next 11 ' countries - those that have the potential
for stellar economic growth in the next decade. A common theme in each of these countries is the
potential provided by their demographic structures.
J But to capitalize on the demographic dividend, developing countries must invest now in the health
and skills of their future workforce. Investments made now in proven nutrition interventions could
increase opportunities for millions of children to become more healthy and productive members of
society. The next generation of children in developing countries could fuel improved innovation,
prosperity and job creation.
K But if we fail to make that investment the consequences could be catastrophic. Not only would that
leave a future public health disaster - with a huge burden placed on health systems by a generation of
people left more susceptible to disease by malnutrition - but also an economic crisis. If countries are
not able to take advantage of the opportunities presented by demographic changes, then in 50 to 60
years' time they will be left with a large cohort of elderly dependents without having generated the
resources to care for them.
Questions 1-4
Which paragraphs contain the following information? Write A-K.
1 the psychological impact of malnutrition _____
2 the effect of parental attitudes on children's educational opportunities _____
3 the cost to the world economy of childhood malnutrition _____
4 the influence of childhood malnutrition on the national economy of individual nations _____
Questions 5-9
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage? Write:
YES if the statement agrees with the writer's claims.
NO if the statement contradicts the writer's claims.
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this.
5 In developing nations, birth rates are falling at a slower rate than death rates.
6 All the countries with the most promising prospects for expansion in the next 10 years are in Africa
7 Malnutrition has a direct effect on both physical and intellectual development.
8 Poor nutrition during pregnancy does not affect the development of the child's brain.
9 It is essential for developing nations to devise strategies for taking care of the sick.
Questions 10- 13
Answer questions 10- 13 with words from the text. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.