Good Practices in SWM - A Collection of LGU Experiences

Good Practices in SWM — A Collection of LGU Experiences
Suggested Citation: EcoGov Project. 2011. Good Practices in SWM — A Collection of LGU Experiences. Philippine
Environmental Governance (EcoGov) Project, Pasig City, Philippines
Published with assistance from the American people through the U.S. Agency for International Development’s
(USAID) Philippine Environmental Governance 2 (EcoGov 2) Project. Month and year of publication: June
2011.
The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the USAID or the United States Government.
Editors: Maria Theresa Espino-Yap, Rebecca R. Paz, Clarissa Militante
Contributing Writers: Evelyn Sagun, Maria Theresa Espino-Yap, Diego Tautho, Mary Rose Rontal, Kent
Omictin, Apple Kristine Amor, Gil Viloria, Revelina Bayona, Stella Maris Salas
Final Editing: Carmenia May M. Magno
Layout and Print Production: Lume Y. Inamac
Photo Credits: EcoGov Field Staff
The Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov) is an initiative of the Government of the Philippines
implemented in partnership with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of the
Interior and Local Government, local government units and other stakeholders, funded by the United States
Agency for International Development and managed by Development Alternatives, Inc. and its Philippine-based
subcontractors:
 Cesar Virata & Associates, Inc.

 The Marine Environment and Resources Foundation, Inc.
 Orient Integrated Development Consultants, Inc.
 Resources, Environment and Economics Center for Studies, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................ ii
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1
EVOLVING BEST PRACTICES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES .......... 3
WASTE SEGREGATION AND DIVERSION ............................................................................................ 3

Best Practices in Waste Segregation and Diversion ..................................................... 4
Best Practice Stories..................................................................................................... 5
Challenges ................................................................................................................... 27
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT ...................................................................................................... 28

Best Practices ............................................................................................................. 28
Best Practice Stories................................................................................................... 29
Challenges ................................................................................................................... 37
WASTE DISPOSAL ....................................................................................................................... 38

Development and Operational Features of SLF Categories ....................................... 38
Best Practices ............................................................................................................. 39
Challenges ................................................................................................................... 47
RECOVERING COSTS .................................................................................................................... 48

Best Practices ............................................................................................................. 48
Challenges ................................................................................................................... 52
PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION .................................................................................................. 53

Best Practices ............................................................................................................. 53
Challenges ................................................................................................................... 62
GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences i

ACRONYMS
ARMM - Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao

ATC - Authority to Close
BESWMC - Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Committee
BLGU - Barangay Local Government Unit
CAB - Central Azucarera de Bais
CAO - City Agriculture Office
CBS - Central Board Student
CENRO - City Environment and Natural Resources Office
CLGU - City Local Government Unit
CWTS - Community Welfare Training Service
DAO - Department Administrative Order
DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DED - Detailed Engineering Design
ECC - Environmental Compliance Certificate
Ecogov2 - Philippine Environmental Governance 2 Project
EMF - Environment Management Fee
ESWM - Ecological Solid Waste Management
ESWMD - Ecological Solid Waste Management Division
ESWMO - Ecological Solid Waste Management Office
FGD - Focus Group Discussion
GSCCC - General Santos City Chamber of Commerce
IEE - Initial Environmental Examination
IEC - Information, Education and Communication
IGACOS - Island Garden City of Samal
IRA - Internal Revenue Allotment
FPA - Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority
ISWM - Integrated Solid Waste Management
KAP - Knowledge, Attitude and Practices
LEAP - Livelihood Enhancement and Peace Program
LCE - Local Chief Executive
LGU - Local Government Unit
MAO - Municipal Agriculture Office
MCHS - Maddela Comprehensive High School
MENRO - Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office
MEO - Municipal Engineer’s Office
MGB - Mines and Geo-sciences Bureau
MIT - Maddela Institute of Technology
MOA - Memorandum of Agreement
MPDO - Municipal Planning and Development Office
MPIO - Municipal Public Information Officer
MRF - Material Recovery Facility
NSWMC - National Solid Waste Management Commission
NVSU - Nueva Vizcaya State University
OPV - Open Pollinated Variety
QSC - Quirino State College
PENRO - Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office
ii THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

PEZA - Philippine Export Zone Authority
PHS - Paniki High School
PIA - Public Information Agency
PNP - Philippine National Police
PTWG - Provincial Technical Working Group
PUV - Public utility vehicle
RA - Republic Act
RCA - Residual Containment Area
SLF - Sanitary Landfill
SOCSKSARGEN - South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani, General Santos
SSG - Supreme Student Council
SWM - Solid Waste Management
TESDA - Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
THW - Toxic and Hazardous Waste
TWG - Technical Working Group
UBC - Universal Banana Corporation
URSUMCO - United Robina Sugar Milling Corporation
USAID - United Stated Agency for International Development
WACS - Waste Assessment and Characterization Study
GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences iii

iv THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)
INTRODUCTION
S olid waste management (SWM)

is no longer just a matter for
environmentalists. There is now
a legal framework that defines
what constitutes proper, effective
way for the adoption of a “systematic
and comprehensive” program for
solid waste management and
provided guidelines for effective
implementation. It identifies the steps
and efficient solid waste manage- that comprise an ecological solid
ment, and which gives responsibi- waste management, namely
lity to and requires accountability segregation and reduction at source,
from stakeholders, including local collection and transport, material
government units (LGUs) and recovery and processing, and disposal
waste generators. With the passing of solid waste. Each of these steps is
into law of Republic Act (RA) 9003 now being implemented in various
in 2000, SWM is now an ecological communities by local governments
issue that is being addressed and their constituents; ordinances
through good governance. have been passed to provide more
teeth to implementation and
RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste additional organizational bodies
Management Act of 2000 is the “Act within LGUs were created for specific
Providing for an Ecological Solid tasks and authorities under solid
Waste Management Program, waste management.
Creating the Necessary Institutional
Mechanisms and Incentives, In the years following the signing into
Declaring Certain Acts Prohibited law of RA 9003, several good practices
and Providing Penalties, Appro- have already emerged in the course
priating Funds Therefore, And For of local government units’
Other Purposes.” It has paved the implementation of its provisions. The
GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 1

USAID-funded Philippine Environmental well as the challenges that emerged from LGU
Governance Project (EcoGov), which was experiences, so that more practices may evolve and
implemented in 2004-2010, assisted LGUs in their more LGUs may be moved to integrate and
attempts to strengthen good governance, with the implement good governance and ecological solid
aim of creating impact on solid waste management. waste management.
This publication is a documentation of best practice

stories on SWM. It aims to capture the lessons as
2 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

EVOLVING BEST PRACTICES IN
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PROCESSES
WASTE SEGREGATION AND DIVERSION
Republic Act 9003 mandates LGUs As defined by law, waste diversion is
to divert 25% of their solid wastes the reduction of biodegradable and
by Year 2005. The rate of reduction recyclable wastes brought to the
in solid wastes should also increase disposal facility through composting,
every three years thereafter. re-use and recycling at source or in a
centralized SWM facility. A
Philippine EcoGov waste
characterization study in 2004 on 42
Waste Profile LGUs showed that, on the average,
80% of total solid wastes generated
Waste Type City Municipality by a city or municipality are
Bio 62% 64% biodegradable and recyclable. If these
Recyclable 18% 18% wastes are diverted from the disposal
site, the city’s/municipality’s
Residual 18% 17% disposal site need only to
Special 2% 1% accommodate 20% of residual and
special waste.
Source: EcoGov WACS Study for 42 LGUs

It is, thus, necessary for LGUs to direct resources such as materials recovery facilities or MRFs.
and interventions towards biodegradable and Having limited resources, LGUs need to do
recyclable waste management. With this proper matching of volume of bio and
intervention, the LGU does not only complying recyclable wastes with capacity, scale and
with the mandated 25% waste diversion. It also technology of MRFs. Their ability to do this
generates socio-economic and ecological benefits. has bearing on the level of subsidies that LGUs
Processing biodegradable wastes into compost need to provide for MRF operations.
primarily reduces groundwater contamination
from leachate and decreases methane production  Strengthening local partnerships and
caused by this waste type. This significantly community participation. Involving local
contributes to improved public health and partners, such as academic institutions, eases
sustainable environmental management system. the burdens of LGUs, thus allowing them to
Diverting biodegradable and recyclable wastes allocate additional resources for other SWM
also lessens the cost of waste disposal management, components. For one, involving academic
thereby, lengthening the sanitary landfills’ (SLFs) institutions in SWM is a strategic approach that
productive life, as only residual wastes are taken encourages point sources to develop
to the disposal facility. The LGUs cost for collection themselves as SWM models. Schools help
and transport—which cover manpower, fuel, address technology and information gaps as
vehicles and other equipment – is also reduced. they have the capability to explore other
options for effective waste management.
BEST PRACTICES IN WASTE Acknowledging the recycling sector as partners

in material recovery and processing, and not
SEGREGATION AND DIVERSION as competitors, has helped the growth of this
sector. Linking households, industries, schools
 Full enforcement of proper waste segregation and business establishments with local buyers
at source. Achieving significant waste of recyclable materials has resulted in increased
diversion entails waste segregation at source. market efficiency. Participation of these local
The latter is key to maximizing gains from buyers in SWM planning and implementation
waste diversion. Active participation of waste of activities also boosted their morale and
generators in waste diversion depends on created a sense of ownership of the LGU’s SWM
proper waste segregation at source during program.
which on-site re-use, recycling and composting
are promoted. In order for Materials Recovery  Recovering costs of bio waste management and
Facilities (MRFs) to effectively operate and be facilitating market growth for recyclable
efficient in terms of cost and output, waste wastes. These two create sustainability in waste
generators need to do waste segregation at diversion efforts. Marketing of composting
source. products generate income that can cover, even
if only partly, costs of operating the facilities.
To increase compliance, EcoGov’s partner This, in turn, affects the sustainability of the
LGUs included mandatory waste segregation facilities. Providing venue for trading of
at source in local SWM ordinances. To recyclable wastes, such as a Recyclable Waste
strengthen enforcement of waste segregation Fair, and being able to link waste generators
at source, the LGUs developed enforcement and the recycling sector promote sustained
plans, trained and deputized SWM enforcers, market activities for recyclable wastes.
and charged fines and penalties. They also
prescribed separate and appropriate  Increasing the awareness of consumers on
receptacles for biodegradable, recyclable, benefits of organic foods. More and better
residual and special wastes and gave promotion by provincial and city/municipal
incentives, such as awards, for compliance. LGUs of organic farming results in revenue
generation from compost production while
 Informed decision-making during the achieving waste diversion. Farmers and
establishment and operation of SWM facilities, agricultural plantation owners also benefit as
they are able to buy soil enhancer at lower costs.

BEST PRACTICE STORIES
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental
An Ordinance and Innovative Ways Help
Enforce Waste Segregation
Enforcing the law at the local level can open

opportunities for both enforcers and followers to
be creative. Bayawan City is showing the way in
terms of innovative schemes ensuring that its
Comprehensive SWM Ordinance, Municipal
Ordinance No. 63 enacted in December 2005, is
followed. Wastes are checked if properly segregated before being
loaded to collection truck.
The ordinance was passed in accordance with buy stickers from the Office of the Public Market
Bayawan’s Ten-Year Integrated Solid Waste before the scheduled collection. Schools and
Management (ISWM) Plan, adopted and government-owned offices are exempted from the
legitimized in August 2004. Results of waste sticker system. Stickers are bought at P2/piece and
assessment conducted for the city in 2003 showed are used as tags in waste receptacles. Regular
that the city LGU has to manage 69.8 tons of wastes enforcers, before loading wastes into collection
of which 53% are biodegradable, 14% are vehicles, check if waste receptacles have stickers
recyclable, 27% are residual and 6% are special. and wastes are properly segregated. If receptacles
These data do not include sugar canin June 2006 do not have stickers and wastes are mixed, the
while that in the expansion barangays commenced LGU’s collection crews do not collect the wastes.
in November 2008. The trash generated within the
municipality. Sugarcanes are planted in an
estimated 10,351 hectares of the city’s land area and
leave about 11.5 tons trash/hectare1.
The ordinance classifies into four types the wastes

needed to be segregated at source: biodegradable,
recyclable, residual and special wastes. At present, Garbage collection
waste segregation at source is fully enforced in the sticker used by
Bayawan City
city’s urban barangays—Banga, Suba, Ubos, Boyco,
Tinago, Poblacion and Villareal—and in the three
rural expansion barangays of Malabugas,
Maninihon and Pangatban. Full enforcement of The ISWM Ordinance prohibits:
waste segregation at source in the seven urban  Placing garbage along collection route without the
barangays started required garbage sticker or tag;
 Littering, throwing, dumping of wastes in public
Another important provi-sion of the ordinance is places;
the no segregation – no sticker – no collection  Urinating, defecating, spitting and other unhealthy
policy, adopted in September 2008. Households, practices in public places;
establish-ments and institu-tions are required to  Non-segregation of wastes;
 Non-observance of collection schedules;
Collection schedule within collection area, including the indiscriminate placing of garbage along the collection
public market route way before the scheduled collection period;
 Bio: Monday, Wednesday and Friday  Improper disposal of special wastes;
 Residual: Tuesday and Saturday  Indiscriminate dumping of biodegradable wastes;
 Special Wastes: Every 1st Thursday of the month  Dumping of non-segregated wastes, and;
 Open burning of solid wastes.
1
Philippine Environmental Governance 2 Project. 2008. Study Report on Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates from Burning or
Composting Cane Trash and Biodegradable/Residual Solid Wastes in Negros Island and Bayawan City and Their Implications

Here are some of the more innovative ways nightly inspections. Each of the three
undertaken by the Bayawan LGU: enforcement groups has a leader. An
Enforcement Team Coordinator supervises all
 Forums. In a forum sponsored by the city enforcement activities. Deputized regular and
government, over 100 sugarcane planters and auxiliary enforcers report to their group leaders
landowners in Bayawan City pledged to and the group leaders, in turn, report to the
refrain from burning farm
wastes. They expressed
willingness and interest to Trash burning is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG)
explore other methods of emissions. Canes burned before cutting generate
disposing wastes produced in approximately 13.78 tons of GHG/ha. GHGs components
sugarcane fields. They include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane which are
promised to undergo training harmful to the environment and public health.
in sustainable disposal
methods.
Coordinator. For recording purposes, copies of
 School-based Information Campaign. St. citation tickets are attached to the reports.
Augustine Academy Foundation, a private Actual expenses incurred in enforcement
school with 500 students, volunteered to activities are taken from the annual budget
launch an information drive among its allocated by the City LGU (CLGU) for SWM.
students while the city’s SWM enforcers went
around collection areas to campaign.  Good News-Bad News Workshop. As a
Monitoring and Evaluation tool, the Good
 Disincentives. Violation of above prohibited News-Bad News Workshop is held every last
acts are fined P200 during 1st offense, P500 or Thursday of the month. Attended by garbage
an imprisonment of seven days to one month collection personnel and representatives from
in 2nd offense and P1,000 or imprisonment of other LGU offices such as the City Treasury,
one month in third offense. Households, and Legal and Planning, issues and problems
establish-ments or institutions that are not related to enforcement are discussed in this
practicing proper waste collection and monthly workshop. This is also a venue where
segregation at source will be fined P1,000 for the list of apprehended violators is reported.
every violation. Good performing enforcers are also
recognized in this activity.
 Trained and deputized
enforcers. Two enforcers
regularly go with the collection Benefits of Waste Segregation and Diversion
crew during waste collection
while Barangay Tanods,  100% compliance in waste segregation
deputized as auxiliary  Waste reduction at source and savings for the LGU
enforcers, report to these owing to the strict enforcement of the sticker system
regular enforcers. No volunteer and through composting or feeding of biodegradable
enforcers have been deputized. wastes (kitchen wastes) to animals, and re-use or selling
In the public market, there are of recyclable materials;
six regular enforcers assigned.  A waste collection schedule and route decreased the
At night, five regular enforcers number of collection trips, thus saving on fuel costs;
are tasked to check on the “hot  Less littering and indiscriminate dumping of wastes in
spots” from 10 pm to 12 vacant lots and coastal areas.
midnight, and from 4 am to 6  Fines and penalties not only discouraged violation but
am. An auxiliary police goes also earned revenues for the LGU.
with the team during these

Jagna, Bohol and vectors in the area are effectively controlled
Reliable, Efficient Composting Facility by the LGU. The location is easily accessible to
waste collection dump truck which can easily pass
The central composting through the barangay road.
facility of Jagna, Bohol The area has water and
province, started operating electricity. There is an
in December 2006. The adjacent area that the LGU
LGU-managed facility can acquire should it decide
processes biodegra-dable to increase its operations
wastes collected mainly beyond its current capacity
from the public market and or to establish a demo
commercial establishments. organic farm.
The LGU through a
Comprehensive SWM Ordi- The designed capacity of
nance made composting at Jagna’s central composting facility the facility corresponds to
source mandatory in Jagna, the projected volume of
thus, obligating biodegradable wastes for
most households processing. It
and institutions Storage Area has a total pro-
(e.g., schools) to cessing capacity
practice back- of 1.5 tons of
of non-bio wastes
composting bins
Rubber Rubber Rubber biodegradable

and removing
yard compost-
for cooling
Bins Bins Bins

Concrete
ing. Those unable wastes per day
Fermentation Area
leachate collector and will still
to do so have to Rubber Rubber Rubber
pay additional allow for a
Bins Bins Bins
fees for the possible 0.5-ton
leachate collector
collection of their Rubber Rubber Rubber increase on this
composting bins
Bins volume.
night crawlers
Bins Bins
biodegradable
Concrete
leachate collector
African
waste.
with
Rubber Rubber Rubber Jagna uses

Bins Bins Bins
The facility is vermi-compost-
ing techno-logy.
Shredder
located 1.5 kilo- Area for dumping

meters from the Its semi-mecha-
Area for of collected bio waste
town center. shredded
nized operation
and secondary
Situated in a 520 bio wastes segregation has hastened the
square meter composting
area at Sitio Compost Shed period. The faci-
Carmoli, Baran- Composting Facility Lay-Out, Jagna, Bohol lity uses a
gay Pagina, one gasoline-
of the municipa- powered shred-
lity’s urban ding machine,
barangays, the Fermentation in Transfer to larger concrete which has a
Secondary composting bins to cool
Shredding rubber bins capacity to
facility is in a segregation and to remove any
(12-15 days) shred one-half
neighborhood non-biodegradable
of a number of
wastes mixed to it ton per hour. By
households. The mechanizing the
Transfer to smaller shredding of
nearest resi- Sifting, drying and placing concrete composting bins
dence is about of compost in sacks; and mixed with biodegradable
50 meters from temporarily African night crawlers wastes, the LGU
stored in bodega to hasten composting process
it. So far, there (1 month
is able to imme-
have been no with watering diately place in
every 3 days) composting bins
complaints on
the facility’s Composting Flow, Jagna, Bohol all biodegra-
operation. Odor dable wastes

that are delivered, thus avoiding accumulation of is bottomless and acts as a leach hole where the
raw biodegradable waste on the grounds of the pre-treated leachate joins the soil to percolate.
facility. This also results in savings for the LGU Collected leachate is not re-used. A leachate
since spending on gasoline for the shredding collection system has been installed to protect the
machine is relatively cheaper than hiring additional creek adjacent to the composting facility.
personnel to do manual shredding. With all other
opera-tions manual, total operating expenses are The bins for curing and vermi-composting are
kept low. made from concrete materials (see picture). Unlike
indigenous materials such as bamboo or sacks,
The lay-out of the facility allows for the efficient vermi-composting concrete bins require less labor
flow of materials through the different steps. The because the structure is permanent and need almost
fermentation bins used are made from locally avai- no maintenance. However, concrete bins are
lable rubber tires. The structure of the bins relatively more expensive than those made of
provides good indigenous materials.
aeration. The bins
are placed on The construction of the facility cost P550,000 while
narrow concrete monthly operating expenses average P20,000.
“flooring” which Presently, the LGU produces 35 sacks of compost a
catches the leachate month. Thirty sacks are sold at P200 per sack while
and directs it to the the remaining 5 sacks are used for the LGU’s
leachate collector. vegetable garden. While the LGU’s average
The bins are monthly earnings of P6000 barely covers its
durable and require monthly operating expenses for the composting
very little main- facility, the corresponding decrease in the LGU’s
tenance. operating expenses for collection, transport and
disposal as a result of waste diversion is incentive
Fermentation bins used in Jagna’s central The leachate is enough for the LGU to continue its subsidy for the
composting facility collected through composting facility. The LGU aims to improve its
gravity into a operations to increase earnings from the
three-chambered composting facility.
leachate collection
and treatment The Solid Waste Management Officer manages the
facility. The anae- facility. Two staff members are assigned as
robic process composting technicians. They were trained in
which involves the secondary segregation, as well as in the shredding,
breaking down of mixing, piling and packaging of compost. The
the sludge takes SWM Officer regularly convenes the staff to get
place in the first feedbacks on the progress of their tasks. The waste
two chambers collection crew and enforcers monitor the amount
made from drums. of biodegradable wastes taken to the composting
Leachate collector The third chamber facility.
Benefits
 The composting facility diverts about 18% of the total waste within the collection area.
 The use of vermi-composting technology shortens the processing period by almost a month. It is also less labor-
intensive but produces high quality compost products.
 Initiatives of the LGU to keep operating costs low through semi-mechanization, efficient processes, vermi-composting,
use of local materials and re-use of leachate enhances the sustainability of the facility.
 LGU recovers 32% of total operating costs and plans to increase this.
 The composting facility produces 35 sacks of high quality compost per month, selling around 85% or 30 sacks of
compost produced to local farmers and gardeners. The remaining compost products are used by the LGU in a
vegetable garden.

Diffun, Qurino
SWM Highlights Local Partnership
When the Diffun Solid Waste Management-Technical

Working Group (SWM-TWG) completed its waste analysis
and characterization study in August 2003, it found out that
the town’s public market was generating 1.8 tons of
biodegradable wastes per day. The wastes accounted for
more than 50% of the total biodegradable wastes disposed
at the LGU’s dumpsite. It became immediately apparent that
the LGU had to do something about the public market. And
it did, by turning this major waste generator into a showcase
for waste segregation. The public market now contributes
to the success of the LGU’s composting program.
To persuade market vendors and buyers to practice waste

segregation, the LGU provided the necessary support: an Approximately 0.72 tons of bio wastes from the public
efficient waste collection system and a place where the market are delivered daily to QSC’s composting facility by
biodegradable wastes can be processed. The LGU was MLGU.
fortunate that the Quirino State College (QSC) agreed to
provide the latter. The QSC at that time had just established
a composting facility to support its demonstration farms
and it was looking for a steady source of biodegradable
wastes.
In May 2006, the Diffun LGU and QSC forged a

Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) committing the LGU
to deliver biodegradable wastes to the QSC compound. It
also specified that the LGU would provide equipment and
tools for the operation of the facility. To meet this
commitment, the LGU needed to strictly implement waste
segregation at the public market. QSC, for its part, would
be responsible for the daily operation of the facility. Vegetable rejects from the public market with manure and
other agricultural waste are mixed to produce quality
The Composting Facility compost.
The composting facility, located in Barangay Andres

Bonifacio, started running in March 2006. In May 2006,
USAID-funded EcoGov Project provided QSC with a small
grant for the construction of a compost shed and concrete
windrows, and for the expansion of QSC’s education
campaign.
The composting facility is strategically located within the

Animal Science Complex of QSC. The latter provides the
animal manure additive to the biodegradable wastes. It is
accessible through a concrete and gravel road from the
public market (350 meters away) and nearby farms which
are sources of other raw materials. It has a sufficient area
around it for future expansion. Agricultural wastes being processed in QSC’s composting
facility
The facility is capable of processing 44 tons of biodegradable
wastes per composting season (two months), producing 240
cavans or 12 tons of compost per season. In its first two years

of operations, the compost facility produced 960
cavans of compost. Of this total, 500 sacks were sold Collection
Collectionofofbio
biowastes
wastes
at P150 per sack, generating a total income of from
from the PublicMarket
the Public Marketby
by
P75,000. The remaining 460 sacks were used as soil MLGU
MLGU
enhancer in QSC’s farm, generating a total savings
(Monday-Saturday)
(Monday-Saturday)
(or non-cash income) of
P69, 000. The facility, however, has limited excess
capacity. It will need to establish more windrows
and expand its drying shed to be able to increase
Delivery
Deliveryofofbio
biowaste
wastetoto
production or accommodate biodegradable wastes
composting
compostingfacility
facility
from other sources.
QSC uses windrow composting technology

through raw materials that are free and abundant
within the QSC and nearby areas. It is able to Inspection
Inspectionofofquality
qualityofofbio
bio
produce high quality compost by mixing the waste
waste and recordingofofthe
and recording the
vegetable rejects from the public market with volume
volumeofofwaste
wastedelivered
delivered
manure (from goat, cattle, hog and chicken) and
other agricultural wastes (rice straw, leaves, corn
husks, banana leaves and grasses). During the
Mixing
Mixingofofbiowaste,
biowaste,animal
animal
curing process, compost enhancers are applied to
manure,
manure,carbonized
carbonizedhulls
hulls
shorten the decomposition period from two months
and
andother
othercomponents
componentsinin
to three weeks. This increases the capacity of QSC
the
theair
airdrying
dryingarea
areathen
then
to produce more compost. QSC gets its compost
loading
loadingtotobins
bins
enhancers from the University of the Philippines
in Los Baños. Composting operations are mostly
done manually thus operating cost is kept low. Only
the shredding is mechanized.
Curing
Curing(6(6months)
months)turning
turning
The facility’s leachate management is noteworthy. (every
(every77days)
days)
The six concrete bins have a sloping design that
enables the leachate to flow into a cemented canal,
which then slants towards an area planted to
Harvesting
Harvesting(1(1day)
day)and
andair
air
Napier grass serving as leachate collector. The
drying (2 weeks)
drying (2 weeks)
leachate fertilizes the grass, which are used as
livestock feeds.
Sieving
Sievingand
andbagging
bagging
Storage
Storageand
andmarketing
marketing
Diagram 1.Composting Process, QSC, Diffun, Quirino
Compost soil enhancer produced in the facility is also used in QSC’s

demonstration farms.

The Team In-Charge compost produced and disposed. It prepares
regular reports to QSC management and the
A manager and three full-time laborers man the municipal LGU, particularly on the volume and the
facility, with a QSC faculty member serving as quality (i.e., the residual waste content) of
consultant. The manager and the consultant oversee biodegradable wastes delivered by LGU.
the technical and administrative aspects of
composting operations. They also provide training municipality. As a member of the LGU’s ESWM
to interested farmers and orientation to visitors. The Board since 2004, QSC regularly provides feedback
consultant, whose tasks involve the conduct of on the progress of compost operations and results
researches on composting methods, serves as the of researches, and recommends actions that can
Focal Person of QSC in Diffun LGU. The manager improve the SWM program. This feedback system
is a permanent staff of QSC while the laborers are provides the partners the opportunity to come up
hired through service contracts. The manager with strategies that help improve and sustain
directly reports to the president of QSC. segregation in the public market and in other areas.
The LGU-QSC collaboration highlights the
The QSC project team records all deliveries of raw importance of local partnership in the success of
materials to the facility, the labor inputs used, the SWM initiatives.
processing schedules followed and the volume of
Benefits
 LGU meets the required minimum 25% waste diversion.
 With this rate of diversion, the SLF’s useful life is increased while leachates are reduced.
 The LGU has reduced the annual cost of its SWM operations and saved on the cost of daily transport to the
site.
 For QSC, the compost facility is a potential income source as there is demand for compost from rice and
vegetable farmers. The QSC recovered the cost of its operations from the initial income generated from the
facility in the past two years. This income enabled QSC to invest in the construction of two additional windrows.
 The facility provides support to the promotion of organic farming in Diffun and in Quirino through the sale of
compost.
 The QSC has now become one of Quirino’s and Region II’s SWM learning sites frequented by visitors from
nearby towns and provinces.

Maddela, Quirino
Joint Venture in Waste Diversion and
Income Generation
Maddela’s central composting facility is jointly

managed by the Maddela Institute of Techno-
logy (MIT), a technical-vocational school under
the supervision of the Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and the
local government of Maddela, Quirino Province,
by virtue of an agreement forged in 2004. The
joint undertaking was borne out of intertwined
concerns of the two institutions: MIT needed an
additional and steady source of raw materials
for a composting venture which it started in 2000
while the LGU was concerned about fulfilling its
mandate to divert solid wastes from the disposal
facility.
MIT’s composting facility
Maddela’s central composting facility is jointly wastes to MIT’s composting site. MIT, in turn, will
managed by the Maddela Institute of Techno-logy be responsible for the processing of biodegradable
(MIT), a technical-vocational school under the wastes and in the marketing of soil compost
supervision of the Technical Education and Skills produced. The partners will then share the profits
Development Authority (TESDA), and the local on a 75%-25% basis, in favor of MIT.
government of Maddela, Quirino Province, by
virtue of an agreement forged in 2004. The joint Before the agreement, MIT used as raw materials
undertaking was borne out of intertwined concerns agricultural wastes generated from its farms and
of the two institutions: MIT needed an additional adopted the heap-type natural decomposition
and steady source of raw materials for a method. With the agreement, about 1,894
composting venture which it started in 2000 while kilograms/week of biodegradable wastes from the
the LGU was concerned about fulfilling its mandate public market, central business district and two
to divert solid wastes from the disposal facility. town barangays are brought to the disposal facility.
MIT thus decided to improve its composting
According to the agreement, the LGU will enforce method and increase the capacity of its facility. It
waste segregation in the public market and central availed of a small grant from the USAID-funded
business district and deliver the biodegradable EcoGov Project for the construction of cemented
windrows and drying shed. The facility currently
utilizes 12 cemented windrows, each one
accommodating up to 7,350 to 8,000 kilos of organic
waste. On the average, the facility can process
92,100 kilos of wastes per composting season which
takes about four months.
MIT is approximately 15 kilometers away from the

town center. Though the road leading to MIT is
concrete, the distance allowed only for the delivery
to be made every Monday and Friday. The LGU
established a transfer station near the public market
to serve as temporary stock area for biodegradable
wastes recovered from the collection sites. Before
these are transported to the facility, enzymes are
Biodegradable wastes processed in MIT are from the public applied to reduce odor and hasten decomposition.
market and central business district.

Composting Process The facility utilizes both
manual and mechanical
Composting starts with the methods. Shredding, sieving
delivery of organic wastes from and air drying are done
the collection areas to the manually. The shredder,
facility. The wastes are chopped mechanical drier, and sieve are
into smaller parts and then are used when there is a need to
piled inside the windrows, speed up production. Loading
mixed with shredded green of raw biodegradable wastes
leaves and hog manure. After the into the windrows, turning,
application of lactobacilli, the harvesting, and bagging are
compostable materials are also done manually. The LGU
covered. Turning is done once a pays for the salaries of two
month for four months, laborers who are being
depending on the temperature supervised by two full-time
of the compostable materials. MIT staff.
After four months, the compost
soil is harvested and air dried In 2006, samples of soil
either in the air shed or through Three-chambered leachate pond of MIT’s conditioners produced from
composting facility the facility were tested by the
the use of composting drums.
Compost is then sieved to get rid Fertilizer and Pesticide
of the contaminants. Before Authority (FPA) which
it is packed, the compost is subsequently issued a
mixed with bat manure to license to the institution
give the soil more nutrients. to produce organic
fertilizer.
MIT’s cemented bins are
sloped to enable the As of January 2007, a total
leachate to flow into the of 16,800 kilos or 336
cemented canal leading to sacks of soil compost have
the three-chambered been produced. Of this
leachate pond. Accumu- volume, 41 sacks were
lated leachate is used for given to the LGU as its
watering the compost. share, four sacks were
MIT’s compost has passed FPA’s standards for used in MIT’s organic
Cemented windrow bins
organic fertilizer. gardens and farms, 16
are more environment-
friendly as they prevent infiltration of compost sacks were given for free
leachate into groundwater. They also prevent the to local farmers, and 255 were sold at P150 per
mixing of compost with soils or other sack. Proceeds from the sales of compost accrue in
contaminants during turning. the MIT’s funds for operations.
Benefits
 Wastes taken to dumpsite have been reduced; the composting activity in MIT comprises about 18 percent of total
diverted wastes.
 Decrease in annual SWM operating cost and savings in the daily cost of transporting and managing biodegradables
brought to the dumpsite.
 MIT’s income from this business venture has grown with the increasing demand for organic fertilizer in the area. By
making the composting product available to farmers, local awareness on the importance of using organic fertilizer
also increased. The facility also serves as training ground for local farmers in organic farming.
 Like QSC, the MIT is now considered one of Quirino’s and the region’s SWM learning sites. In addition to the
composting facility, MIT also has a successful SWM program in its campus.

Northern Luzon students and barangay officials. Classrooms were
Schools actively participate in waste required to set up garbage bins and students were
asked to observe proper segregation. A solid waste
diversion management enforcement team was also organized
to spearhead regular monitoring of compliance to
Bagabag National High School waste segregation.
San Geronimo, Bagabag, Nueva
Vizcaya A school material recovery facility (MRF) was also
set up for the temporary storage of factory
The implementation of a Solid Waste Management returnable collected from each classroom. A
Program in Bagabag National High School is compost facility is likewise established where soil
closely linked with the Department of Education’s composts are produced for the school’s organic
thrust of molding young leaders as responsible garden.
citizens. Indeed, assigning SWM responsibilities to
students bodes well with their goal of inculcating The school also has a tie-up with a local junk shop
a sense of social responsibility and consciousness for the recyclables that are recovered by the school.
on environmental concerns. The junk shop keeps record of the materials that
are recovered and submits this to the municipal
In the implementation of the program, the principal LGU which is monitoring the diversion of
designated a Solid Waste Management Coordinator recyclable waste.
and enjoined the active involvement of the teachers,
Maddela Institute of Technology segregation messages were developed and

Maddela, Quirino distributed to the students. Murals with waste
segregation messages were likewise set up in
Believing that the best way to persuade people is strategic places. The SWM Coordinator monitored
to exemplify proper waste management, MIT waste segregation compliance within the campus
initiated the implementation of its SWM education and provided regular feed backing to the SWM
program within the campus. MIT created a SWM committee and school principal.
Committee and designated a Solid Waste
Management Coordinator. As part of its solid waste With waste segregation widely practiced in the
management action plan, it installed properly school, MIT offered to help the municipal LGU in
marked receptacles for segregated wastes in all promoting waste segregation within the collection
buildings. Leaflets and flyers with waste area. It helped in the waste segregation campaigns

in the poblacion barangays. The institution’s Aside from helping Maddela achieve its SWM
Supreme Student Council teamed up with objectives, MIT’s SWM initiatives helped increase
barangay officials and SWM enforcers in awareness of its students on SWM concerns. This
monitoring household compliance in barangay went well with the institution’s mission of
Poblacion Norte. The strategy worked. From 40% producing graduates who are not only
waste segregation compliance, 80% compliance was academically and technologically equipped, but
achieved within a month. also service and value-oriented individuals.
Maddela Comprehensive High  Creation of an ESWM Committee and

designation of an ESWM Coordinator
School
 Formulation of SWM policies for the school
Maddela, Quirino that were consistent with the municipal
ordinance but also attuned to school conditions
In 2005, Maddela Comprehensive High School, a  Deputation of the ESWM Task Force to educate
public secondary school, forged a pact with students and enforce the policies
barangay Poblacion Norte where it agreed to  Designation of collection points and clear
implement integrated waste management within collection schedules
the campus. The agreement stipulated that only  Establishment of MRFs for recyclables and
residual wastes will be collected by the barangay. compost bins for biodegradables
 Intensive IEC and integration of environmental
The school readily complied with its commitment. and ESWM principles in academic subjects
It was able to institutionalize proper waste  Establishment of a recognition and awards
management within the campus. Its initiatives were system for best SWM implementors at the
recognized by the provincial government of classroom level.
Quirino when it was adjudged in 2006 as one of
the best institutions for waste diversion. The ESWM Task Force has adopted various
communication strategies to intensify its campaign.
MCHS waste diversion objectives was achieved Flag-raising ceremonies are used as venues for
through the following: SWM discussion as well as to feedback results of
classroom inspections. SWM concerns are likewise

raised in the Supreme Student Government (SSG) presidents have been made responsible for proper
and staff meetings. Signages with waste segregation marking of waste receptacles and monitoring waste
and composting messages are likewise prominently segregation compliance within the classroom.
placed within the campus premises. In teaching
Makabayan and Science subjects, some topics on With the exposure and active involvement of the
SWM are included as part of students’ learning students in the school’s SWM program, the
competencies. Class projects of students include probability of students applying good SWM
creating posters and recycling materials. Classroom practices in their homes increases.
Saint Teresita’s Academy placards with waste segregation messages are

Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya installed within the school premises. Every
Monday, student leaders give a talk on SWM. The
Saint Teresita’s Academy is one of Aritao’s school paper is also used as a vehicle for
showcases for proper waste management. Here, communicating SWM messages.
students take the lead role in implementing proper
waste management.. Waste segregation has become Every month, the school conducts a search for the
a part of the students’ way of life allowing the Best Section Practicing Waste Segregation. A team
efficient recovery of recyclables and the composting of students composed of the Central Board Student
of biodegradable materials. (CBS) President, Science Club President and year-
level representatives, and department heads
Each classroom has set up properly labeled monitor every classroom and do the rating and
receptacles for different types of waste as well as selection of classrooms observing cleanliness and
SWM Corners where information materials on proper waste segregation.
proper waste management, salient features of RA
9003 and the town’s municipal ordinance are All these efforts have paid off. Only residual wastes
posted. The school also operates an MRF for are now collected by the LGU’s garbage truck which
recyclables and a compost facility. Billboards and goes to the school every Wednesday.

Nueva Vizcaya State University The university strictly enforces source segregation
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya in its six colleges. To facilitate compliance,
receptacles are established in each college while
As a member of the municipal IEC team, Nueva SWM Coordinators are assigned to monitor
Vizcaya State University (NVSU) in Bayombong implementation of the policy. SWM concerns are
provides training to barangay officials and SWM integrated in student activities like orientation of
Coordinators in composting technology. The school new students, intramurals and Community Welfare
showcases two composting facilities applying two Training Service (CWTS).
technologies – vermi-composting and composting
with the use of trichoderma. NVSU also established The university’s SWM program subsidizes the
a mushroom production center which uses rice tuition fees of two students who assist the SWM
stalks, among others, as bedding materials. Coordinator in implementing the program. Income
Residues are then brought to the compost facility from the sale of recyclables recovered and compost
to hasten decomposition and to enrich the compost. produced in the university are used for this
purpose.
Paniki High School biodegradable wastes. SWM concerns are included

Paniki, Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya in some school subjects and are always integrated
in school programs. Essay writing and poster-
One of the waste generators that support the SWM making with SWM themes are held and school
Program of Bagabag is the Paniki High School programs make use of decorations made of waste
(PHS). One of the school officials has been made materials. The school established a tie-up with a
member of the town’s SWM Board. As a member, local junkshop. Sale of recyclables is properly
he is apprised of the town’s SWM situation and the documented and the income is plowed back to
role that academic institutions can perform to help SWM projects.
address SWM concerns.
PHS has institutionalized the search for best
And so, a solid waste management program classrooms and zones in waste segregation, with
consistent with the Bagabag 10-Year SWM Plan was the winners receiving certificates of recognition
conceived. School officials, teachers and its 300 and cash incentives taken from the proceeds of the
students worked together to advance its sale of recyclables.
implementation.
With its SWM program in place, only residual
The school established properly marked waste wastes are now being collected by the LGU which
segregation receptacles. It made operational an is strictly enforcing its ‘no segregation no
MRF for recyclables and a compost facility for collection’ policy.

Jagna, Bohol barangays. The SWM problems in these barangays
Lessons on social marketing are most pressing because this is where the major
waste generators are found. Besides, these
In 2006, after two years of the Jagna SWM Plan’s barangays are located in the coastal areas. Total
legitimization and the ISWM Ordinance’s population of these barangays comprised 31% of
enactment, in the behavior of major waste the entire population of Jagna.
generators within the LGU’s collection area, which
consisted of seven urban barangays, still did not Crucial to the development of the Social Marketing
show any changes. Residents did not segregate Plan was the conduct of Focus Group Discussion
waste because they did not have the knowledge and (FGD) among waste generators. It validated the
the drive to do it. Disposal of garbage using a single knowledge, attitude and practice or behavior (KAP)
container was still prevalent at that time. Thus, of major waste generators in the seven urban
implementation of segregated waste collection was barangays of the municipality. It also provided
unsuccessful. Open burning of wastes, believed to feedbacks on SWM issues of segregation, payment
reduce insects and hasten flowering of fruit trees, of garbage collection fees and composting.
was still a common practice. Backyard composting,
too, was improperly being done and was done by With validated SWM behaviors and knowledge,
only a few households. Households resort to drafting of the Social Marketing Plan was started.
digging of holes for yard and kitchen wastes. Since the municipal LGU would be the lead in
Additionally, compliance with collection of garbage carrying-out this Plan, the SWM-TWG was always
fees, as specified in the ISWM Ordinance, was poor. consulted on the integration of the different
components of the Plan. Key members of the SWM-
TWG, particularly the Chairman and the former
and present Coordinator of the SWM program,
were involved in the Plan development. Details of
the situational analysis, description of target
barangays, objectives and goals, messages,
promotional strategies, schedule of implementation
and funding were discussed. After series of
consultations, the draft Plan was finalized.
Prior to the implementation of the Plan, a Social

Marketing Core Group has been formed to serve
as “think-tank” for social marketing and key
Round-table discussion of Social Marketing Core Group of implementers of ideas, concepts and approaches.
Jagna, Bohol The Core Group is composed of the three technical
These problems urged the local government to staff involved in SWM, three local artists and the
strengthen its enforcement strategies and support Municipal Public Information Officer (MPIO). They
these with a social marketing campaign that will are supervised by the SWM-TWG’s Chairman.
motivate different waste generators to practice Local artists have been made part of the group to
desired SWM behaviors. Jagna LGU realized that provide creativity needed for the campaign
ISWM Plan objectives will not be achieved by mere materials to be developed.
enforcement activities. A social marketing
campaign was needed to put into action certain
behaviors and increase knowledge on the said
behaviors. Thus, a Social Marketing Plan was
developed for the SWM program of Jagna,
specifically for its seven urban barangays (Canjulao,
Can-upao, Pagina, Looc, Poblacion, Pangdan and
Tejero). EcoGov 2 provided Jagna LGU with an IEC
Specialist who assisted the LGU in developing the
plan.
Implementation of the ISWM Plan and the ISWM

Ordinance initially targeted the seven urban ISWM launching, Jagna, Bohol

Jagna’s Social Marketing Plan seeks to promote five posters and local radio
key behaviors among waste generators in the seven as local champion for
urban barangays of the municipality. proper waste manage-
ment.
 Segregation of wastes into biodegradable,
recyclable, residual and special wastes using  Composition of Basura
specially marked sacks with names of (Garbage) Song. Basura
households and types of wastes. These sacks Song, sang to the tune of
are bought from the municipal LGU at P15; Buchiki, has been used
in GOYO BOY’s
 Adherence to the system and schedule for the appearances. It is played
types of wastes to be collected; in different municipal-
wide events and in
 Recycling and re-use selected wastes; Radyo Natin.
 Payment of garbage collection fee as indicated  Development and

in the Ordinance; and distribution of SWM Goyo Boy, Jagna’s SWM Mascot
billboards and posters.
 Practice of proper composting of bio- SWM billboards and posters have been
degradable wastes. produced and placed in strategic areas – the
public market, schools and government
SWM social marketing activities carried-out are the buildings.
following:
 Use of recoreda or public announcement. A
 Conduct of IEC campaign in the seven urban recoreda or public announcement is done an
barangays; hour before waste is collected by the LGU. It is
a cue for waste generators to bring out their
 Strengthening of partnerships with key SWM wastes at designated areas for pick-up by
stakeholders. SWM orientations were LGU’s waste collection crew.
conducted for schools, religious and civic
groups, Public Utility Vehicle (PUV) operators,  Organization of Jagna Young Eco-Savers Club.
market stall owners and business establishment To encourage students to bring recyclable
operators in August 2006; waste materials to school, Young Eco-Savers
Club has been created. This has been piloted
 Tapping local radio program; in Canjulao Elementary School at Barangay
Canjulao and Jagna Central School at Barangay
 Development of key messages for SWM Tejero. Every Wednesday, students of Canjulao
billboards, posters and flyers. Elementary Schools are gathered and
 Launching of Jagna’s SWM Program on

August 15, 2006;
 Use of SWM mascot. A life-size mascot named

GOYO BOY has become Jagna’s SWM standard
bearer or official SWM character used by the
LGU. According to history, Captain Gregorio
“Guyo” Caseñas was a local leader of move-
ments against the Spaniards and Americans.
GOYO BOY was launched last September 20,
2006, Jagna’s 375th Foundation Day Celebration
when he danced to the town’s Basura (Garbage)
Song. He has been the endorser of the LGU’s
SWM messages (i.e waste segregation at source,
composting, recycling and payment of garbage Students bringing recyclable materials to school for Young Eco-
fees). He has also been used in billboards, Savers Club.

encouraged to join as members of the Young expected that this program will be successfully
Eco-Savers Club. Recyclable materials are expanded to all major schools within the urban
collected from students every Wednesday. barangays.
Every type of recyclable materials brought has
a corresponding point. Members of the Club  Model households for backyard composting
are given passbooks on which earned points have been constructed. There are, at present,
are recorded. Earned points have equivalent seven household backyard composting models
rewards that students can redeem. The rewards which serve as learning sites for households.
are mostly school supplies like pencils,
ballpens, paper, erasers, umbrella and t-shirts.  Use of local cable channel as information tool.
Teachers are also allowed to join the Club. Through the local cable channel, people are
Recyclable materials collected are stored in the reminded to segregate waste properly at source
schools’ MRFs for sale to junk buyers. It is and to follow the waste collection schedule.
Benefits
 Increased preparedness of the waste generators to undertake changes in SWM behaviors.

 60% compliance with waste segregation at source within LGU’s collection area.
 60% compliance of waste generators to waste collection schedule and mandated collection system
 80% of total households are practicing proper backyard composting
 48% efficiency in garbage fee collection. In 2008, the LGU generated P229,738 from garbage fees. 56% of total
households in the seven urban barangays avail of LGU’s waste collection service. 100% of commercial
establishments and institutions pay garbage fees. A total of P182,770 were collected from them in 2008. With The
revenues generated from garbage fees are used to finance waste collection.
 Reduced social marketing costs due to use of local talents
Davao Gulf
Active participation of barangay LGUs
make a difference in SWM implementation
Barangay Bagumbayan, Malalag, Davao del Sur
Mobilizing waste genera-tors for waste
segregation and diversion at source
Malalag opted to implement its SWM

program by phase and chose
Bagumbayan – one of 15 barangays -
as a pilot area to be developed into a
Above: Barangay Secretary Tessie Eliptico model site. Bagumbayan has 500
checks the contents of sacks in one of the households. Total population is 2,300.
households to ensure that waste is properly Waste generation is estimated at 690
segregated. Behind the sacks is a kilos daily.
composting bin. Only residual and
recyclable wastes with no local market are Actions taken included:
later put by households in common
collection points. Right: Posters such as this
have been installed in key areas in the  Reconstitution of Barangay
barangay. Far right: There are also bottles Ecological Solid Waste Manage-ment
where smokers could put their cigarette Committee (BESWMC);
butts. These bottles are usually placed near
sari-sari stores where people after a day’s  Enactment of SWM ordinance by
work often gather to exchange stories. Barangay Council mandating

residents to practice segre- Over at the Davao del
gation and do backyard Sur School of Fisheries
composting; (high school depart-
ment), the 1,400
 Mandatory participation of a students are deeply
school and a hospital within involved in the
the jurisdiction of Barangay barangay’s SWM prog-
Bagumbayan in SWM; ram. Composting bins
are strategically located
 Compliance monitoring by in the school where
district council members, students put the fallen
purok leaders and heads of leaves, wet paper and
various committees of the other biodegradable
barangay council have been they gather. The
tapped to monitor com- students also engage in
pliance; flower and vegetable
gardening.
 Giving of incentives; holding Bins for segregated waste are strategically
of a contest and giving of placed in the public market for Malalag. At the Golingay
cash prizes for “cleanest and Medical Center, a
greenest” purok, purok with doctor has been tapped
the best vegetable garden to man the helm in
and purok whose majority of implementing waste
households practice back- segregation. Orientation
yard composting. Eighty on proper waste
percent (80%) of Bagum- management has been
bayan’s households are now conducted for the
practicing waste segregation hospital staff and
and backyard composting; segregated collection of
waste is ongoing.
 Charging of fines. First
offenders pay a fine of P10;
second offenders, P20; third
offenders, P50; and fourth
offenders P50 plus commu- Composting activities at Davao School of
nity service; Fisheries
 Strict enforcement of waste segregation at the

70-stall Public Market
Barangay San Jose, Digos City,

Davao del Sur
Leading waste generators towards
improved waste diversion
Barangay San Jose, with a population of 4,000 and learning site where residents could see how
waste generation of about 1.2 tons daily, showcases composting and segregation are done, a Materials
the key roles of barangays in winning the war Recovery Facility (MRF) has been set-up in the
against waste. barangay hall compound along with a small vermi-
bed. A 500-sq.m. “Gulayan sa Barangay” has also
Composting coordinators per purok have later been been established where compost could be used.
appointed and provided some training. To have a Intensive information activities followed, targeting

households, business establishments, offices and implementing composting for all biodegradable
schools. A hospital was also tapped to become a waste from the kitchen and grass cutting. The
learning site for other hospitals in the city. The 75- hospital also has a small MRF where segregated
bed Digos Doctors’ Hospital is already waste is placed prior to collection by the city.
Top photo: Students at Ablayan Elementary School learn to segregate their waste.
Above left: Principal Espino and Barangay Captain Ortiz at the school composting
bin. Above right: CENRO and barangay officials visit the school’s herbal garden
which uses compost.
The hospital’s MRF

Barangay Bandera, Island Garden City of Samal (IGACOS), Davao del Norte
Educating its constituents on waste diversion
After reconstituting its BESWMC, Barangay In support of all these efforts, Barangay Bandera
Bandera conducted an information drive covering also installed collection points at five (out of seven)
two schools, a subdivision and a beach resort. At purok where residents put their residual waste to
the schools, teachers discuss with students about be collected by the city.
various ways to manage their waste, such as
reducing their waste, recycling and composting
biodegradables. A composting bed was established
in each of the schools to give students hands-on
experience. In Lawig Subdivision, an SWM team
was organized and clean-up drives were
conducted. Waste segregation at the subdivision is
ongoing. The Paradise Island Resort, where an
SWM orientation for the staff was held, also
practices waste segregation at source. Composting
of bio-waste is also done in the resort.
One of the five “transfer stations” (collection points) in Vermi-bed of Matanos National High School – Bandera
Barangay Bandera Campus
Barangay Sto. Niño, Panabo City, Davao del Norte

Profiting from waste diversion
Of the 11 urban barangays in Panabo City implementing

waste segregation at source, Sto. Nino, a barangay of 6,500
people, has been doing it the longest and is probably the
most enterprising among them. This is because Barangay
Sto. Nino operates its MRF like a junkshop, and like
junkshops, the MRF earns substantial income. The barangay
has been doing business with malls. In 2008, Barangay Sto.
Nino earned more than P200,000 for this enterprise. Revenues
from the activity are used for barangay projects of which
SWM plays an important role.
Last May, the Barangay Sto. Nino Council, together with the
CENRO, had an opportunity to assess its SWM program and Recyclable items, mostly coming from malls,
are arranged at the Barangay Sto. Niño MRF

fine-tune its activities to cover other waste
generators, such as schools. An action plan was
developed which included the conduct of SWM
orientations in Maryknoll College, Sto. Nino
Elementary School and the Francisco Adlaon
Learning Institute. SWM teams were organized in
each school. These teams are expected to fully
implement waste segregation and composting. At
the Maryknoll College, segregation bins are now
available.
Sto. Nino is also planning to engage in composting

as this would help address the problem with bio-
waste. Composting is also seen as a possible source
of income for the barangay. The city has already
Bgy. Sto. Niño’s shredder donated a shredder to the barangay for this
purpose.
Marawi City, Lanao del Sur

Revitalizing SWM Program in partnership with the Muslim Religious Leaders
The Islamic City of Marawi is the capital of the waste problems threatening the said water
Province of Lanao del Sur. 96% of its population is resource. Years of unchecked human and industrial
Maranao. Being the center of the commercial, activities within the area have resulted in poor
political, educational and religious activities in water quality, diminished aquatic resources and
Lanao del Sur, rising solid waste generation has increased health risks The lake supplies 70% of the
been a critical concern within the City. About 68.4 electricity in Mindanao (with Agus River), serves
tons/day of solid wastes are generated within the as an important fishery ground and is home to
City, of which 70% are biodegradable wastes. many species of fish and invertebrates which are
endemic to the lake.
Situated along Lake Lanao, the largest lake in
Mindanao and the second largest in the Philippines, In 2002, the city government of Marawi started
Marawi City’s socio-economic activities have implementing its Solid Waste Management (SWM)
significantly contributed to the alarming solid program. Its initial efforts focused on two point
sources — the Public Market and the City Hall. To
note, 10 of the 100 mosques within the City are
located within the Public Market compound. These
mosques are being managed by the Muslim
Religious Leaders, the Imams, the Khatibs and the
Bilals. SWM initiatives within the Public Market
involved implementation of two-type waste
segregation — segregation into biodegradable and
residual wastes – in the 72 stalls of vegetable and
fruit sections. In response to the call of the city
government, stall owners provided their own waste
receptacles for biodegradable and recyclable
wastes. Within the City Hall, two-type waste
segregation was also carried-out. Most of the offices
within the City Hall provided their own
receptacles. These efforts, however, were not
sustained. Specifically, the Public Market stall
owners went back to the old way of managing
Marawi City situated along Lanao Lake wastes upon learning that the LGU still collected

mixed waste. The absence of a comprehensive Ten- Declaration of Support. They
Year ISWM Plan, a local SWM ordinance and, an have concurred that any act
appropriate Information, Education and leading to clean and green
Communication (IEC) program made implemen- environment is part and
tation of SWM interventions even more difficult. parcel of the Islamic faith.
Thus, the City LGU continued collection of mixed Now, the special sector
waste. The City eventually had its Ten-Year envisioned seeing the place as
Ecological SWM Plan legitimized in 2000. a peaceful, happy, healthy
However, enforcement of the Plan’s provisions was and friendly Islamic domain.
weak.
The commitment of the
In 2007, the City LGU decided to revitalize the Muslim religious leaders to
City’s SWM program. The City Environment and the Declaration of Support Fruit section in Marawi City’s
Public Market
Natural Resource Office (CENRO) recognized the however, has been more
need to form a SWM-Technical Working Group evident through the action planning conducted by
(SWM-TWG). This SWM-TWG has been tasked to the Muslim religious leaders with the four major
supervise SWM activities to be initiated. The mosques situated within the Public Market. The
creation of the SWM-TWG was followed by the action planning was conducted with the imams,
conduct of actual waste characterization. Khatibs and Bilals of these four mosques. A notable
product of the increased participation of the
Aiming to develop SWM champions that would Muslim religious leaders, too, is the inclusion of
advocate for good SWM practices, an important SWM related issues and topics, particularly, the
special sector of the community– the Muslim importance of proper segregation and composting
religious leaders - has been tapped. On June 11, to further educate
2009, over 50 leaders from the ranks of the Aleem, the Islam commu-
Aleema and the city government participated in nity, in regular
the SWM Orientation for MRLs. The event, a part radio programs of
of the celebration of the Environment Month, the Aleema. In
highlighted principles of Islamic environmental addition, discus-
management selected from the environmental sions on segrega-
sourcebook Al Khalifa (The Steward). tion and compost-
ing, among other
Al Khalifa promotes environmental management SWM issues and
in Muslim communities, and has been endorsed topics, are now
by the Assembly of the Daul Ifta of the Philippines. included in the Khutba during Fridays. An essen-
It delves into the religious consciousness of tial result of the Muslim religious leaders’
Muslims in preaching that maintaining ecological participation in the SWM program, too, is the
balance is a duty of each Muslim, being God’s khalifa compliance of Public Market stall owners in the
(steward) on Earth. fruit and vegetable sections complying with two-
type waste segregation.
The activity has increased the appreciation of
Muslim religious leaders on proper waste The active involvement of the Muslim religious
management practices, such as waste segregation, leaders in the overall implementation of the solid
composting and recycling of materials. It provided waste manage-
venue for them to see concrete steps in putting into ment program in
application these practices. It has boosted their the Islamic City of
eagerness to share firsthand information to their Marawi is an
community members and to initiate small-scale expression of
SWM programs in mosques and madrasahs (Arabic putting into prac-
schools). There are eight big madrasah strategically tice — “So
located within the City with an average population Khalpulimpio na
of 500 students. All the participating Muslim reli- pud ko parati-
gious leaders and City LGU officials have yaya” (Cleanliness
formalized their full support to help ensure the is next to Godli-
success of the City’s SWM program by signing the ness).

Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur
Community-Based SWM Program in a Military Camp
Camp Major David P Sabido is a 16-hectare military  Strict implementation of three-type

station and reservation, which is the home of the (biodegradable, residuals and recyclable) waste
53 rd Infantry (Matapat) Batallion, 1 st Infantry segregation within the camp is presently
(Tabak) Division, and Philippine Army. The camp observed. Apart from the “segregation at
is the biggest battalion headquarters in Western source program”, six (6) color-coded Materials
Mindanao and is Recovery Facilities have been constructed in the
strategically loca- different strategic areas within the camp.
ted at Guipos,
Zamboanga del  The vermi-composting facility within the camp
Sur. There are at is also operational. It processes biodegradable
least 80 house- wastes generated inside the camp. Most of
holds (military these are yard wastes. Food wastes are mainly
dependents) fed to live stocks. Moreover, the camp is also
living outside the maintaining a 120 sq.m vegetable farm with 24
periphery of the plots. Each plot is assigned to specific office.
camp. At least
120 military
officers are orga-
nic (assigned)
inside the camp
with at least 70
personnel living
in barracks and
quarters inside
the camp.
The community-
based solid waste
management
 Recyclable materials on the other hand are also
program was
recovered. These include assorted clear bottles,
formally launched in June 16, 2009 with a whole
cartons, papers, soft plastics, metal and
day seminar on the salient points of the Ecological
aluminum. Part of the responsibilities of the
Solid Waste Management Act of 2003 (commonly
1 st Sergeant is to monitor the recovery of
known as RA 9003). The primary goal of the
recyclable materials. Collected materials are
program is not only to sustain the cleanliness
sold to the nearest junk shop. Proceeds from
within the four corners of the military camp but
the sales are used to sustain the operation of
also to provide a model to those living outside the
the composting facility and the vegetable
vicinity of the camp to support the SWM program
garden.
spearheaded by the local government of Guipos.
The guards on duty are responsible in monitoring
True to their commitment to support the SWM
program implementation daily, particularly the
program of the local government, two of the camp
compliance of segregation. Following military
personnel have been delegated to be members of
regulations, violators (those who are caught
the Municipal SWM-Technical Working Group
littering and/or not segregating their wastes) are
(TWG).
given sanctions ranging from stern warning (for the
1st offense) to submission of Delinquency Report
Program Implementation and rendering of community service (for the 2nd and
succeeding offense).
The Commanding Officer, Col. Erwin Alea is
personally overseeing the overall implementation
of the solid waste management program.

Challenges
While there have been gains, there is also a lot of  Strengthen links with buyers of recyclable
space for improvement and value-adding activities materials who have no regular markets within
in waste segregation and diversion. a city/municipality to improve recyclable
waste management. LGUs need to tap private
 Mechanisms have to be established to sustain sector such as buy-back centers. They also need
present local partnerships and establish new to network with the provincial government to
ones. Local partnerships must extend beyond strengthen markets for recyclable materials.
existing joint operations. There has to be long-
term planning between LGUs and local  Enforcement of no open burning local policy.
partners to give over-all direction to both Strict enforcement of no open burning of solid
parties. Systems for getting feedback, wastes is still a work in progress. This is
monitoring and documentation of daily especially true with the management of
operations, including costs incurred, also need agricultural wastes. In the context of continuing
to be strengthened to ensure that the partners tradition of burning agricultural wastes to
make informed decisions. Giving incentives to enhance soil fertility, farmers and agricultural
potential new local partners encourage plantation owners have to change ways of
participation in waste diversion. processing agricultural wastes, and this
requires strong advocacy. In addition to this,
 Compost should be of high quality to improve LGUs are in need of capability-building
revenue generation. Because product quality programs that will enable them to introduce
affects costs and prices and influences product appropriate and efficient technologies for
marketability, it will also affect the processing agricultural wastes to compost.
sustainability of composting operations in the There should also be more and stronger
long term. collaboration among the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR),
 Increase the capacity of the recycling sector to Department of Agriculture (DA) and LGUs to
ensure the sustainability of their operations increase awareness of farmers and agricultural
and help boost market for recyclable wastes. plantation owners of other technologies and
Teaching junkshop operators and ambulant their benefits.
junk buyers the proper handling of recyclable
wastes, appropriate housekeeping and proper
transport of materials will develop steady
buyers of wastes among them.

COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT
WASTE collection and transport is a major cost need to match the resources they input in terms
center. This component requires a significant of collection crew, vehicles, number and
amount of LGU resources for manpower, fuel, schedule of trips and routes with the potential
vehicles and equipment. Among the SWM volume of wastes for collection (based on waste
components, waste collection and transport characterization, collection coverage and waste
comprise the bulk of LGUs’ expenses for types to be collected). With mandatory on-site
maintenance and operations. Segregated collection composting being carried-out, most LGUs have
like segregation at source is also a must. With also reduced their waste collection coverage.
segregated collection, required resources for Majority of them have opted to collect only
secondary segregation are reduced, thus bringing residual and special wastes. Biodegradable and
about more efficient transport to MRFs and recyclable wastes are usually being collected
disposal facilities. within the central business district only.
Based on practice, cost-effective segregated waste  Increased participation of barangay LGUs and
collection and transport should have the following private sector. As a result of efforts of
features: municipal and city LGUs to encourage
barangay LGUs to assume more SWM
 most efficient collection route (based on responsibilities, BLGUs have started to assume
existing and planned collection area); waste collection responsibilities within their
 distribution of waste generators within jurisdictions, through strict enforcement and
collection area (based on geographical garbage fee collection. Coordination between
characteristics); and among municipal/city and barangay LGUs
 waste collection schedule (for specific waste has played a critical role in this development.
generators and waste types); Signing of Memorandums of Agreement
 collection system (curbside, collection point (MOAs) among these stakeholders has proven
or a combination of both), and; to be effective in ensuring commitment of both
 appropriate crew size and vehicles. parties, in determining and dividing
responsibilities and in monitoring impacts.
Since waste collection and transport pose health Barangays have been starting to allocate money
hazards to collection crew, LGUs should be able to from Barangay Funds to support waste
provide trainings on proper handling of wastes. collection activities.
They also must be able to give appropriate uniforms
and protective tools as well as equipment to the Private sector support for services in waste
collection crew. collection and transport is also an emerging
practice. Private sector assistance is a big help
in reducing LGUs’ expenses.
BEST PRACTICES
 Recovering costs incurred in waste collection
and transport. Municipal and barangay LGUs
 Strict implementation of no segregation, no collect garbage fees as a means to make waste
collection policy. This supports the mandatory generators aware of their own accountability.
waste segregation at source and segregated More LGUs are now charging fees among the
waste collection. To ensure compliance among different groups of waste generators, not only
waste generators, LGUs have passed the commercial establishments which had been
ordinances providing for the enforcement of the traditional practice. Matching the fees
this policy. Segregated collection can be done collected with costs incurred while taking into
by collecting specific waste types on a consideration the capacity and willingness to
designated schedule or by constructing pay of waste generators are part of decision-
compartments within the collection vehicles. making. The fees ensure the sustainability of
the delivery of said service.
 Minimizing costs incurred in waste collection.
To decrease the subsidy they provide, LGUs

Jagna, Bohol
Like a ‘well-oiled’ and maintained
machine
Waste collection and transport, like a machine, is a week, every Tuesday and Wednesday,
system that needs to be ‘well-oiled’ and maintained, respectively. No collection points have been
as it is an important cog in solid waste management. designated since wastes are directly collected
In Jagna, the waste collection system was from stalls and brought to the collection truck.
implemented a month after the municipal LGU All stalls are required to have receptacles for
passed its SWM Ordinance in August 2006. The biodegradable, recyclable, residual and special
SWM ordinance provides for strict enforcement of wastes. Prior to waste collection, sweepers
“no segregation, no collection.” This has so far clean the market and put the wastes in covered
worked for the Jagna LGU and the communities. receptacles to prevent dogs from scattering the
While the LGU has jurisdiction over 33 barangays, wastes. The LGU’s three regular enforcers
collection services cover only seven, namely conduct monitoring before and after waste
Canupao, Canjulao, Looc, Pagina, Poblacion, Tejero collection to check on possible violations.
and Pangdan. Within these service areas are the
Municipal Hall, public market, a port, five primary  Households’ and offices’ waste collection.
schools, 17 elementary schools, three barangay high Households, commercial establishments and
schools and four private colleges, two hospitals, a other offices have their own collection
health center in each barangay, about 750 schedules: biodegradable wastes, every
commercial establishments (including sari-sari Monday and Thursday; residual waste, every
stores), and 1,872 households. Tuesday; recyclable wastes, every Saturday,
and; special wastes, every 4th Sunday of the
Best features month. Their wastes are collected at the
curbside rather than at designated common
Through implementation, the LGU can now collection points. Collection of biodegradable
identify some of the best features of its collection wastes is concentrated among commercial
and transport service. establishments, as composting is now
mandatory for households and institutions,
such as schools. Households and institutions,
 Public market waste collection. With 287 stalls and
however, can still have their biodegradable
50 registered sidewalk vendors, the public
wastes collected if they are willing to pay an
market is the single highest generator of
additional fee of P5 per sack for the processing
biodegradable
of wastes in the LGU’s central composting
waste at 0.743
facility.
ton daily or 83%
of its total waste.
 Regular Inspection. A “recorida” is undertaken
Collection of
by one SWM enforcer one hour before actual
biodegradable
waste collection. He goes around the collection
waste is done
area on a bike with a megaphone to inform
every 7 A.M.
waste sources to ensure that waste would be
daily. At this
taken out on time and in their proper
time of day, the
containers. Taking out of wastes earlier than
consumers in
the schedule is prohibited by local ordinance
the market are
and thus would be penalized.
not so many.
Recyclable and
residual wastes,  Receptacles and stickers. Uniform waste
on the other receptacles in the form of sacks are labeled with
hand, are collec- the category the generator belongs to—
ted twice a household, establishment or institution—and
Bio wastes are collected for P5/sack

service. Since the collection area covers urban
barangays only, the road network of the area is
large enough to accommodate the six-wheeler
truck. The LGU plans to purchase a new two
cubic meter compactor truck.
 Organization/Staff. Four personnel are involved

in waste collection: a compactor driver, two
waste collectors and one SWM enforcer
assigned to do the ‘recorida’. The two waste
collectors are trained in enforcement but not
deputized as regular enforcers. Thus, an SWM
Waste receptacles used in Jagna regular enforcer is always assigned to go with
the collection crew for every waste collection
the waste type. These sacks are purchased from schedule. For the public market, six utility men
the LGU at P15 each. The use of standard sacks are responsible for waste collection, and of
allows easy transfer to the collection vehicle whom five are tasked to do SWM information
and enforcement of waste collection rules. They dissemination. The ESWM board and SWM
can be used for all waste types, as they are Technical Working Group regularly meet about
durable and thus can also be re-used. These SWM implementation and arising issues. The
sacks can be used for an average of one year waste collection services of the LGU are
for biodegradable and residual wastes and up managed by the SWM Officer. The Public
to two years for special wastes. During actual Market Administrator, however, oversees
waste collection, the waste collectors first check SWM implementation at the public market. The
the sacks before loading them in the truck. SWM Officer and the Public Market
Non-segregated wastes (or waste types not Administrator share one office and regularly
scheduled for collection) are left by the coordinate their activities. They are both
collection crew at the curb and the owner of members of the SWM-TWG.
the wastes is fined for non-compliance with the
ordinance. Colored stickers, issued by  Route and timing. A simple time and motion
barangay enforcers when garbage fees are paid, study was conducted to have an efficient
are also presented by households. The waste collection route and timing. Biodegradable
collection crew is given the list of wastes collected are taken to the central
establishments which have paid their annual composting facility while recyclable wastes are
garbage fees upon renewal of business permits. delivered to the LGU’s MRF. The LGU’s
composting facility and its MRF are
 Transport system. The LGU utilizes a second- constructed in different locations. Residual
hand six cubic meter dump truck, acquired wastes are transported to the LGU’s disposal
during the 1980s, for the LGU’s waste collection site. Since the LGU has no septic vault yet,
special wastes are stored in the LGU’s MRF.
 Cost recovery. In 2007, approximately P425, 000

was spent on waste collection services, but were
recovered through fees. Garbage fees required
to be paid by specific waste generators are
indicated in the LGU’s SWM Ordinance.
Income from waste collection activities from
2007 to 2008 increased by 12%. By the 1st quarter
of 2009, income was 89% of total income in
2008. The capital invested in the purchase of
sacks was fully recovered through a marked-
up price of P2 per sack.
Waste collection vehicle used by Jagna

Bayombong, Nueva
Devolution Plays Key Role
Bayombong has 25 barangays: eight urban, five disposal pits for residual wastes are being
considered urbanizing, and the rest are rural. Since promoted together with the practice of waste
the 1990’s, the town’s garbage collection focused segregation.
on the eight urban barangays. Two trucks made
their daily rounds in these barangays and the public More autonomy and authority to the
market. Volume of mixed wastes collected daily barangay
was approximately 3,000 to 3,700 kilograms. But
the waste assessment study, jointly conducted by
The municipal government of Bayombong in
the municipality and the EcoGov Project, indicated
Nueva Vizcaya used several strategies to ensure
that this volume was just half of the total wastes
that barangay LGUs participate in SWM
being generated in these barangays.
implementation.
To increase the amount of
MOAs. Barangay LGUs have
collected waste and
signed an agreement with
strengthen the collection
the municipal LGU,
system, Bayombong used
outlining the SWM
the devolution of key SWM
functions of the barangays
functions to urban barangay
and the support that would
LGUs as a main strategy.
be provided by the
These functions include
municipal LGU to help
collection of biodegradable
barangays carry-out their
and residual wastes from
functions. The barangays
households, institutions and
have been given the respon-
establishments within their
sibility to collect and
territorial jurisdiction;
transport segregated wastes
enforcement of waste
in accordance with the
segregation and other
schedule set by the munici-
provisions of the local
pal LGU. The agreement
ordinance; and the manage-
with the municipal LGU
ment of barangay MRFs.
also requires the barangays
Waste collection has since
to adhere to the municipal
expanded from the eight
LGU’s no-segregation-no-
urban barangays to the Waste collection truck and collection crew of
disposal policy, prohibiting
adjacent urbanizing baran- Bayombong
the entry of non-segregated
gays. The 13 barangays,
wastes entry to the Ecological Park. Through this
together with the public market and night market,
policy, barangays are able to strictly enforce waste
account for about 80 percent of the total daily waste
segregation within their respective service areas.
generated in the municipality. As of the first quarter
The municipal LGU, on the other hand, are tasked
of 2009, a total of 4,095 households, or about 30
to monitor their activities, initiate regular feedback
percent of total households in the 13 barangays,
to the barangays and provide other forms of
were regularly served, along with 1,264
support that may be needed by the barangays. It
establishments (68% of total establishments).
has opted to retain the task of garbage collection in
the old public market, the night market,
By decentralizing waste collection, the municipal
slaughterhouse and municipal offices.
LGU is now able to focus its efforts and resources
on building the capabilities of barangays, on
Efficiency in transport. To assist the barangays in
education and communication activities, and on
performing their waste collection function, the
monitoring the performance of the program. It is
municipal LGU acquired reconditioned four-cubic-
slowly expanding the scope of its information
meter or 2.4-ton Isuzu mini-dump trucks. These
dissemination campaign to cover the rural
dump trucks, each costing P490,000, have been
barangays. In the latter, backyard composting and

distributed to the six urban barangays—Sta. Rosa, collection activities. Each barangay has a collection
District IV, Don Tomas Maddela, San Nicolas, Don vehicle driver and two waste collectors. Barangay
Domingo Maddela and Vista Alegre—through a collection crews are provided with monthly
financing plan. Each barangay amortizes the cost honorarium as well as uniforms and tools. To
of the truck annually, and the loan is payable in maximize available manpower, barangay officials
eight years. Amortization payments are deducted and barangay tanods also serve as enforcers during
from the BLGUs’ share in real property tax actual collection. With the enforcement done by
collections, Internal Revenue Allotments (IRAs), barangay officials and barangay tanods, compliance
and other barangay income. From the installment with the local SWM Ordinance improved. There is
payments, the municipal LGU plans to acquire now less dumping in vacant lots and into the Magat
additional garbage trucks for other barangays. The River and Colocol creek. However, it should be
municipal LGU intends to continue this scheme noted that barangay officials and barangay tanods
until all barangays that need to provide waste have not been trained and deputized yet by the
collection services have been assisted. municipal LGU. Thus, no apprehensions have been
made yet.
Decreasing the pressure on the Ecological Park.
Barangay LGUs have also adopted the curbside Charging of environmental fees. The municipal LGU
collection system. Households, commercial has authorized each barangay to collect
establishments and institutions are mandated to environmental fees from households, commercial
bring out their wastes at a designated time during establishments and institutions within its waste
a specified waste collection schedule. At present, collection coverage. The municipal SWM
segregated waste collection is made possible by Ordinance requires waste generators to pay fees
scheduling collection of biodegradable and for waste collection services. Revenues from
residual wastes on different days. For barangay garbage fees motivate barangays to continue
LGUs whose collection schedule of biodegradable providing this service. For households, the fee that
and residual wastes are on the same day, the two has been agreed upon during a public hearing was
types of wastes are placed in separate sacks. P35 per month.
Currently, each barangay collects approximately
100 to 350 kilos/day of biodegradable and 250 to Each LGU designs its own environmental fee
600 kilos/day of residual wastes. Transport of collection system. There are barangays whose
collected wastes by barangay LGUs to the Barangay Treasurers go around and directly collect
Ecological Park is allowed from 8 am to 12 noon environmental fees from waste generators. In other
only. The recording and documentation of volume barangays, purok leaders are designated to do the
of wastes delivered by barangay LGUs to the collection. There are also barangay LGUs that
Ecological Park are done by the municipal LGU collect environmental fees during issuance of
waste collection crew. Both the LGU’s composting barangay certificates or cedulas. Commercial
facility and disposal site are located within the establishments normally pay the fee during the first
Ecological Park. quarter of the year when business permits are
renewed. The municipal LGU requires commercial
The volume of wastes disposed at the Ecological establishments to present barangay certification as
Park has decreased despite the expansion in service proof of compliance before issuance of business
coverage. Records of the SWM Section show that permits. Due to this system, collection is 100
in 2008, the average volume of daily wastes percent efficient among commercial establish-
delivered to the park was 2,350 kilograms, 812 ments. Collection efficiency among households and
kilograms of which were biodegradable that were institutions is also 100 percent as waste sources
diverted to the composting facility. Only 1,538 paying environmental fees are recorded and
kilograms of residual wastes were actually taken therefore tracked.
to the disposal facility. In 2003, total delivery per
day, on the average, was 7,452 kilograms. The 63% All revenues generated by barangay LGUs accrue
overall reduction has translated into significant to their Barangay General Funds. At present, no
savings in waste collection expenses. Special Accounts for SWM have been created yet
by barangay LGUs. Thus, SWM revenues are used
Sufficient staffing. The number of waste collection in regular barangay activities, including waste
crew members in each barangay corresponds to collection.

The municipal LGU does not have a share in the Madella, Quirino
revenues collected by barangay LGUs, but it collects More Lessons on Collaboration
environmental fees from commercial establish-
ments and stall owners in the public and night
markets. Revenues from environmental fees are The municipal LGU of Maddela forged a
deposited in the Municipal Special Account for partnership with Barangay Lusod in 2005 for waste
SWM, and used solely for SWM activities. collection. The partnership agreement between the
municipal LGU and the barangay specifies that the
Monitoring. The SWM organizational structure at barangay has to provide garbage collection service
the barangay level essentially contributes to the within its jurisdiction. The municipal LGU of
success of waste collection operation. A Barangay Maddela authorized Barangay Lusod to collect fees
SWM Coordinator, usually a Barangay Kagawad, for such service. The municipality, for its part,
supervises the barangay’s waste collection provided support in the conduct of an information
activities, among other SWM-related tasks. drive and in monitoring waste segregation
Barangay officials and barangay tanods also go compliance.
with the waste collection crew during actual waste
collection to ensure enforcement of waste
segregation. Barangay SWM Committees monitor
through review of monitoring sheets, observation
of actual waste collection and ocular visits to waste
sources.
At the municipal level, the SWM Section under the

MPDO monitors waste collection and the
enforcement of segregated collection by the
barangays. The section is headed by a designated
SWM Coordinator who has two staff members. The
SWM Coordinator calls for quarterly meetings with
the participating barangays to assess status of
collection and transport activities, among others.
Discussions on strategies for more efficient and
effective services are also held. These meetings are Waste collection activity in Barangay Maddela
important in providing feedback and addressing
outstanding problems and issues. By establishing partnerships with a barangay, the
municipality of Maddela is able to expand its
The municipal LGU has also developed waste program without necessarily increasing its direct
collection monitoring sheets, which the barangays costs and investments on waste collection. Its scarce
submit to the SWM Coordinator every month. The resources are now directed to activities that further
forms, which are prepared by the Barangay SWM strengthen support to its partners such as training,
Coordinators, contains data on volumes collected information and education, incentives and waste
and transported, the number of households and disposal management.
establishments practicing waste segregation and
composting at source, and the amount of garbage To help it actualize the agreement, the LGU of
fee collections, among others. Performance of Barangay Lusod entered into its own agreement
barangays in waste collection is assessed based on with schools, requiring them to create SWM
the regularity of its waste collection, extent of committees and implement integrated waste
compliance to the policy of segregation at source management within their campuses. Part of the
and the efficiency of environmental fee collection. agreement was for the BLGU to collect residual
The Municipal SWM Coordinator does the analysis wastes only.
of the data and integrates these into the periodic
progress reports submitted to the ESWM Board.

Partnership’s more successful to practice segregation at source and establish
practices backyard composting heaps for biodegradable
wastes, in accordance with Maddela’s SWM
Ordinance. Only residual wastes are now collected.
Fund raising. From funds raised during its barangay
Lusod produces more than 500 kilos of wastes per
fiesta, contributions from generous donors, and
day, and close to 50% are biodegradable while more
from its internal revenue share, Lusod acquired a
than 30% are residual waste.
reconditioned Elf truck with the capacity to haul
up to 2.4 tons of waste, and a service life of 15 years.
Less frequent but more efficient collection schedule. From
To sustain its waste collection operation, the
once a week, collection was reduced to once in two
barangay passed an ordinance requiring waste
weeks. At present, waste collection in Lusod is from
generators to pay fees for the SWM service it would
7 to 11 a.m. every second and last Sunday of the
provide.
month. A day prior to the actual collection, the six
purok leaders of the barangay go around their
The barangay initially imposed P25 garbage fee to
respective zones to remind the people to take out
be paid to the Barangay Treasurer or Purok
their wastes on schedule. The MRF established in
Presidents. Because of poor compliance, the
each barangay serves as collection point for
barangay subsequently passed an ordinance
households’ recyclable wastes.
lowering the fees to P15. The new ordinance
requires all households and institutions, regardless
Collection of residual wastes within the barangay
of the volume of wastes they produce, to pay. This
usually starts from Purok 1 and ends at Purok 6,
provision is intended to prevent the practice of
which is nearest to the town’s disposal facility,
some residents of merging their wastes with their
located about four kilometers away. Waste
paying neighbors.
containers are first inspected to check if the wastes
are properly segregated before they are loaded into
To entice people to pay garbage fees, the barangay
the truck. Non-segregated wastes are left behind
gave out raffle tickets to payers. The raffle tickets
and the attention of the concerned purok leader is
were drawn during the barangay fiesta and
called. At present, Lusod claims 90% segregation
Christmas season. Prizes at stake were a washing
compliance by households. The SWM program of
machine, sacks of rice, chairs, kitchen utensils or
Lusod is operating almost at a sustainable level.
farm implements. The barangay also decreed that
With its residents practicing proper waste
the issuance of annual community tax certificates
management, Lusod has been able to reduce the
would depend on payment of arrears. These
frequency of garbage collection, effectively
strategies proved to be effective. Payment of
reducing its operating cost. The revenues generated
garbage fees is now at 100 percent. According to
from the collection fees can already cover the
the Barangay Captain, fees collected accrue to the
municipality’s SWM activities.
Barangay Fund, which in turn is used to improve
project implementation.
Collection crew. Lusod’s waste collection crew
consists of a driver and seven Barangay Tanods
Lusod gets an internal revenue allocation of
who, aside from ensuring peace and order, are also
P850,000 annually. Its SWM budget comes from
tasked to see to the general cleanliness of the
20% of its Development Fund.
barangay. Barangay Tanods were trained by the
LGU in waste segregation and SWM enforcement.
Segregation at source. Initially, the barangay
concentrated on the collection of biodegradable and
Lusod’s SWM initiatives are gaining recognition not
residual wastes in schools and selected households.
only in Quirino Province but also in the Cagayan
Collection has been scheduled every Sunday.
Valley Region. It was a provincial winner and a
Biodegradable wastes are taken to the compost
regional finalist in the search for SWM Model
facility in the Maddela Institute of Technology
Barangays sponsored by the National Solid Waste
while residuals end-up in Maddela’s disposal
Management Commission (NSWMC) in 2006.
facility. After a series of purok or zone meetings,
Lusod is one of Maddela’s SWM learning sites
house-to-house campaigns and community
frequented by visitors from nearby municipalities.
assemblies, all waste generators have been required

Polomolok, South Cotabato
Aiming for Self-Sufficiency
Barangay Cannery Site in

Polomolok is host to Dolefil’s
cannery plant. Barangays
Poblacion and Magsaysay, on the
other hand, are into trading.
Barangay Cannery Site has been
doing waste collection within its
jurisdiction since 1998. Barangays
Poblacion and Magsaysay
assumed waste collection
responsibility in 2008.
Barangay Cannery Site stands out

because of its ability to generate
support from the multinational
corporation Dolefil, which has
enabled the barangay LGU to
initiate and sustain waste Municipal and Barangay LGUs SWM MOA Signing
collection services up to the
present. For their part, Barangays Poblacion and of biodegradable and residual wastes, and delivery
Magsaysay received support from the municipal of these to the municipal composting facility and
LGU, after the ISWM Plan was legitimized, through SLF, respectively; 3) collection of garbage fees from
campaigns the latter conducted. To sustain households and business establishments outside
collaboration among the municipal government the business district within their jurisdiction, and;
and the three urban barangay LGUs, they signed a 4) creation of SWM Special Account to be
MOA in March 2009. This MOA was the response administered by Barangay Solid Waste Manage-
of the three urban barangays to the municipal ment Committees (BSWMCs).
LGU’s call for a more aggressive contribution to
SWM implementation. The barangay LGUs are now serving 75% of the
total number of households in the three urban
Implementing the Agreement barangays; 753 commercial establishments, three
industrial establishments and 22 institutions are
Major provisions of the MOA are: 1) formulation covered by the waste collection services of
of Ten-Year Barangay ISWM Plans consistent with Barangays Poblacion, Cannery Site and Magsaysay.
the Municipal ISWM Plan; 2) segregated collection The municipal LGU remains in charge of waste
collection at the public market, Municipal Hall,
Waste collection vehicle used by Barangay Waste collection vehicle used by Barangay Magsaysay

three hospitals and the plaza. Households, The municipal LGU has three garbage compactors
institutions and commercial establishments not and one six-wheeler dump truck used for its
served by barangay LGUs are also covered by the collection activities. These collection vehicles are
municipal LGU waste collection service. maintained by the Engineering Office. The six
drivers assigned to collect are under the
The municipal LGU’s collection service does not Engineering Office while the 15 collection crew
cover agri-based industries such as Dole members are staff of the Ecological Solid Waste
Philippines and other private establishments. In Management Office (ESWMO).
particular, Dole Philippines pays for its own private
hauler, accredited by the Philippine Export Zone Who is in charge?
Authority (PEZA), and transports its wastes
directly to the municipal LGU’s disposal site. With The LGU’s Ecological Solid Waste Management
a large percentage of waste collection responsibility Division (ESWMD) under the Mayor ’s Office
being assumed by barangay LGUs, collection trips oversees the LGU’s SWM activities. Created in 2002
of the municipal LGU’s waste collection crew through a Memorandum Order, the ESWMD
dropped from four a day in 2007 to just two per supervises waste collection activities, including
day at the public market and one trip per day for monitoring of waste collection services being
other areas within the municipal waste collection provided by barangay LGUs. It coordinates with
coverage in 2008. the Engineering Office on use, maintenance and
repair of collection vehicles.
Barangay Cannery Site gets fuel assistance from
Dole Philippines amounting to 30 liters/day. The At the barangay level, an SWM Coordinator has
barangay LGU purchased its own compactor in been designated per barangay. This SWM
1998 and shoulders all expenses incurred in waste Coordinator supervises daily waste collection
collection and transport activities. Barangay activities. He serves as the focal person who
Poblacion is also self-sufficient and was able to buy regularly reports to the ESWMD and BSWMC.
a four ton-waste compactor in April 2008. It is With barangay tanods serving as SWM enforcers,
currently employing a driver and two collectors. It barangay LGUs are able to maximize services of
allocates 20 liters of fuel per day. Barangay these barangay personnel.
Magsaysay, on the other hand, has a two ton-dump
truck acquired in January 2007 and spends for the To ensure the smooth flow of waste collection in
salary of a driver and three collectors. Its budget the three urban barangays, quarterly meetings are
for fuel, similar to Barangay Poblacion, is 20 liters/ also held. The municipal LGU provides technical
day. Waste collection vehicles being used by the support needed by barangay LGUs, i.e.,
three barangays are appropriate vis-à-vis estimated improvement of barangays’ financing system and
potential volume of wastes which ranges from two designing of more efficient collection route. The
to six tons daily. municipal LGU also helps in the repair and
maintenance of collection vehicles of the barangays.
Waste collection vehicle used by Barangay Poblacion Waste collection vehicle used by Polomolok LGUs

CHALLENGES expand their reach. Replicating best practices
of implementing barangays, especially in rural
 Strict enforcement of no segregation, no barangays, should be a priority of LGUs.
collection policy. For segregated collection to Resources have to be generated and poured
be sustained, no segregation, no collection into replication efforts.
policy has to be fully enforced. This means
strengthening enforcement activities, giving  Improved coordination between and among
incentives and designing waste collection municipal and barangay LGUs. The municipal
system and schedule that will allow the policy LGUs, being on top of SWM, is given the
to be effectively implemented. responsibility to ensure that barangays are
provided with necessary capacity building
 Regularity in collection schedule. Providing programs for designing efficient waste
waste collection service on a regular basis is collection route, system and schedule. For
still very dependent on the condition of sustainability, regular communication activities
vehicles and availability of budget allocation. should be maintained by municipal and
There should be sufficient allocation and timely barangay LGUs. Sessions for giving feedbacks
release of money for the regular repair and and periodic monitoring of waste collection
maintenance of vehicles, which usually cost a activities have to be conducted regularly.
lot. Availability of budget for fuel and
manpower expenses should also be prioritized  Review of current garbage fees being collected.
to ensure waste collection as planned. To recover a significant percentage of costs
incurred in waste collection, fees should be
 Expansion of waste collection coverage. A charged to help meet operating expenses. But
relatively small percentage of waste generators there should be a rationale and efficient system
are being served. Thus, municipal and of collection, including the amount being
barangay LGUs have to assess existing charged.
collection coverage and develop plans to

WASTE DISPOSAL
ISSUANCE of DENR Administrative Order 10-2006
for categorized final disposal facilities or sanitary
landfills requires that SLFs be established based on
the daily residual waste generation of the LGU.
Residual wastes comprise only 18% of the LGU’s
total waste generation. Four SLF categories have
been identified with corresponding required
development and operational features. The costs
of each of these categories vary. The table below
identifies the amount of residual waste generation
and engineering designs specific to SLF categories.
DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONAL

FEATURES OF SLF CATEGORIES
Source: DAO 10-2006

BEST PRACTICES
At present, all open and controlled dumpsites of SLF. Presently, dumping only of residual
should have been closed. By now, LGUs should wastes at SLFs has been mandatory. This is
have complied with RA 9003 prescriptions; but this expected to lengthen SLF’s useful life and
has been a struggle for most LGUs due to high reduce operating cost.
investment and operations costs required. Best
practices on disposal management, nevertheless,  Establishment and operation of a common SLF by a
have emerged among several LGUs. cluster of LGUs. Section 44 of RA 9003 which
cites Section 33 of the Local Government Code,
 Construction of Residual Containment Areas. requiring “LGUs to consolidate their efforts,
Several LGUs have started closing their open services and resources to address common
and controlled dumpsites, and constructed SWM problems and/or establish common
Residual Containment Areas (RCAs) to serve waste disposal facilities,” have made LGUs
as transition facilities while SLFs are being more conscious of the benefits of establishing
developed. RCAs are temporary storages for and operating a common SLF. Major factors
residual wastes. Collected residual wastes are that pushed several LGUs to consider and come
placed in sacks and piled within RCAs and into formal agreements for a common SLF are
these will be eventually taken to the SLF for the lack of suitable sites for SLF, relatively low
final disposal. residual waste generation of participating
LGUs and the lack of capacity to construct and
 Establishment and operation of SLFs suited to maintain individual SLFs. LGUs have realized
potential volume of residual wastes. Pre- too that a common SLF will yield higher
determination of the amount of residual wastes economies of scale, with reduced over-all costs,
for disposal, based on waste assessment and both in construction and maintenance.
characterization study(WACS) results, enables
the LGU to design appropriate disposal  Partnership with the Private Sector for SLF
facilities, anticipate costs and source funds for establishment and operation. Tapping the private
SLF establishment and operation as well as for sector to be involved in SLF projects will help
manpower resources. Projecting the volume of disperse cost of construction and operation.
residual wastes for disposal also allows the Private sector participation is still minimal but
LGUs to construct the SLF by phase, i.e., cell has yielded worth-noting positive results. By
by cell. This gives LGUs the opportunity to involving the private sector at the onset—
budget funds according to the phases of cell during the planning process—the chances of
construction, thus, lessening the burden of getting them to be part of SLF construction and
raising large amounts of money that would operation are higher.
have been required by one time construction

Wao, Lanao del Sur

First RA 9003 compliant SLF in ARMM
Wao, a 5th class municipality management activities for

in Lanao del Sur province, the open dumpsite, and
has taken bold steps in with the presence of
addressing its SWM prob- scavengers and animals in
lems. Serving as a learning the dumpsite, the facility
site not only in the province posed threats to Wao’s
but also to LGUs in the environmental resources
Luzon and Visayas regions, and households.
Wao is the first The Wao LGU started
municipality in the planning for its category 1
Autonomous Region of SLF. The Municipal Environ-
Wao’s Open Dumpsite
Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) ment and Natural Resources
to establish and operate an Office (MENRO), MPDO and
RA 9003-compliant SLF. The Municipal Engineer’s Office
municipality has solved (MEO) were involved in the
improper waste disposal planning activities for the
problems that threatened said SLF. Three sites were
public health and water considered as SLF site—the
supply. Wao has five river old dumpsite in Muslim
systems that can also Village, a site in Barangay
potentially irrigate 19,000 Pilintangan and another in
hectares of rice lands within Barangay Katutungan. After
its municipality and five passing tests required by the
others in North Cotabato. DENR–Environmental
Wao’s Category 1 SLF
Management Bureau (EMB)
In 2003, Wao acquired a one- and Mines and Geo-Sciences
hectare land 1.2 km from Bureau (MGB), the Detailed
Barangay Muslim Village Engineering Design (DED)
which it used as open and Initial Environmental
dumpsite. Around 111 Examination (IEE) checklist
households lived around were prepared by MENRO
the said site. The area was and MEO.
about 800 meters from the
nearest river. During rainy With approximately two
season, the site was tons a day of residual wastes
inaccessible. Mixed wastes, estimated to be produced by
approximately 1.6 tons, the municipality, the Wao
collected by the LGU were LGU set off constructing a
taken to this site daily. category 1 SLF beginning
Seventy-six percent (76%) of September 2005. The said
these were biodegradable, SLF, expected to be used by
7% recyclable, 15% residual the municipality for 15
and 2% special wastes. One years, would be developed
backhoe and one bulldozer in phases. The first cell,
were used by the LGU to measur-ing 0.25 hectares,
cover wastes with soil. This became operational in
was used by the municipal March 2006. Located in a
LGU from 2003 to 2005. two-hectare land in
With no proper and regular Disposal Activities at Wao’s SLF Barangay Katutungan, the

SLF site is nine kilometers from
the town center. It is 1.5 kms
from the nearest residential area
where there are only 18
households. An all-weather
road is utilized in going to the
site.
Wao’s SLF has been designed

and developed according to RA
9003 requirements. This is to
ensure leachate and odor
management to prevent health
and environ-mental hazards.
An Operations Manual for the
said facility has been completed
on October 2007 by the MENRO.
A Post-Closure Plan has also
been prepared for the facility. Lay-out of Wao’s Category 1 SLF
The latter is equipped with the
following:
 Liner system for groundwater protection; residual wastes to the disposal facility. The BLGU
 Leachate collection system to prevent pays fees to the Municipal Treasurer’s Office for
wastewater flow from the site; the use of said facility. The municipal LGU plans
 Surface water control to prevent run-off water to open its disposal facility to other waste sources,
from entering the site; barangays and municipalities.
 Gas management and odor control system;
and The Management and operation of SLF is under
 Daily soil covering and compaction. the responsibility of the SWM Section of the
MENRO. The current SLF staff has two
A total of P2 million was spent by the Wao LGU to maintenance persons, one monitoring clerk and
develop the quarter-hectare cell of the SLF. three security guards. These guards and a
Operating Costs amounted to P25,000 per month. monitoring clerk record residual wastes taken to
These were used for equipment maintenance, as the SLF. The host barangay, Barangay Katutungan,
well as for fuel and manpower resources. At is allowed to dump its wastes to the disposal facility
present, Barangay Eastern disposes its collected for free.
Benefits
 The planned two-hectare SLF will serve the municipality for 15 years. With only residual wastes being disposed
at the facility, it can be expected that maximum capacity of the SLF can be reached within its projected productive
life.
 Threats to public health and water sources in the municipality are expected to be minimized.
 Since waste generators are assured that proper disposal facility is available, they are motivated to practice
proper waste segregation at source.
 With Wao’s SLF hosting the central MRF, efficiency in transporting collected wastes to these facilities is achieved.
Also, the SLF’s lay-out enables easier delivery of biodegradable and recyclable wastes from secondary segregation
of residual wastes to the central MRF.
 Wao, being the first municipality to have an RA 9003-compliant disposal facility in ARMM, has been turned into
an influential learning site that is now encouraging LGUs to follow.

Polomolok, South Cotabato
Private Sector Supports SLF Construction
The local government

unit of Polomolok, a 1st Dole Philippines
class municipality in shared in the cost of
South Cotabato Pro- construction and daily
vince and host to Dole operation of the
Philippines, closed facility under a MOA
and started rehabilita- with the Polomolok
tion of its controlled LGU. The LGU
dumpsite in Novem- needed additional
ber 2008. The Autho- resources to construct
rity to Close (ATC) for and run an RA 9003-
Polomolok’s control- compliant SLF while
led dumpsite was Dolefil wanted an
issued by the DENR- accessible disposal
EMB Region XII in facility to reduce waste
October 2006 and the Polomolok’s SLF Launching transport costs. It was
Environmental Com- Dolefil that provided
pliance Certificate (ECC) was issued November the land where the SLF is now located.
2007. By March 2009, Polomolok’s category 1
sanitary landfill started operating, having The realization of the partnership was facilitated
completed the first cell of the facility. Residual by the involvement of more partners who made
wastes taken to the said disposal facility came from: their own contributions: technical assistance from
households, commercial establishments and the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources
institutions within Barangays Poblacion, Office (PENRO) of the Provincial Government of
Magsaysay, Cannery and Kinilis; major plantations South Cotabato and EcoGov 2; as well as the
within the municipality, i.e., Dole Philippines, processing of requirements by the Ecological Solid
Tropifresh and Marsmand Drysdale Agri-Ventures Waste Management Office (ESWMO) of Polomolok
Inc., Truly Natural Food Corporation and Pioneer for the construction.
seeds; and from Dolores Farm Resort. The SLF also
hosts the LGU’s central MRF, including composting What a partnership can do
facility and storage for recyclable wastes, and septic
vault for special wastes.  The partnership has helped reduce the cost of
construction, allowing the municipal
government to save P218,000, and
land acquisition cost of the SLF site,
which is estimated to cost P5 million.
Dole Philippines also regularly gives
P1,000 for fuel expenses. Though
relatively small, this is already
savings for the municipal LGU.
 A disposal facility was made

available and accessible to industries
and other municipalities within the
province. Since large agri-related
industries are operating within the
municipality, Polomolok’s SLF
ensures proper disposal of residual
wastes from these industries. With
Polomolok SLF being the first RA 9003

Constructing and maintaining the SLF
1. The process started with the identification of the site for the SLF. Originally, Barangay Silway
8 was selected, but had to be given up after the communities therein protested against the said
project. Thus, the five-hectare site in Barangay Kinilis, after the conduct of study tours/ocular
visits and passing suitability (topographic mapping, soil permeability tests) required by the
DENR-EMB, was chosen as the site for the SLF. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
checklist and Detailed Engineering Design (DED) of the SLF were developed by the Municipal
Engineer with technical assistance from EcoGov 2.
2. Once the SLF is in operation, inspection, acceptance and recording of volume of solid wastes
are daily activities of the SLF foreman.
3. Waste compaction is done by making a waste bench that allows compaction of wastes during
passage of collection vehicles for daily disposal activities. Final compaction is done during
soil covering by heavy equipment.
4. Covering of compacted wastes is done at least once a month or as the need arises.
5. Leachate collection and storage are also regular activities. Recirculation will be done at a later
stage of SLF operation.
6. A body or office is assigned to manage the SLF. In the case of Polomolok, it is the municipal
Ecological SWM Office (ESWMO). An SLF Foreman is tasked to supervise operation of the
facility and to monitor the volume of wastes taken to the SLF. In terms of equipment, there are
two waste compactors, a dump truck, a road roller and a pay loader used in daily SLF operation.
A part-time heavy equipment operator also works part-time. These SLF personnel have been
trained to do management and operation.
compliant SLF in South Cotabato, it is also expense of the new facility is approximately
willing to receive residual wastes from other P133, 000, with personnel salaries and fuel
LGUs, provided that the LGUs enter an expenses being the major cost items. For the
agreement with Polomolok. A tipping fee of time being, no tipping fees are collected from
P900 per truckload with a maximum capacity industries and barangay LGUs that are
of 15 cubic meters will be charged. dumping wastes at the SLF. The cost of
operating the SLF is presently subsidized by
 Transport of waste improved. Since the existing the LGU. On September 9, 2009, Tupi LGU
SLF of the municipal LGU also hosts its central signed a MOA with Polomolok LGU on shared
MRF, including the composting facility and use of the SLF. Collection of tipping fees for
septic vault for special wastes, transport of use of the said disposal facility will commence
collected biodegradable, recyclable and on January 2010.
residual wastes is made more efficient. This
lessened fuel use and saved time spent on waste
collection.
 Dole Philippines has become an SWM

champion. With Dole Philippines actively
participating in the LGU’s SWM program,
other agri-industries are expected to be
encouraged in contributing to the proper
management of solid wastes.
 Dole Philippines’ support included the

provision of 10% of total capital outlay for the
construction of the first cell. Dole Philippines
also provided P100,000 for the perimeter fence
and 3,000 liters of fuel for the heavy equipment
used during construction. Monthly operating Polomolok’s Category 1 LSF

South Cotabato
Cluster Sanitary Landfill
With limited sites available for SLF construction Philippines, Lapanday Food Corporation and
and with low residual waste generation by most Universal Banana Corporation (UBC). Increasing
LGUs, the Provincial Government of South demand for agricultural products of the province
Cotabato decided that SLF clustering would be the has led to rising solid waste generation. While
most appropriate strategy ensuring proper disposal households have been identified to be major waste
management in the province. In addition to this, generators in most municipalities/ cities, agri-based
construction and maintenance of own SLFs will be industries generated bulk of the solid wastes in the
financially challenging to most LGUs. Clustering province. Based on the waste assessment, it is
became the most viable way to address the growing estimated that the province’s 10 municipalities and
solid waste management problems in South one city will generate 116.7 tons a day. Of these,
Cotabato province, which has 10 municipalities 69% are biodegradable, 12% are recyclable, 17% are
(Banga, Lake Sebu, Norala, Polomolok, Sto. Niño, residual and 2% are special wastes.
Surallah, Tampakan, Tantangan, T’boli and Tupi)
and a component city (Koronadal City). With the To identify potential common SLF sites within the
province’s water resources draining to Liguasan province, a map analysis was done by the SWM-
Marsh, disposal management was imperative. Provincial Technical Working group (PTWG) with
Liguasan is the largest swamp and marsh area in technical assistance from EcoGov 2 and MGB.
Mindanao, an important wetland site for many Taking into consideration distance, waste volume
water bird species, and home to the endemic and and field verification, Koronadal City and Surallah
endangered Philippine crocodile and at least 33 were identified as common SLF sites. Results of the
species of freshwater fishes2. analysis also showed that a Koronadal SLF cluster
would be accommodating residual wastes from
South Cotabato is host to major agricultural Tampakan, Tantangan and Tupi. Surallah SLF
plantations and agri-based industries in the cluster, on the other hand, would be able to serve
SOCSKSARGEN Region; some of these are Dole Banga, Sto. Niño, T’boli, Lake Sebu and Norala.
Specifically for the Surallah

SLF Cluster, the Provincial
Government gathered all
mayors and presented the
proposed SLF clustering
strategy. The consultation in
December 2006 helped
explain the strategy’s
advantages—one would be
achieving economies of
scale—and disadvantages,
such as the complications
resulting from inter-LGU
arrangements. The
Provincial Government
made a P5 million
commitment for the SLF
construction. The dialogue
helped the six LGUs to reach
an agreement to support the
2
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5025/

strategy. The Surallah LGU expressed its public hearings were conducted among Centrala
willingness to host the SLF cluster. This intention residents from October to November 2007.
was approved by the Provincial SWM Board during However, after a series of community dialogues,
a meeting in Surallah in June 2007. Barangay Centrala decided that they would not
allow the project. The Barangay Council of Surallah
The search for a potential site in Surallah followed, refused to pass a resolution endorsing the SLF
where three potential SLF sites were identified in project development due to undisclosed reasons.
January 2007. The two sites in Barangay Colongolo After this, another potential site was identified in
were found to be geologically favorable but not Barangay Colongolo. The new SLF site was
readily negotiable for acquisition. The two-hectare discussed and approved by the Provincial SWM
site used by Surallah as open dumpsite and later Board on April 30, 2008.
converted to a Residual Containment Area was also
considered. This area hosts the LGU’s toxic and Barangay Colongolo is a rural barangay which is
hazardous waste (THW) septic vault, vermi- approximately 6 kms from the town center. The site
composting facility and nursery. The area has a selected for the SLF has an existing access road and
perimeter fence and a guardhouse. The site has is 300-500 meters from the nearby creek. The
permeable sandy soil that makes it vulnerable to positive outcomes of the topographic mapping,
groundwater contamination. Proper design hydro-geological study and community dialogues
however can mitigate potential negative led to the purchase by the Suralla LGU of the six-
environmental impacts. While the preferred SLF hectare land at P1.5 million. Finally, the signing of
site was being finalized, the Surallah SWM-TWG a MOA among the six municipalities pushed
and ESWMB conducted a study tour to other SLFs. through in December 2008. Upon agreement of the
Sites visited were Wao, Lanao del Sur and Tacurong municipal LGUS, the SLF Cluster LGUs became
City, Sultan Kudarat. known as Surallah Eco-Park.
Faced by the difficulty of acquiring potential sites After the signing of the MOA among the six LGUs,
in Barangay Colongolo and by an urgent need to the Detailed Engineering Design for a category 2
fast track compliance with RA 9003, the San Vicente, SLF was developed. The Surallah SLF is envisioned
Centrala site was selected. After favorable results to hold the residual wastes of Surallah (SLF host),
of the topographic mapping and hydro-geological Sto.Niño, Norala, T’boli, Banga and Lake Sebu.
study conducted by MGB for the site located in Following the provision in DAO 10-2006 which
Barangay Centrala in June 2007, social preparation rationalizes SLF requirements according to
activities were held in the communities. A series of estimated total residual waste generation of LGUs,
Benefits ‘
The establishment and operation of the Surallah SLF Cluster, taking into account provisions of the signed MOA, are
expected to yield several benefits.
 Having the SLF cluster is more cost-effective; the total cost of constructing individual SLFs is higher. Resources
saved by the cluster LGUs from not establishing individual SLFs can now be used to provide other social services
to constituents.
 Commercial and industrial establishments within 6 cluster LGUs with own collection and transport systems will also
be allowed to dispose their residual wastes in the Surallah SLF.
 Availability of the Surallah SLF for immediate use by cluster members will ensure proper management of
approximately 23.5 tons/day of residual wastes. With the SLF cluster regularly monitoring, pollution from emissions
and leachate from residual wastes can be reduced.
 LGUs will be motivated to fully enforce proper waste segregation at source and effectively implement waste diversion
strategies, including composting at source and recovery of recyclable wastes.
 With the planned collection of tipping fees from members of the cluster LGUs, financial resources for operations
and maintenance will be made available. Fines and penalties will also ensure continuous and proper patronage of
the cluster LGUs.
 The Surallah SLF is expected to serve as learning site while other LGUs in the Mindanao Region explore the
benefits of sharing a common disposal facility.

the design of the proposed common disposal LGU as provided in the MOA. The agreement
facility was based on the 23.5 ton/day of total further indicates that to sustain operation and
residual wastes generated by the six MLGUs. maintenance of the disposal facility, tipping fees
Development of the Surallah SLF would be by will be collected from the cluster LGUs by the
phase. The first cell would be completed first. This Surallah LGU. Cluster LGUs will transport their
would have a natural clay liner as leachate residual wastes to the disposal facility using their
containment layers at specified thicknesses and own transport units. “Pay As You Dump” system
hydraulic conductivities as indicated in DAO 10- will be adopted and regular allocation for tipping
2006. Total cost of construction of Surallah SLF fee costs will come from the LGUs’ Internal
cluster would be P30 million; P5 million of this Revenue Allotment (IRA). A study on costs and
would be shouldered by the Provincial appropriate tipping fees to be collected will be
Government. Remaining budget would be funded conducted by the Surallah LGU.
by the Suralla LGU.
An SWM Fund where all revenues from SLF
As provided in the MOA, the Surallah Eco-Park operation will accrue will be established by the
Board was formed. The Board is composed of the cluster LGUs and administered by the Board. To
Local Chief Executives (LCEs) of the cluster LGUs, ensure that only residual wastes are delivered to
Provincial Government representative, host the Surallah SLF, the MOA additionally specifies
barangay representative and host LGU that all cluster LGUs should maintain their
representative, who also serves as Committee on composting facility and MRF for recyclable wastes
Environment Chairman. The Board is the highest in their own transfer stations. While the MOA
policy making body of the cluster that will centers on the obligations of cluster LGUs, it also
determine rules and regulations pertaining to waste identifies the role of the Provincial Government in
disposal, use and maintenance of SLF, monitoring providing technical assistance to the Surallah LGU
and evaluation of SLF operation, and sanctions to during the development, operation and
LGUs that will withdraw from the cluster or maintenance of the disposal facility. The Provincial
commit violations of the rules and regulations. A Government, too, is obliged to assist the cluster
TWG was created from among board members. It LGUs in the formulation of disposal rules and
is composed of a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, regulations as well as in the determination of
Secretary and Treasurer. The board members meet appropriate and fair tipping fees.
monthly.
On September 7, 2009, a ground-breaking
Construction, operation and maintenance of the ceremony for the cluster SLF in Surallah was held.
Surallah SLF will be the responsibility of Surallah ECC for the said disposal facility was issued on
September 3, 2009. Actual construction activities
of the SLF are on-going. Also on September 7, the
MOA legitimizing the provincial government’s
investment of P5 million for the cluster SLF and
the transfer of the funds to Surallah were signed.
Signing of MOA for the construction of Surallah cluster Ceremonial groundbreaking for the cluster sanitary landfill
SLF between South Cotabato PLGU and Surallah in Surallah last September 7, 2009

CHALLENGES
Compliance to the provisions of RA 9003 for resource by other barangays or municipalities

disposal facilities still has a long way to go. It will who would just be starting implementation.
require assessment of existing disposal practices,
exploration of available options and additional  Reduce LGU subsidy for SLF operation. This can
investments, not only to ensure compliance, but also be attained through the charging of fees to SLF
to meet the long-term goals for public health and users, including industries, barangay LGUs
sustainable environmental management. There are and other waste generators directly disposing
challenges that need to be met in order to have 100% residual wastes to the facility.
compliance, increased efficiency and required
effectiveness.  Encourage LGUs to use a common SLF. This
scheme is still in its development stage. LGUs
 Proper closure of open and controlled dumpsites. still have to be convinced of the benefits of this
Putting a stop to the utilization of open and strategy and appreciate the need for formal
controlled dumpsites should involve proper arrangements among partners concerned.
closure of these facilities, in accordance with Cost-sharing arrangements have to be
DAO 2006-09. There are still LGUs which have discussed and negotiated to come up with fair,
not developed and implemented Safe Closure doable and sustainable terms. Social
and Rehabilitation Plans for such disposal preparation activities have to be strengthened
facilities. Most importantly, a number of LGUs as site identification had been an issue in the
issued with Authorities to Close (ATCs) have past for most of the potential host barangays
not implemented actual closure activities. and LGUs. Incentives for host barangays and
LGUs would help facilitate agreements. There
 Sustain full enforcement of proper waste segregation is a lot of room for provincial government
at source. To reduce the cost of secondary participation, especially in initiating the
segregation and ensure that only residual establishment of a common SLF.
wastes are taken to the SLF, more waste
generators should do proper waste segregation  More partnerships with the private sector.
at source. Investing in SLFs should be made more
attractive to private investors. Incentives and
 Develop and Implement Operations Manual for cost-revenue sharing agreements have to be
SLFs. This is to ensure proper and sustainable well-designed and implemented so that
operation of SLFs as well as to be used as partnerships will work and be sustained.

RECOVERING COSTS
SUSTAINING a solid waste management program important, RA 7160 or the Local Government Code
is costly and can prove to be a burden on the LGUs, permits LGUs to provide SWM services as a basic
which are already trying to make ends meet with municipal service or facility with reasonable fees
their limited budgets. But this doesn’t present a and/or fines through ordinances enacted by local
dead-end, as experiences of a number of LGUs have Sanggunian.
shown measures can be developed to recover costs,
even if not fully then on a scale that can help sustain Cost-recovery is the process of passing on to waste
implementation. RA 9003, for one, allows LGUs to generators and/or service users the full or partial
impose appropriate fees for the preparation, cost of collecting wastes, composting, recycling and
adoption and implementation of SWM plans and disposal in the landfill. Through this, waste
programs. Using the “users’ pay” principle, LGUs generators are made accountable for the wastes they
are allowed to levy fees on all waste generators and generate. It ultimately aims to decrease LGU
users of SWM facilities. This is in addition to the subsidy for the SWM program and make it self-
charging of fines and penalties on violators. Equally sustaining.
BEST PRACTICES
 Ring-fencing SWM account. There are several recyclable wastes has also translated into
LGUs that have moved on to ring-fencing income for LGUs. Charging of tipping fees for
SWM financial resources (collected garbage use of disposal facility by other LGUs has also
fees, sale from compost, fines and penalties, been a lucrative way of recovering cost.
and annual LGU budget allocation). They have
passed local ordinances and developed  Active participation of barangays in cost-
guidelines that have facilitated the earmarking recovery. Ring-fencing SWM account has also
of SWM money for an SWM Fund or Account been adopted at the barangay level. Barangays
which will be solely used for SWM activities. started to collect garbage fees within their
Special Accounts for SWM have been created collection area. With more barangay LGUs
and bank accounts for SWM opened. being involved in SWM within their
jurisdictions and generating income from it as
 Maximizing opportunities for SWM revenue- well, this will ensure the implementation of
generation. Initiatives started by LGUs include SWM program at the barangay level.
collection of garbage fees and the marketing of
compost products and recyclable wastes.  Increasing cost-efficiency in the delivery of SWM
Promoting organic farming has become a services. Through identification of SWM costs,
window of opportunity for the LGUs to LGUs have determined those that can be
recover the cost of running a composting minimized to increase savings. Strategies have
facility. When handled properly, farmers and included manpower maximization,
owners of agricultural plantations proved to segregation at source and full capacity per
be steady buyers of compost. Networking with collection trip, among others.
junkshops, consolidators and processors of

Bayawan City, Negros Oriental; Jagna,

Bohol; and Polomolok, South Cotabato
Adopting Effective Cost-recovery Measures
SWM Special Accounts. Several LGUs created activities. Barangays Cannery Site, Magsaysay and
Special Account for SWM. In the case of the Poblacion have made a commitment to open
Bayawan LGU, the city does not maintain a separate separate SWM accounts within the year. Series of
bank account for SWM as the present system can discussions and coaching sessions will then be
ensure that SWM funds are used for the conducted with local finance teams (Barangay
implementation of the program and that revenues Treasurer and Barangay Record Keeper) to
generated from SWM activities will be used familiarize them on the proper way of accounting
exclusively for the program. Budget allocation for SWM transactions following the Barangay
the program is lodged under the Economic Accounting System. Guidelines on the
Development Fund for infrastructure projects, management of the Barangay SWM Fund have also
under the General Fund Proper for operating been developed and agreed upon by the municipal
expenses and the General Services Office. and barangay LGUs.
Jagna has a Cost-Recovery Plan, where one of the Different Kinds of Fees. Bayawan charges households
strategies identified is the creation of an SWM and establishments a flat fee of P2 per bag of waste
Special Account under the General Fund. A and requires the use of tickets as tags on each bag
separate bank account has been opened for the of wastes. The ticket costs P2 each. It also collects
SWM funds. This entailed establishment of SWM tipping fees from municipalities that dump wastes
books of accounts where SWM costs and revenues at the LGU’s SLF.
are being posted. Under the SWM Special Account,
different ledgers have been created for different Collections from October to December 2008
SWM components. All costs related to SWM have reached P40,000, while collections from January to
been charged to the separate bank account. SWM March 30, 2009 were more than P72,000. The
revenues and LGU subsidy through an annual amount includes penalties collected because of
budget allocation accrue to this account and can violations. The Cost-Recovery Plan of Bayawan
only be disbursed to SWM-related activities. targets a recovery of 75% of the total cost of waste
collection in the next three years by charging
Financial management guidelines have been households and businesses a flat fee of P2 per bag
formulated to ensure that processes and procedures of waste. The city intends to recover 100% of the
are written, uniformly understood by the collection service cost within five years.
implementers and easily accessed and monitored.
The SWM Special Account is administered by the
SWM Officer. The SWM Office maintains a logbook
to monitor utilization of SWM budget and revenues
from garbage fees, and fines and penalties
generated. The SWM Office reconciles on a
quarterly basis its records with the Municipal
Accounting and Budget Office.
The Polomolok LGU also has a SWM Special

Account known as the Barangay SWM Fund,
administered by the respective Barangay SWM
Committees. SWM financial resources (garbage
fees, fines and penalties, and annual LGU budget
allocation) are earmarked for SWM activity Households in Jagna are charged P10/month for collection
implementation and are used only for SWM of residual and special wastes

In Jagna, households are charged P10 a month for start of the year during application and renewal of
the collection of residual and special wastes. The business permit fees. Garbage fees for these
LGU also sells sacks to carry biodegradable wastes establishments ranged from P240 to P1,200 in 2009,
at P5 each. Sacks mandated by the LGU to be used in accordance with an ordinance.
as receptacles are also bought from the SWM Office
at P15 per piece. Garbage fees are collected from Table below shows garbage fee collection efficiency
commercial establishments and institutions at the in Jagna in 2007.

Beginning 2009, Jagna’s SWM- (CENRO), as the LGU
TWG implemented the encourages organic farming.
colored sticker scheme. In this It provides organic fertilizer
set-up, households pay subsidies to farmers who
garbage fees to barangay purchase certified seeds from
enforcers and are given the CAO. For a sack of
colored stickers for the certified seeds of rice and
current month. Different open pollinated variety (OPV)
colored stickers are used of corn, the LGU provides 10
every month. Households sacks of organic fertilizer. For
have to present the correct one sack of hybrid corn, it will
color-coded stickers for their provide 20 sacks of organic
garbage to be collected. fertilizer. The LGU’s require-
Garbage of households unable ment for organic fertilizer is
to present stickers is not 13,000 bags per year. The
collected. These households Agriculture Office also has 29
are visited by municipal nurseries that grow fruit trees,
enforcers to settle their forest trees, coffee, rubber
garbage fees. As a result of this trees and jathropa. Of these,
scheme, garbage fee collection coffee, rubber and jathropa are
efficiency increased by 10% in on a plant-now-pay-later
2008. scheme sponsored by the
LGU. The farmers are
In Polomolok, garbage fees required to pay the LGU five
are at P120 a year for public years after planting. The rest
market stall owners, of the expenses are paid on
commercial establishments Colored stickers cash basis. The LGU earns at
and hospitals. Revenues from least P300,000 per year from
garbage fee collection are incorporated in the the sale of these seedlings. The compost production
annual business permit fees secured by commercial from the composting facility is used by these
establishments and industries, such as those located nurseries as a potting medium. Aside from the DA’s
in Barangay Cannery. nursery, the City ENRO has a nursery for forest
trees which also requires composts as potting
Polomolok also collects environmental medium. In 2007, the total combined compost
management fees (EMFs) from households and produced was almost 24,000 (473 bags at 50 kg per
business establishments outside the business bag), and in 2008 it increased to almost P42,000 (835
district within their jurisdictions. The Municipal kg at 50 kg per bag).
Local Finance Committee, in consultation with
barangay officials, determined areas that will be In Jagna, composts are sold at P200 per sack. With
considered part of the business district of the improvement in quality, the compost is expected
municipality. The Comprehensive ISWM to fetch P350 per sack, which is the going rate in
Ordinance of Polomolok provides that the other municipalities.
barangays will collect the garbage fees. As indicated
in the Barangay SWM Fund Management To reduce LGU’s subsidy for the operation of the
Guidelines, the Barangay Treasurer is the principal composting facility, products have been used in the
officer responsible for SWM collections. demonstration farms of the Department of
Households will be charged P10 per sack which will Agriculture in Barangays Mayana, Bodiong,
be collected by a collector who will go with the Calabasita and Naatang. This is to encourage
garbage collection team. No payment, no waste farmers to shift to organic farming. Increasing
collection policy will be fully enforced. prices of fertilizer, too, has motivated farmers to
use compost because they are relatively cheaper
Money from compost. In Bayawan, compost produced and ensure the yield of healthier agricultural
in the facility is used in the nurseries of CAO and products. Demand for the composts in farms has
City Environment and Natural Resources Office recently increased.

CHALLENGES
 Develop and implement Cost-Recovery Plans.  Conduct of periodic assessment of costs and
While LGUs have looked into their current revenues. Assessing SWM-related costs and
SWM costs and revenues, drafting Cost- revenues from time to time will assist the LGUs
Recovery Plans will facilitate setting targets in tracking rising costs and decreasing
and developing more efficient strategies for revenues.
implementation.
 Regular reporting of SWM costs and revenues
 Improving SWM revenue-generation activities. to ESWMB and other SWM decision-makers.
LGUs have also come up with various special These should be done for purposes of
activities that have helped generate revenues, accountability and transparency, even among
such as: barangay LGUs.
 Revisiting of garbage fees. While garbage fees  Provision of technical assistance to barangay
are being collected and planned to be LGUs on adoption of cost-recovery
collected soon, revisiting present garbage mechanisms at the barangay level. Aiming for
fees is needed. Adoption of volume-based participation of barangay LGUs in SWM
user fees also needs to be explored. program implementation, appropriate cost-
Garbage fees have to be analyzed vis-à-vis recovery mechanisms should be introduced to
costs of providing waste collection them. This will ensure sustainability of SWM
services; program and long-term involvement of
barangay LGUs as major decision-makers.
 Improving collection efficiency. Identifying
waste generators served by LGU’s waste  Conduct of annual SWM budgeting and
collection services and fully enforcing no performance evaluation by municipal and
garbage fee, no collection policy have to barangay LGUs. This is to determine the
be strictly implemented not only by effectiveness of the cost-recovery program,
municipal LGUs but also by barangays including standards and benchmarks set vis-
providing the service; à-vis reductions in LGU subsidies for the
program.
 Improving quality of compost. This will help
in setting compost price at par with the
rate in the market;
 Increasing cost-efficiency by looking into

waste collection route and design, among
others, and;
 Strict enforcement of no tipping fee, no disposal

policy.

PRIVATE SECTOR
PARTICIPATION
PRIVATE sector participation has been an effective BEST PRACTICE STORIES

strategy that helped LGUs reduce their subsidies
for the SWM program and ensure implementation
sustainability. More than this, having the private Kidapawan City, Cotabato
sector take on and support the idea of their role in Partnering with Private Hospitals on
SWM activities increases sense of ownership THW Management
among them.
Kidapawan City, a 2nd class city, plays an essential
role in the economic development of Cotabato
BEST PRACTICES province. It is the center of trade, commerce and
social services within the province, especially to
 Private sector participation in waste its five neighboring municipalities–Matalam,
diversion. Industries, schools, farms and Roxas, Magpet, M’lang, Makilala, Arakan and
agricultural plantations have practiced waste Antipas. As host to almost 2000 establishments,
segregation and diversion at source. agricultural plantations and with a population of
Establishment and operation of on-site MRFs, close to 120,000 (NSO, 2007), rising solid waste
with composting facilities, is an emerging generation of the city, especially the toxic kind, has
practice that has significantly contributed to the become a crucial issue.
achievement of waste diversion. Consultations
and dialogues among LGUs and private sector While toxic and hazardous wastes (THWs)
players advanced local SWM policies, cost- comprise only 1.5% of the city’s total waste and may
sharing agreements and behavior changes appear to be negligible in terms of this volume, the
towards desired SWM practices. city government has recognized public health and
environmental impacts posed by THWs, such as
 Private sector participation in establishment those coming from hospitals. Thus, Kidapawan
and operation of SWM facilities. Joint ventures LGU has partnered with hospitals for effective
for the establishment and operation of SWM establishment and management of proper disposal
facilities such as composting facilities, SLFs and facility, and implementation of policy-compliant
septic vaults for THWs have recently increased. procedures for hospital wastes.
 Strengthening the recycling sector. The private There are seven hospitals, five of them located at
sector has been largely involved in the recovery the commercial business district, which have been
of recyclable materials. Recyclable Waste Fairs operating in the city, within Barangays Poblacion,
have been venues for convergence of waste Sudapin and Lanao. Assessment of THW
generators and buyers of recyclable materials, management practices of health care facilities in
including junkshops, consolidators and 2005 exposed the absence of proper disposal facility
processors. for THWs, including septic vaults. Cases of sharp
objects, e.g., needles, syringes, scalpels, blades,
mixed with other solid wastes, caused injuries to
waste collectors. These were reported, confirmed
and discussed by the city LGU with concerned
hospital administrators and Pollution Control
Officers.

Benefits
 With required proper disposal of THWs, waste collectors and communities are saved from acquiring infectious
diseases from health care-related THWs.
 Since only properly segregated sharps will be accepted in the vault, health care facilities will be motivated to
comply with mandatory waste segregation.
 With construction of THW vault borne by four partner hospitals, the LGU will not be burdened to shoulder a large
amount on the said facility. User fees will be used for the operation and maintenance and the LGU will be able to
cover cost of constructing the THW vault.
 Savings by the city LGU can be used in other SWM activities.
On July 2007, the City’s SWM-TWG held a dialogue the city LGU realized that the situation called for
with stakeholders to finalize plans for THW an institutional arrangement that would define
management. The consultation resulted in an roles and responsibilities related to THW
agreement to install THW vault for sharp objects management, including construction and
disposed by health care facilities. A vault with a management of septic vault, handling and transport
capacity of 70 cubic meters was acquired and costs of THWs, and user fee mechanisms.
shouldered by four hospitals in the city. The city
LGU, on the other hand, donated a 100 sq meter The four hospital partners of the City LGU and all
for the septic vault located at the old dumpsite in government hospitals will be charged P5 per kg of
Barangay Binoligan. The septic vault is expected sharp objects. Other users (hospitals, clinics,
to be used for five years. laboratories and medical schools) will be charged
P20 per kg of sharp objects. The fees collected will
The THW septic vault was completed in April 2008. be used to finance the operation and maintenance
The City LGU offered this to the hospitals but the of vault, salaries and protective gears for personnel,
hospitals have not taken any action. Due to this, and eventual closure and rehabilitation.
General Santos City

Recyclable Waste Fair encourages private
sector participation
General Santos City (a.k.a. “GenSan”) held its first commerce and trade, finance, services and
Recyclable Waste Fair, in celebration of Earth Day, education. It is also home to large agri-based and
at the Gaisano Mall of fishery-related industries.
GenSan. The city is With these, the private
considered the economic sector substantially
hub in the SOCSK- contributes to GenSan’s
SARGEN Region, and waste generation. The
thus the event was waste assessment con-
successful in highlighting ducted for the City in
not only the benefits of 2007 has shown that total
practicing waste segrega- waste generation within
tion and re-using recycla- the entire City is approxi-
ble wastes but also the mately 292.6 tons per day.
positive impacts of Sixty-four percent (64%)
strengthening collabora- of these are biodegrad-
tion among public and able and sixteen percent
private sectors. (16%) are recyclable
wastes. This translates to
GenSan residents sell their old newspapers during the
GenSan is regarded as “1 GenSan Recyclable Waste Fair
st 80% potential waste
Region 12’s center of diversion within GenSan.

Major waste generators within the City are staff, SWM-Technical Working Group (TWG), City
households, industries, food establishments and the Environment and Natural Resource Officer
public market. (ENRO), Philippine Environmental Governance 2
Project (EcoGov 2) and Department of Environment
Though the GenSan LGU has started its SWM and Natural Resources (DENR) – Environmental
efforts in 2005 when it created its Sustainable Waste Management Bureau (EMB) – Region XII.
Management Board (SuWMB) and mobilized
Barangay SWM Committees (BSWMCs) in most Participatory Preparatory Activities
barangays, involvement of the private sector was
relatively weak. Only few schools, commercial and Several planning sessions were held to finalize
industrial establishments practiced waste details for the Fair. After discussions with Gaisano
segregation at source. Though there were several Mall administrators, the owners agreed to allow
of them directly taking their wastes to the City’s the use of the Mall as the Fair’s venue without any
disposal site, these were mixed wastes. The charge. A survey of recyclables bought in GenSan
participation of junkshops and recyclable waste and corresponding prices as well as inventory of
consolidators in managing recyclable wastes in the those without regular market were conducted.
City, however, could not be underestimated. Sixty- Recognizing its limited resources for the event, the
one (61) junkshops and 2 consolidators operate in Core Group sought involvement of the private
GenSan. With GenSan’s accessibility, consolidators sector. Display of streamers, radio, TV and
receive recyclable materials from Cotabato, newspaper advertisements, press conferences,
Kidapawan, Koronadal and Tacurong Cities, and press releases and radio interviews were done to
transport these to Davao City, Manila, Cebu City
and Polomolok, and to countries like Singapore and
China.
With GenSan’s Ten-Year ISWM Plan legitimized

and formally adopted days before the Fair, the city
government aggressively called for active
participation of the private sector in the City’s SWM
program. Inspired by the Recyclable Collection
Event regularly conducted in Davao City by the
Davao City Chamber of Commerce and Industry,
the GenSan city government, through the
Committee on Environmental Conservation,
Beautification of Parks, Plazas and Playgrounds,
and SWM Office, spearheaded the Recyclable
Waste Fair. The event’s Core Group included the Workmen unload recyclable wastes during the 1st GenSan Recyclable
Sangguniang Panglungsod on Environment and Waste Fair
Benefits
 The Fair succeeded in recovering recyclable materials and at the same time generated income for the participants,
several of whom are individual junk buyers without local market. More than 1,500 kilos of junk electronic equipment,
including used appliances and computer hardware, were sold during the Fair. Many did not how to dispose of
these items.
 Schools, large industries and many private establishments based in GenSan were made aware of their roles in
material recovery.
 Junkshop owners understood their roles better in material recovery. With them being the main actors or buyers of
recyclable materials brought by individuals and establishments, their contribution to waste diversion was emphasized.
The event also provided a venue for schools, commercial and industrial establishments to link with junk buyers
operating within the City.
 The Fair served as a major IEC activity that raised awareness on the need to practice proper waste segregation at
source.

promote the Fair. These necessary legwork for the
were made possible Fair. Sponsoring the event
through assistance of with t-shirts, streamers,
Kapisanan ng mga tarpaulins and snacks were
Broadcaster (KBP) ng major private
Pilipinas– SarGen, ABS- establishments in GenSan,
CBN, DENR-EMB XII and including Gaisano Mall of
Public Information Agency GenSan, Smart Communica-
(PIA). Junk buyers, schools, tions, Jollibee, Toyota
commercial and industrial Motors, Coco-Cola Bottlers
establishments that could Philippines, KCC Mall of
be tapped for the event More than 1,500 kilos of junk electronic GenSan and Dole Philip-
were gathered and oriented equipment, including computer hardware, were pines.
on the Fair’s objectives and sold during the 1st GenSan Recyclable Waste Fair
program. The day-long event began
with a motorcade led by the Philippine National
IEC activities done resulted in different sectors Police (PNP) and SWM-TWG. During the fair, junk
pledging to support and cooperate for the Fair. Six buyers were asked to record types of recyclable
junkshops, buying the recyclable materials, joined wastes sold to them and corresponding volume
the event. Buyers of used appliance and computer (kilos/pieces) as well as their economic values.
hard wares, ink cartridges and other recyclable Summary of these were tallied at the end of the
materials not bought by junk buyers in GenSan also event. A main activity of the fair was an On-the-
participated in the event through the Davao City Spot Logo and Slogan Making Contest held at the
Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Inc. National Mall’s atrium while trading of recyclable materials
government agencies, associations, schools, media, was done outside. This was sponsored by
printing companies, people’s organizations and a Kagandahan GenSan which has been in-charge of
hospital served as co-convenors. Among them, a the beautification projects of the City. The winning
Secretariat was formed to oversee and do the entry has been used as the official logo and slogan
of GenSan’s SWM program.
Solano, Nueva Vizcaya

Enabling recycling thrives through LGU-
private sector collaboration
In Nueva Vizcaya, the intensification of waste they buy to reduce the volume of waste disposed
segregation and waste diversion initiatives in the in the dumpsites.
municipalities resulted in the proliferation of small
local junk shops. Recognizing their potential One junkshop that readily took up the challenge
contribution to the recovery of recyclables, the was 4S Scraps and Papers. In 2001, this Solano-
provincial government, in collaboration with based junkshop only had a small warehouse with
EcoGov sponsored the one helper and rented trucks.
conduct of a recycling Its business was confined to
summit which provided a the buying of cartons, bottles
venue for these local junk and scrapped metals within
shops and other stakeholders the province of Nueva
to explore opportunities for Vizcaya. The operator, Nelly
partnerships with their Valerio, saw the opportunity
LGUs. The province wanted to expand her business. She
to launch a massive recovery was persistent in the search
of recyclable wastes and for buyers and successfully
tried to convince local buyers penetrated the market of
to expand the waste items 4S Scraps and Papers recyclables that were not

traditionally bought by shares the information with
the local junkshops. Her LGUs so they can include
determination caught the such information in
attention of the province estimating waste diversion
and thus led to the close through recycling.
collaboration between the
provincial government In keeping with her commit-
and Valerio. ment to the provincial
government, she is conti-
Valerio is currently a nuously searching for
member of the Provincial factories needing returnable
Solid Waste Management items. Records of her
Council. She has deve- junkshop show that close to
loped a good understand- 240 tons of recyclables and
ing of proper solid waste about 900,000 bottles are
management and willing- delivered monthly to
ly serves as resource factories and recycling
person in SWM orientation and workshops in industries. Glass bottles are traded in neighboring
schools and barangays where she shares her views Pangasinan province. Papers are sent to Pampanga
on the importance of waste minimization and province while cartons, broken bottles/glass are
recovery of factory returnable wastes. She also gives transported to Bulacan. PET bottles and metals are
tips on other non-traditional recyclables that can sold in Valenzuela, Metro Manila.
be recovered and their corresponding prices.
Valerio’s junkshop participates in special events and 4S Scraps and Papers has thus evolved from a small
fiestas where recycling is promoted. Valerio has junkshop to a consolidator and now operates in
likewise forged tie-ups with the schools and Bayombong, Bambang, Aritao, Dupax del Norte
barangays for the trading of recyclables. She and Bagabag towns in Nueva Vizcaya. It now has
religiously keeps records of the volume of more than 40 workers, all trained in waste
recyclables that are recovered by her junkshops and segregation.
Bais City, Negros Oriental

Sugarcane planters agree with no open
burning local policy
The City of Bais took bold steps in locally

addressing climate change by passing a
Comprehensive Integrated Solid Waste
Management ISWM Ordinance and adopting an
ESWM Enforcement Plan stipulating the “no open
burning” of agricultural wastes particularly of
sugarcane trashes. The passage of the ordinance
surpassed a number of challenges and became a
milestone in Bais City’s implementation of its waste
management program. The LGU takes on the
challenge of changing a centuries-old practice that
has unknowingly contributed to global climate
change.
Bais City is known for its vast fields of sugarcane

in the Province of Negros Oriental with 6,512
sugarcane farms and two sugar mills. Sugarcane Burning of sugar cane trash in Bais City
plantations of the City constitute 47% or 9,056

practicing, leaves about 97% of the total waste from
sugarcane harvesting. With 9,056 hectares planted
with sugarcane, Bais City burns 104,144 tons of cane
trash per cropping season. (EcoGov 2, 2007)
With the continued burning of trashes from vast

fields of sugarcane in the city, the Local Chief
Executive (LCE) took the initiative in holding
dialogues with sugarcane planters. The LCE’s goal
was to convince the planters to stop burning their
trashes and use alternative methods that are
environment friendly and less harmful to human
health. It was during this dialogue that the LCE
told the planters that the LGU would include the
“no-burning of sugarcane trashes” policy in the
ordinance and enforcement plan they are drafting.
Burning of sugar cane trash in Bais City
After the LCE’s dialogue with the sugarcane
hectares of the 19,085 hectares of the City’s planters, a series of consultations were conducted
agricultural land. About 29% of the total land area together with the Provincial LGU and DENR for
of 31,690 is devoted to sugarcane. Only ten percent the planters. During consultations, a number of
(10%) of the population owns ninety percent (90%) issues were discussed. The major issues and
of the land. There are 12 major sugarcane planters concerns raised by the planters were on the
in the City of Bais. Two of the largest sugar mills in practicality and availability of the alternative
the country are found in Bais – the Central technologies in managing sugarcane trashes. They
Azucarera de Bais, Inc. (CAB) and the United pointed out the fact that it would really be a
Robina Sugar Milling Corporation (URSUMCO). challenge for the LGU to impose the “No Open
Bais City produces 75% of Negros Oriental Burning” policy stipulated in the proposed
Province’s sugar export. ordinance but with the LCE’s support, it would
mean changing traditional practices. Only a few
Like most of the sugarcane farms in the country, of the planters present were a bit skeptical on the
planters practice the traditional way of disposing implementation of the policy. Majority of the
sugarcane trash left on the field after harvest by planters expressed their support upon approval of
burning. Burning sugarcane trash is the cheapest, the Ordinance provided that there would be
easiest, and fastest way of disposing trash and support from the LGU in providing them
clearing the fields for cultivation. Planters also alternatives and would strictly enforce the
believe that it kills pest and, prevents diseases and ordinance.
destroys its sources. Thus, planters choose this
method. It has become a tradition despite its To effectively convince the planters, two sugarcane
disadvantages. Manual detrashing of canes, which planters in the city already practicing sound
most plantations on Negros and Panay islands are alternative methods were invited during the
consultations to share their experiences. One
planter shreds the trashes left on the field and
incorporates it in the soil during cultivation. The
other planter practices trash farming by piling
trashes in alternate rows and allow it to naturally
decompose.
The practice of trash farming converts wastes into

a nutrient source by improving soil fertility. It also
retains soil moisture and minimizes soil erosion.
As a result of a series of consultations, the LGU

passed on November 4, 2008 its Ecological Solid
LCE’s dialogue with sugarcane planters, Bais City Waste Management (ESWM) Ordinance and

adopted its ESWM Enforcement Plan. The ESWM
Enforcement Plan which supports the Ordinance
effectively calls for a stop to the burning of
sugarcane waste. Under the city’s ESWM
Enforcement Plan, the LGU will exercise a two-year
moratorium on open burning of agricultural waste.
Planters will be required to reduce burning to 25%
on the Plan’s third year of implementation, 50% on
the fourth year, and 75% on the fifth year towards
total elimination of the practice on the plan’s sixth
year of implementation. The City’s ISWM
Ordinance provides that violators of the no open
burning policy will be prosecuted and penalized
in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act Shredded trash incorporated in the soil
9003. RA 9003 indicates payment in the amounts
not less than P300 but not more than P1,000 as fine
and imprisonment of not less than 1 day to not more
than 15 days or both as penalty for violators of the
no open burning of solid waste mandate.
At present, the no burning policy has not been

enforced yet as the City LGU is on the process of
designing capability-building programs for
sugarcane planters on sound and cost-efficient
alternative technologies of managing sugarcane
trash. System to enforce the no open burning policy
is also being discussed.
Trash farming in every other row
Expected Benefits
With the passage and implementation of the no open burning local policy, the following impacts are expected to happen:
 Reduced GHG emissions resulting from burning. It has been estimated that canes that are burned before cutting to
facilitate harvesting generates 13.78 tons of GHG per hectare. GHGs include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and
methane;
 Improved public health. With enforcement of the no burning policy, respiratory diseases are expected to decrease;
 Increased waste diversion. It is estimated that Bais City generates 104,144 tons of cane trash per cropping season;
 Support to organic farming. With burning prohibited, quality of sugar produced are likely to improve with loss of
organic matter and nutrient content of the soil caused by burning reduced;
 Reduced costs for farmers. With soil enhancer to be produced by farmers themselves from processing of sugarcane
trash to compost, costs incurred by farmers for purchasing of fertilizer are projected to be reduced; and
 Strengthened SWM collaboration with sugarcane plantation owners. With existing cooperation among City LGU
and sugarcane plantation owners, Bais City can serve as a learning site for the implementation of no open burning
policy not only within Negros Oriental Province but also within Central Visayas where sugarcane industry is considered
a major local economic sector.

Dimataling, Zamboanga del Sur
Seaweed farmers taking a step towards
improved SWM
Of the total 3,194 hectares of seaweed farms in the

whole Zamboanga del Sur, 700 hectares or 22% of
the total seaweed farms within the Province are in
Dimataling. The municipality has seaweed farms
in 8 of its 11 coastal barangays. There are
approximately 1,500 seaweed farmers. Seaweed
production is done throughout the year with peak
season being between May and October when
weather is suitable for planting. Culture period
spans from 45 days to two months and number of
croppings ranges from 3 to 6 per year.
While seaweed production has been given much

A farmer in Barangay Bacayawan shows his seaweeds harvest attention as the local’s primary income source,
from the seaweed farm a few kilometers behind him. proper management of solid wastes generated in
seaweed farms has remained to be a critical issue
along the coastal waters of Dimataling. However,
Dimataling is a 4th class municipality located some one of the municipality’s coastal barangays has
56 kilometers northwest of the province’s capital taken the lead in ensuring that seaweed production
of Pagadian City. All the 24 barangays are is sustained through proper SWM. This has been
distributed over 141.8 square kilometers of land. in response to the municipal LGU’s call for
Being a coastal municipality situated along Illana improved SWM within the municipality.
Bay, fishing is one of the main sources of livelihood Recognizing the need for proper management of
in Dimataling. Seaweed production, starting in the solid wastes to be incorporated in sustainable
late 1980s, has become a primary economic activity seaweed production, seaweed farmers in Barangay
within the municipality. With Dimataling being a Bacayawan have taken bolder steps in using more
beneficiary of the USAID Project Livelihood environment-friendly materials. Fifty hectares of
Enhancement and Peace Program (LEAP), the seaweed farms in Dimataling are found in Barangay
municipality was given a solar drier and other Bacayawan.
forms of assistance for seaweed growers.
The plastic pouches used as floaters and the nylon
strings that were used to tie these plastic pouches
contributed significantly to the volume of solid
wastes generated by seaweed farms in Barangay
Bacayawan. On the average, a total of 7,200 pieces
of plastic pouch wastes were generated for every
hectare per cropping season. With 50 hectares of
seaweed farms in Barangay Bacayawan, about
360,000 plastic wastes were being generated per
cropping period. These plastic pouches, when
deflated during cropping seasons, were left along
the coastal areas. During harvest time, used plastic
floaters and nylon strings were brought by the
farmers to the mainland, near the shore. These were
either burned or left in an area. In effect, during
high tide, these plastic pouches were being tossed
Plastic bags is used as floaters in seaweed farms before farmers
shifted to use of mineral water bottles
by waves back to the sea.

Striving to develop a barangay that will showcase To strengthen the program, the Provincial
proper management of solid wastes in seaweed Government, through the Provincial Solid Waste
farms, SWM orientations were conducted by the Management-Technical Working Group, initiated
municipal LGU in Barangay Bacayawan. Through a drive to encourage the different offices within the
its Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) and Provincial Government to recover mineral bottles
DENR-Region IX, a 2-day training on seaweed during meetings and trainings. There were also
farming with emphasis on the environmental several institutions and commercial establishments,
impacts of improper farm practices and on fishery e.g., gym, restaurants and schools, which
laws, was held. As a result, according to the participated in the one-time campaign. A total of
Barangay Captain of Bacawayan, at least 75% of 12 sacks of assorted sizes of mineral bottles were
seaweed farmers have substituted their floaters recovered and given to Barangay Captain of
with mineral bottles. The use of mineral water Bacayawan for distribution to seaweed farmers.
bottles is considered to be eco-friendlier as this does
not require changing of floaters frequently. This endeavor is hoped to be sustained and
replicated in other coastal barangays of Dinataling.
General Santos City

Recognizing SWM efforts of business
establishments
General Santos City recognized last July

31, 2008 the efforts of about 30 business
establishments located in and around the
Central Public Market by awarding them
certificates for complying with the recently
enacted comprehensive city ordinance on
Ecological Solid Waste Management
(SWM). The recognition rites, a public-
private sector project, were attended by
officials of the city government and the
General Santos City Chamber of
Commerce (GSCCC), with Environmental
Management Bureau-Region (EMB) 12
Director.
The awarding followed more than a

month-long monitoring conducted by
trained city personnel. Everyday, the city Rose Pharmacy received a certificate recognizing the drug store’s
personnel inspected establishments compliance with city ordinance on Ecological Solid Waste Management
located inside and around the central Awarding the certificate are (left to right): General Santos City Chamber of
public market, a pilot area for SWM Commerce and Industry, Inc. (GSCCCII) Board Director Dr. Emilio
enforcement. Those who are not yet Escobillo, Environmental Management Bureau-12 Director Datu Tungko
complying with the ordinance are usually Saikol, GSCCCII Executive Director Pilar Afuang and Ferdinand Pareja of
reminded first that they have to practice the city’s Interim Sustainable Waste Management Unit.
waste segregation, recycling and other
SWM practices prescribed in the
ordinance. The city and the GSCCCII plan
to continue close monitoring of compliance
and award more certificates to business
establishments in and around the public

market at least once marketing and in the regular conduct of recyclable
every two months. market events.
EcoGov brokered the In early 2009, EcoGov awarded a grant to GSCCCII

city’s partnership to launch an intensive SWM campaign among its
with the Chamber of members to support the program of the city. The
Commerce as well as grant included the production of materials such as
Barangay Lagao, signage, billboards and posters, now installed at
another pilot area — the Central Public Market, Lagao satellite market
where two major and surrounding business establishments. During
malls, a satellite the launch, the SWM song and mascot were
market and many introduced. Both Barangay Lagao and the city
other business government allocated funds for the campaign,
establishments are which included production of additional
located — in social information materials and training of SWM
Mr. Bin, SWM mascot introduced enforces complete with IDs and citation tickets.
during Earth Day
CHALLENGES
 Conduct of regular dialogues with the private incentive program should be designed by
sector. Sustaining relationships of LGUs with LGUs. Awarding good performers will
the private sector has to be sustained through encourage participation of private sector in
regular feedbacks. This is also a way of SWM program implementation.
monitoring results of partnerships and
identifying areas for improvement.  Monitoring compliance of private sector.
Monitoring compliance of private sector still
 Strengthen links with buyers. For the effective needs to be part of the LGUs’ activities to ensure
and efficient recovery of recyclable materials, that their SWM activities are in line with RA
LGUs have to strengthen linkages with buyers 9003 and municipal-wide SWM program.
of recyclable materials who have no regular Regular dialogues with the private sector will
markets within a city or municipality. be good venues to discuss areas for
Organizing those involved in the recovery of improvement and technical assistance that has
recyclable materials would help. to be provided to them.
 Provide incentives to private sector players

which are active in SWM program. To increase
and sustain participation of private sector, an

For information, please contact:
The Philippine Environmental Governance Project

(EcoGov)
Unit 2401, Prestige Tower
F. Ortigas Jr. Road, (formerly Emerald Avenue)
Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1605
Philippines
Telephone: (632) 635-0747  Fax: (632) 637-8779
Website: www.ecogov.org
Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Office

Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Visayas Avenue, Diliman
Quezon City 1104
Philippines
Telephone: +63 2 928-0028; 928-2226
Website: www.faspo.denr.gov.ph


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Good Practices in SWM — A Collection of LGU Experiences

Editors: Maria Theresa Espino-Yap, Rebecca R. Paz, Clarissa Militante

Final Editing: Carmenia May M. Magno

Layout and Print Production: Lume Y. Inamac

Photo Credits: EcoGov Field Staff

 Cesar Virata & Associates, Inc.

EVOLVING BEST PRACTICES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES .......... 3

WASTE SEGREGATION AND DIVERSION ............................................................................................ 3

COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT ...................................................................................................... 28

WASTE DISPOSAL ....................................................................................................................... 38

RECOVERING COSTS .................................................................................................................... 48

PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION .................................................................................................. 53

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences i

ARMM - Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao

ii THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences iii

S olid waste management (SWM)

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 1

This publication is a documentation of best practice

2 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 3

BEST PRACTICES IN WASTE Acknowledging the recycling sector as partners

4 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

Enforcing the law at the local level can open

The ordinance classifies into four types the wastes

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 5

6 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

Rubber Rubber Rubber biodegradable

Bins Bins Bins

ing. Those unable wastes per day

Rubber Rubber Rubber Jagna uses

located 1.5 kilo- Area for dumping

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 7

8 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

When the Diffun Solid Waste Management-Technical

To persuade market vendors and buyers to practice waste

In May 2006, the Diffun LGU and QSC forged a

The composting facility, located in Barangay Andres

The composting facility is strategically located within the

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 9

QSC uses windrow composting technology

Diagram 1.Composting Process, QSC, Diffun, Quirino

Compost soil enhancer produced in the facility is also used in QSC’s

10 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

 LGU meets the required minimum 25% waste diversion.

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 11

Maddela’s central composting facility is jointly

MIT is approximately 15 kilometers away from the

12 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 13

Maddela Institute of Technology segregation messages were developed and

14 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

Maddela Comprehensive High  Creation of an ESWM Committee and

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 15

Saint Teresita’s Academy placards with waste segregation messages are

16 THE PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PROJECT (ECOGOV)

Paniki High School biodegradable wastes. SWM concerns are included

GOOD PRACTICES IN SWM: A Collection of LGU Experiences 17

Prior to the implementation of the Plan, a Social

Implementation of the ISWM Plan and the ISWM